Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 11
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
December 2021
Print publication year:
2022
Online ISBN:
9781009064521
Subjects:
Archaeology, Egyptology

Book description

This Element provides a new evaluation of burial customs in New Kingdom Egypt, from about 1550 to 1077 BC, with an emphasis on burials of the wider population. It also covers the regions then under Egyptian control: the Southern Levant and the area of Nubia as far as the Fourth Cataract. The inclusion of foreign countries provides insights not only into the interaction between the centre of the empire and its conquered regions, but also concerning what is typically Egyptian and to what extent the conquered regions were culturally influenced. It can be shown that burials in Lower Nubia closely follow those in Egypt. In the southern Levant, by contrast, cemeteries of the period often yield numerous Egyptian objects, but burial customs in general do not follow those in Egypt.

References

Adams, William Y. (1984). ‘The First Colonial Empire: Egypt in Nubia, 3200–1200 BC’, Comparative Studies in Society and History 26(1): 3671.
Aldred, Cyril. (1971). Jewels of the Pharaohs: Egyptian Jewellery of the Dynastic Period. Thames and Hudson: London.
Andrews, Carol. (1994). Amulets of Ancient Egypt. British Museum Press: London.
Arnold, Dieter. (1976). Gräber des Alten und Mittlerewn Reiches in El-Tarif. von Zabern: Mainz.
Arnold, Dieter (2002). The Pyramid Complex of Senwosret III at Dahshur Architectural Studies. The Metropolitan Museum of Art: New York.
Assmann, Jan. (1987). ‘Priorität und Interesse: Das Problem der Ramessidischen Beamtengräber’, in Assmann, Jan, Burkard, Günter and Davies, Vivian (eds.), Problems and Priorities in Egyptian Archaeology. KPI: London and New York, 3141.
Assmann, Jan. (2001). Death and Salvation in Ancient Egypt. Cornell University Press: Ithaca and London.
Auenmüller, Johannes Stefan, G. (2014). ‘The Location of New Kingdom Elite Tombs: Space, Place and Significance’, in Debowska-Ludwin, Joanna, Jucha, Mariusz A. and Kołodziejczyk, Piotr (eds.), Proceedings of the Sixth Central European Conference of Egyptologists. Egypt 2012: Perspectives of Research, SAAC 18, 2014, Studies in Art and Civilization 18: 171–93.
Baines, John. (2006). ‘Display of Magic in Old Kingdom Egypt’, in Szpakowska, Kasia (ed.), Through a Glass Darkly: Magic, Dreams and Prophecy in Ancient Egypt. Classical Press of Wales: Swansea, 132.
Baines, John (2009). ‘Modelling the Integration of Elite and other Social Groups in Old Kingdom Egypt’, in García, Juan Carlos Moreno (ed.), Élites et pouvoir en Égypte ancienne, CRIPEL 29: 117–44.
Baines, John and Lacovara, Peter. (2002). ‘Burial and the Dead in Ancient Egyptian Society’, Journal of Social Archaeology 2(1): 536.
Ben-Arieh, Sarah. (2004). Bronze and Iron Age Tombs at Tell Beit Mirsim. Israel Antiquities Authority: Jerusalem.
Blanton, Richard and Fargher, Lane. (2008). Collective Action in the Formation of Pre-Modern States. Springer: New York.
Böhme, Isa. (2019). ‘Botschafter der kosmischen Ordnung Thot, Geb, Horus und Dunanui und Tb 161 auf den privaten Sarkophagen des Neuen Reiches’, in Brose, Marc et al. (eds), En détail: Philologie und Archäologie im Diskurs Festschrift für Hans-W. Fischer-Elfert, ZÄS Supplement 7, de Gruyter: Berlin, 103–31.
Borchardt, Ludwig. (1909). Das Grabdenkmal des Königs Nefer-ír-ke-re. Hinrichs: Leipzig.
Bosmajian, Haig A. (1969). ‘The Language of White Racism’, College English 31(3): 263–72.
Bourriau, Janine. (1981). Pottery from the Nile Valley before the Arab Conquest. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Bourriau, Janine and Millard, Anne. (1971). ‘The Excavation of Sawâma in 1914 by G. A. Wainwright and T. Whittemore’, JEA 57: 2857.
Braunstein, Susan L. (2011). ‘The Meaning of Egyptian-Style Objects in the Late Bronze Cemeteries of Tell el-Farʿah (South)’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 364: 1–36.
Brunton, Guy. (1930). Qau and Badari III. Bernard Quaritch: London.
Brunton, Guy. (1948). Matmar. Bernard Quaritch: London.
Brunton, Guy and Engelbach, Reginald. (1927). Gurob. Bernard Quaritch: London.
Bruyère, Bernard. (1929). Rapport sur les fouilles de Deir El Médineh (1928). Institut français d’archéologie orientale: Cairo.
