Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-45l2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T12:08:42.970Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part I - Theoretical Foundations of Intercultural Training

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2020

Dan Landis
Affiliation:
University of Hawaii, Hilo
Dharm P. S. Bhawuk
Affiliation:
University of Hawaii, Manoa
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Albert, R. D. (1983). The intercultural sensitizer or culture assimilator: A cognitive approach. In Landis, D. & Brislin, R. W. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training: Issues in training methodology (Vol. 2, pp. 186217). New York: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Allport, G. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (1990). Cross-cultural orientation programs. In Brislin, R. W. (Ed.), Applied cross-cultural psychology (pp. 325346). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2001a). Evolution of culture assimilators: Toward theory-based assimilators. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 25(2), 141163.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2001b). World Peace through Intercultural Understanding. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference of the International Academy of Intercultural Research on, International Perspectives on Race, Ethnicity, and Intercultural Relations, April 19–22, 2001, University of Mississippi, Oxford.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (1995). The role of culture theory in cross-cultural training: A comparative evaluation of culture-specific, culture-general, and theory-based assimilators. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (1996) Development of a culture theory-based assimilator: Applications of individualism and collectivism in cross-cultural training. Best Paper Proceedings (pp. 147–150) Academy of Management Annual conference, Cincinnati.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (1997). Leadership through Relationship Management: Using the Theory of Individualism and Collectivism. In Brislin, R. W. & Cushner, K. (Eds.), Improving intercultural interactions: Modules for cross-cultural training programs, (Vol. 2). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (1998). The role of culture theory in cross-cultural training: A multimethod study of culture-specific, culture-general, and culture theory-based assimilators. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29(5), 630655.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2000). Integrating research and practice: A framework for the study of diversity management. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Annual Conference, August 4–9, 2000, Toronto.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S., & Brislin, R. W. (1992). The measurement of intercultural sensitivity using the concepts of individualism and collectivism. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16, 413436.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S., & Brislin, R. W. (2000). Cross-cultural training: A review. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49(1), 162191.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S., & Layes, G. (2002). A synthesis of social expectancy theory, action theory, and learning theories in cross-cultural training: Toward a theory of disconfirmed expectations. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Meeting, 2002, Denver, CO.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S., & Triandis, H. C. (1996). Diversity in work place: Emerging corporate strategies. In Ferris, G. R. & Buckley, M. R. (Eds.), Human resource management: Perspectives, context, functions, and outcomes (3rd ed., pp. 8496). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Bonner, G. (1987). A theoretical analysis and development of the intercultural sensitizer as a tool for teacher education from a multicultural education perspective. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Houston.Google Scholar
Borgman, C. (1990). Editors introduction. In Borgman, C. L. (Ed.), Scholarly communication and bibliometrics (pp. 1027). Newbury Park, CA:Sage.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W. (1986). A culture general assimilator: Preparation for various types of sojourners. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 10, 215234.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W. (1994). Individualism and collectivism as the source of many specific cultural differences. In Brislin, R. W. & Yoshida, T. (Eds.), Improving intercultural interactions: Modules for cross-cultural training programs (pp. 7190). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., & Bhawuk, D. P. S. (1999). Cross-cultural training: Research and innovations. In Adamopolous, J. & Kashima, Y. (Eds.), Social psychology and cultural context: Contributions of Harry Triandis to cross-cultural psychology (pp. 205216). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., Cushner, K., Cherrie, C., & Yong, M. (1986). Intercultural interactions: A practical guide. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., & Pedersen, P. (1976). Cross-cultural orientation programs. New York, NY: Gardner.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., & Yoshida, T. (1994). Improving intercultural interactions: Modules for cross-cultural training programs. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broaddus, D. L. (1986). Use of the culture-general assimilator in intercultural training. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. The School of Graduate Studies, Indiana State University.Google Scholar
Campbell, D. T. (1969). Reforms as experiments. American Psychologist, 24(4), 409429.Google Scholar
Chemers, M. M., Lekhyananda, D., Fiedler, F. E., & Stolurow, L. M. (1966). Some effects of cultural training on leadership in heterocultural task groups. International Journal of Psychology, 1, 301314.Google Scholar
Church, A. T. (1982). Sojourner adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 91(3), 540572.Google Scholar
Crews, S. (1973) “Cultural naivete cited as cause of racial conflicts,” Chicago Tribune, June 24, p. 41.Google Scholar
Cushner, K. (1989). Assessing the impact of a culture-general assimilator. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 13, 125146.Google Scholar
Cushner, K., & Brislin, R. W. (1996). Intercultural interactions: A practical guide (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cushner, K., & Brislin, R. W. (Eds.). (1997). Improving intercultural interactions: Models for cross-cultural training programs, (Vol. 2). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Cushner, K., & Landis, D. (1966), The intercultural sensitizer. In Landis, D. & Bhagat, R. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (2nd ed., pp. 185202) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Detweiler, R. (1975). On inferring the intentions of a person from another culture. Journal of Personality, 43, 591611.Google Scholar
Earley, P. C., & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Fiedler, F. E., Mitchell, T. R., & Triandis, H. C. (1971). The culture assimilator: An approach to cross-cultural training. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55, 95102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fiske, A. P. (1990). Structures of social life: The four elementary forms of human relations. New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Flanagan, J. (1954). The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 51, 327358.Google Scholar
Goto, S. G. (1997). Majority and minority perspectives on cross-cultural interactions. In Granrose, C. S. & Oskamp, S. (Eds.), Cross-cultural work groups. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Hammer, M. R., Bennett, M. J., & Wiseman, R. (2003). Measuring intercultural sensitivity: The intercultural development inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27(4), 421443.Google Scholar
Harrison, J. K. (1992). Individual and combined effects of behavior modeling and the culture assimilator in cross-cultural management training. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 952962.Google Scholar
Hart, W. B. (1999). Interdisciplinary influences in the study of intercultural relations: A citation analysis. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 23(4), 575589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequence. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Hughes-Weiner, G. (1986). The “learning how to learn” approach to cross-cultural orientation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 10, 485505.Google Scholar
Iwao, K., & Triandis, H. C. (1986). Culture assimilator for Japanese visiting the United States. Illinois: Department of Psychology, University of Illinois.Google Scholar
Javidan, M., Hough, L., & Bullough, A. (2010). Conceptualizing and measuring global mindset®: Development of the global mindset inventory. Glendale, AZ: Thunderbird School of Global Management.Google Scholar
Kâğitçibaşi, Ç. (1994). A critical appraisal of individualism and collectivism: Toward a new formulation. In Kim, U. E., Triandis, H. C., Kâğitçibaşi, Ç. E., Choi, S. C. E., & Yoon, G. E. Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (pp. 5265). Orange County, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Kâğitçibaşi, Ç. (1997). Individualism and collectivism. In Berry, J. W., Segall, M. H., & Kâğitçibaşi, Ç. (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Social behavior and applications (Vol. 3, pp. 149). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Kehl, K., & Morris, J. (2008). Differences in global-mindedness between short-term and semester-long study abroad participants at selected private universities. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 15, 6779.Google Scholar
Landis, D., & Bhagat, R. (Eds.) (1996). Handbook of intercultural training (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Landis, D., & Brislin, R. (1983). Handbook of intercultural training (3 Vols.). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Landis, D., Brislin, R. W., & Hulgus, J. (1985). Attribution training versus contact in acculturative learning: A laboratory study 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 15(7), 466482.Google Scholar
Landis, D., Day, H. R., McGrew, P. L, Miller, A. B., & Thomas, J. A. (1976). Can a Black “culture assimilator” increase racial understanding? Journal of Social Issues, 32,169184.Google Scholar
Lievrouw, L. A. (1989). The invisible college reconsidered: Bibliometrics and the development of scientific communication theory. Communication Research, 16: 615628.Google Scholar
Lim, K., Bhawuk, D. P. S., Copeland, J, White, B., & Yoshida, W. (1999). Multimedia individualism and collectivism assimilator [CD-ROM]. Honolulu, HI: CIBER, University of Hawaii at Manoa.Google Scholar
McIlveen-Yarbro, C. L. (1988). An assessment of the ability of the culture-general assimilator to create sensitivity to multiculturalism in an educational setting. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Houston.Google Scholar
Parsons, T., Shils, E., & Smelser, N. (1951). Towards a general theory of action: Theoretical foundations for the social sciences. New York, NY: Harper Torchbooks.Google Scholar
Pressey, S. L. (1932). A third and fourth contribution toward the coming “Industrial Revolution” in education. School and Society, 36, 934.Google Scholar
Pritchard, A. (1969). Statistical bibliography or bibliometrics. Journal of Documentation, 25(4), 348349.Google Scholar
Ray, C., & Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2002). From ideas to market application: Dynamics of knowledge transfer and the role of champions. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Policy.Google Scholar
Rogers, E. M., & Hart, W. B. (1998). Edward T. Hall and the origins of the field of intercultural communication. National Communication Association, International and Intercultural Communication Division, New York.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In Zanna, M. (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 166). New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Beyond individualism and collectivism: New cultural dimensions of values. In Kim, U., Triandis, H. C., Kagitcibasi, C., Choi, S., Yoon, G. (Eds.), Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Skinner, B. F. (1954). The science of learning and the art of teaching. Harvard Educational Review, 24, 8697.Google Scholar
Skinner, B. F. (1986). Programmed instruction revisited. The Phi Delta Kappan, 68(2), 103110.Google Scholar
Strehlein, C. (2000). Perspective taking in intercultural interactions: Development and initial empirical evaluation of a model. Diplomarbeit als Teil der Diplomprufung fur Psychologen [Diploma thesis as part of the diploma exam for Psychology]. University of Regensburg, Germany.Google Scholar
Thomas, D. C. (1999). The expatriate experience: A critical review and synthesis. Advances in International Comparative Management, 12, 237273.Google Scholar
Thomas, D. C. (2006). Domain and development of cultural intelligence: The importance of mindfulness. Group & Organization Management, 31 (1), 7899.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tolbert, A. S. S. (1990). Venezuelan culture assimilator: Incidents designed for training US professionals conducting business in Venezuela. [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. University of Minnesota.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1975). Culture training, cognitive complexity, and interpersonal attitudes. In Brislin, R. W., Bochner, S., & Lonner, W. (Eds.), Cross-cultural perspectives on learning (pp. 3977). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1977). Theoretical framework for evaluation of cross-cultural training effectiveness. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 1, 1945.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1984). A theoretical framework for the more efficient construction of culture assimilators. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 8, 301330.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1994). Culture and social behavior. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1995a). Culture specific assimilators. In Fowler, S., & Mumford, M. (eds.), Intercultural sourcebook, (Vol. 1). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1995b). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C., Brislin, R. W., & Hui, C. H. (1988). Cross-cultural training across the individualism and collectivism divide. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 12, 269289.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C., Kurowski, L. L., & Gelfand, M. J. (1994). Workplace diversity. In Triandis, H. C., Dunnette, M. D., & Hough, L. M. (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 4, pp. 769827). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.Google Scholar
Trompenaars, F. (1993). Riding the waves of culture. London, UK: Brealey.Google Scholar
Vink, C. D. (1989). Development of an intercultural sensitizer training program for Americans going to China. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Temple University.Google Scholar
Ward, C. (1996). Acculturation. In Landis, D. & Bhagat, R. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (pp. 124147). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Weldon, D., Carston, D., Rissman, A., Slobodin, L., & Triandis, H. (1975). A laboratory test of the effects of culture assimilator training. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 300310.Google Scholar

References

Adamopolis, J., & Kashima, Y. (Eds.). (2000). Social psychology and cultural context. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Addams, J., Balch, E., & Hamilton, A. (Eds.). (1915). Women at the Hague: The international congress of women and its results. New York, NY: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Adichie, C. N. (2009). The danger of a single story. TED talk. www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_storyGoogle Scholar
AdornoT. W., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D. J., & Sanford, R. N. (1950). The authoritarian personality. New York, NY: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Adorno, T. W., & Horkheimer, M. (2007). Dialektik der Aufklärung [Dialectic of enlightenment]. (Jephcott, E., Trans., Noerr, G. S., Ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. (Originally published 1944).Google Scholar
Ady, J. C. (1995). Toward a differential demand model of sojourner adjustment. In Wiseman, R. L. (Ed.), Intercultural communication theory (pp. 92114). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley (Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor Books).Google Scholar
Allport., G. W. (1955). Becoming: Basic considerations for a psychology of personality. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.Google Scholar
Allport, G. W., & Vernon, P. E. (1931). Study of values: A scale for measuring the dominant interests in personality. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Allport, G. W., Vernon, P. E., & Lindzey, G. (1960). Study of values: Test booklet and manual (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
American Association of School Administrators, Commission on Intercultural Education. (1947). From sea to shining sea [administrators handbook for intergroup education]. Washington, DC: American Association of School Administrators of the National Education Association.Google Scholar
Arnold, M. (1960). Culture and anarchy (Reprint, J. D. Wilson, , Ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University. (Original work published 1869).Google Scholar
Asante, M. K. (1980). Intercultural communication: An inquiry into research directions. In Nimmo, D. (Ed.), Communication yearbook 4 (pp. 401411). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.Google Scholar
Asante, M. K., Blake, C. A., & Newmark, E. (Eds.). (1979). The handbook of intercultural communication. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Asante, M. K., & Gudykunst, W. B. (Eds.). (1989). Handbook of intercultural communication. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Asante, M. K., & Newmark, E. (Eds.). (1976). Intercultural communication: Theory into practice. Alexandria, VA: Speech Communication Association.Google Scholar
Asante, M. K., Miike, Y., & Yin., J. (Eds.). (2008). Global intercultural communication reader. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Asante, M. K., Newmark, E., & Blake, C. A. (Eds.). (1979). Handbook of intercultural communication. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Asante, M. K., Newmark, E., & Blake, C. A. (1979). The field of intercultural communication. In Asante, M. K., Newmark, E., & Blake, C. A. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural communication (pp. 1122). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Asuncion-Lande, N. (1983). Language theory and linguistic principles. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.). Intercultural communication theory: Current perspectives (pp. 253258). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Baker, A. G. (1927). Book review of Y. M. Mei’s Zoroasterism. International Journal of Ethics, 37(3), 333.Google Scholar
Baker, A. G. (1929), How shall we relate Christianity to other religions?. The Journal of Religion, 9(3), 478480.Google Scholar
Baldwin, J. R. (2016). Murky waters: The histories of intercultural communication research. In Chen, L. (Ed.), Handbook of Intercultural Communication (Vol. 9, pp. 1943). New York, NY: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Baldwin, J. R., Faulkner, S. L., Hecht, M. L., & Lindsley, S. L. (Eds.) (2006). Redefining culture: Perspectives across the disciplines. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Baldwin, J. R., & Hecht, M. L. (1995). The layered perspective of cultural (in)tolerance(s): The roots of a multidisciplinary approach. In Wiseman, R. L. (Ed.). Intercultural communication theory (pp. 5991). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Banks, C. A. (2006). Improving multicultural education: Lessons from the intergroup education movement. New York, NY: Teacher’s College Press.Google Scholar
Banks, C. (2012). A historical perspective on intercultural/multicultural education in the United States. In Nektaria, P. & Gunther, D. (Eds.), Mapping the broad field of multicultural and intercultural education worldwide: Towards the development of a new citizen (pp. 7892). Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars.Google Scholar
