Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-08T18:07:26.761Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

10 - Power to the Forest People

Tendencies, Impact and the Future of Locally Controlled Forests

from Part II - Tools to Address Wicked Problems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2020

William Nikolakis
Affiliation:
University of British Columbia, Vancouver
John L. Innes
Affiliation:
University of British Columbia, Vancouver
Get access

Summary

A global trend towards more community control over forests has slowed deforestation and forest degradation, reduced carbon emissions, supported community livelihoods and built social capital. In some cases these positive benefits have not been realized, and there have been mixed results on intra-community equity. Three ‘wicked characteristics’ mitigate the success of community forests: where tenure change erodes the power of economic and technical elites, who then respond by undermining the community forest; where it is difficult to support communities without impacting their collective action; and where governments develop policies that are difficult to adapt to local contexts.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Wicked Problem of Forest Policy
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Sustainability in Forest Landscapes
, pp. 278 - 300
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agrawal, A. 2014. Studying the commons, governing common-pool resource outcomes: some concluding thoughts. Environmental Science and Policy 36 :8691.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alemagi, D. 2010. A comparative assessment of community forest models in Cameroon and British Columbia, Canada. Land Use Policy 27(3):928936.Google Scholar
Armenteras, D., Rodríguez, N. and Retana, J.. 2009. Are conservation strategies effective in avoiding the deforestation of the Colombian Guyana Shield? Biological Conservation 142(7):14111419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baffes, J. and Gong, X.. 2017. Where Commodity Prices Are Going, Explained in Nine Charts. Available at: http://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/where-commodity-prices-are-going-explained-nine-chartsGoogle Scholar
Baynes, J., Herbohn, J., Smith, C., Fisher, R. and Bray, D.. 2015. Key factors which influence the success of community forestry in developing countries. Global Environmental Change 35 :226238.Google Scholar
Blackman, A. and Veit, P.. 2018. Titled Amazon Indigenous communities cut forest carbon emissions. Ecological Economics 153:5667.Google Scholar
Blaikie, P. 2006. Is small really beautiful? Community-based natural resource management in Malawi and Botswana. World Development 34(11):19421957.Google Scholar
Blomley, T. 2014. Lessons Learned from Community Forestry and Their Relevance for REDD+. USAID-Supported Forest Carbon, Markets and Communities (FCMC) Program, Washington, DC, USA. Available at: http://research.usc.edu.au:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/usc:13889Google Scholar
Bocci, C., Fortmann, L., Sohngen, B. and Milian, B.. 2018. The impact of community forest concessions on income: an analysis of communities in the Maya Biosphere Reserve. World Development 107:1021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowler, D. E., Buyung-Ali, L. M., Healey, J. R., et al. 2012. Does community forest management provide global environmental benefits and improve local welfare? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10(1):2936.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bray, D. B., Merino-Pérez, L., Negreros-Castillo, P., et al. 2003. Mexico’s community-managed forests as a global model for sustainable landscapes. Conservation Biology 17(3):672677.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buntaine, M. T., Hamilton, S. E. and Millones, M., M. 2015. Titling community land to prevent deforestation: an evaluation of a best-case program in Morona-Santiago, Ecuador. Global Environmental Change 33:3243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burivalova, Z., Hua, F., Koh, L. P., Garcia, C. and Putz, F.. 2017. A critical comparison of conventional, certified, and community management of tropical forests for timber in terms of environmental, economic, and social variables. Conservation Letters 10(1):414.Google Scholar
Busch, J. and Ferretti-Gallon, K.. 2017. What drives deforestation and what stops it? A meta-analysis. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 11(1):323.Google Scholar