Bruyère, Bernard (1937). Rapport sur les fouilles de Deir el Médineh: 1933–1934. La Nécropole de l’Ouest. Institut français d’archéologie orientale: Cairo.
Budka, Julia. (2017). ‘Pyramid Cemetery SAC5, Sai Island, Northern Sudan: An Update Based on Fieldwork from 2015–2017’, Ägypten und Levante 27: 107–30.
Casino, Emanuele. (2017). ‘Remarks on Ancient Egyptian Cartonnage Mummy Masks from the Late Old Kingdom to the End of the New Kingdom’, in Chyla, Julia M., Dębowska-Ludwin, Joanna, Rosińska-Balik, Karolina and Walsh, Carl (eds.), Current Research in Egyptology 2016, Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Symposium. Oxbow Books: Oxford and Philadelphia, 5673.
Cooney, Kathlyn M. (2011). ‘Changing Burial Practices at the End of the New Kingdom: Defensive Adaptations in Tomb Commissions, Coffin Commissions, Coffin Decoration, and Mummification’, JARCE 47: 344.
Cotelle-Michel, Laurence. (2004). Les sarcophages en terre cuite en Egypte et en Nubie, de l’époque prédynastique à l’époque romaine. Faton: Dijon.
Crist, Walter, Dunn-Vaturi, Anne-Elizabeth and Alex, de Voogt. (2016). Ancient Egyptians at Play: Board Games across Borders. Bloomsbury Academic: London.
Czerny, Ernst. (1999). Tell el-Dab’a IX, Eine Plansiedlung des frühen Mittleren Reiches. Austrian Academy of Sciences: Vienna.
Darnell, John Coleman and Manassa, Colleen. (2007). Tutankhamun’s Armies, Battle and Conquest during Ancient Egypt’s Late Eighteenth Dynasty. John Wiley: Hoboken, New Jersey.
D’Auria, Sue (1988). ‘Female Figure on a Bed’, in D’Auria, Sue, Lacovara, Peter and Roehrig, Catherine H. (eds.), Mummies and Magic: The Funerary Arts of Ancient Egypt. Museum of Fine Arts: Boston, 137, no. 74.
Davies, W. Vivian. (2013). ‘The Tomb of Sataimau at Hagr Edfu: An Overview’, British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan 20: 4780.
Dorman, Peter F. (2014). ‘Innovation at the Dawn of the New Kingdom’, in José Galán, Betsy M. Bryan and Dorman, Peter F. (eds.), Creativity and Innovation in the Reign of Hatshepsut. Oriental Institute Museum Publications 69, The Oriental Institute: Chicago, 16.
Dorman, Peter F. (2017). ‘The Origins and Early Development of the Book of the Dead’, in Scalf, Foy (ed.), Book of the Dead: Becoming God in Ancient Egypt. Oriental Institute Museum Publications 39, The Oriental Institute: Chicago, 2940.
Dothan, Trude. (1978). ‘Excavations at the Cemetery of Deir el-Balah’, Qedem 10: 1114.
Driaux, Delphine. (2019). ‘Toward a Study of the Poor and Poverty in Ancient Egypt: Preliminary Thoughts’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 30(1): 119.
Dunham, Dows and Jozef, M. Janssen. (1960). Second Cataract Forts I. Semna, Kumma. Museum of Fine Arts: Boston.
Dunham, Dows and Jozef, M. Janssen (1978). Zawiyet el Aryan: The Cemeteries Adjacent to the Layer Pyramid. Museum of Fine Arts: Boston.
Eliezer D. Oren. (1973). The Northern Cemetery of Beth Shan. Brill: Leiden.
Emerit, Sibylle and Elwart, Dorothée (2017). ‘La musique à Deir el-Medina: vestiges d’instruments et iconographie du temple ptolémaïque d’Hathor’, in Gaber, Hanane, Rizzo, Laurie Bazin and Servajean, Frédéric (eds.), À l’Œuvre on Connaît l’Artisan … de Pharaon! Silvana Editoriale: Milan, 131–7.
Emery, Walter B. (1961). Archaic Egypt. Harmondsworth and Baltimore: Penguin.
Engelbach, Reginald. (1915). Riqqeh and Memphis IV, School of Archaeology in Egypt. Bernard Quaritch: London.
Engelbach, Reginald (1923). Harageh. Bernard Quaritch: London.
Firth, Cecil, M. and Gunn, Battiscombe. (1926). Teti Pyramid Cemeteries I: Text. L’institute François d’archaéologie Orientale: Cairo.
Fitzenreiter, Martin. (2004). ‘Identität als Bekenntnis und Anspruch: Notizen zum Grab des Pennut (Teil IV)’, Der Antike Sudan MittSAG15: 169–93.