Barnett, G. A., & Kincaid, D. L. (1983). Cultural convergence: A mathematical theory. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.). Intercultural communication theory: Current perspectives (pp. 171194). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Bastian, A. P. W. (1860). Der Mensch in der Geschichte [Man in history]. Berlin, Germany: University of Berlin.Google Scholar
Bastian, A. P. W. (1866–1871). Die Völker des östlichen Asien. Studien und Reisen.6 Bände [The people's of East Asia: Studies and Travels, 6 Vols.]. Leipzig, Germany: Otto Wigand Verlag/Jena.Google Scholar
Bastian, A. P. W. (1881). Der Völkergedanken in Aufbau einer Wissenschaft von Menschen [Peoples/ethnic thoughts in the building of a science of humanity]. Berlin, Germany: F. Dümmlers (Hoefer & Vohsen).Google Scholar
Bastian, A. P. W. (1884). Die algemeinen Grundzüge der Ethnologie [A general outline of ethnology]. Berlin, Germany: Deitrich Reimer Verlag.Google Scholar
Bastian, A. P. W. (1895). Der ethnische Elementargedanken in der Lehre vom Menschen [The psychic unity of peoples in understanding mankind]. Berlin, Germany: Deitrich Reimer Verlag (Hoefer & Vohsen; Weidmannsche Buchhandlung)Google Scholar
Batchelder, D., & Warner, E. G. (1977). Beyond experience: The experiential approach to cross-cultural education. Brattleboro, VT: Experiment Press.Google Scholar
Bauer, M. W., & Gaskell, G. (1999). Toward a paradigm for research on social representations. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 29(2), 163186.Google Scholar
Bauer, M. W., & Gaskell, G. (2008). Social representations theory: A progressive research programme for social psychology. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 88(4), 335353. doi:10.1111/j.1468-5914.2008.00374CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bean, R. (2006). Cross-cultural competence and training in Australia. Diversity Factor, 14(1), 1422.Google Scholar
Bean, R. (2007). Australia measures the value of cross-cultural training. Diversity Factor, 15(2), 3945.Google Scholar
Benedict, R. (1934). Patterns of culture. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Benedict, R. (1945). Race, science, and politics. New York, NY: Viking Adult.Google Scholar
Benedict, R. (1974). The chrysanthemum and the sword. Boston, MA: Charles Tuttle Company, an Imprint of Houghton Mifflin Company. (Original work published 1946).Google Scholar
Benjamin, W. (1936). Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit [The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction] (Arend, Hannah, Trans, Ed.) New York, NY: Schocken Books/Random House.Google Scholar
Bennett, M. J. (2013). Basic concepts of intercultural communication: Paradigms, principles, & practices (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Intercultural Press/Nicholas Brealey Publishing.Google Scholar
Bennett, J. M., Bennett, M. J., & Stillings, K. (1977). Description, interpretation, evaluation: Facilitators’ guidelines. Intercultural Communication Institute. Retrieved from: www.intercultural.org/resources.phpGoogle Scholar
Berger, C. R., & Calabrese, R. J. (1975). Some explorations in initial interaction and beyond: Toward a developmental theory of interpersonal communication. Human Communication Research, 1(2), 99112. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00258.xGoogle Scholar
BergerP. L., & LuckmanT. (1971). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books. (Original work published 1966).Google Scholar
Berquist, G. (1990). The rhetorical travels of Robert T. Oliver. Rhetoric Review, 9(1), 173183.Google Scholar
Berry, J. W. (1968). Directory of cross-cultural psychological research. International Journal of Psychology, 3(2), 137148.Google Scholar
Berry, J. W. (1969). Directory of cross-cultural psychological research. International Journal of Psychology, 4(4), 333336.Google Scholar
Berry, J. W., & Lonner, W. J. (1970). Directory of cross-cultural research and researchers. Bellingham, WA: Western Washington University Press.Google Scholar
Berry, J. W., Lonner, W. J., & Leroux, J. (1973). Directory of cross-cultural research and researchers (2nd ed.). Bellingham, WA: Western Washington University Press.Google Scholar
Bhagat, R. S., & Prien, K. O. (1996). Cross-cultural training in organizational contexts. In Landis, D. & Bhagat, R. S. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (2nd ed., pp. 216230). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2000, July). Evolution of cross-cultural training as a field of research: Contributions of Harry Triandis. Unpublished paper presented in 2000 at the XVth Congress of International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, Pultusk, Poland, July 16–21, 2000, in the symposium “Social Psychology and Cultural Context.”Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2008). Globalization and indigenous cultures: Homogenization or differentiation?. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(4), 305317.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2009a). Intercultural training for the global workplace: Review, synthesis, and theoretical explorations. In Bhagat, R. S. & Steers, R. (Eds.), Handbook of Culture, Organization, and Work (pp. 462488). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2009b). Intercultural communication in a dynamic environment: Preparing managers of developing and developed countries using cultural standards. Psychology and Developing Societies, 21(2), 161181.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2012). Diversity and intercultural communication: The influence of individualism and collectivism. In Christopher, E. (Ed.), Communication across Cultures (pp. 4253). UK: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S., & Brislin, R. W. (2000). Cross-cultural training: A review. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49(1), 162191. (concurrently published in Delhi Business Review, 1(1), 1–20, available online).Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S., & Munusamy, V. P. (2010). Leading across cultural troups: Implications of self-concept. In Hannum, K., McFeeters, B., & Booysen, L. (Eds.), Leadership across differences: Cases and perspectives (pp. 155162). San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.Google Scholar
Birdwhistell, R. L. (1952a). Field methods and techniques: Body motion research and interviewing. Human Organization, 11(1), 3738.Google Scholar
Birdwhistell, R. L. (1952b). Introduction to kinesics: An annotation system for analysis of body motion and gesture. Washington, DC: Department of State, Foreign Service Institute.Google Scholar
Birdwhistell, R. L. (1954). Kinesics and communication. Explorations, 3, 3141.Google Scholar
Birdwhistell, R. L. (1970). Kinesics and context: Essays on body motion communication. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Blake, R. T., & Mouton, J. S. (1962). The instrumental training lab. In Weschler, I. R. & Schein, E. H. (Eds.), Issues in human relations training (pp. 6176). Washington, DC. National Training Laboratories.Google Scholar
Blommaert, J. (1998, February). Different approaches to intercultural communication: A critical survey. Plenary lecture, Lernen und Arbeiten in einer international vernetzten und multikulturellen Gesellschaft, Expertentagung Universität Bremen, Institut für Projektmanagement und Witschaftsinformatik (IPMI). Retrieved May 6, 2015 from www.cie.ugent.be/CIE/blommaert1.htmGoogle Scholar
Blubaugh, J. A., & Pennington, D. (1976). Crossing differences: Interracial communication. Colombus, OH: Bobbs-Merrill.Google Scholar
Bluedorn, A. C. (1998). An interview with anthropologist Edward T. Hall. Journal of Management Inquiry, 7, 109115. DOI: 10.1177/105649269872003Google Scholar
Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method. Newark, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Boas, F. (1911). The mind of primitive man. New York, NY: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Boas, F. (1928). Anthropology and modern life. New York, NY: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Boas, F. (1940). Race, language, and culture. New York, NY: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Bogardus, E. S. (1926). Social distance in the city. Proceedings and Publications of the American Sociological Society, 20, 40–46.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice (Cambridge Studies in social and cultural anthropology, Band 16) (Nice, R., trans.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press (Original work published 1972).Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1993). The field of cultural production: Essays on art and literature. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1998). Von Gebrauch der Wissenschaft [On the use of science: Toward a clinical sociology of scientific fields]. Fuer eine klinische Soziologie des wissenschaftlichen Feldes. Konstanz, Germany: Universität Verlag Konstanz.Google Scholar
Braithwaite, C. A. (1990). Communicative silence: A cross-cultural study of Basso’s hypothesis. In Carbaugh, D. A. (Ed.), Cultural communication and intercultural contact (pp. 321327). Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Bramfeld, T. (1946). Minority problems in the public schools: A study of administrative policies and practices in seven school systems [BIE Vol. 4, Problems of race and culture in American schools]. New York, NY: Harper.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W. (Ed.). (1973–77). Topics in culture learning, Vols. 1–5. Honolulu, HI: East–West Center.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W. (Ed.). (with Anderson, R., & Bruce, W.). (1976). Translation: Applications and research. New York, NY: Garden Press.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W. (Ed.). (1977). Culture learning: Concept, application, and research. Honolulu, HI: East-West Center.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W. (2000). Understanding culture’s influence on behavior. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. (Original work published 1993).Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W. (2008). Working with cultural differences: Dealing effectively with diversity in the workplace. Westport, CT: Praeger Publisher.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., Bochner, S., & Lonner, W. J. (Eds.). (1975). Cross-cultural perspectives on learning. New York, NY: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., & Cushner, K. (Eds.). (1997). Improving intercultural interactions: Modules for cross-cultural training programs, Vol. 2. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., Cushner, K., Cherrie, C., & Yong, M. (1986). Intercultural interactions: A practical guide. [Cross-cultural research and methodology series, Volume 9]. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., Lonner, W. J., & Thorndike, R. M. (1973). Cross-cultural research methods. New York, NY: Wiley.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., & Pedersen, P. (Eds.). (1976). Cross-cultural orientation programs. New York, NY: Garden Press and Wiley/Halsted Publishers.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., & Yoshida, T. (1994a). Intercultural communication training: An introduction. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., & Yoshida, T. W. (Eds.) (1994b). Improving intercultural interactions: Modules for cross-cultural training programs. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
BrownD., & MartindaleT. (2012). A review of intercultural training in the workplace. Proceedings of Selected Research and Development Papers at the Annual Convention of the Association of Educational Communications and Technology.Google Scholar
Brown, F. J. (1939). Sociology and intercultural understanding. Journal of Educational Sociology 12(6), 328331.Google Scholar
Brown, F. J., & Roucek, J. S. (1937). Our racial and national minorities. New York, NY: Prentice Hall, Inc.Google Scholar
Brown, I. C. (1949). Race relations in a democracy [BIE Vol. 5, Problems of race and culture in American schools]. New York, NY: Harper.Google Scholar
Brown, S. (1945). They see for themselves: A documentary approach to intercultural education in high school [BIE Vol. 3, Problems of Race and Culture in American Schools, Vickery] New York, NY: Harper.Google Scholar
Burgoon, J. K. (1995). Cross-cultural and intercultural applications of expectancy violations theory. In Wiseman, R. L. (Ed.), Intercultural Communication Theory (pp. 194214). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Burgoon, J. K., & Ebesu Hubbard, A. S. (2014). Cross-cultural and intercultural applications of expectancy violations theory and interaction adaptation theory. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.). Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 149172). Shanghai, China: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. (Original work published 2005).Google Scholar
Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Campa, A. L. (1951). Language barriers in intercultural relations. Journal of Communication, 1, 4146.Google Scholar
Carbaugh, D. A. (2005). Cultures in conversation. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Casmir, F. L. (1973). International, intercultural communication: An annotated bibliography. Special communication module. ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading and Communication Skills.Google Scholar
Casmir, F. L. (Ed.) (1974–1976). International and intercultural communication annual (Vols. 1, 2, and 3). Falls Church, VA: Speech Communication Association.Google Scholar
Casmir, F. L. (Ed). (1978). Intercultural and international communication. Washington, DC: University Press of America.Google Scholar
Casmir, F. L., & Harms, L. S. (1970). International studies of national speech education systems (Vol. 1). Minneapolis, MN: Burgess Pub. Co. and Pacific Speech Association.Google Scholar
Clarke, C. H. (2008). Practicing the integration of discipline and compassion (Keynote speech at the 2007 SIETAR Japan Conference). Journal of Intercultural Communication, 11, 121.Google Scholar
Clarke, C. H., & Takashiro, N. (2014). Evolving paradigms and research applications in intercultural training: A personal historical perspective of fifty-five years. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Cleveland, H., Mangone, G. J., & Adams, J. C. (1960). The overseas Americans. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Cole, S. G. (1941a). Intercultural education: Outlines of the problem. Contemporary Jewish Record, 4(2), 99109.Google Scholar
Cole, S. G. (1941b). Intercultural education: Cultural diversity and education. Contemporary Jewish Record, 4(3), 269282.Google Scholar
Cole, S. G. (1943). Intercultural education in American schools. New York, NY: Harper & Bros.Google Scholar
Cole, S., et al. (1946). Charting intercultural education 1945–1955: A report of the summer 1945 workshop on intercultural education sponsored by the Stanford University School of education and the west coast office of the Bureau for Intercultural Education. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Collier, M. J. (2014). Theorizing cultural identifications: Critical updates and continuing evolution. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 235256). Shanghai, China: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. (Original work published 2005).Google Scholar
Collier, M. J., & Thomas, M. (1988). Cultural identity: An interpretive perspective. In Kim, Y. Y. & Gudykunst, W. B. (Eds.), Theories in intercultural communication (pp. 99120). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Comenius (Komensky), J. A. (1636). Janua Linguarum Reserata [The gate of tongues unlocked] (Anchoran, J. A., Trans., Horne, T., Ed.). London, UK: Licentiatein Divinity. (Original work published 1631).Google Scholar
Comenius (Komensky), J. A. (1968). Didactica Magna [The great didactic]. In Comenius, J. A. (Ed.), Opera didactica omnia (3 vols. compilation in Latin, reprinted in Prague, 1657) (M. W. Keatinge, trans., 1896). New York, NY: Publisher unknown. (Original work published 1633–1638).Google Scholar
Comenius, J. A. (1641). Via Lucis [The way of light]. (E.T. Campagnac, Trans.). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Ch. Cunrad. (Written in England in 1641 but fully published in 1668).Google Scholar
Comenius (Komensky), J. A. (1651). Pansophiae [A pattern of universal knowledge]. London, UK: Publisher unknown.Google Scholar
Comte, A. (2003). The positive philosophy of Auguste Comte (Martineau, H., Trans.). New York, NY: D. Appleton & Co. (Original work published 1853).Google Scholar
Condon, J. C., & Yousef, F. (1975). An introduction to intercultural communication. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs Merrill.Google Scholar
Cooley, R. E. (1983). Codes and contexts: An argument for their description. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.), Intercultural communication theory: Current perspectives (pp. 241252). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Crawford, W. C. (1956, December). Intercultural Project Summary. Grant No. 146, 146-A, Rosenberg Foundation Files.Google Scholar
Crider, F. J. (1922). The effect of intercultural practices on temperatures and humidity in citrus orchards. Science, New Series 58(1429), 542550.Google Scholar
Cronbach, L. J., & Drenth, P. J. D. (1972). Mental tests and cultural adaptation. The Hague, Netherlands: Monton.Google Scholar
Cronen, V. E., Chen, V., & Pearce, W. B. (1988). Coordinated management of meaning: A critical theory. In Kim, Y. Y. & Gudykunst, W. B. (Eds.), Theories in intercultural communication (pp. 6698). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Croucher, S. J., Sommier, M., & Rahmani, D. (2015). Intercultural communication: Where we’ve been, where we’re going, issues we face. Communication Research and Practice, 1(1), 7187. DOI: 10.1080/22041451.2015.1042422Google Scholar
Cushner, K., & Brislin, R. W. (1996). Intercultural interactions: A practical guide (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1872). The origin of species (6th ed.). New York, NY/London, UK: D. Appleton.Google Scholar
Davey, W. G. (Ed.). (1979). Intercultural theory and practice, Vol. 2. La Grange Park, IL: Intercultural Network.Google Scholar
Davis, A., & Dollard, J. (1940). Children of bondage: The personality development of Negro youth in the urban south. [Personality Series]. Washington, DC: American Council of Education.Google Scholar
Davis-DuBois, R. (1928). Education in worldmindedness: A series of assembly programs given by students of Woodbury high school, Woodbury High School, Woodbury, New Jersey, 1927–1928. Newark, NJ: American Friends Service Committee/Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.Google Scholar
Davis-DuBois, R. (1934). Changing attitudes toward other races and nations. New York, NY: Service Bureau for Education in Human Relations.Google Scholar
Davis-DuBois, R. (1936). Practical problems of international and interracial education. Junior-Senior High School Clearing House, 10(8), pp. 486490.Google Scholar
Davis-DuBois, R. (1938–39). Americans all, immigrants all. Retrieved from www.wnyc.org/series/americans-all-immigrants-allGoogle Scholar
Davis-DuBois, R. (1939). Out of the many – one: A plan for intercultural education. New York, NY: Service Bureau for Intercultural Education.Google Scholar
Davis-DuBois, R. (1943). Get together Americans: Friendly approaches to racial and cultural conflicts through the neighborhood-home festival. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers.Google Scholar
Davis-DuBois, R. (1946). The face-to-face group as a unit for a program of intercultural education. The Journal of Educational Sociology, 19(9), 555561.Google Scholar
Davis-DuBois, R. (1950). Neighbors in action: a manual for local leaders in intergroup relations. New York, NY: Harper.Google Scholar
Davis-DuBois, R., & Li, M. (1963). The art of group conversation: A new breakthrough in social media communication. New York, NY: Association Press.Google Scholar
Davis-DuBois, R., & Okoradudu, C. (1984). All this and something more: Pioneering in intercultural education, an autobiography. Bryn Mawr, PA: Dorrance.Google Scholar
Dawson, J. L. M. B., & Lonner, W. J. (Eds.). (1974). Readings in cross-cultural psychology. Hong Kong, China: University of Hong Kong Press.Google Scholar
Deardorff, D. K. (2008). What is intercultural competence? In Schreiber, & Berninghausen, (Eds.), Global competence for the future: Employability, mobility, quality. Germany: Kellner-Verlag.Google Scholar