Casse, T. and Milhoj, A.. 2013. While waiting for the answer: a critical review of meta-studies of tropical forest management. Journal of Environmental Management 131:334342.Google Scholar
Ceddia, M. G., Gunter, U. and Corriveau-Bourque, A.. 2015. Land tenure and agricultural expansion in Latin America: the role of Indigenous Peoples’ and local communities’ forest rights. Global Environmental Change 35:316322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chhatre, A. and Agrawal, A.. 2009. Trade-offs and synergies between carbon storage and livelihood benefits from forest commons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106(42):1766717670.Google Scholar
Cubbage, F. W., Davis, R. R., Rodríguez Paredes, D., et al. 2015. Community forestry enterprises in Mexico: sustainability and competitiveness. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 34:623650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dasgupta, S. and Burivalova, Z.. 2017. Does Community-Based Forest Management Work in the Tropics? Available at: https://news.mongabay.com/2017/11/does-community-based-forest-management-work-in-the-tropics/Google Scholar
Durán, E., Bray, D. B., Velázquez, A. and Larrazábal, A.. 2011. Multi-scale forest governance, deforestation, and violence in two regions of Guerrero, Mexico. World Development 39(4):611619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grafton, Q. 2000. Governance of the Commons: a role for the state? Land Economics 76(4):504517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hajjar, R., Oldekop, J. A., Cronkleton, P., et al. 2016. The data not collected on community forestry. Conservation Biology 30(6):13571362.Google Scholar
Hall, A. 2004. Extractive Reserves: Building Natural Assets in the Brazilian Amazon. Amherst, MA: Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Holland, M. B., de Koning, F., Morales, M., et al. 2014. Complex tenure and deforestation: implications for conservation incentives in the Ecuadorian Amazon. World Development 55:2136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaimowitz, D. 2015. Indigenous peoples and deforestation in Latin America. Pages 167176 in Martin, C., editor. On the Edge: The State and Fate of the World's Tropical Rainforests. Greystone Books Ltd.Google Scholar
Larson, A. M. and Springer, J.. 2016. Recognition and Respect for Tenure Rights. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.Google Scholar
Macqueen, D. 2013. Enabling conditions for successful community forest enterprises. Small-Scale Forestry 12(1):145163.Google Scholar
Min-Venditti, A. A., Moore, G. W. and Fleischman, F.. 2017. What policies improve forest cover? A systematic review of research from Mesoamerica. Global Environmental Change 47:2127.Google Scholar
Nelson, A. and Chomitz, K. M.. 2011. Effectiveness of strict vs. multiple use protected areas in reducing tropical forest fires: a global analysis using matching methods. PLoS ONE 6(8): Article e22722.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nolte, C., Agrawal, A., Silvius, K. M. and Soares-Filho, B. S.. 2013. Governance regime and location influence avoided deforestation success of protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110(13):49564961.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Notess, L., Veit, P., Monterroso, I., et al. 2018. The Scramble for Land Rights: Reducing Inequity between Communities and Companies. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.Google Scholar
Pagdee, A., Kim, Y. and Daugherty, P. J.. 2006. What makes community forest management successful: a meta-study from community forests throughout the world. Society & Natural Resources 19(1):3352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pelletier, J., Gélinas, N. and Skutsch, M.. 2016. The place of community forest management in the REDD+ landscape. Forests 7(8):124.Google Scholar
Peluso, N. L. 1993. Coercing conservation? Global Environmental Change 3(2):199217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Persha, L., Fischer, H., Chhatre, A., Agrawal, A. and Benson, C.. 2010. Biodiversity conservation and livelihoods in human-dominated landscapes: forest Commons in South Asia. Biological Conservation 143(12):29182925.Google Scholar
Porter-Bolland, L., Ellis, E. A., Guariguata, M. R., et al. 2012. Community managed forests and forest protected areas: an assessment of their conservation effectiveness across the tropics. Forest Ecology and Management 268:617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PRISMA. 2014. Pueblos Indígenas y comunidades rurales defendiendo derechos territoriales: Estudios de caso sobre experiencias el narcotráfico y el crimen organizado. San Salvador: PRISMA-Alianza Mesoamericana de Pueblos y Bosques.Google Scholar