Frankfort, Henri J. D. and John, D. Pendlebury, S.. (1933). The City of Akhenaten, Part II, The North Suburb and the Desert Altars: The Excavations at Tell el Amarna, during the Seasons 1926–1932. Egypt Exploration Society, Oxford University Press: London.
Franzmeier, Henning. (2014). ‘News from Parahotep: the small finds from his tomb at Sedment rediscovered’, JEA 100: 151–79.
Franzmeier, Henning (2017a). Die Gräberfelder von Sedment im Neuen Reich, I. Brill: Leiden and Boston.
Franzmeier, Henning (2017b). Die Gräberfelder von Sedment im Neuen Reich, II. Brill: Leiden and Boston.
Friedman, Renée. (2007). ‘The Nubian Cemetery at Hierakonpolis, Egypt: Results of the 2007 Season’, Sudan & Nubia 11: 5762.
Galal, Ahmed and Aston, David. (2003). ‘New Kingdom Anthropoid Pottery Coffins from Kom Abu Rady and Sedment’, Jaarbericht van het vooraziatisch-egyptsich genootschap e Oriente Lux 37 (2001–2002): 127–80.
Galán, José M. (2014). ‘Preface’, in Galán, José M, Bryan, Betsy M. and Dorman, Peter F. (eds.), Creativity and Innovation in the Reign of Hatshepsut. Studies in Civilization, Oriental 69, The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago: Chicago, Illinois, viixii.
Gander, Manuela. (2009). ‘Materialimitationen Bemalte Gefäße aus Gräbern des Neuen Reiches aus dem Ägyptischen Museum und Papyrusssammlung Berlin’, Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur 38: 83–99, plates 25.
Gander, Manuela (2012). ‘Imitation of Materials in Ancient Egypt’, in Kóthay, Katalin Anna (ed.), Art and Society: Ancient and Modern Contexts of Egyptian Art, Proceedings of the International Conference held at the Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest, 13–15 May 2010, Museum of Fine Arts: Budapest 265–71.
Garstang, John. (1900). El Arábah: A Cemetery of the Middle Kingdom; Survey of the Old Kingdom Temenos; Graffiti from the Temple of Sety. Bernard Quaritch: London.
Garstang, John (1907). The Burial Customs of Ancient Egypt, as Illustrated by Tombs of the Middle Kingdom. Archibald Constable: London.
Gatto, Maria Carmela. (2021). ‘The A-Group and 4th Millennium BCE Nubia’, in Emberling, Geoff and Williams, Bruce Beyer (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia. Oxford University Press: New York, 125–42.
Rivka, Gonen. (1992). Burial Patterns and Cultural Diversity in Late Bronze Age Canaan. Eisenbrauns: Winoan Lake, Indiana.
Graefe, Erhart. (2007). Die Doppelgrabanlage “M” aus dem Mittleren Reich unter TT 196 im Tal el-Asasif in Theben-West. Aegyptiaca Monasteriensia 5. Shaker: Aachen.
Grajetzki, Wolfram. (2003). Burial Customs in Ancient Egypt. Duckworth: London.
Grajetzki, Wolfram (2007). ‘Multiple Burials in Ancient Egypt to the End of the Middle Kingdom’, in Grallert, Silke and Grajetzki, Wolfram (eds.), Life and Afterlife in Ancient Egypt during the Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period. Golden House Publications: London, 1634.
Grajetzki, Wolfram (2010). The Coffin of Zemathor and Other Rectangular Coffins of the Late Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period. Golden House Publications: London.
Grajetzki, Wolfram (2014a). ‘The Tomb of Khnumhotep at Rifeh’, in Dodson, Aidan, Johnston, John and Monkhouse, Wendy (eds.), A Good Scribe and Exceedingly Wise Man: Studies in Honour of W. J. Tait. Golden House Publications: London, 100–11.
Grajetzki, Wolfram (2014b). Tomb Treasures of the Late Middle Kingdom: The Archaeology of Female Burials. University of Pennsylvania Press: Philadelphia.
Grajetzki, Wolfram (2016). ‘An Early New Kingdom Coffin from Abydos’, Égypte Nilotique et Méditerranéenne 9, 4763 (www.enim-egyptologie.fr/index.php?page=enim-9&n=5 retrieved 08/02/2020).
Grajetzki, Wolfram (2020a). The People of the Cobra Province in Egypt: A Local History, 4500 to 1500 BC. Oxbow: Oxford and Philadelphia.
Grajetzki, Wolfram (2020b). ‘Die Friedhöfe des Neuen Reiches bei Rifeh’, Sokar 39: 98105.
Greenberg, Raphael. (2019). The Archaeology of the Bronze Age Levant. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge and New York.
Guy, Philip L. O. (1938). Megiddo Tombs. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Publications XXXIII. The University of Chicago Press: Chicago, Illinois.
Gzella, Holger. (2014). ‘Peoples and Languages of the Levant During the Bronze and Iron Ages’, in Killebrew, Ann E. and Steiner, Margreet (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant: c. 8000–332 BCE. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2434.