Deardorff, D. K. (2009). Handbook of intercultural competence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Dervin, F. (2016). Interculturality in education: A theoretical and methodological toolbox. London, UK: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Dollard, J. (1939). Frustration and aggression. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Doron, A. (2009). Towards a definition of intercultural dialogue. In Aharoni, A. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of life support systems (EOLSS), peace, literature, and art (Vol. 2). Retrieved from www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C04/E1-39A-30.pdfGoogle Scholar
DuBois, G. J., Potts, L. B., & Kulich, S. J. (2017). IC scholars before their time: Rachel Davis-DuBois and the IC education movement. Kulich, In S. J. & English, A. S. (Eds.), China intercultural communication annual, Vol. 2 (pp. 5479). Beijing, China: Chinese Academy of Social Science (CASS) Press.Google Scholar
DuBois, W. E. B. (1903). The souls of black folk (3rd ed.). Chicago IL: A. C. McClure & Co.Google Scholar
Durkheim, É. (1964). De la division du travail social [The division of labor in society]. (Simpson, G., Trans.). New York, NY: Free Press. (Original work published in 1893, first translated version 1933).Google Scholar
Durkheim, É. (1938). Les règles de la méthode sociologique [The rules of sociological method]. (Solovay, S. A. & Mueller, J. H., Trans.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1894, Paris, France)Google Scholar
Edwards, D., & McCaffery, J. (1980). Cross-cultural training for peace corps volunteers. Washington, DC: Peace Corps Office of Programming and Training Coordination.Google Scholar
Ehrenhaus, P. (1983). Culture and the attribution process: Barriers to effective communication. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.). Intercultural communication theory: Current perspectives (pp. 259270). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Elberfeld, R. (2008a). Durchbruch zum Plural. Der Begriff der Kulturen bei Nietzsche [Breakthrough to the plural. The concept of cultures in Nietzsche]. Nietzsche-Studien 37, 115142.Google Scholar
Elberfeld, R. (2008b). Forschungsperspektive “Interkulturalität”: Transformation der Wissensordnungen in Europa [Research perspective on “Interculturality”: Transformation of the ordering of knowledge in Europe]. In Konersmann, R., Krois, J. M., & Weserkamp, D. (Eds.), Zeitschrift fuer Kulturphilosophie, Band 2, Heft 1 (pp. 726). Hamburg, Germany: Felix Meiner Verlag.Google Scholar
Ellingsworth, H. W. (1983). Adaptive intercultural communication. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.). Intercultural communication theory: Current perspectives (pp. 195204). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Ellingsworth, H. W. (1988). A theory of adaptation in intercultural dyads. In Kim, Y. Y. & Gudykunst, W. B. (Eds.), Theories in intercultural communication (pp. 259279). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Ellis, R. R. (2006). The middle kingdom through Spanish eyes: Depictions of China in the writings of Juan González de Mendoza and Domingo Fernández Navarrete. Retrieved August 5, 2009, from http://bulletinofhispanicstudies.lupjournals.org/uploads/bulletinofhispanicstudies lupjournalsorg/gratis/2.pdfGoogle Scholar
Engels, F. (1893). Letter to Franz Mehring, 14 July 1893, In Institute für Marxismus-Leninismus beim ZK der SED (Ed.), Werke (Vol. 39, pp. 96101). Berlin, Germany: Dietz-Verlag.Google Scholar
Fei, X. T. (1939). Peasant life in China: A field study of country life in the Yangtze valley. Preface by Malinowski., B. London, UK: G. Routledge/ New York, NY: Dutton.Google Scholar
Fei, X. T. (1945). Earthbound China. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Fiedler, F., Mitchell, T., & Triandis, H. (1971). The culture assimilator: An approach to cross-cultural training. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55(2), 95102.Google Scholar
Fischer, H. D., & Merrill, J. C. (Eds.). (1976). International and intercultural communication (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Hastings House.Google Scholar
Foa, U., & Foa., E. (1974). Societal structures of the mind. Springfield, IL: Charles Thomas.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. (1972). The archology of knowledge. New York, NY: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. (1980). Truth and power. In Gordon, C. (Ed.), Power/knowledge: Selected interviews & other writings, 1972–1977 (pp. 109133). New York, NY: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Frijda, N., & Jahoda, G. (1966). On the scope and methods of cross-cultural research. International Journal of Psychology, 1(2), 109127.Google Scholar
Fritz, J. M. H. (Ed.). (2010). The Pennsylvania Scholars Series, Vol. 5: Robert T. Oliver – Standard bearer of the discipline. Pittsburgh, PA: Pennsylvania Communication Association.Google Scholar
Fulbright, W. J. (1974). Founding address. The Fulbright Program. Washington, DC: The United States Senate.Google Scholar
Fukuyama, F. (1992). The end of history and the last man. New York, NY: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Gadamer, H.-G. (1960). Wahrheit und Methode [Truth and method]. (P. Siebeck, Trans.). Tübingen, Germany: Mohr (Siebeck).Google Scholar
Gallois, C., Franklyn-Stokes, A., Giles, H., & Coupland, N. (1988). Communication accommodation in intercultural encounters. In Kim, Y. Y. & Gudykunst, W. B. (Eds.), Theories in intercultural communication (pp. 157185). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Gallois, C., Giles, H., Jones, E., Cargile, A. C., & Ota, H. (1995). Accommodating intercultural encounters: Elaborations and extensions. In Wiseman, R. L. (Ed.), Intercultural communication theory (pp. 115147). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Gallois, C., Ogay, T., & Giles, H. (2014). Communication accommodation theory. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 121148). Shanghai, China: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. (Original work published 2005).Google Scholar
Ganesh, S., & Holmes, P. (2011). Positioning intercultural dialogue: Theories, pragmatics, and an agenda. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication 4(2), 8186.Google Scholar
Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. New York, NY: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Gehrke, P. J., & Keith, W. M. (2014). Introduction: A brief history of the national communication association. In Gehrke, P. J. & Keith, W. M. (Eds.), A century of communication studies: The unfinished conversation (pp. 125). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Georges-Louis Leclerc, C. (1749–1804). Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, avec la description du cabinet du roi [Natural history, general and particular, with a description of the king’s cabinet]. Paris, France: Imprimerie Royale.Google Scholar
Glenn, E. S. (1954). Semantic difficulties in international communication. A Review of General Semantics, 11, 163180.Google Scholar
Glenn, E. S. (1956). Languages and patterns of thought. Washington, DC: Georgetown University (Paper presented at the 5th International Conference of Anthropology and Ethnology).Google Scholar
Glenn, E. S. (1957–1958). Introduction [to the Special Issue: Interpretation and intercultural communication]. A Review of General Semantics, 15, 8797.Google Scholar
Glenn, E. S. (1966). Meaning and behavior: Communication and culture. Journal of Communication, 16(4), 248272.Google Scholar
Gochenour, T. (1995). Beyond experience: The experiential approach to cross-cultural education (2nd ed.). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Goethe, J. W. (2010). Maxims and reflections (Saunders, T. B., Trans.,). New York, NY: The Macmillan Company. (Original work published 1833).Google Scholar
Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.Google Scholar
González, A. (2010). A critique of research in intercultural communication. In Nakayama, T. K. & Halualani, R. T. (Eds.), The handbook of critical intercultural communication studies (pp. 53–56). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Gorer, G. (1948). The American people: A study in national character. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co.Google Scholar
Gorski, P. C. (2008). Good intentions are not enough: A decolonizing intercultural education. Intercultural Education19(6), 515525.Google Scholar
Gramsci, A. (2011). Quaderni del carcere [Prison notebooks]. (Buttigieg, J. A., Trans. & Ed.). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. (Original work published 1992–2007).Google Scholar
Greenfield, P. (2009). Linking social change and developmental change: Shifting pathways of human development. Developmental Psychology, 45(2), 401418.Google Scholar
Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.). (1983). Intercultural communication theory: Current perspectives. International and intercultural communication annual (Vol. 7). Beverly Hills, CA: SCA/Sage.Google Scholar
Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.). (1984). Methods for intercultural communication research. International and intercultural communication annual (Vol. 8). Beverly Hills, CA: SCA/Sage.Google Scholar
Gudykunst, W. B. (1985). Intercultural communication: Current status and proposed directions. In Dervin, B. & Voigt, M. J. (Eds.), Progress in communication sciences, Vol. 6 (pp. 146). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.Google Scholar
Gudykunst, W. B. (1998). Bridging differences, Effective intergroup communication (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (Originally published 1991, 2nd ed., 1994).Google Scholar
Gudykunst, W. B. (2002). Intercultural communication theories. In Gudykunst, W. B. & Mody, B. (Eds.), Handbook of international and intercultural communication (2nd ed., pp. 183206). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.). (2005). Theorizing about intercultural communication. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Gudykunst, W. B. (2014). An anxiety/uncertainty management (AUM) theory of effective communication: Making the mesh of the net finer. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.). Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 281322, 419–458). Shanghai, China: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. (Original work published 2005).Google Scholar
Gudykunst, W. B., & Kim, Y. Y. (2002). Communicating with strangers: An approach to intercultural communication (Original edition, 1984; 2nd ed., 1991; 3rd ed., 1996; 4th ed., 2002). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Gudykunst, W. B., & Lee, C. M. (2002). Cross-cultural communication theories. In Gudykunst, W. B. & Mody, B. (Eds.), Handbook of international and intercultural communication (2nd ed., pp. 2550). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Gudykunst, W. B., & Mody, B. (Eds.). (2002). Handbook of international and intercultural communication, (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Gudykunst, W. B., & Nishida, K. (1989). Theoretical perspectives for studying intercultural communication. In Asante, M. K. & Gudykunst, W. B. (Eds.), Handbook of international and intercultural communication (pp. 1746). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Gullahorn, J. T., & Gullahorn, J. E. (1963). An extension of the U-curve hypothesis. Journal of Social Issues, 19, 3347.Google Scholar
Habermas, J. (1981). Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns [Theory of communicative action]. (T. McCarthy, Trans.). Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Suhrkamp Verlag.Google Scholar
Habib, M. A. R. (2017). Hegel and empire: From postcolonialism to globalism. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Hall, E. T. (1950). Military government on Truk. Human Organization, 9, 2530.Google Scholar
Hall, E. T. (1955). The anthropology of manners. Scientific American, 192, 8589.Google Scholar
Hall, E. T. (1959). The silent language. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Hall, E. T. (1966). The hidden dimension. New York, NY: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Hall, E. T., & Trager, G. L. (1953). The analysis of culture. Washington, DC: American Council of Learned Societies/Foreign Service Institute.Google Scholar
Hall, E. T., & Whyte, W. F. Jr. (1960). Intercultural communication. A guide to men of action. Human Organization, 19(1), 512.Google Scholar
Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond culture. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Hall, S. (1973). Encoding and decoding in the television discourse. Birmingham, UK: University of Birmingham Press.Google Scholar
Hall, S. (1992). Race, culture, and communications: Looking backward and forward at cultural studiesRethinking Marxism, 5(1), 1018.Google Scholar
Hamnett, M. P., & Brislin, R. W. (Eds.). (1980). Research in culture learning: Language and conceptual studies. Honolulu, HI: East-West Culture Learning Institute.Google Scholar
Harman, R. C., & Briggs, N. E. (1991). SIETAR Survey: Perceived contributions of the social sciences to intercultural communication. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 15(1), 1928.Google Scholar
Harris, P., & Moran, R. T. (1979). Managing cultural differences. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Hart, W. B. (1999). Historical contributions of Boasian anthropology to the interdiscipline of intercultural relations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Retrieved from UMI.Google Scholar
Hart, W. B. (2005). Everett M. Rogers: His role in intercultural communication study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 491495.Google Scholar
Hasslet, B. B. (2017). Establishing a unique intercultural communication learning environment: The University of Minnesota heritage in the 1970s and 1980s. In Kulich, S. J. & English, A. S. (Eds.), China intercultural communication annual, Vol. 2 (pp. 8094). Beijing, China: China Social Sciences Publishing House.Google Scholar
Haydon, A. E. (Ed.) (1934). Modern trends in world religions. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hebdige, D. (1979). Subculture: The meaning of style. Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hegel, G. W. F. (1807). Phänomenologie des geistes [The Phenomenology of Spirit]. Bamberg und Würzburg, Germany: Joseph Anton Goebhardt.Google Scholar
Hegel, G. W. F. (1902). Vorlesungen über die philosophie der weltgeschichte [Lectures on the philosophy of world history]. (J. Sibree, Trans). London, UK: George Bell and Sons. (Original work published 1837).Google Scholar
Henry, D. D. (1963, October). The American university looks abroad: View from the President’s office. Paper presented at Regional Conference of Education and World Affairs, East Lansing, MI.Google Scholar
Herder, J. G. von. (1800-1803). Ideen zur Philosophie des Geschicte der Menschheit (Vol. 1–2) [Outlines of a philosophy of the history of man]. (Churchill, T. O., Trans.). London, UK: J. Johnson, St. Paul's Church-Yard. (Original work published 1784–1791).Google Scholar
Herskovits, M. J. (1941). The myth of the negro past. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers.Google Scholar
Herskovits, M. J. (1972). Cultural relativism: Perspectives in cultural pluralism. New York, NY: Vintage Books/Random House.Google Scholar
Ho, E.Holmes, P., & Cooper, J. (2004). Review and evaluation of international literature on managing cultural diversity in classrooms. Hamilton, New Zealand: University of Waikato.Google Scholar
Hocking, W. E. (1934). Christianity and intercultural contacts. The Journal of Religion 14(2), 127138.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (1980). Cultures consequences: International differences in work-related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage (copublished in the PRC as Vol. 10 in the Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press SFLEP Intercultural Communication Reference Series, 2008).Google Scholar
Hoggart, R. (1957). The uses of literacy. Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Holliday, A. (2011). Intercultural communication and ideology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Holmes, P. (2014). Intercultural dialogue: Challenges to theory, practice and research. Language and Intercultural Communication 14(1), 16. DOI: 10.1080/14708477.2013.866120Google Scholar
Hoopes, D. S. (Ed.). (1975). Readings in intercultural communication, Vol. 1. The intercultural communication workshop. Pittsburgh, PA: The Intercultural Communications Network (original collection, 1970; June 1975 reprint, Washington, DC: Society for Intercultural Education, Training and Research, SIETAR).Google Scholar
Hoopes, D. S. (Ed.). (1971, 72, 73, 74, 75/76). Readings in intercultural communications, (Vols. 1–5). Pittsburgh, PA, later Washington, DC: The Intercultural Communications Network/Society for Intercultural Education, Training and Research (SIETAR).Google Scholar
Hoopes, D. S. (1980). Intercultural education (Phi Delta Kappa Fastback # 142). Bloomington, IN: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation.Google Scholar
Hoopes, D. S., Bretz, F. H., Hoffman, N. M., & Spencer, A. M. (1971). A study of the dynamics of inter-institutional cooperation for international education development, Final report. Pittsburgh, PA: Regional Council for International Education (RCIE) (retrieved from ERIC EDO48716).Google Scholar
Hoopes, D. S., Pedersen, P. B., & Renwick, G. W. (Eds.). (1977). Overview of intercultural education, training and research, Vol. I: Theory. Washington, DC: International Society for Intercultural Education, Training and Research.Google Scholar
Houghton, S. (2009). Managing stereotypes in intercultural communication. The Humanities and Social Studies in the Far East, 1(21), 139141.Google Scholar
Howell, W. S. (1979). Theoretical foundations for intercultural communication. In Asante, M. K., Newmark, E., & Blake, C. A. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural communication (pp. 2342). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Hsu, F. L. K. (1953). Americans and Chinese: Two ways of life. New York, NY: Abelard-Schuman.Google Scholar
Hsu, F. L. K. (Ed.). (1972). Psychological anthropology: Approaches to culture and personality (rev. ed.). Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press. (Original work published 1972, Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Pub. Co).Google Scholar
Hsu, F. L. K. (1963). Clan, caste, and club. New York, NY: Van Nostrand.Google Scholar
Hsu, F. L. K. (1969). The study of literate civilizations. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Hume, D. (1751). An enquiry concerning the principles of morals (1st ed.). London, UK: A. Millar.Google Scholar
Husserl, E. (1974). Zur Phänomenologie der Intersubjektivität. Dritter Teil. [The phenomenology of intersubjectivity. Third part]. Husserliana, Volume Band 15. Den Haag, The Netherlands: Iso Kern. (original series of volumes published 1929–1935).Google Scholar
Hymes, D. (1974). Foundations in sociolinguistics: An ethnographic approach. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Inglis, F. (2004). Culture. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press Ltd.Google Scholar
Jain, N. C. (Ed.). (1977, 1979, 1982). International and intercultural communication annual (Vols. 4–6). Falls Church, VA: Speech Communication Association.Google Scholar
Jain, N. C., Prosser, M. H., & Miller, M. H. (Eds.). (1974). Intercultural communication: Proceedings of the speech communication association summer conference X. Falls Church, VA: Speech Communication Association.Google Scholar
Jebsen, I. (1999). The practice of intercultural communication – Reflections for professions in cultural meetings. Online Journal of Intercultural Communication. Retrieved from immi.seGoogle Scholar
Johnson, L. D., & Pak, Y. K. (2019). Teaching for diversity: Intercultural and intergroup education in the public schools, 1920s–1970s. Review of Research in Education, 43(1), 1–31. doi:10.3102/0091732X18821127Google Scholar
Kant, I. (1968). Von den verschiedenen racen der menschen [On the different races of men]. In I. Kant, & Werke, , (W. Weischedel, Ed.), Vol XI (pp. 9–30). Frankfurt-on-Main, Germany: Suhrkamp. (Original work published 1775).Google Scholar
Kant, I. (1781). Kritik der reinen Vernunft [Critique of pure reason]. Riga, Latvia: Hartknoch.Google Scholar
Kant, I. (1793). Determination and the concept of a human race. Reprinted in I. Kant, Zerstreute Aufsatze, Frankfurt/Leipzig, Germany: Neuweid. (Original work published 1785).Google Scholar
Kant, I. (2006). Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht [Anthropology from a pragmatic point of view]. (R. B. Louden & M. Kuehn, Trans.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1798).Google Scholar