PRISMA. 2017. Lessons on Mesoamerican Community Forestry. San Salvador.Google Scholar
Radachowsky, J., Ramos, V. H., McNab, R., Baur, E. H. and Kazakov, N.. 2012. Forest concessions in the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala: a decade later. Forest Ecology and Management 268:1828.Google Scholar
Robinson, B. E., Holland, M. B. and Naughton-Treves, L.. 2015. Does secure land tenure save forests? A review of the relationship between land tenure and tropical deforestation. Global Environmental Change 29:281293.Google Scholar
Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI). 2012. What Rights? A Comparative Analysis of Developing Countries’ National Legislation on Community and Indigenous Peoples’ Forest Tenure Rights. Washington, DC: Rights and Resources Initiative.Google Scholar
Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI). 2014. What Future for Reform? Progress and Slowdown in Forest Tenure Reform Since 2002. Washington, DC: Rights and Resources Initiative. http://doi.org/10.1038/232146a0Google Scholar
Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI). 2018. At a Crossroads: Consequential Trends in Recognition of Community-Based Forest Tenure. Washington, DC: Rights and Resources Initiative.Google Scholar
Sayer, J. and Margules, C.. 2017. Biodiversity in locally managed lands. Land 6(2): Article 41.Google Scholar
Schlager, E. and Ostrom, E.. 1992. Property-rights regimes and natural resources: a conceptual analysis. Land Economics 68(3):249262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schreckenberg, K. and Luttrell, C.. 2009. Participatory forest management: a route to poverty reduction? International Forestry Review 11(2):221238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schuster, R., Germain, R., Bennett, J., et al. 2018. Biodiversity on Indigenous lands equals that in protected areas. BioRxiv (Preprint Server for Biology). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1101/321935Google Scholar
Scott, J. C. 1998. Seeing like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Seymour, F., La Vina, T. and Hite, K.. 2014. Evidence Linking Community-Level Tenure and Forest Condition: An Annotated Bibliography. Washington, DC: Climate and Land Use Alliance.Google Scholar
Siswanto, W. and Wardojo, W.. 2005. Decentralization of the forestry sector: Indonesia’s experience. Pages 141151 in Colfer, C. and Capistrano, D., editors. The Politics of Decentralization: Forests, Power and People. London, UK: Earthscan.Google Scholar
Stevens, C., Winterbottom, R., Springer, J. and Reytar, K.. 2014. Securing Rights, Combating Climate Change. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.Google Scholar
Stocks, A., McMahan, B. and Taber, P.. 2007. Indigenous, colonist, and government impacts on Nicaragua’s Bosawas reserve. Conservation Biology 21(6):14951505.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sunderlin, W. D., Hatcher, J. and Liddle, M.. 2008. From Exclusion to Ownership? Challenges and Opportunities in Advancing Forest Tenure Reform. Washington, DC: Rights and Resources Initiative.Google Scholar
Trosper, R. 2009. Resilience, Reciprocity and Ecological Economics. London, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Velho, N., Sreekar, R. and Laurance, W.. 2016. Terrestrial species in protected areas and community-managed lands in Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India. Land 5(4): Article 35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, S., Van Kooten, G. C. and Wilson, B.. 2004. Mosaic of reform: forest policy in post-1978 China. Forest Policy and Economics 6(1):7183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wily, L. A. 2011. The Tragedy of Public Lands: The Fate of the Commons under Global Commercial Pressure. Commercial Pressures on Land. Rome: International Land Coalition. Available at: www.landcoalition.org/sites/default/files/publication/895/WEB_WILY_Commons_final_layout.pdfGoogle Scholar
Wily, L. A. 2018. Collective land ownership in the 21st century: overview of global trends. Land 7(2): Article 68.Google Scholar
WRI. (n.d.). Democratic Republic of the Congo Enables Forest-Based Communities to Secure Land Rights. Available at: www.wri.org/our-work/top-outcome/democratic-republic-congo-enables-forest-based-communities-secure-land-rightsGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×