Hafsaas, Henriette. (2021). ‘The C-Group People in Lower Nubia: Cattle Pastoralists on the Frontier between Egypt and Kush’, in Emberling, Geoff and Williams, Bruce Beyer (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 159–77.
Helmbold-Doyé, Jana and Seiler, Anne. (2019). Die Keramik aus dem Friedhof S/SA von Aniba (Unternubien). De Gruyter: Berlin and Boston.
Hermann, Alfred. (1935). ‘Das Grab eines Nakhtmin in Unternubien’, MDAIK 6: 140.
Hornung, Erik, Krauss, Rolf and Warburton, David A.. (2006). Ancient Egyptian Chronology, Handbook of Oriental Studies I (83). Brill: Leiden and Boston.
Hulková, Lucia. (2013). ‘Ein ramessidischer Friedhof zwischen Tell el-Dab’a und cEzbet Helmi’. Vienna. online thesis of the University Vienna http://othes.univie.ac.at/25386/ (retrieved 23/ 04/2017).
Ikram, Salima and Dodson, Aidan. (1998). The Mummy in Ancient Egypt, Equipping the Dead for Eternity. Thames and Hudson: London.
Janák, Jiří. (2013). ‘Akh’, in Dieleman, Jacco and Wendrich, Willeke (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz002gc1 pn (retrieved 15/06/21).
Jansen-Winkeln, Karl. (2002). ‘Ägyptische Geschichte im Zeitalter der Wanderungen von Seevölkern und Libyen’, in Eva Andrea, Braun-Holzinger and Mathäus, Hartmut (eds.), Die nahöstlichen Kulturen und Griechenland an der Wende vom 2. zum 1. Jahrtausend. Kontinuität und Wandel von Strukturen und Mechanismen kultureller Interaktion. Bibliopolis: Paderborn, 123–42.
Janssen, Jac. J. (1975). ‘Economic History during the New Kingdom’, SAK 3, 127–85.
Jéquier, Gustave. (1933). Deux pyramides du Moyen Empire. L’Institut Français d’archéologie Orientale: Cairo.
Jéquier, Gustave .(1940). Le Monument Funéraire de Pepi II. Tome III, Les Approches du Temple. L’Institut Français, d’archéologie Orientale: Cairo.
Jirásková, Lucie. (2015). ‘Damage and Repairs of the Old Kingdom Canopic Jars: The Case at Abusir’, Prague Egyptological Studies: 7685.
Kampp-Seyfried, Friederike. (2003). ‘The Theban Necropolis: An Overview of Topography and Tomb Development from the Middle Kingdom to the Ramesside Period’, in Strudwick, Nigel and Taylor, John H. (eds.), The Theban Necropolis: Past, Present and Future. The British Museum Press: London, 210.
Kenyon, Kathleen M. (1960). Excavations at Jericho – Volume I, Tombs Excavated in 1952–4. School of Archaeology in Jerusalem: London.
Kemp, Barry. (2013). The City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti, Amarna and its People. Thames and Hudson: London.
Killebrew, Ann E. (2005). Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity: An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, and Early Israel, 1300–1100 BCE. Society of Biblical Literature Archaeology and Biblical Studies 9, Society of Biblical Literature: Atlanta, Georgia.
Lakomy, Konstantin C. (2016). Der Löwe auf dem Schlachtfeld, Das Grab KV 36 und die Bestattung des Mairherperi im Tal der Könige. Reichert: Wiesbaden.
Lemos, Rennan. (2017). ‘Material Culture and Social Interactions in New Kingdom Non-Elite Cemeteries’, in Chyla, Julia M., Dębowska-Ludwin, Joanna, Rosińska-Balik, Karolina and Walsh, Carl (eds.), Current Research in Egyptology 2016 Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Symposium Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland 4–7 May 2016, Oxbow Books: Oxford and Philadelphia.
Lemos, Rennan .(2020). ‘Material Culture and Colonization in Ancient Nubia: Evidence from the New Kingdom Cemeteries’, in Smith, Claire (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Global Archaeology. Springer: New York.
Lilyquist, Christine. (2003). The Tomb of Three Foreign Wives of Thutmosis III. Yale University Press: New Haven and London.
Loat, Leonard. (1905). ‘Gurob’, together with Margaret Murray. Saqqara Mastabas, part I–II. British School of Archaeology in Egypt and B. Quaritch: London.
Maspero, Gaston. (1895). Manual of Egyptian Archaeology and Guide to the Study of Antiquities in Egypt, trans. Edwards, Amelia B.. Grevel, H. : London.
Milde, Henk. (2012). ‘Shabtis’, in Willeke Wendrich (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz002bwv0z (retrived 17/ 06/2021).