Katriel, T. (1995). From “context” to “contexts” in intercultural communication research. In Wiseman, R. L. (Ed.), Intercultural communication theory (pp. 271284). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Katz, D., & Braly, K. W. (1935). Racial prejudice and racial stereotypes. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 30(2), 175193.Google Scholar
Kawakami, H. S. (2009). A history and development of the intercultural communication field in Japan (1950–present). Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The University of New Mexico. Retrieved December, 2010, from gradworks.umi.com.Google Scholar
Kealey, D. J., & Protheroe, D. R. (1996). The effectiveness of cross-cultural training for expatriates: An assessment of the literature on the issue. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20(2), 141165.Google Scholar
Kennard, E. A. (1948). Cultural anthropology and the Foreign Service. American Foreign Service Journal, 25, 1819, 42, 44.Google Scholar
Khaldûn, I. (1968). Al-Muqaddima (Discours sur l’histoire universelle) [Introduction: Discourse on universal history]. Paris, France: Sindbad. (Original work published 1377).Google Scholar
Kim, M. S. (2014). Culture-based conversational constraints theory: Individual- and culture-level analyses. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 93118). Shanghai, China: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. (Original work published 2005).Google Scholar
Kim, M. S. (2010). Intercultural communication in Asia: Current state and future prospects. Asian Journal of Communication, 20(5), 166180.Google Scholar
Kim, Y. Y. (Ed.). (2017). The international encyclopedia of intercultural communication. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons/BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Kim, Y. Y., & Gudykunst, W. B. (Eds.). (1988). Theories in intercultural communication: International and intercultural communication annual (Vol. 12). Newbury Park, CA: SCA/Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Klemm, G. F. (1843–52). Allgemeine Cultur-Geschichte der Menschheit [General cultural history of mankind]. Leipzig, Germany: Teubner.Google Scholar
Klineberg, O. (1940). Social psychology. New York, NY: Henry Holt & Co.Google Scholar
Klineberg, O. (1944). Characteristics of the American negro. Manhattan, NY: Harper & Brothers.Google Scholar
Kluckhohn, C. K. M. (1954). Culture and behavior. In Lindzey, G. (Ed.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 921976). Reading/Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Kluckhohn, C. K. M. (1962). Universal categories of culture. In Tax, S. (Ed.), Anthropology today: Selections (pp. 304320). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1952).Google Scholar
Kluckhohn, C. K. M. (1964). Education, values, and anthropological relativity. In Kluckhohn, R. (Ed.), Culture and behavior: Collected essays of Clyde Kluckhohn (pp. 286–300). (Original work published 1952 as “Universal values and anthropological relativism,” in Modern education and human values: The Pitcairn-Crabbe Foundation lecture series, (Vol. 4, pp. 87–112). Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press).Google Scholar
Kluckhohn, F. R., & Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961). Variations in value orientations. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press (concurrently by Bloomington, IN: Row & Peterson).Google Scholar
Klyukanov, I. E. (2005). Principles of intercultural communication. Boston, MA: Pearson Education/Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Klyukanov, I. E. (2010). A communication universe: Manifestations of meaning, stagings of significance. Lanham, MD: Lexington/Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.Google Scholar
Knowles, M. S. (1969). An experiment with group self-directed learning: The learning teaching team. In Runkel, P., Harrison, R., & Runkel, M. (Eds.), The changing college classroom. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Knowles, M. S. (1970). The modern practice of adult education: From pedagogy to andragogy. New York, NY: Association Press.Google Scholar
Knowles, M. S. (1973). The adult learner: A neglected species. Madison, WI: American Society for Training and Development.Google Scholar
Knowles, M. S. (1985). Shifting to an HRD systems approach. Training & Development Journal, 39(5), 2425.Google Scholar
Kochman, T. (1983Black and white styles in conflict. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kohls, L. R. (1979). Survival kit for overseas living. Chicago, IL: Intercultural Network, SYSTRAN Publications.Google Scholar
Kolb, D. A., & Fry, R. (1981). Experiential learning theory and learning experiences in liberal arts education: New directions for experiential learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Kotthoff, H., & Spencer-Oatey, H. (2007). Handbook of intercultural communication. New York, NY: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Ku, H. M. (1998). The spirit of the Chinese people. Beijing, China: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. (Original work published 1915).Google Scholar
Kulich, S. J. (2011). Applying cross-cultural values research to “the Chinese”: A critical integration of etic and emic approaches (in 2 Volumes). Doctoral dissertation, Humboldt Universitaet zu Berlin, published online at http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/docviews/abstract.php?lang=ger&id=39023Google Scholar
Kulich, S. J. (2012). Reconstructing the histories and influences of 1970s intercultural leaders: Prelude to biographies. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36, 744759. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.08.004Google Scholar
Kulich, S. J. (2017). Reviewing intercultural study roots: From reviving histories toward reassessing the status of the field (Part 1 Intro). In Kulich, S. J. & English, A. S. (Eds.), China intercultural communication annual, Vol. 2 (pp. 3353). Beijing, China: Chinese Academy of Social Science (CASS) Press.Google Scholar
Kulich, S. J., & Zhang, X. J. (2012). Profiling people in multiple domains: Toward a sociology of science for intercultural disciplines. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36, 885901. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.08.019Google Scholar
Kurylo, A. (Ed.) (2012). Inter/cultural communication: Representation and construction of culture. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Kroeber, A. L., & Kluckhohn, C. K. M. (1952). Culture: A critical review of concepts and definitions. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lal, S. (2004). 1930s multiculturalism: Rachel Davis-Dubois and the bureau for intercultural education. Radical Teacher, 69, 1822.Google Scholar
Landis, D., & Brislin, R. W. (Eds.). (1983). Handbook of intercultural training (Vols. 1–3). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Landis, D., & Wasilewski, J. H. (1999). Reflections on 22 years of the Intercultural Journal of International Relations and 23 years in other areas of intercultural practice. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 23(4), 535574.Google Scholar
LaPiere, R. T. (2010). Attitudes vs. actions. International Journal of Epidemiology, 39, 7–11. (Original work published 1934)Google Scholar
Lasker, B. (1929). Race attitudes in children. New York, NY: Henry Holt & Co.Google Scholar
Lazarsfeld, P. F., & Merton, R. K. (1954). Friendship as a social process: A substantive and methodological analysis. In Berger, M., Able, T., & Page, C. H. (Eds.), Freedom and control in modern society (pp. 18–66). New York, NY: Van Nostrand.Google Scholar
Lebedko, M. (2010). Tackling ethnic stereotypes in an intercultural communication course. Intercultural Communication Studies, 19(1), 168181.Google Scholar
Lederer, W. J., & Burdick, E. (1958). The ugly American. New York, NY: Norton.Google Scholar
Leeds-Hurwitz, W. (1990). Notes in the history of intercultural communication: The Foreign Service Institute and the mandate for intercultural training. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 76, 262281.Google Scholar
Leeds-Hurwitz, W. (2010a). Writing the intellectual history of intercultural communication. In Nakayama, T. K. & Halualani, R. T. (Eds.), The handbook of critical intercultural communication (pp. 2133). Chichester, West Sussex/Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Leeds-Hurwitz, W. (2010b). The social history of language and social interaction: People, places, ideas. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.Google Scholar
Lefringhausen, K., Spencer-Oatey, H., & Debray, C. (2019). Culture, norms, and the assessment of communication contexts: Multidisciplinary perspectives. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 50(10), 10981111.Google Scholar
Lehtonen, J. (1994). Cultural stereotypes and intercultural communication. In Bartelt, G. (Ed.), The dynamics of language process (pp. 173182). Tübingen, Germany: Günter Narr Verlag.Google Scholar
Leighton, A. H. (1984). Then and now: Some notes on the interaction of person and social environment. Human Organization, 43(3), 189197.Google Scholar
Leighton, A. H. (2000). Science and values: A historical perspective. In Russo, K. W. (Ed.), Finding the middle ground: Insights and applications of the value orientation method (pp. 2130). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Lewin, K. (1936). Some social-psychological differences between the United States and Germany. Character and Personality, 4, 265293.Google Scholar
Lewin, K. (1947a). Frontiers in group dynamics: I, Concept, method, and reality in social science, social equilibria, and social change. Human Relations, 1(1), 542.Google Scholar
Lewin, K. (1947b). Frontiers in group dynamics: II, channels of group life, social planning and action research. Human Relations 1(2), 179193.Google Scholar
Lewin, K. (1948). Resolving social conflict: Selected papers on group dynamics. New York, NY: Harper and Brothers.Google Scholar
Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory in social science: Selected theoretical papers. New York: NY: Harper and Brothers.Google Scholar
Liebniz, G. W. (1957). Novissima Sinica [Letters from China]. (D. Lach, Trans.). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press. (Original work published 1697).Google Scholar
Lippman, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Locke, J. (1996) An essay concerning human understanding (Winker, K. P., Ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company. (Original work published 1690).Google Scholar
Lysgaard, S. (1955). Adjustment in a foreign society: Norwegian Fulbright grantees visiting the United States. International Social Science Bulletin, 7, 4551.Google Scholar
Malinowski, B. (1922). Argonauts of the western pacific: An account of native enterprise and adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea. London, UK: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Malinowski, B. (1944). A scientific theory of culture, and other essays. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Mandeville, J. (1684). The voyages and travels of Sir John Mandeville. London, United Kingdom:  Printed for R. Scot, T. Basset, J. Wright, and R. Chiswel. (Original work published 1370).Google Scholar
Marcuse, H. (1964). One-dimensional man: Studies in the ideology of advanced industrial society. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Markham, J. W. (1969). International communication as a field of study: Reports and papers from the Wingspread Symposium on education and research in international and comparative communication. Iowa, IA: City: Publication Department of the University of Iowa.Google Scholar
Martin, J. N., & Nakayama, T. K. (1999). Thinking dialectically about culture and communication. Communication Theory, 9, 125.Google Scholar
Martin, J. N., & Nakayama, T. K. (2010). Intercultural communication in contexts (5th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Martin, J. N., Nakayama, T. K., & Carbaugh, D. (2012). The history and development of the study of intercultural communication and applied linguistics. In Jackson, J. (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of language and intercultural communication (pp. 1736). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Martin, J. N., Nakayama, T. K., & Carbaugh, D. (2020). A global look at the history and development of language and intercultural communication. In Jackson, J. (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of language and intercultural communication, (2nd ed.) (online Chap 3). Abingdon, UK: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Marx, K. (1843). Zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie [Critique of Hegel’s philosophy of right]. Reprinted in K. M. Guth (Ed.), Berlin, Germany: Hofenberg. (Original “Einleitung” written in 1843–44).Google Scholar
Marx, K. (1859). Zur Kritik der politischen Ökonomie [A contribution to the critique of political economy]. Berlin, Germany: Franz Duncker.Google Scholar
McLuhan, M. & Powers, B. R. (1989). The global village: Transformations in world life and media in the 21st century. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society: From the standpoint of a social behaviorist. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Mead, M. (1928). Coming of age in Samoa: A psychological study of primitive youth for Western civilization. New York, NY: Morrow.Google Scholar
Mead, M. (1942). And keep your powder dry: An anthropologist looks at America. New York, NY: Morrow.Google Scholar
Mead, M. (1951). The study of national character. In Lerner, D. & Lasswell, H. D. (Eds.), The policy sciences: Recent developments in scope and method (pp. 7085). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Mead, M., & Metraux, R. (Eds.). (1953). The study of culture at a distance. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Merton, R. K. (1949). Social theory and social structure: Toward a codification of theory and research. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.Google Scholar
Mikkelson, J. M. (2013). Kant and the concept of race. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Milhouse, V. H. (1996). Intercultural communication education and training: Goals, content, and methods. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 6995.Google Scholar
Mills, C. W. (1959). The sociological imagination. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Montagu, A. (1945). Man's most dangerous myth: The fallacy of race (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Montagu, A. (Ed.). (1964). The concept of race. New York, NY: MacMillan.Google Scholar
Montagu, A. (1972). Statement on race: An annotated elaboration and exposition of the four statements on race issued by the United Nations. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Montaigne, M. (1969) Essais [Essays]. (J. Folio, Trans.). Retrieved March 30, 2019 from https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/766/montaigne.pdf?sequence=1 (Original work published 1580)Google Scholar
Montalto, N. (1982). A history of the intercultural educational movement, 1924–1941. New York, NY: Garland Publishing, Inc.Google Scholar
Montesquieu, C. S. (1748). De l’esprit des lois [The spirit of the laws]. Geneva, Switzerland: Chez Barrillot & Fills.Google Scholar
Moon, D. G. (1996). Concept of ‘culture’: Implications for intercultural communication research. Communication Quarterly, 44(1), 7084.Google Scholar
Moon, D. G. (2010). Critical reflections on culture and critical intercultural communication. In Nakayama, T. K. & Halualani, R. T. (Eds.), The handbook of critical intercultural communication (pp. 3452). Chichester, West Sussex/Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
More, T. (1909–1914). Libellus vere aureus, nec minus salutaris quam festivus, de optimo rei publicae statu deque nova insula Utopia [Utopia]. (R. Robinson, Trans.). New York, NY: P. F. Collier & Son. (Original work published 1516).Google Scholar
MoscoviciS. (1961). La psychanalyse, son image et son public [Psychoanalysis: Its image and its public]. Paris, France / Cambridge, MA: Presses Universitaires de France / Polity Press.Google Scholar
Murdock, G. P. (1938). Outline of cultural materials. New Haven, CT: Yale University Institute of Human Relations. (reprint 2004, Human Relations Area Files).Google Scholar
Murdock, G. P. (1975). The outline of world cultures. New Haven, CT: Human Relations Area Files. (Original work published 1954).Google Scholar
Murdock, G. P., & Whiting, J. W. M. (1945). Outline of cultural materials. New Haven, CT: Yale University Institute of Human Relations.Google Scholar
Nakamura, H. (1964). Ways of thinking of Eastern people: India, China, Tibet, Japan. Honolulu, HI: East-West Center Press.Google Scholar
Nakayama, T. K., & Halualani, R. T. (Eds.). (2010). The handbook of critical intercultural communication. West Sussex/Oxford, UK: Wiley/Blackwell.Google Scholar
Nam, K.-A. (2012). DAE Exercise. In Berardo, K. & Deardorff, D. (Eds.), Building cultural competence: Innovative activities and models (pp. 5357). Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing.Google Scholar
Nam, K.-A., Choi, Y., & Lee, M. (2013). Cross-cultural training and its implications for HRD. In Poell, R. F., Rocco, T. S., & Roth, G. L. (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Human Resource Development (pp. 582–591). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.Google Scholar
Nam, K.-A., Choi, Y., & Lee, M. (2014). When “West meets East”: Identifying the gap in current cross-cultural training research. Human Resource Development Review, 13(1) 3657.Google Scholar
Nam, K.-A., & Condon, J. C. (2010). The DIE is cast: The continuing evolution of intercultural communication’s favorite classroom exercise. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34(1), 8187.Google Scholar
Navarrette, D. F. d. (1960). Tratados históricos, políticos, éticos y religiosos de la monarquia de China [The travels and controversies of Friar Domingo Navarrete] (Vols. 1–2) (J. S. Cummins, Ed. & Trans.) Second series, No. 118. London, UK: Hakluyt Society. (Original work published in Madrid in Spanish 1676).Google Scholar
Nietzsche, F. (1887). On the genealogy of morality (Clark, M. & Swensen, A. J., Trans.). Indianapolis, IN/Cambridge, UK: Hackett.Google Scholar
Oberg, K. (1960). Culture shock. Practical Anthropology, 7, 177182.Google Scholar
OgayT., & EdelmannD. (2016). Taking culture seriously: Implications for intercultural education and training. European Journal of Teacher Education, 39(3), 388400.Google Scholar
Oliver, R. T. (1962). Culture and communication: The problem of penetrating national and cultural boundaries. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.Google Scholar
Oliver, R. T. (1971). Communication and culture in ancient India and China. New York, NY: Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar
Olneck, M. (1990). The recurring dream: Symbolism and ideology in intercultural and multicultural education. American Journal of Education, 98(2). 147174. www.jstor.org/stable/1085376.Google Scholar
Osgood, C. E. (1964). Semantic differential technique in the comparative study of cultures. American Anthropologist, 66, 171200. DOI: 10.1525/aa.1964.66.3.02a00880Google Scholar
Osgood, C. E., May, W. H., & Miron, M. S. (1975). Cross-cultural universals of affective meaning. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Pak, Y. K. (2002). “If there is a better intercultural plan in any school system in America, I do not know where it is?: The San Diego City Schools? Intercultural Education Program, 1946–1949. Urban Education, 37(5), 588609. DOI: 10.1177/0042085902238675Google Scholar
Park, R. (1916). Suggestions for the investigations of human behavior in the urban environment. American Journal of Sociology, 20(5), 577612.Google Scholar
Park, R. E. (1926). The urban community as a spatial pattern and a moral order. The Urban Community, 2, 318.Google Scholar
Park, R. E., & Burgess, E. W. (1921). Introduction to science and sociology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Parsons, T., & Shils, E. A. (Eds.) (1951). Toward a general theory of action. Cambridge, MA / New York, NY: Harvard University Press / Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Pascal, B. (1966). Pensées [The meditations]. (Krailshemer, A. J., Trans.). London, UK: Penguin.Google Scholar
Pearce, W. B. (2014). The coordinated management of meaning (CMM). In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 3554). Shanghai, China: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. (Original work published 2005)Google Scholar
