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Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
April 2024
Print publication year:
2024
Online ISBN:
9781009374682
Creative Commons:
Creative Common License - CC Creative Common License - BY Creative Common License - NC Creative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/creativelicenses
Series:
Elements in Music and the City

Book description

This Element focuses on how music is experienced, articulated, and reclaimed in urban commercial environments. Special attention is paid to listeners, spaces, and music, co- and re-produced continuously in their triangular relationship affected by social, legal, economic, and technological factors. The study of the historical development of background music industries, construction of contemporary sonic environments, and individual meaning-making is based on extensive data gathered through interviews, surveys, and fieldwork, and supported by archival research. Due to the Finnish context and the ethnomusicological approach, this study is culture-sensitive, providing a fresh 'factory-to-consumer' perspective on a phenomenon generally understood as industry-lead, behavioral, and global. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Research Material

ACMESOCS Project Materials

Fieldwork notes of the project:

ACMEf/Joensuu: Joensuu city centre listening walks and mapping, 26 Oct 2019.
Participants: Salli Anttonen, Kaarina Kilpiö, Meri Kytö, Janette Leino, Henna-Riikka Peltola, Heikki Uimonen, and Juhana Venäläinen.
ACMEf/Kk: Koskikeskus mall field observations, 2–4 Mar 2020, Meri Kytö and Heikki Uimonen.
ACMEf/Christmas: Heard Christmas music during 1 Nov 2019–10 Jan 2020, crowdsourced field observations (fifty-four Facebook entries, twenty-seven Messenger messages, nineteen WhatsApp messages, fourteen Twitter posts), auto-ethnographic sound diaries (seventy-one days, Meri Kytö), three recorded listening walks.
ACMEf/Sex: Adult retail stores field material (Lahti field diaries, 2022, Kaarina Kilpiö).
ACMEf/Ad: Aurally diverse listener-consumers’ sound diaries, three participants, 2022–3.

Interviews conducted by project researchers (total: background music agency personnel (20), shopping centre directors (2), service sector personnel (10), radio programme directors (2), copyright organisation representatives (4), former sales secretaries and representatives in Finnish background music companies (6, conducted in 2005–6), aurally diverse listener-consumers (4), sex shop sales assistants/managers (3), gym instructor (1)).

ACMEi 2019a: head of audio branding, Bauer Media
ACMEi 2019b: Mall Voice (group interview)
ACMEi 2019c: shopping centre director
ACMEi 2020a: DjOnline (group interview)
ACMEi 2020b: Mood Media (group interview)
ACMEi 2020c: Audience First (group interview)
ACMEi 2020d: gym instructor
ACMEi 2021a: head of radio and audio, Yleisradio
ACMEi 2021b: content director, Radio Nova
ACMEi 2021c: chief digital officer, Teosto
ACMEi 2021d: Viihdeväylä (online group interview)
ACMEi 2022a: head of audio branding, Bauer Media
ACMEi 2022b: sex shop manager, born 1987
ACMEi 2022c: aurally diverse interviewee (sensoneurally challenged listener)
ACMEi 2022d: aurally diverse interviewee (hard-of-hearing hearing aid user)

Photographs by ACMESOCS project

ACMEp 2020: Photograph of background system 8-hour-long cassette, Audience First premises, photographer Heikki Uimonen.

Surveys conducted by the ACMESOCS project

ACMEs/Kk 2020: Employee survey conducted with shopkeepers, waiters, and cleaning personnel (n=70) in 2020 at the Koskikeskus mall, Tampere
ACMEs/Kk 2020a: respondent 17, female, born 1956, seamstress
ACMEs/Kk 2020b: respondent 2, female, born 1975, retail sector
ACMEs/PAM 2021: Service sector personnel online survey (n=747) conducted in 2021 in collaboration with the Finnish service workers’ union PAM. Data available at https://etsin.fairdata.fi/dataset/ef83edcd-1b90-4616-aedf-1d04ede8e746.
ACMEs/PAM 2021a: respondent 645, female, born 1967, grocery retail
ACMEs/PAM 2021b: respondent 85, female, born 1965, commercial, real estate
ACMEs/PAM 2021c: respondent 99, female, born 1974, retail sector
ACMEs/PAM 2021d: respondent 628, female, born 1984, hotel sector
ACMEs/PAM 2021e: respondent 271, male, born 1966, retail sector

Additional Research Material

Alko (2022). 5-4-3-2-1-0: Alkon historia. Alko. www.alko.fi/alko-oy/yritys/5-4-3-2-1-0#keskiolut%20kauppoihin (Accessed 14 Dec 2022).
City of Helsinki (1970). Tutkimusselostus N:o 8-70: Työpaikkamusiikin vaikutus. Helsingin kaupunginhallituksen järjestelytoimisto.
Gramex (2020). Sydämeeni joulun teen radioiden soitetuin kotimainen joululaulu. www.gramex.fi/sydameeni-joulun-teen-radioiden-soitetuin-kotimainen/3254/ (Accessed 12 Jan 2023).
GT Musiikkiluvat (2021). Jouluinen musiikki yrityksissä: näin erotut joukosta ja rakennat juhlatunnelmaa musiikilla. www.musiikkiluvat.fi/kuulokanavalla/nain-yritys-erottautuu-joulumusiikilla/ (Accessed 11 Jan 2023).
GT Musiikkiluvat (2022). About Us. www.musiikkiluvat.fi/en/about-us/ (Accessed 11 Jan 2023).
Helsingin Sanomat (1961). Taustamusiikkia työpaikoille. 12 Oct.
Helsingin Sanomat (1981). Yleisöltä [opinion piece]. 16 Jan.
Hietanoro, J. (2006). Interview of a former sales representative at Musiikki Fazer background music services, later M&M Viihdepalvelu. Interviewer Kaarina Kilpiö.
Lindén, K. (2006). Interview of a former Finnestrad sales director. Interviewer Kaarina Kilpiö.
Miettinen, J. (2006). Interview of a former background music salesman at Musiikki Fazer. Interviewer Kaarina Kilpiö.
The New Yorker (2006). The soundtrack of your life. www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/04/10/the-soundtrack-of-your-life (Accessed 14 Dec 2022).
Paukku, E. (2006). Interview of a former background music sales director. Interviewer Kaarina Kilpiö.
Sound Agency (2014). Sound agency. www.slideshare.net/thesoundagency/credentials-case-studies-the-sound-agency (Accessed 25 Jan 2023).
Uusi Suomi (1961). Muzag-musiikkia Suomeenkin. 13 Oct.

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