Minault-Gout, Anne and Thill, Florence. (2012). Saï II, Les cimetière des tombes hypogées du Nouvel Empire, Texte, Planches, FIFAO 69. Institut français d’archéologie orientale: Cairo.
Miniaci, Gianluca. (2011). Rishi Coffins and the Funerary Culture of Second Intermediate Period Egypt. GHP Egyptology 17. Golden House Publications: London.
Miniaci, Gianluca .(2014). ‘The Case of the Third Intermediate Period “Shabti-Maker (?) of the Amun Domain” Diamun/Padiamun and the Change in Conception of Shabti Statuettes’, JEA 100: 245–73.
Miniaci, Gianluca .(2019). ‘Burial Demography in the Late Middle Kingdom: A Social Perspective’. in Rune Nyord (ed.), Concepts in Middle Kingdom Funerary Culture: Proceedings of the Lady Wallis Budge Anniversary Symposium held at Christ’s College, Cambridge, 22 January 2016. Peeters: Leiden and Boston: 117–49.
Moskos, George. (1984). ‘Marguerite Duras’s “Moderato Cantabile”’, Contemporary Literature, 25(1) : 2852.
Mumford, Gregory. (2006). ‘Egypt’s New Kingdom Levantine Empire and Serabit el-Khadim, Including a Newly Attested Votive Offering of Horemheb’, Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities 33: 159203.
Munro, Irmtraut. (1988). Untersuchungen zu den Totenbuch-Papyri der 18. Dynastie. Keagan and Paul: London New York.
Münch, Hans-Hubertus. (2000). ‘Categorizing Archaeological Finds: The Funerary Material of Queen Hetepheres I at Giza’, Antiquity 74(286): 898908.
Näser, Claudia. (2001). ‘Zur Interpration funerärer Praktiken im Neuen Reich: Der Ostfriedhof von Deir el-Medine’, in Arnst, Caris-Beatrice, Hafemann, Ingelore and Lohwasser, Angelika (eds.), Begegnungen, Antike Kulture im Niltal. Helkmar Wodkte und Katharina Stegbauer: Leipzig, 373–98.
Näser, Claudia .(2013). ‘Equipping and Stripping the Dead’, in Stutz, Liv Nilsson and Tarlow, Sarah (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 643–61.
Näser, Claudia .(2017). ‘Structures and Realities of the Egyptian Presence in Lower Nubia from the Middle Kingdom to the New Kingdom: the Egyptian cemetery S/SA at Aniba’, in Spencer, Neal, Stevens, Anna and Michaela Binder (eds.), Nubia in the New Kingdom: Lived Experience, Pharaonic Control and Indigenous Traditions. Proceedings of the July 2013 Conference at the British Museum. BMPES 3. Peeters: Leuven, 557–74.
Niwiński, Andrzej. (1988). 21st Dynasty Coffins from Thebes, Chronological and Typological Studies. Theben 5. von Zabern: Mainz.
Niwiński, Andrzej .(2014). ‘Did the Pat-People and the Rekhyt-People have Different Burial Ceremonies?’, in Jucha, Mariusz A., Joanna, D, Bowska-Ludwin and Kołodziejczyk, Piotr (eds.), Aegyptus Imago Caelo. Studies presented to Krzysztof M. Ciałowicz on his 60th Birthday. Jagiellonian University in Kraków: Kraków, 253–60.
Nyord, Rune. (2017). ‘“An Image of the Owner as He Was on Earth”: Representation and Ontology in Middle Kingdom Funerary Images’, in Miniaci, Gianluca, Betrò, Marilina and Quirke, Stephen (eds.), Company of Images: Modelling the Imaginary World of Middle Kingdom Egypt (2000–1500 BC). Peeters: Leuven, Paris, Bristol, CT, 337–59.
Nyord, Rune .(2018). ‘“Taking Ancient Egyptian Mortuary Religion Seriously”: Why Would We, and How Could We?’, Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 17 (March): 7387.
Odler, Martin. (2015). ‘Copper Model Tools in Old Kingdom Female Burials’, in Pinarello, Massimiliano S., Yoo, Justin, Lundock, Jason and Walsh, Carl (eds.), Current Research in Egyptology 2014. Oxbow: Oxford: 3958.
Oren, Eliezer D. (1973). The Northern Cemetery of Beth Shan. Brill: Leiden
Otto, Eberhard. (1975). ‘Ach’, in Helck, Wolfgang and Otto, Eberhard (eds.), Lexikon der Ägyptologie I. Otto Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden, 4951.
van Pelt, W. Paul. (2013). ‘Revising Egypto-Nubian Relations in New Kingdom Lower Nubia: From Egyptianization to Cultural Entanglement’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 23(3): 523–50.
Petrie, W. M. Flinders. (1890). Kahun, Gurob, and Hawara. Trench, Trübner: London.
Petrie, W. M. .(1891). Illahun, Kahun and Gurob. David Nutt: London.