Pearce, W. B., & Wiseman, R. L. (1983). Rules theories: Varieties, limitations, and potentials. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.), Intercultural communication theory: Current perspectives (pp. 7988). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
PedersenP.LonnerW., & Draguns, J. (1976). Counseling across cultures. Honolulu, HI: University Press of Hawaii.Google Scholar
Pelto, P. (1968). The difference between “tight” and “loose” societies. Transaction, 5, 37–40.Google Scholar
Peterson, E. E. (2009). An introduction to communication and public policy. In E. E. Petersen (Ed.), Communication and public policy: Proceedings of the 2008 International Colloquium on Communication (pp. 1–3). Retrieved from: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/ICC/2008/ICC2008Peterson.pdfGoogle Scholar
Pettigrew, T. (1958). Personality and sociocultural factors in intergroup attitudes. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2, 2942.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, T. (1978). Three issues in ethnicity. In Yinger, J. & Cutler, S. (Eds.), Major social issues. (pp. 25–49). New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, T. (1979). The ultimate attribution error. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5, 461476.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, T. (1982). Cognitive styles and social behavior. In Wheeler, L. (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology (Vol 3, pp. 199233). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, T. (1986). The intergroup hypothesis reconsidered. In Hewstone, M. & Brown, R. (Eds.), Contact and conflict in intergroup encounters (pp. 169195). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Philipsen, G. (1992). Speaking culturally: Explorations in social communication. Albany, NY: State University Press of New York.Google Scholar
Philipsen, G., Coutu, L. M., & Covarrubias, P. (2014). Speech codes theory: Restatement, revisions, and response to criticisms. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 5568). Shanghai, China: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. (Original work published 2005)Google Scholar
Pike, K. L. (1966). Etic and emic standpoints for the description of behavior. In Smith, A. (Ed.), Communication and culture. (pp. 152–63). New York, NY: Holt, Reinhart, and Winston.Google Scholar
Piller, I. (2017). Intercultural communication: A critical introduction (2nd ed.). Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Plato, (1966). Phaedo [Phaedo]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press & William Heinemann Ltd. (Original work published 1925)Google Scholar
Porter, R. E., & Samovar, L. A. (1973). Intercultural communication: A reader. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Powdermaker, H. F. (1944). Probing our prejudices: A unit for high school students [BIE Vol. 2, Problems of race and culture in American schools]. New York, NY: Harper.Google Scholar
Pribham, K. (1949). Conflicting patterns of thought. Washington, DC: Public Affairs Press.Google Scholar
Prosser, M. H. (1973a). Intercommunication among nations and peoples. New York, NY: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Prosser, M. H. (Ed.). (1973b, 1974). Prosser, M. H. (Ed.). (1973b, 1974). Intercultural communication and social change [Syllabus]. Charlottesville, VA: Department of Speech Communication, University of Virginia.Google Scholar
Prosser, M. H. (Ed.). (1977). USIA Intercultural Communications course proceedings. Washington, DC: International Communication Agency/SIETAR. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED163545Google Scholar
Prosser, M. H. (1978a). Intercultural communication theory and research: An overview of major constructs. In Ruben, B. D. (Ed.), Communication yearbook 2 (pp. 335343). New Brunswick, NJ: ICA-Transaction Books.Google Scholar
Prosser, M. (1978b). The cultural dialogue: An introduction to intercultural communication. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin.Google Scholar
Prosser, M. H. (2012). K. S. Sitaram, an early interculturalist: Founding the field May 6, 1970. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(6), 857868.Google Scholar
Prosser, M. H., & Kulich, S. J. (Eds.). Early American pioneers of intercultural communication [Special issue]. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(6), 743902.Google Scholar
Pusch, M. D. (Ed.). (1979). Multicultural education: A cross cultural training approach. Chicago, IL: Intercultural Network, Inc.Google Scholar
Pusch, M. D. (2004). Intercultural training in historical perspective. In Landis, D., Bennett, J. & Bennett, M. (Eds.), The handbook of intercultural training (3rd ed., pp. 1336). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Renwick, G. W. (1994). A longitudinal analysis and assessment of intercultural education, training, and research, 1932–1984. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. The Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh.Google Scholar
Rich, A. (1974). Interracial communication. New York, NY: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Rogers, E. M. (1962). Diffusion of innovations. New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Rogers, E. M. (1999). Georg Simmel’s concept of the stranger and intercultural communication research. Communication Theory, 9(1), 5874.Google Scholar
Rogers, E. M., Hart, W. B., & Miike, Y. (2002). Edward T. Hall and the history of intercultural communication: The United States and Japan. Keio Communication Review, 24, 326.Google Scholar
Rogers, E. M., & Steinfatt, (1999). Georg Simmel’s concept of the stranger and intercultural communication research. Communication Theory, 9(1), 5874.Google Scholar
Rohmer, R. P. (1984). Toward a conception of culture for cross-cultural psychology. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 15(2), 111138.Google Scholar
Rokeach, M. (1960). The open and closed mind: Investigations into the nature of belief systems and personality systems. New York, NY: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Rousseau, J. J. (1755). Discours sur l’origine et les fondements de l’inégalité parmi les hommes [Discourse on the origin and basis of inequality among men]. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Marc-Michel Rey.Google Scholar
Rousseau, J. J. (1762). Du contrat social [The social contract]. Paris, France: Marc-Michel Rey.Google Scholar
Ruben, B. D. (1983). A system-theoretic view. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.), Intercultural communication theory: Current perspectives (pp. 131145). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Rummel, R. J. (1966). Some dimensions in the foreign behavior of nations. Journal of Peace Research, 3, 201223.Google Scholar
Samovar, L. A., & Porter, R. E. (Eds.). (1973). Intercultural communication: A reader. Belmont, CAWadsworth Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Sapir, E. (1921). Language: An introduction to the study of speech. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace, and Co.Google Scholar
Sapir, E. (1949). Culture, language, personality: Selected essays. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Saral, T. B. (1977). Intercultural communication theory and research: An overview. In Ruben, B. D. (Ed.), Communication yearbook 1 (pp. 389396). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.Google Scholar
Saral, T. B. (1979). Intercultural communication theory and research: An overview of challenges and opportunities. In Nimmo, D. (Ed.), Communication yearbook 3 (pp. 395406). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.Google Scholar
Schramm, W. L. (1997). The beginnings of communication study in America: A memoir. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, (Vol. 25, pp. 165). San Deigo, CA/New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Scollon, R., Scollon, S. W., & Jones, R. H. (2012). Intercultural communication: A discourse approach (3rd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Seelye, H. N., & Tyler, L. (1977). Intercultural communicator resources. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Language and Intercultural Research Center/Bilingual Education. Department, Illinois Office of Education.Google Scholar
Selig, D. (2008). Americans all: The cultural gifts movement. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Selmer, J. (2005). Western business managers in China: Adjusting to the most foreign of all foreign places. In Scullion, H. & Linehan, M. (Eds.), International human resource management: A critical text (pp. 6884). London, UK: Palgrave/Macmillan.Google Scholar
Shuter, R. (2011). Robert T. Oliver: Trailblazer in intercultural communication. China Media Research, 7(2), 121126.Google Scholar
Sieyès, A., Lafayette., M., & Jefferson, T. (1789). Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen [Declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen]. In Conseil Constitutionnel. Retrieved from www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/sites/default/files/as/root/bank_mm/anglais/cst2.pdf.Google Scholar
Simmel, G. (1900). Philosophie des Geldes [Philosophy of money]. Leipzig, Germany: Duncker & Humblot.Google Scholar
Simmel, G. (1908). Soziologie: Untersuchungen über die formen der vergesellschaftung [Sociology: Studies in the forms of societalization]. Leipzig, Germany: Duncker and Humblot.Google Scholar
Simmel, G. (1921) The social significance of the “stranger.” In Park, R. E. & Burgess, E. W. (Eds.), Introduction to the science of sociology (pp. 322327). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Simmel, G. (1955). Conflict and the web of group affiliations. (K. Wolff, Trans. and Ed.). Glencoe, IL: Free Press. (Original work published 1922)Google Scholar
Simmel, G. (1950). The stranger. In Wolff, K. (Trans. & Ed.), The sociology of Georg Simmel. New York, NY: Free Press. (Original work published 1908).Google Scholar
Smith, A. G. (1966). Culture and communication. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Smith, A. G. (1977). Research and theory in intercultural communication. In D. S. Hoopes, P. B. Pedersen, & G. W. Renwick (Eds.). Overview of intercultural education, training, and research, Vol I: Theory (pp. 3–9).Google Scholar
Smith, A. H. (1890). Chinese characteristics. Shanghai, China: Fleming H. Revell Company.Google Scholar
Smith, A. L. [a.k.a. Asante, M. K.] (1973). Transracial communication. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Smith, H. L. Jr. (1946). Language training for the Foreign Service and the Department of State. American Foreign Service Journal 23, 1113, 43–44, 47.Google Scholar
Smith, W. D. (2019). Volkgeist: Bibliography. Science Encyclopedia – Jrank Articles. Retrieved April 11, 2019 from https://science.jrank.org/pages/8147/Volksgeist.htmlGoogle Scholar
Sorrells, K. (1998): Gifts of wisdom: An interview with Dr. Edward T. Hall (On the past and future of intercultural relations study). The Edge: The E-Journal of Intercultural Relations 1(3), 112. http://interculturalrelations.com/v1i3Summer1998/sum98sorellshall.htm#santafeGoogle Scholar
Sorrells, K. (2012). Intercultural training in the global context. In Jackson, J. (Ed.), Routledge handbook of language and intercultural communication (pp. 372389). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
SorrellsK. (2013). Intercultural communication: Globalization and social justice. Thousand Oaks, CASage Publications.Google Scholar
Spencer-Oatey, H. (2000). Introduction. In Spencer-Oatey, H. (Ed.), Culturally speaking: Managing rapport through talk across cultures (pp. 1–8). London, England: Continuum.Google Scholar
Spencer-Oatey, H., & Franklin, P. (2009). Intercultural interaction: A multidisciplinary approach to intercultural communication. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Spinoza, B. (1677). Ethica [Ethics]. Quinque Partes Diflincta: Quibus Agitur.Google Scholar
Starosta, W. J. (2011). Sojourning through intercultural communication: A retrospective. China Media Research, 7(2), 15.Google Scholar
Stephan, W., & Rosenfield, D. (1982). Racial and ethnic stereotyping. In Millar, A. (Ed.), In the eye of the beholder. New York, NY: Prager.Google Scholar
Stephan, W., & Stephan, C. (1985). Intergroup anxiety. Journal of Social Issues, 41,157166.Google Scholar
Stephan, W., & Stephan, C. (1992). Reducing intergroup anxiety though intercultural contact. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 409426.Google Scholar
Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (1996). Intergroup relations. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Stewart, E. C. (1978). Outline of intercultural communication. In Casmir, F. L. (Ed.), Intercultural and international communication (pp. 265–344). Washington DC: University Press of America. (Original work published 1973, circulated at the 1974 Chicago SCA/ICA/SIETAR International Conference, and published in Casmir, 1974, and again in 1978)Google Scholar
Stonequist, E. V. (1929). The marginal man. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Storti, C., & Bennhold-Samaan, L. (1998). Culture matters: The peace corps cross-cultural workbook. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Storti, C., & Bennhold-Samaan, L. (1999). Culture matters: Trainer’s guide. Washington, DC: Peace Corps.Google Scholar
Stouffer, S. A., Suchman, E. A., DeVinney, L. C., Star, S. A., & Williams, R. M. Jr (1949). The American soldier: Adjustment during army life. (Studies in social psychology in World War II, Vol. 1). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Sui, P. C. P. (1952). The sojourner. American Journal of Sociology, 58(1), 3444.Google Scholar
Sumner, W. G. (1940). Folkways: A study of the sociological importance of usages, manners, customs, mores, and morals. New York, NY: Ginn. (Original work published 1906)Google Scholar
Swift, J. (1726). Gulliver’s travels. London, UK: Benjamin Motte.Google Scholar
Szkudlarek, B. (2009). Through Western eyes: Insights into the intercultural training field. Organization Studies, 30(9), 975986.Google Scholar
Szkudlarek, B., & Romani, L. (2017, July). From an imperialist to a responsible agenda: Going beyond the limitations of cross-cultural training models. Paper presented at the 59th Annual Meeting of the Academy of International Business AIB, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.Google Scholar
Taba, H. (1953). Research oriented programs in intergroup education in schools and colleges. Review of Educational Research, 23(4), 362371.Google Scholar
Taba, H., & Van Til, W. (Eds.). (1945). Democratic human relations: Promising practices in intergroup and intercultural education in the social studies (16th yearbook). Washington, DC: National Council for the Social Studies.Google Scholar
The Committee on the University and World Affairs, & Morrill, J. L. (Chairman). (1960). The university and world affairs. New York, NY: The Ford Foundation.Google Scholar
Thomas, W. I., & Znaniecki, F. (1918–1920). The Polish peasant in Europe and America: Monograph of an Immigrant Group (5 volumes). Boston, MA: Richard G. Baxter/Gorham Press.Google Scholar
Ting-Toomey, S. (1988). Intercultural conflict styles: A face-negotiation theory. In Kim, Y. Y. & Gudykunst, W. B. (Eds.), Theories in intercultural communication (pp. 213235). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Ting-Toomey, S. (2014a). Identity negotiation theory: Crossing cultural boundaries. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 211234). Shanghai, China: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. (Original work published 2005)Google Scholar
Ting-Toomey, S. (2014b). The matrix of face: An updated face-negotiation theory. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.). Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 7192). Shanghai, China: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. (Original work published 2005)Google Scholar
Ting-Toomey, S., & Dorjee, T. (2019). Communicating across cultures (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Tönnies, F. (1957). Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft [Community and society] (Loomis, C. P., Trans. & Ed.). East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press. (Original work published 1887, Leipzig, Germany)Google Scholar
Trager, G. L. (1958). Paralinguistics: A first approximation. Studies in Linguistics, 13, 112.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1964). Cultural influences upon cognitive processes. In Berkowitz, L. (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 148). New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (Ed). (1968). Cross-cultural social psychology newsletter. Champaign-Urbana, IL: University of Illinois.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C., et al. (1972). Analysis of subjective culture. New York, NY: Wiley.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (2008). An autobiography: Why did culture shape my career? In Levine, R., Rodrigues, A., & Zelezny, L. (Eds.) Journeys in social psychology: Looking back to inspire the future (pp. 145164). New York, NY: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C., & Berry, J. W. (Eds.). (1979). Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Methodology (Vol. 2). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C., Berry, J. W., Brislin, R. W., Draguns, J. D., Heron, A., & Lonner, W. J. (Eds.). (1979–1981). Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (Vols. 1–6). Rockleigh, NJ: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C., & Brislin, R. W. (1980). Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Social psychology (Vol. 5). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C., & Draguns, J. G. (Eds.). (1981). Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Psychopathy (Vol. 6). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C., & Heron, A. (Eds.). (1980). Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Developmental psychology (Vol. 4). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C., & Lambert, W. W. (Eds.). (1979). Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Perspectives (Vol. 1). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C., & Lonner, W. W. (Eds.). (1980). Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Basic processes (Vol. 3). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C., Vassiliou, V., Vassiliou, G., Tanaka, Y., & Sanmugam, A. V. (1972). The analysis of subjective culture. New York, NY: Wiley.Google Scholar
Truman, H. S. (1948). Executive order 9981. Independence, MO: Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum.Google Scholar
Tylor, E. B. (1871). Primitive culture (Vols. 1–2). London, England: John Murray.Google Scholar
Tzeng, C. S., Landis, D., & Tzeng, D. Y. (2012). Charles E. Osgood’s continuing contributions to intercultural communication and far beyond! International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(6), 832842.Google Scholar
University of Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Studies. (1992). The empire strikes back: Race and racism in 70s Britain. London, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Useem, J., Useem, R. H., & Donoghue, J. D. (1963). Men in the middle of the third-culture: The role of American and non-Western people in cross-cultural administration. Human Organization, 22(3), 169179.Google Scholar
Vickery, W. E., & Cole, S. G. (1943). Intercultural education in American schools: Proposed objectives and methods [BIE Vol. 1, Problems of race and culture in American schools.] New York, NY: Harper.Google Scholar
Vickery, W. E., & Cole, S. G. (Eds.). (1943–1954). Problems of race and culture in American schools (Bureau of Intercultural Education Series, Vols. 1–10). New York, NY: Harper.Google Scholar
Voltaire., (1756). Essai sur les mœurs et l’esprit des nations [Essay on the manners and spirit of nations]. Paris, France: Treuttel et Würtz.Google Scholar
Vygotsky, L. S. (1934). Myshlenie i rech’. [Thinking and speech]. Moscow, Russia: Gosudarstvennoe Sotsial’no-Ekonomicheskoe Izdatel’stvo.Google Scholar
Walford, D. (Ed.). (1977). Antony Ashley Cooper, third earl of Shaftesbury: An inquiry concerning virtue, or merit. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. (Original work published by Cooper, A. A., in 1699).Google Scholar
Wan, C. (2015). Understanding cultural identification through intersubjective cultural representation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46, 12671272.Google Scholar