Petrie, W. M. .(1907). Gizeh and Rifeh. British School of Archaeology in Egypt, Bernard Quaritch: London.
Petrie, W. M. .(1914). Amulets. Constable: London.
Petrie, W. M. .(1930). Beth-Pelet I (Tell Fara). Publications of the Egyptian Research Account 48, Bernard Quaritch: London.
Petrie, William M. Flinders and Guy Brunton. (1924). Sedment II. British School of Archaeology in Egypt, Bernard Quaritch: London.
Petrie, Flinders W. M., Wainwright, G. A. and Mackay, E.. (1912). The Labyrinth, Gerzeh and Mazghuneh. British School of Archaeology in Egypt. Bernard Quaritch: London.
Cornelius, von Pilgrim. (2021). ‘Middle Kingdom Settlement Geography at the First Cataract’, in Jiménez-Serrano, Alejandro and Morales, Antonio J. (eds.), Middle Kingdom Palaces Culture and Its Echoes in the Provinces. Harvard Egyptological Studies 12, Brill: Leiden and Boston, 393416.
Pinarello, Massimiliano Samuele. (2015). An Archaeological Discussion of Writing Practice: Deconstruction of the Ancient Egyptian Scribe. GHP Egyptology 23. Golden House Publications: London.
Pinch, Geraldine. (2003). ‘Redefining Funerary Objects’, in Hawass, Zahi and Brock, Lyla Pinch (eds.), Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty-first Century: Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Egyptologists Cairo, 2000, 2 History Religion. The American University in Cairo Press: Cairo and New York, 443–7.
Polz, Daniel. (1991). ‘Die Särge aus Schacht 2 der Grabanlage’, in Assmann, Jan, Das Grab des Amenemope (TT41). von Zabern: Mainz, 244–67.
Polz, Daniel .(1995). ‘Bericht über die 4. und 5. Grabungskampagne in der Nekropole von Dra’ Abu el-Naga/Theben West’, MDAIK 51: 207–25.
Poole, Frederico. (1999). ‘Social Implications of the Shabti Customs in the New Kingdom’, in Pirelli, Rosanna (ed.), Egyptological Studies for Claudio Barocas. Istituto Universitario Orientale: Naples, 95113.
Porten, Bezalel (ed.). (2011). The Elephantine Papyri in English. Documenta et Monumenta Orientis Antiqui, vol 22. Brill: Atlanta.
Wegner, Pouls, Mary-Ann. (2015). ‘Anthropoid Clay Coffins of the Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age in Egypt and the Near East: A Re-Evaluation of the Evidence from Tell El-Yahudiya’, in Harrison, Timothy P., Banning, Edward B. and Klassen, Stanley (eds.), Walls of the Prince: Egyptian Interactions with Southwest Asia in Antiquity. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East, vol. 77. Brill: Leiden and Boston: 292315.
Prell, Silvia. (2019). ‘Burial Customs as Cultural Marker: A “Global” Approach’, in Bietak, Manfred and Prell, Silvia (eds.), The Enigma of the Hyksos, volume I: ASOR conference Boston 2017 – ICAANE conference Munich 2018 – Collected papers. Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden, 124–47.
Quack, Joachim Friedrich. (2009). ‘Grab und Grabausstattung im späten Ägypten’, in Berlejung, Angelika and Janowski, Bernd (eds.), Tod und Jenseits im alten Israel und in seiner Umwelt, Forschungen zum Alten Testament 64. Mohr Siebeck: Tübingen, 597–62.
Quirke, Stephen. (2005). ‘Gaming-Board Squares’, in Trope, Betsy Teasley, Quirke, Stephen and Lacocara, Peter (eds.), Excavating Egypt. Michael C. Carlos Museum, Atlanta, 126–7. no. 95.
Quirke, Stephen .(2013). Going out in Daylight – prt m hrw: The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead – Translation, Sources, Meanings. GHP Egyptology 20. Golden House Publications: London.
David, Randall-Maciver and Mace, Arthur C.. (1902). El Amrah and Abydos, 1899–1901. Egypt Exploration Fund: London.
Randall-Maciver, David and Woolley, Leonard C.. (1911). Buhen (2 volumes: Text, Plates). University Museum Philadelphia: Philadelphia.
Raven, Maarten J. (2005). ‘Egyptian Concepts on the Orientation of the Human Body’, JEA 91: 3753.
Richards, Janet. (2005). Society and Death in Ancient Egypt: Mortuary Landscape of the Middle Kingdom. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Rogge, Eva. (1988a). ‘Face from a Mummy Mask’, in D’Auria, Sue, Lacovara, Peter and Roehrig, Catherine H. (eds.), Mummies and Magic: The Funerary Arts of Ancient Egypt. Museum of Fine Arts: Boston, 132, no. 65.
Rogge, Eva. (1988b). ‘Face from a Mummy Mask’, in D’Auria, Sue, Peter Lacovara, Catherine H. Roehrig (eds.), Mummies and Magic: The Funerary Arts of Ancient Egypt. Museum of Fine Arts: Boston, 132–3, no. 66.
Roth, Ann Macy. (1988). ‘Tomb Group of a Woman’, in D’Auria, Sue, Peter Lacovara, Catherine H. Roehrig (eds.), Mummies and Magic: The Funerary Arts of Ancient Egypt. Museum of Fine Arts: Boston, 76–7, no. 6.
Saleh, Mohamed and Sourouzian, Hourig. (1987). Official Catalogue, The Egyptian Museum Cairo. von Zabern: Mainz.
Sartini, Lisa. (2015). ‘The Black Coffins with Yellow Decoration: A Typological and Chronological Study’. Egitto e Vicino Oriente 28: 4966.
Säve-Söderbergh, Torgny and Troy, Lana. (1991). New Kingdom Pharaonic Sites: The Finds and the Sites. The Scandinavian Joint Expedition to Sudanese Nubia vols 5:2 and 5: 3. Almqvist and Wiksell: Uppsala.
el-Sawi, Ahmed. (1979). Excavations at Tell Basta, Report of Seasons 1967–1971 and Catalogue of Finds. Charles University: Prague.
Schäfer, Heinrich. (1908). Priestergräber und andere Grabfunde von Ende des Altens Reichs bis zur griechischen Zeit vom Totentempel des Ne-use-rê. J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung: Leipzig.
Schneider, Hans D. (2012). The Tomb of Iniuia. Brepols: Tunhout.
Seger, Joe D. (1988). Gezer V: The Field I Caves. Ben-Zvi Printing Enterprises: Jerusalem.
Seidlmayer, Stephan. (1990). Gräberfelder aus dem Übergang vom Alten zum Mittleren Reich. SAGA 1, Heidelberger Orientverlag: Heidelberg.
Seidlmayer, Stephan .(2001). ‘Die Ikonographie des Todes’, in Willems, Harco (ed.), Social Aspects of Funerary Culture in the Egyptian Old and Middle Kingdoms: Proceedings of the International Symposium Held at Leiden University 6–7 June, 1996. Peeters: Leuven, 205–52.
Seidlmayer, Stephan .(2006). ‘Der Beitrag der Gräberfelder zur Siedlungsarchäologie Ägyptens’, in Ernst Czerny, Irmgard Hein, Hermann Hunger, Dagmar Melman and Angela Schwab (eds.), Timelines: Studies in Honour of Manfred Bietak, vol. I, Peeters: Leuven, Paris, Dudley, MA, 309–16.
Seidlmayer, Stephan .(2007). ‘People at Beni Hassan: Contributions to a Model of Ancient Egyptian Rural Society’, in Hawass, Zahi A. and Richards, Janet (eds.), The Archaeology and Art of Ancient Egypt: Essays in Honor of David B. O’Connor 2. Supreme Council of Antiquities: Cairo, 351–68.
Serpico, Margaret. (2008). ‘Sedment’, in Picton, Jan and Pridden, Ivor (eds.), Unseen Images, Archive Photographs in the Petrie Museum, Volume I: Gurob, Sedment and Tarkhan. Golden House Publications: London, 99180.
Smith, Mark. (2017). Following Osiris: Perspectives on the Osirian Afterlife from Four Millennia. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Smith, Stuart Tyson. (1992). ‘Intact Theban tombs of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Dynasties from Thebes and the New Kingdom Burial System’, MDAIK 48: 193231.
Smith, Stuart Tyson .(2003). Wretched Kush: Ethnic Identities and Boundaries in Egypt’s Nubian Empire. Routledge: London and New York.
Smith, Stuart Tyson .(2015). ‘Hekanefer and the Lower Nubian Princes Entanglement, Double Identity or Topos and Mimesis’, in Amstutz, Hans, Dorn, Andreas, Müller, Mathias, Ronsdorf, Miriam and Uljas, Sami (eds.), Fuzzy Boundaries, Festschrift für Antonio Loprieno, II. Widmaier: Hamburg: 767–79.
Smith, Stuart Tyson .(2020). ‘The Nubian Experience of Egyptian Domination During the New Kingdom’, in Emberling, Geoff and Williams, Bruce Beyer (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia, the New Kingdom. New York: Oxford University Press, 369–94.
Spence, Kate. (2019). ‘New Kingdom Tombs in Lower and Upper Nubia’, in Raue, Dietrich (ed.), Handbook of Ancient Nubia. De Gruyter: Berlin and Boston, 541–66.
Spencer, Neil. (2009). ‘Cemeteries and a Late Ramesside Suburb at Amara West’, Sudan & Nubia 13: 4762.