Wang, Y. A., & Kulich, S. J. (2015). Does context count? Developing and accessing intercultural competence through an interview- and model-based domestic course design in China. (Deardorff & Asaratnam, Eds., Special issue on intercultural communication competence). International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 48(5), 3857. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2015.03.013Google Scholar
Wasilewski, J. [with Renwick, G. W.] (1999, October). Then and now: Catching up with ourselves/The picture without boundaries. SIETAR (25th Anniversary ed.). SIETAR International Communiqué, XXX (2), 48.Google Scholar
Weaver, G. R., (Ed.) (2001). Culture, communication, and conflict: Readings in intercultural relations, (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Publishing.Google Scholar
Weaver, G. R. (2014). The evolution of international communication as a field of study: A personal reflection. In Asante, M. K., Miike, Y. & Yin, J. (Eds.), The global intercultural communication reader, (2nd ed., pp. 3547). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Weber, M. (1976). The Protestant ethic and spirit of capitalism. London, UK: George Allen & Unwin. (Original work published 1904–1905, first English ed. in 1949).Google Scholar
Weber, M. (1978). Wirtschaft und gesellschaft: Classes, stände, partie [Economics and society, “Class, status, party”]. (G. Ruth & C. Wittich, Trans.). Oakland, CA: University of California Press. (Original work published 1922).Google Scholar
Weeks, W. H. (1968). A manual of structured experiences for cross-cultural learning. Chicago, IL: Intercultural Network.Google Scholar
Weeks, W. H., Pedersen, P. B., & Brislin, R. W. (Eds.). (1977). A manual of structured experiences for cross-cultural learning. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Wells, H. B. (1970). International education: The present decade. VIDYA, Journal of the Regional Council for International Education, 15.Google Scholar
Whiting, J. W. M., & Whiting, B. B. (1975). Children of six cultures: A psychocultural analysis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Whorf, B. L. (1956). Language, thought and reality. Cambridge, MA: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Wight, A. (2008, October). Where SIETAR began. In 2008 Global SIETAR conference, Grenada, Spain. Retrieved from: www.sietar-italia.org/cosa-e-sietar.Google Scholar
Wight, A. R., & Hammons, M. A. (1970a). Guidelines for Peace Corps cross-cultural training: Philosophy and methodology (Part I). Washington, DC: Office of Training Support, Peace Corps; and Estes Park, CO: The Center for Research and Education.Google Scholar
Wight, A. R., & Hammons, M. A. (1970b). Guidelines for Peace Corps cross-cultural training: Specific methods and techniques (Part II). Washington, DC: Office of Training Support, Peace Corps, and Estes Park, CO: The Center for Research and Education.Google Scholar
Wight, A. R., Hammons, M. A., & Bing, J. (1969). A draft handbook for cross-cultural and community involvement training. Estes Park, CO: Peace Corps Center for Research and Education.Google Scholar
Wight, A. R., Hammons, M. A., & Wight, W. (1970). Guidelines for Peace Corps cross-cultural trainingEstes Park, CO: Center for Research and Education.Google Scholar
Williams, R. (1958). Culture and society. London, UK: Chatto and Windus.Google Scholar
Williams, R. (1961). The long revolution. London, UK: Penguin.Google Scholar
Williams, R. (1983). Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society (Rev. ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wiseman, R. L. (Ed.). (1995). Intercultural communication theory. International and intercultural communication annual, Vol. XIX. Thousand Oaks, CA: SCA/Sage.Google Scholar
Wundt, W. (1911–1920). Völkerpsychologie: eine Untersuchung der entwicklunsgesetze von sprachen, mythus und sitte. [People-groups psychology: An examination of the development of languages, myths, and customs]. Leipzig, Germany: Kröner.Google Scholar
Wundt, W. (1916). Elements of folk psychology. London, UK: Allen & Unwin. (English translation of the earliest volumes 1911–1920)Google Scholar
Yum, J. O. (1988). Network theory in intercultural communication. In Kim, Y. Y. & Gudykunst, W. B. (Eds.), Theories in intercultural communication (pp. 239258). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Zhang, H. L., & Kulich, S. J. (2012). The quintessential intercultural learner, teacher, and trainer: A preliminary profile of L. Robert Kohls. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(6), 823831. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.08.010Google Scholar

References

Bar-On, R., (1996). The Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i): A test of emotional intelligence. Toronto. Canada: Multi-Health Systems.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (1995). The role of culture theory in cross-cultural training: A comparative evaluation of culture-specific, culture-general, and theory-based assimilators. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2001). Evolution of cultural assimilators: Toward theory-based assimilators. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 25(2), 141163.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2008). Toward an Indian organizational psychology. In Rao, K. R., Paranjpe, A. C., & Dalal, A. K. (Eds.), Handbook of Indian psychology (pp. 471491). New Delhi, India: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2018). Individualism and collectivism. In Kim, Y. Y. (Gen. Ed.) & McKay-Semmler, K. L. (Assoc. Ed.), The international encyclopedia of intercultural communication (Vol. 2, pp. 920929). Malden, MA: Wiley. DOI: 10.1002/9781118783665.Google Scholar
Bond, M. H. (Ed.). (2010). The Oxford handbook of Chinese psychology. Oxford Library of Psychology.Google Scholar
Brewer, M. B., & Chen, Y. R. (2007). Where (who) are collectives in collectivism? Toward conceptual clarification of individualism and collectivism. Psychological Review, 114(1), 133151. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.114.1.133Google Scholar
Chinese Cultural Collection. (1987). Chinese values and the search for culture-free dimensions of culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 18(2), 143164.Google Scholar
Clark, M. S., & Mills, J. (1979). Interpersonal attraction in exchange and communal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(1), 1224.Google Scholar
Clark, M. S., & Mills, J. (1993). The difference between communal and exchange relationships: What it is and is not. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19(6), 684691.Google Scholar
Clark, M. S., Mills, J., & Powell, M. C. (1986). Keeping track of needs in communal and exchange relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(2), 333338.Google Scholar
Côté, S., & Miners, C. T. H. (2006). Emotional intelligence, cognitive intelligence, and job performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51, 128.Google Scholar
DePaulo, B. M. (2006). Singled out: How singles are stereotyped, stigmatized, and ignored, and still live happily ever after. New York, NY: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Fiske, A. P. (1992). The four elementary forms of sociality: Framework for a unified theory of social relations. Psychological Review, 99(4), 689723.Google Scholar
Gelfand, M. J., Raver, J. L., Nishii, L., Leslie, L. M., Lun, J., Lim, B. C., … & Yamaguchi, S. (2011). Differences between tight and loose cultures: A 33-nation study. Science 332(6033), 11001104.Google Scholar
Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. London, UK: HeinemannGoogle Scholar
Goleman, D. (1995), Emotional intelligence New York, NY: Bantam Books.Google Scholar
Hall, E. T. (1959). The silent language. New York, NY: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Hall, E. T. (1966). The hidden dimension. New York, NY: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Haas, J. (1998). A brief consideration of cultural evolution: Stages, agents, and tinkering – Understanding and explaining complexity across time and cultures. Complexity, 3(3), 1221.Google Scholar
Hofestede, G. (1996). Riding the waves of commerce. A test of Trompenaars “model” of national culture differences. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20(2), 189198.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (1980, 2001). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. First published 1980.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (2012). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. In Kulich, S. J., Prosser, M. H., & Weng, L. P. (Eds.), Value frameworks at the theoretical crossroads of culture (pp. 183215). Shanghai, China: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. J., & Pederson, P. (1999). Synthetic cultures: Intercultural learning through simulation games. Simulation & Gaming, 30(4), 415440. DOI: 10.1177/104687819903000402Google Scholar
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (Eds.). (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Hwang, K. K. (1987). Face and favor: The Chinese power game. American Journal of Sociology, 92(4), 944974.Google Scholar
Inglehart, R. (1997). Modernization and postmodernization: Cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Inkles, A. (1969). Making men modern: On the causes and consequences of individual change in six developing countries. American Journal of Sociology, 75(2), 208222.Google Scholar
Inkles, A., & Smith, D. H. (1974). Becoming modern: Individual change in six developing countries. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kluckhohn, F. R., & Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961). Variations in value orientations. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson.Google Scholar
Leung, K., & Bond, M. H. (Eds.). (2009). Beliefs around the world: Advancing research on social axioms. New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Lomax, A., & Berkowitz, N. (1972). The evolutionary taxonomy of culture. Science, 177(4045), 228239.Google Scholar
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224253. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.98.2.224Google Scholar
Mayer, J. D., Caruso, D. R., & Salovey, P. (2016). The ability model of emotional intelligence: Principles and updates. Emotion Review, 8(4), 290300.Google Scholar
Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1993). The intelligence of emotional intelligence. Intelligence, 17(4), pp. 433442.Google Scholar
McGuire, R. H. (1983). Breaking down cultural complexity: Inequality and heterogeneity. In Advances in archaeological method and theory (pp. 91142). Academic Press.Google Scholar
Megías, A., Gómez-Leal, R., Gutiérrez-Cobo, M. J., Cabello, R., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2018). The relationship between trait psychopathy and emotional intelligence: A meta-analytic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 84, 198203.Google Scholar
Miao, C., Humphrey, R. H., Qian, S., & Pollack, J. M. (2019). The relationship between emotional intelligence and the dark triad personality traits: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Research in Personality, 78, 189197.Google Scholar
Minkov, M. (2012). Expanding Hofstede’s model with new dimensions from the World Values Survey and national statistics. In Kulich, S. J., Prosser, M. H., & Weng, L. P. (Eds.), Value frameworks at the theoretical crossroads of culture (pp. 217237). Shanghai, China: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.Google Scholar
Minkov, M., Blagoev, V., & Hofstede, G. (2013). The boundaries of culture: Do questions about societal norms reveal cultural differences? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(7), 10941106.Google Scholar
Minkov, M., & Hofstede, G. (2013). Cross-cultural analysis: The science and art of comparing the world’s modern societies and their cultures. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Morgan, L. L. (1877). Ancient society. New York, NY: D. Appleton.Google Scholar
Murdock, G. P., & Provost, C. (1973). Measurement of cultural complexity. Ethnology, 12(4), 379392.Google Scholar
Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 372. DOI: 10.1037//0033-2909.128.1.3Google Scholar
Parsons, T., & Shils, E. (Eds.). (1951). Toward a general theory of action: Theoretical foundations for the social sciences. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Pelto, P. J. (1968). The differences between “tight” and “loose” societies. Transaction, 5(5), 3740.Google Scholar
Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, cognition and personality, 9(3), 185211.Google Scholar
Sánchez-Álvarez, N., Extremera, N., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2016). The relation between emotional intelligence and subjective well-being: A meta-analytic investigation. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(3), 276285.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theory and empirical tests in 20 countries. In Zanna, M. (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 165). New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. (2012a). Robustness and fruitfulness of a theory of universals in individual values (The PVQ). In Kulich, S. J., Prosser, M. H., & Weng, L. P. (Eds.), Value frameworks at the theoretical crossroads of culture (pp. 295338). Shanghai, China: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. (2012b). Mapping and interpreting cultural differences around the world. In Kulich, S. J., Prosser, M. H., & Weng, L. P. (Eds.), Value frameworks at the theoretical crossroads of culture (pp. 339379). Shanghai, China: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. (2012c). Basic human values: Their content and structure across cultures. In Kulich, S. J., Prosser, M. H., & Weng, L. P. (Eds.), Value frameworks at the theoretical crossroads of culture (pp. 257294). Shanghai, China: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.Google Scholar
Smith, D. H., & Inkeles, A. (1966). The OM scale: A comparative socio-psychological measure of individual modernity. Sociometry, 353–377.Google Scholar
Thorndike, E. (1911). Animal intelligence. London, UK: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1975). Culture training, cognitive complexity, and interpersonal attitudes. In Brislin, R., Bochner, S., & Lonner, W. (Eds.), Cross-cultural perspectives on learning (pp. 3977). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1989). The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review, 96, 506520. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.96.3.506Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1990). Cross-cultural studies of individualism and collectivism. In Bremen, J. (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation, 1989 (pp. 41133). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1990). Theoretical concepts that are applicable to the analysis of ethnocentrism. In Brislin, R. W. (Ed.), Applied cross-cultural psychology (pp. 3455). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1994). Culture and social behavior. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (2006). Cultural intelligence in organizations. Group & Organization Management, 31(1), 2026.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C., & Bhawuk, D. P. S. (1997). Culture theory and the meaning of relatedness. In Earley, P. C. & Erez, M. (Eds.), New perspectives on international industrial/organizational psychology (pp. 1352). New York, NY: The New Lexington Free Press.Google Scholar
Trompenaars, F. (1985). The organization of meaning and the meaning of organization. [Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation]. The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Trompenaars, F. (1993). Riding the waves of culture: understanding cultural diversity in business. London, UK: The Economist Books.Google Scholar

References

Albert, R. D. (1983). The intercultural sensitizer or culture assimilator: A cognitive approach. In Landis, D. & Brislin, R. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training: Issues in training methodologies (Vol. 2, pp. 186217). Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Albert, R. D. (1995). The intercultural sensitizer/culture assimilator as a cross-cultural training method. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 1, pp. 157167). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Alden, J., & Kirkhorn, J. (1996). Case studies. In Craig, R. L. (Ed.), The ASTD training and development handbook. A guide to human resource development (4th ed., pp. 497–516). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Ang, S., & Van Dyne, L., (2008). Conceptualization of cultural intelligence: Definition, distinctiveness, and nomological network. In Ang, S., & Van Dyne, L. (Eds.), Handbook on cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement and applications (pp. 3–15). Armonk, NY: M. E. SharpeGoogle Scholar
Arthur, N. (2001). Using critical incidents to investigate cross-cultural transitions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 25(1), 4153.Google Scholar
Batchelder, D. (1993). Using critical incidents. In Gochenour, T. (Ed.), Beyond experience: The experiential approach to cross-cultural education (2nd ed., pp. 101–112). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Bathurst, L. A. (2015). Culture specific/culture general. In Bennett, J. M. (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of intercultural competence (Vol. 1., pp. 210212). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Baxter, J., & Ramsey, S. (1996). Improvising Critical Incidents. In Seelye, N. H. (Ed.). Experiential activities for intercultural learning (Vol. 1., pp. 211218). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Bennett, J. M. (Ed.). (2015). The Sage encyclopedia of intercultural competence (Vols. 1–2). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Bennett, J. M., & Bennett, M. J. (2003). Becoming a skillful intercultural facilitator [Training material]. Portland, OR: Summer Institute for Intercultural Communication.Google Scholar
Bennett, M. J. (1995). Critical incidents in an intercultural conflict-resolution exercise. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 1, pp. 147–156). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Berney, M. G. (1999). Field studies: Individual and group trips, expeditions, and hunts. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 175– 183). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Bersin, J. (2004). The blended learning book: Best practices, proven methodologies, and lessons learned. Wiley.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (1998). The role of culture theory in cross-cultural training: A multimethod study of culture-specific, culture-general, and culture theory-based assimilators. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29(5), 630655.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2001). Evolution of culture assimilators: Toward theory-based assimilators. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 25(2), 141163.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (2009). Intercultural communication in a dynamic environment: Preparing managers of developing and developed countries using cultural standards. Psychology and Developing Societies, 21(2), 161181.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S., & Brislin, R. W. (2000). Cross-cultural training: A review. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49, 162191.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S., Munusamy, V. P., & Sakuda, K. H. (2010). Preparing Managers for Intercultural Leadership: Application of an Economy-Based Theoretical Framework. In Leong, C. H. & Berry, J. W. (Eds.), Intercultural Relations In Asia: Migration and Work Effectiveness (pp. 69103). Singapore: World Scientific.Google Scholar
Blohm, J. M. (1995). Markhall: A comparative corporate-culture simulation. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 1, pp. 109–115). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Blohm, J. M. (1996). Where in the world are you going? Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Blohm, J. M. (1997). The cocktail party: Exploring nonverbal communication. In Richards, J. C. (Series Ed.) & Fantini, A. E. (Vol. Ed.), New ways in teaching culture. New ways in TESOL Series 11: Innovative classroom techniques. Alexandria, VA: TESOL.Google Scholar