Staring, Nico. (2015). ‘Studies in the Saqqara New Kingdom Necropolis: From the Mid-19th Century Exploration of the Site to New Insights into the Life and Death of Memphite Officials, Their Tombs and the Use of Sacred Space’ (unpublished PhD). Sydney, Australia.
Stevens, Anna. (2017). ‘Death and the City: The Cemeteries of Amarna in their Urban Context’. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 28(1): 103–26.
Stevens, Anna (2018a). ‘Beyond Iconography: The Amarna Coffins in Social Context’, in Taylor, John H. and Vandenbeusch, Marie (eds.), Ancient Egyptian Coffins, Craft Traditions and Functionality, BMPES 4. Peeters: Leuven, Paris, Bristol, CT: 139–60.
Stevens, Anna (2020). ‘Excavations the North Desert Cemetery’, JEA 106(1–2): 37.
Stevens, Anna and Dabbs, Gretchen. (2017). ‘The North Tombs Cemetery Excavations and Skeletal Analysis’, JEA 103: 137–49.
Svizzero, Serge and Tisdell, Clement. (2014). ‘Inequality and Wealth Creation in Ancient History: Malthus’ Theory Reconsidered’, Economics and Sociology, 7(3): 222–39.
Svyantek, Daniel J., Mahoney, Kevin T. and Brown., Linda L (2002). ‘Diversity And Effectiveness in the Roman and Persian Empires’, The International Journal Of Organizational Analysis, 10(3): 260–83.
Stiebing, William Henry. (1970). Burial Practices in Palestine during the Bronze Age. University Microfilms: Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Taylor, John H. (2017). ‘The Coffins from Debeira: Regional Interpretations of New Kingdom Funerary Iconography’, in Spencer, Neil, Stevens, Anna and Binder, Michaela (eds.), Nubia in the New Kingdom: Lived Experience, Pharaonic Control and Indigenous Traditions. Peeters: Leuven, 537–56.
Tietze, Christian (1985). ‘Amarna: Analyse des Wohnhäuser und soziale Struktur der Stadtbewohner’, ZÄS 112: 4884.
Török, László. (2009). Between Two Worlds: The Frontier Region between Ancient Nubia and Egypt, 3700 BC–AD 500, Probleme der Ägyptologie 29. Brill: Leiden.
van den Brink, Edwin C. M. (2016). ‘Clay Coffin with Anthropoid Lid’, in Tor, Daphna Ben (ed.), Pharaohs in Canaan: The Untold Story. The Israel Museum: Jerusalem, 128–30, no. 51.
van den Brink, Edwin C. Ron Beeri, M. et al. (2017). ‘A Late Bronze Age II Clay Coffin from Tel Shaddud in the Central Jezreel Valley, Israel: Context and Historical Implications’, Levant 49(2): 105–35.
Carol, van Driel-Murray. (2000). ‘Leatherwork and Skin Products’, in Nicholson, Paul T. and Shaw, Ian (eds.), Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 299319.
Ventura, Raphael. (1987). ‘Four Egyptian Funerary Stelae from Deir el-Balaḥ’, Israel Exploration Journal 37(2/3): 105–15.
Vogt, Katharina. (2013). ‘Berufsbezogene Beigaben oder Status- und Prestigeobjekte? Kontextanalyse spezifischer Grabbeigaben aus nicht-königlichen Bestattungen des Neuen Reiches’. in Neunert, Gregor, Gabler, Kathrin, and Verbovsek, Alexandra (eds.), Nekropolen: Grab – Bild – Ritual. Beiträge des zweiten Münchner Arbeitskreises Junge Aegyptologie (MAJA 2), 2. bis 4. 12.2011. Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden: 233–52.
Wada, Koichiro. (2007). ‘Provincial Society and Cemetery Organization in the New Kingdom’, SAK 36: 347–89.
Wodzińska, Anna. (2010). A Manual of Egyptian Pottery, Volume 3: Second Intermediate Period–Late Period. Ancient Research Associates: Boston.
Weill, Raymond. (1938). ‘Ceux qui n’avaient pas de tombeau dans l’Égypte ancienne’, Revue del’histoire des religions, 118: 532.
Willems, Harco. (2014). Historical and Archaeological Aspects of Egyptian Funerary Culture. Brill: Leiden and Boston.
Williams, Bruce Beyer. (1992). New Kingdom Remains from Cemeteries R, V, S and W at Qustul and Cemetery K at Adindan. The Oriental Institute Chicago: Chicago.
Zillhardt, Ruth. (2009). Kinderbestattungen und die soziale Stellung des Kindes im alten Ägypten: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Ostfriedhofes von Deir el-Medine. Miszellen, Göttinger, Beihefte 6. Seminar für Ägyptologie und Koptologie der Universität Göttingen: Göttingen.
Zivie, Alain. (2003). Les tombeaux retrouvés de Saqqara. du Rocher: Paris.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.