Boyle, D. (Director), & Colson, C. (Producer), (2008). Slumdog Millionaire [Motion picture]. United States: 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W. (1993). Understanding culture's influence on behavior. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W. (1995). The culture-general assimilator. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 1, pp. 169–177). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., Cushner, K., Cherrie, C., & Yong, M. (1986). Intercultural interactions: A practical guide. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Brown, C., & Knight, K. (1999). Introduction to self-awareness inventories. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 19–30). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Cardon, P. W. (2010). Using films to learn about the nature of cross-cultural stereotypes in cross-cultural business communication coursesBusiness Communication Quarterly, 73(2), 150165.Google Scholar
Carr-Ruffino, N. (2002). Managing diversity: People skills for a multicultural workplace (5th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Pearson Custom.Google Scholar
Casse, P. (1999). The four-value orientation exercise using a self-awareness inventory. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 31–44). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Chadha, G. (Director), & Nayer, D. (Producer), (2002). Bend It Like Beckham [Motion picture]. United States: 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.Google Scholar
Champoux, J. (1999). Film as a teaching resource. Journal of Management Inquiry, 8, 206217.Google Scholar
Chase, M., Macfadyen, L., Reeder, K., & Roche, J. (2002, August). Intercultural challenges in networked learning: Hard technologies meet soft skills. First Monday, 7(8). Retrieved August 20, 2003, from http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue 7_8/chase/index.htmlGoogle Scholar
Chase, M., Rolston, K., Macfadyen, L., & English, A. (2002, November). Designing and moderating online intercultural courses. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Intercultural Education, Training and Research (SIETAR-USA), Portland, OR.Google Scholar
Chu, P. (1996). The culture compass. In Seelye, H. N. (Ed.), Experiential activities for intercultural learning (pp. 155170). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Cushner, K. (1989). Assessing the impact of a culture-general assimilator: An approach to cross cultural training. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 13(2), 125146.Google Scholar
Cushner, K., & Brislin, R. W. (1996). Intercultural interactions: A practical guide (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Cushner, K., & Brislin, R. W. (1997). Key concepts in the field of cross-cultural training: An introduction. In Cushner, K. & Brislin, W. (Eds.), Improving intercultural interactions: Modules for cross-cultural training programs (Vol. 2, pp. 1–20). Thousand Oaks, CA: SageGoogle Scholar
Cyr, R. (1999). A primer for designing and using participant training manuals. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 195–202). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Dant, W. (1995). Using critical incidents as a tool for reflection. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 1, pp. 141–146). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Deardorff, R. K. (2015a). Assessments of intercultural competence. In Bennett, J. M. (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of intercultural competence (Vol. 1, pp. 1720). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Deardorff, R. K. (2015b). Definitions: Knowledge, skills, attitudes. In Bennett, J. M. (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of intercultural competence (Vol. 1, pp. 217220). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
DeMello, C. (1995). Acting the culture contrast. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 1, pp. 59–68). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
DiSabatino, J., & Oliver, J. (2002, July). Training 101. Training + Development, pp. 15–16.Google Scholar
Earley, P. C., & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Fantini, A. E. (1995). Aba-Zak: A worldview exercise. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 19(2), 297302.Google Scholar
Fantini, A. E. (Vol. Ed.), & Richards, J. C. (Series Ed.). (1997). New ways in teaching culture. New ways in TESOL Series II: Innovative classroom techniques. Alexandria, VA: TESOL.Google Scholar
Fennes, H., & Hapgood, K. (1997). Intercultural learning in the classroom. London, UK: Cassell.Google Scholar
Fiedler, F., Mitchell, T., & Triandis, H. (1971). The culture assimilator: An approach to cross-cultural training. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55, 95102.Google Scholar
Flanagan, J. C. 1954. The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 51(4), 327358.Google Scholar
Foreign Service Institute (Producer). (2000). Crisis Response [Motion picture]. Washington, DC: Overseas Briefing Center, US Department of State.Google Scholar
Fowler, S. M. (2015). Simulations and games. In Bennett, J. M. (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of intercultural competence (Vol. 2, pp. 755756). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Fowler, S. M., & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.). (1995). Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 1). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Fowler, S. M., & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.). (1999a). Intercultural sourcebook. Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Fowler, S. M., & Mumford, M. G. (1999b). Small group exercises as intercultural training tools. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 113121). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Fowler, S. M., & Pusch, M. (2011). Intercultural simulation games: State of the art in the United States (and beyond). Simulation & Gaming, 41(1), 94115.Google Scholar
Fowler, S. M., & Silberstein, F. J. (2001, July). Art and culture [Training material]. Portland, OR: Summer Institute for Intercultural Communication.Google Scholar
Gardenswartz, L., & Rowe, A. (2010). Managing diversity: A complete desk reference & planning guide (3rd ed.). Alexandria, VA: Society for Human Resource Management.Google Scholar
Gochenour, T. (Ed.). (1993). Beyond Experience: The experiential approach to cross-cultural education (2nd ed.). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Graham, C. R. (2006). Blended learning systems. In Bonk, C. J. & Graham, C. R. (Eds.), The handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives, local designs (pp. 321). San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer Publishing.Google Scholar
Grove, C., & Hallowell, W. (2001). Randömia Balloon Factory: A unique simulation for working across the cultural divide. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Gudykunst, W. B., Guzley, R. M., & Hammer, M. R. (1996). Designing intercultural training. In Landis, D. & Bhagat, R. S. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (2nd ed., pp. 6180). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Hall, E. T. (1959). The silent language. Greenwich, CT: Fawcett.Google Scholar
Hammer, M. R., & Bennett, M. J. (2001). The Intercultural Development Inventory [Instrument]. Portland, OR: Intercultural Communication Institute.Google Scholar
Hartley, C., & Lapinsky, T. (1999). Piglish: A language learning simulation. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 131141). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. J., Pedersen, P. B., & Hofstede, G. H. (2002). Exploring culture: Exercises, stories and synthetic cultures. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Hopkins, R. S. (1999). Using videos as training tools. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 73112). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Horton, W. (2002, November). Horseless carriage thinking. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the North American Simulation and Gaming Association, San Diego, CA. Available at www.horton.comGoogle Scholar
Howard, R. (Director Executive Producer), Ganz, T. (Producer), & Blum, D. (Producer). (1986). Gung Ho [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures.Google Scholar
Ito, K., & Triandis, H. C. (1989). Culture assimilator for Japanese visiting the United States. Department of Psychology, University of Illinois.Google Scholar
Jeffcoat, J. (Director), & Gorai, T. (Producer). (2006). Outsourced [Motion picture]. United States: ShadowCatcher Entertainment.Google Scholar
Kayes, D. C., Kayes, A., & Kolb, D. A. (2005) Experiential learning in teams, Simulation & Gaming, 36(3):330354.Google Scholar
Kelley, C., & Meyers, J. (1995). The cross-cultural adaptability inventory: Self-assessment. Minneapolis, MN: NCS Pearson.Google Scholar
Kimball, A. (2002, November). Blended learning. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the North American Simulation and Gaming Association, San Diego, CA. Retrieved March 3, 2003, from www.qube.comGoogle Scholar
Kimmel, P. R. (1995). Facilitating the contrast-culture method. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 1, pp. 6979). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Kirkpatrick, D. L. (1960). Techniques for evaluating training programs. Journal of the American Society of Training Directors, 14(1), 1318, 2832.Google Scholar
Kluckhohn, R., & Strodtbeck, R. (1961). Variations in value orientation. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Knowles, M. (1970). The modern practice of adult education. Chicago, IL: Associated Press.Google Scholar
Kohls., L. R. (with Brussow, H. L.). (1995). Training know-how for cross-cultural and diversity trainers. Duncanville, TX: Adult Learning Systems.Google Scholar
Kohls, L. R. (1999a). Conceptual model for country/area studies. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 273284). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Kohls, L. R. (1999b). A selection of small group exercises. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 143153). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Kohls, L. R., & Knight, J. M. (1994). Developing intercultural awareness: A cross-cultural training handbook (2nd ed.). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Kolb, D. A., & Lewis, L. H. (1986). Facilitating experiential learning: Observations and reflections. In Lewis, L. H. (Ed.), Experiential and simulation techniques for teaching adults (pp. 99107). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Kraemer, A. J. (1999). A method for developing deep cultural self-awareness through intensive practice. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 225239). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Lacey, L., & Trowbridge, J. (1995). In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 1, pp. 187195). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Landis, D., & Miller, A. (1973). The army culture assimilator: Interaction with black soldiers. Philadelphia, PA: Center for Social DevelopmentGoogle Scholar
Lane, H. W., & DiStefano, J. J. (1988). International management behavior: From policy to practice. Scarborough, Ontario, Canada: Nelson.Google Scholar
Lippard, L. (1990). Mixed blessings: Art in multicultural America. New York, NY: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Littrell, L. N., Salas, E., Hess, K. P., Paley, M., & Riedel, S. (2006). Expatriate preparation: A critical analysis of 25 years of cross-cultural training research. Human Resource Development Review, 5, 355388.Google Scholar
Mallinger, M., & Rossy, G. (2003). Film as lens for teaching culture: Balancing concepts, ambiguity, and paradox. Journal of Management Education, 27, 608624.Google Scholar
McCaffery, J. A. (1995). The role play: A powerful but difficult training tool. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 1, pp. 1725). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
McCaig, N. M. (1999). The Malonarian cultural expedition team: Exploring behavioral reflections of mainstream U.S. values. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 155166). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Mikk, B. K. (2015). Training intercultural trainers. In Bennett, J.M. (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of intercultural competence (Vol. 2, pp. 814818). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Moran, R. T., Braaten, D. O., & Walsh, J. E. (Eds.). (1994). International business case studies for the multicultural marketplace. Houston, TX: Gulf.Google Scholar
Myers, I. B. (1962). The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.Google Scholar
Nava, G. (Director), & Thomas, A. (Producer). (1983). El Norte [Motion picture]. United States: American Playhouse.Google Scholar
Ng, K.Y., Van Dyne, L., & Ang, S. (2009). From experience to experiential learning: Cultural intelligence as a learning capability for global leader development. Academy of Management of Management Learning and Education, 8, 511526.Google Scholar
Nickols, F. W. (1990, January). Why those darned training problems won't go away. Performance & Instruction, pp. 13–15.Google Scholar
Nipporica Associates. (1993). Ecotonos: A multicultural problem-solving simulation. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Osland, J. S. (2015). Global leadership development. In Bennett, J. M. (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of intercultural competence (Vol. 1, pp. 1720). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Paige, R. M. (Ed.). (1993). Education for the intercultural experience (2nd ed.). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Corps., Peace (2003a). A community economic development (CED) training guide for Peace Corps volunteers. Retrieved August 21, 2003, from www.peace.corps.gov/library/pdf/M0069 cedeomplete.pdfGoogle Scholar
Corps., Peace (2003b). The roles of the volunteer in development. Available from Peace Corps Online Library Web site, www.peace.corps.gov/library/pdf/TO005 rvidcomplete.pdfGoogle Scholar
Corps, Peace, (2003c). Working with NGOs. Washington, DC: Peace Corps, Information Collection and Exchange.Google Scholar
Corps., Peace (2003d). Building Bridges: A Peace Corps Classroom Guide to Cross-Cultural Understanding. Retrieved October 11, 2015, from http://files.peacecorps.gov/wws/pdf/BuildingBridges.pdfGoogle Scholar
Pfeiffer, J. W., & Ballew, A. C. (1988). Using case studies, simulations, and games in human resource development (UA Training Technologies Series 5). San Diego, CA: University Associates.Google Scholar
Powers, R. B. (1999). An alien among us: A diversity game. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Pusch, M. D. (Ed.). (1979). Multicultural education: A cross-cultural training approach. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Rae, L. (1999 ). Using activities in training and development (2nd ed.). Sterling, VA: Stylus.Google Scholar
Ramsey, S. (1999). Adapting intercultural methods for training across cultures. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.). Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 323332). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Reddin, W., & Rowell, K. (1976). Culture Shock Inventory [Instrument]. Fredericton, New Brunswick: Organizational Tests.Google Scholar
Renwick, G. W. (1999). Culture-specific training: China. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 285321). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Roell, C. (2010). Intercultural Training with Films. English Teaching Forum, v48 n2 p2–15 2010 (http://exchanges.state.gov/englishteaching/forum/archives/docs/files-folder111111/48_2-etf-intercultural-training-with-films.pdf)Google Scholar
Schingen, K. M. (2002). Archie Bunkers neighborhood. Simulation conducted at the 3rd annual meeting of the Society for Intercultural Education, Training, and Research USA (SUSA), Portland, OR.Google Scholar
Sebera, G. T. (2015). Coaching for intercultural competence. In Bennett, J. M. (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of intercultural competence (Vol. 1, pp. 5458). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Seelye, H. N. (Ed.). (1996). Experiential activities for intercultural learning. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Shirts, R. G. (1970). StarPower. Del Mar, CA: Simile II.Google Scholar
Shirts, R. G. (1974). BaFá BaFá: A cross-cultural simulation. Del Mar, CA: Simile II.Google Scholar
Shirts, R. G. (1976). RaFá RaFá: A cross-cultural simulation. Del Mar, CA: Simile II.Google Scholar
Shirts, R. G. (1992). Pumping the colors. Del Mar, CA: Simulation Training Systems.Google Scholar
Shirts, R. G. (1993). StarPower. Del Mar, CA: Simulation Training Systems.Google Scholar
Shirts, R. G. (1995). Beyond ethnocentrism: Promoting cross-cultural understanding with BaFá BaFá. In Fowler, S. M. (Ed.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 1, pp. 93100). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Silberstein, F. (2020). Art inSight. Chicago, IL: Intellectual Press.Google Scholar
Silberstein, F. J., & Sisk, D. A. (1999). Visual imagery as a training tool. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 185194). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Silverman, M. (1995). 101 ways to make training active. San Diego, CA: Pfeiffer.Google Scholar
Singelis, T. M. (Ed.). (1998). Teaching about culture, ethnicity und diversity: Exercises and planned activities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Sisk, D. A. (1995). Simulation games as training tools. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 1, pp. 8192). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Stewart, E. C., & Bennett, M. J. (1991). American cultural patterns: A cross-cultural perspective (Rev. ed.). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Stewart, E. C., Danielian, J., & Foster, R. J. (1969). Simulating intercultural communication through role-playing (TR 69-7). Alexandria, VA: Human Resources Research Organization.Google Scholar
Storti, C. (1994). Cross-cultural dialogues: 74 brief encounters with cultural difference. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Storti, C. (1999). Cross-cultural dialogues. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 203209). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Storti, C. (2001). Old world/new world. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Storti, C., & Bennhold-Samaan, L. (1997). Culture matters: The Peace Corps cross-cultural workbook (ICE Pub. No. TOO87). Washington, DC: Peace Corps, Information Collection and Exchange.Google Scholar
Stringer, D., & Cassiday, P. (2003). 52 activities for exploring values differences. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Summerfield, E. (1994). Crossing cultures through film. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Summerfield., E., & Lee, S. (2001). Seeing the big picture: Exploring American cultures on film. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Thiagarajan, S. (1991). Games by Thiagi. Bloomington, IN: Workshops by Thiagi.Google Scholar
Thiagarajan, S. (1994). Lecture games: From passive presentations to interactive instruction. Amherst, MA: HRD Press.Google Scholar
Thiagarajan, S. (with Thiagarajan, R.). (2003a). Design your own games and activities: Thiagi's templates for performance improvement. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Thiagarajan, S. (2003b, March). The library and the playground. Play for Performance. Retrieved August 19, 2003, from www.thiagi .com/pfp/Genericomarch 2003.html#E-LearningGoogle Scholar
Thiagarajan, S., & Steinwachs, B. (1990). Barnga: A simulation game on cultural clashes. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Thiagarajan, S., & Thiagarajan, R. (1995a). Diversity simulation games: Exploring and celebrating differences. Amherst, MA: HRD Press.Google Scholar
Thiagarajan, S., & Thiagarajan, R. (1995b). Interactive lectures: Add participation to your presentation. Amherst, MA: HRD Press.Google Scholar
Thiagarajan, S., & Thiagarajan, R. (2000). Frame games by Thiagi. Bloomington, IN: Workshops by Thiagi.Google Scholar
Tidwell, C. H. Jr. (2001, November). Fools rush in: Developing cross-cultural sensitivity using ilm-based group projects. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association, Atlanta, GA.Google Scholar
Tolbert, A. S. S. (1990). Venezuelan culture assimilator: Incidents designed for training US professionals conducting business in Venezuela. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota.Google Scholar
Tjosvold, D. (1991). Team organization. An enduring competitive advantage. Chichester, UK: Wiley.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. (1994). Culture and social behavior. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. (1995). Culture-specific assimilators. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 179186). Yarmouth. ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Tucker, M. F. (1999). Self-awareness and development using the Overseas Assignment Inventory. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 4552). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
United Nation Secretariat, Office of Human Resources Management (Producer) (1996). The Agenda Is Peace [Motion picture for internal use only]. New York.Google Scholar
Varner, I., & Beamer, L. (2005). Intercultural communication in the global workplace (3rd ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Verluyten, S. P. (2007). Cultures: From observation to understanding. Leuven, Belgium: ACCO.Google Scholar
Verluyten, S. P. (2008, October). The use of video excerpts in intercultural training. Paper presented at the 73rd Annual Convention of the Association for Business Communication, Lake Tahoe, NV.Google Scholar
Vink, C. D. (1989). Development of an intercultural sensitizer training program for Americans going to China. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Temple University.Google Scholar
Wang, M. M., Brislin, R. W., Wang, W., Williams, D., & Chao, J. H. (2000). Turning bricks into jade: Critical incidents for mutual understanding among Chinese and Americans. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Wankel, M. J., & Gowda, S. (2002, November). Implementing strategies for blended e-learning with gaming simulations. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the North American Simulation and Gaming Association, San Diego, CA.Google Scholar
Wight, A. (1995). The critical incident as a training tool. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 1, pp. 127140). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Wight, A. (1999). Cross-cultural analysis as a training tool. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 211224). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Worchel, S., & Mitchell, T. R. (1972). An evaluation of the effectiveness of the culture assimilator in Thailand and Greece. Journal of Applied Psychology, 56, 472479Google Scholar
Wurzel, J. (Producer). (1993). A Different Place: The Intercultural Classroom (Parts 1–2) [Motion picture]. Newtonville, MA: Intercultural Resource Corporation.Google Scholar
Youth for Understanding. (1985, 1995). Volunteers in Intercultural Programs [Training manual series]. J. Bethesda, MD.Google Scholar
Zwick, J. (Director), & Wilson, R. (Producer). (2002). My Big Fat Greek Wedding [Motion picture]. United States: HBO Films.Google Scholar

References

Albert, R. D. (1983). The intercultural sensitizer or culture assimilator: A cognitive approach. In Landis, D. & Brislin, R. W. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training: Issues in training methodology (Vol. 2, pp. 186217). New York: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Ansbacher, H., & Ansbacher, R. (1946). The individual psychology of Alfred Adler. New York, NY: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Becker, E. (1971). The birth and death of meaning (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Berney, M. G. (1999). Field studies: Individual and group trips, expeditions and hunts. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 175183). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (1990). Cross-cultural orientation programs. In Brislin, R. (Ed.), Applied cross-cultural psychology (pp. 325346). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Blohm, J. M. (1995). Markhall: A comparative corporate-culture simulation. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M.G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training method (pp.109116). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W. (1989). Intercultural communication training. In Asante, M. K., Gudykunst, W. B., & Newmark, E. (Eds.), Handbook of international and intercultural communication. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W. (1993). Understanding culture’s influence on behavior. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., Cushner, K., Cherrie, C., & Yong, M. (1986). Intercultural interactions: A practical guide. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., Landis, D., & Brandt, M. E. (1983). Conceptualization of intercultural behavior and training. In Landis, D. & Brislin, R. W. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training. Oxford, U.K.Google Scholar
Cushner, K., & Brislin, R. W. (1996). Intercultural interactions: A practical guide (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Cushner, K., & Landis, D. (1996). Handbook of intercultural training. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Eun, D., & Patton, B. (1996). The grocery store. Program on Negotiation. Cambridge, MA:Harvard Law School.Google Scholar
Fiedler, F. E., Mitchell, T. R., & Triandis, H. C. (1971). The culture assimilator: An approach to cross-cultural training. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55, 95102.Google Scholar
Flanagan, J. C. (1954). The critical incident technique. Psychological bulletin, 51, 327358.Google Scholar
Fowler, S. M., & Blohm, J. M. (2004). An analysis of methods of intercultural training. In Landis, D., Bennett, J. M., & Bennett, M. J. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (3rd ed., pp. 3786). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Fowler, S. M., & Mumford, M. G. (1995). Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (1982). The self-serving attribution bias: Beyond self-presentation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 172179.Google Scholar
Greenberg, J., & Rosenfield, D. (1979). Whites ethnocentrism and their attributions for the behavior of Blacks: A motivational bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 643657.Google Scholar
Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., & Pyszczynski, T.(1997). Terror management theory of self-esteem and cultural worldviews: Empirical assessments and conceptual refinements. In Zanna, M. P. (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, 29. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, Inc.Google Scholar
Gochenour, T. (1977a). The albatross. In Batchelder, D. & Warner, E. G. (Eds.), Beyond experience: The experiential approach to cross-cultural education (pp. 131136). Brattleboro, VT: Experiment Press.Google Scholar
Gochenour, T. (1977b). The owl. In Batchelder, D. & Warner, E. G. (Eds.), Beyond experience: The experiential approach to cross-cultural education (pp. 125130). Brattleboro, VT: Experiment Press.Google Scholar
Gudykunst, W. B., & Hammer, M. R. (1983). Basic training design: Approaches to Intercultural training. Handbook of intercultural training, 118–154. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-027533-8.50011-7Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G., Pedersen, P. B., & Hofstede, G. H. (2002). Exploring culture: Exercises, stories and synthetic cultures. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Huntington, S. P. (1996).The clash of civilizations: Remaking of world order. New York, NY: Touchstone.Google Scholar
Kohls, L. R. (1999a). Conceptual model for country/area studies. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 2, pp. 143153).Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Kraemer, A. J. (1999). A method for developing deep cultural self-awareness through intensive practice. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural Training Methods (Vol. 2, pp. 225239). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press Activities and Multicultural Counseling Competence Training.Google Scholar
Linville, P. W. (1998). The heterogeneity of homogeneity. In Darley, J. M. & Cooper, J. (Eds.), Attribution and social interaction: The legacy of Edward E. Jones (pp. 423462). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Marsella, A. J. (2005). Culture and conflict. Understanding, negotiating, and reconciling conflicting constructions of reality. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 651673.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 6585.Google Scholar
Pusch, M. D. (2004). Intercultural training in historical perspective. In Bennett, J. M., Bennett, M. J., & Landis, D. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Ross, L. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortion in the attribution process. In Berkowitz, L. (Ed.). Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 10). New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Safiere, D. M. H. (1995). Ecotonos: A multicultural problem-solving simulation. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 1, pp. 8391). Boston, MA: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Salzman, M. (1990). The construction of an intercultural sensitizer for training non-Navajo personnel. The Journal of American Indian Education, 30, 2533.Google Scholar
Salzman, M. (1991). A Navajo intercultural Sensitizer. Fairbanks, AK: Center for Cross-Cultural Studies College of Rural Alaska, University of Alaska Fairbanks.Google Scholar
Salzman, M. (1995). Attributional discrepancies and biases in cross-cultural interactions. The Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 23, 181193.Google Scholar
Salzman, M. (2001a). Cultural trauma and recovery: Perspectives from terror management theory. Trauma, Violence & Abuse: A Review Journal, 2(2), 172191.Google Scholar
Salzman, M. (2001b). Globalization, culture & anxiety. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 10(4), 337352.Google Scholar
Salzman, M. (2003). Existential anxiety, religious fundamentalism, the “clash of civilizations” and terror management theory. Cross Cultural Psychology Bulletin 37(3), 1016.Google Scholar
Salzman, M. (2006, July). Multiculturalism and the limits of cultural relativism. In D. P. S. Bhawuk (Convenor), Hawaii as a Model of Multiculturalism for the Global Village: Issues and Prospects. Symposium conducted at the XVII International Congress International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. Spetses, Greece.Google Scholar
Salzman, M. (2012). Ethno-cultural conflict and cooperation in Hawai‘i. In Landis, D. & Albert, R. (Eds.), Handbook of ethno-political conflict (pp. 2144). New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Sherif, M., Harvey, O. J., White, B. J., Hood, W. R., & Sherif, C. W. (1954). Experimental study of positive and negative intergroup attitudes between experimentally produced groups. Robber’s Cave Study. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Shirts, G. (1974). BAFA-BAFA: A cross-cultural simulation. Del Mar, CA: Simile II.Google Scholar
Shirts, G. (2013). Starpower. Del Mar, CA: Simile II.Google Scholar
Simon, B. (1992). The perception of ingroup homogeneity: Reintroducing the intergroup context. European Review of Social Psychology. 3(1), 130.Google Scholar
Sisk (1995). Simulation games as training tools. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (pp. 8192). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Smith, L. T. (2012). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and indigenous peoples (2nd ed.). London & New York: Zen Books.Google Scholar
Steinwachs, B. (1995). Barnga: A game for all seasons. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods. Boston, MA: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Stewart, E. C. (1966). The simulation of cultural differences. Journal of Communication, 16(4), 291305.Google Scholar
Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific American, 223, 96102.Google Scholar
Thiagaraja, S. (1990). Barnga. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1977). Theoretical framework for evaluation of cross-cultural training effectiveness. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 1, 1945.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Wight, A. (1999). Cross-cultural analysis as a training tool. In Fowler, S. M. & Mumford, M. G. (Eds.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods (Vol. 1, pp. 127140). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar

References

Adler, N. J. (1981). Re-entry: Managing cross-cultural transitions. Group & Organization Studies, 6(3), 341356.Google Scholar
Anderson, G. M., & Christie, T. L. (1982). Networks: The impetus for new research initiatives. Research in Race and Ethnic Relations, 3, 207225.Google Scholar
Aşkar, P. (2011). Social network analysis for e-learning environments. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28, 992. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.183Google Scholar
Au, K. Y., & Fukuda, J. (2002). Boundary spanning behaviors of expatriates. Journal of World Business, 37(4), 285296.Google Scholar
Bastian, M., Heymann, S., & Jacomy, M. (2009). Gephi: An open source software for exploring and manipulating networks. International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media.Google Scholar
Batagelj, V., & Mrvar, A. (1996). Pajek – Program for large network analysis. Ljubljana, Slovenia: University of Ljubljana. Retrieved from http://vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si/pub/networks/pajek/Google Scholar
Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46(1), 534.Google Scholar
Berry, J. W. (1999). Intercultural relations in plural societies. Canadian Psychology, 40(1), 1221. DOI: 10.1037/h0086823Google Scholar
Berry, J. W. (2003). Conceptual approaches to acculturation. In Chun, K. M., Organista, P. B., & Marin, G. (Eds.), Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research (pp. 1737). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S., Landis, D., & Lo, K. D. (2006). Intercultural training. In Sam, D. L. & Berry, J. W. (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology (pp. 504524). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Black, J. S., Gregersen, H. B., & Mendenhall, M. E. (1992). Toward a theoretical framework of repatriation adjustment. Journal of International Business Studies, 23(4), 737.Google Scholar
Borgatti, S. P., Everett, M. G., & Freeman, L. C. (2002). Ucinet for Windows: Software for social network analysis. Harvard, MA: Analytic Technologies.Google Scholar
Borgatti, S. P., & Foster, P. C. (2003). The network paradigm in organizational research: A review and typology. Journal of Management, 29(6), 9911013.Google Scholar
Borgatti, S. P., Mehra, A., Brass, D. J., & Labianca, G. (2009). Network analysis in the social sciences. Science, 323(5916), 892895.Google Scholar
Brabant, S., Palmer, C. E., & Gramling, R. (1990). Returning home: An empirical investigation of cross-cultural reentry. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14(4), 387404. DOI: 10.1016/0147-1767(90)90027-TGoogle Scholar
Brass, D. J., Labianca, G., Mehra, A., Halgin, D. S., & Borgatti, S. P. (Eds.). (2014). Contemporary perspectives on organizational social networks (Vol. 40). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.Google Scholar
Burt, R. S. 1992. Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Cassarino, J.-P. (2004). Theorising return migration: The conceptual approach to return migrants revisited. International Journal on Multicultural Societies (UNESCO), 6(2), 253279.Google Scholar
Chang, Y. (2009). A qualitative study of temporary reentry from significant others’ perspective. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33(3), 259263. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.02.002Google Scholar
Cheng, J. (2016). Reentry adaptation of young returned migrant workers: A case study of City L in Yanbian State (Jilin Province). Youth Exploration 3, 5665 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Chi, R. (2018). Toward a network theory of acculturation. Shanghai, China: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press.Google Scholar
Chi, R., & Suthers, D. (2015). Assessing intercultural communication competence as a relational construct using social network analysis. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 48, 108119. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2015.03.011Google Scholar
Chirkov, V. (2009). Critical psychology of acculturation: What do we study and how do we study it, when we investigate acculturation? International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33(2), 94105.Google Scholar
Cox, J. B. (2004). The role of communication, technology, and cultural identity in repatriation adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 28(3–4), 201219. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2004.06.005Google Scholar
Cox, P. L., Khan, R. H., & Armani, K. A. (2013). Repatriate adjustment and turnover: The role of expectations and perceptions. Review of Business & Finance Studies, 4(1), 115.Google Scholar
Dai, Y. (2013). Survey of status of young faculty with oversea degrees in higher education and policy suggestions. Journal of Donghua University (Social Science), 13(4), 234237 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Demes, K. A., & Geeraert, N. (2014). Measures matter: Scales for adaptation, cultural distance, and acculturation orientation revisited. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45(1), 91109. DOI: 10.1177/0022022113487590Google Scholar
Demes, K. A., & Geeraert, N. (2015). The highs and lows of a cultural transition: A longitudinal analysis of sojourner stress and adaptation across 50 countries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(2), 316337.Google Scholar
Doucerain, M. M., Varnaamkhaasti, R. S., Segalowitz, N., & Ryder, A. G. (2015). Second language social networks and communication-related acculturative stress: The role of interconnectedness. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01111Google Scholar
Emirbayer, M. (1997). Manifesto for a relational sociology. The American Journal of Sociology, 103(2), 281317.Google Scholar
Farh, C. I. C., Bartol, K. M., Shapiro, D. L., & Shin, J. (2010). Networking abroad: A process model of how expatriates form support ties to facilitate adjustment. The Academy of Management Review, 35(3), 434454.Google Scholar
Fontaine, G. (1986). Roles of social support systems in overseas relocation: Implications for intercultural training. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 10(3), 361378.Google Scholar
Fontaine, G. (1996). Social support and the challenges of international assignments. In Landis, D. & Bhagat, R. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (2nd ed., pp. 264282). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Fortunato, S. (2010). Community detection in graphs. Physics Reports, 486(3–5), 75174. DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2009.11.002Google Scholar
Freeman, L. C. (2000). Social network analysis: Definition and history, Encyclopedia of psychology (Vol. 7, pp. 350351). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Freeman, L. C. (2004). The development of social network analysis: A study In the sociology of science. Vancouver, Canada: CreateSpace.Google Scholar
Furnham, A., & Bochner, S. (1986). Culture shock: Psychological reactions to unfamiliar environments. London, UK: Methuen.Google Scholar
Gao, Y. (1995). Paradox of cross-cultural communication. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 2, 3542 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Giuffre, K. (2013). Communities and networks : Using social network analysis to rethink urban and community studies. Retrieved from http://QUT.eblib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1171793Google Scholar
Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 13601380.Google Scholar
Granovetter, M. S. (1983). The strength of weak ties: a network theory revisited. Sociological Theory, 1, 201233.Google Scholar
Granovetter, M. S. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. The American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481510.Google Scholar
Greenwood, S., Perrin, A., & Duggan, M. (November 11, 2016 ). Social Media Update 2016. Pew Research Report (www.pewinternet.org/2016/11/11/social-media-update-2016/)Google Scholar
Gudykunst, W. B., & Kim, Y. Y. (1984). Communicating with strangers: An approach to intercultural communication. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishers.Google Scholar
Gullahorn, J. T., & Gullahorn, J. E. (1963). An extension of the U-curve hypothesis. Journal of Social Issues, 19(3), 3347. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1963.tb00447.xGoogle Scholar
Haines, D. (2013). “More Aware of Everything”: Exploring the returnee experience in American higher education. Journal of Studies in International Education, 17(1), 1938. DOI: 10.1177/1028315311433207Google Scholar
Haines, V. A. (1988). Social network analysis, structuration theory and the holism-individualism debate. Social Networks, 10(2), 157182. DOI: 10.1016/0378-8733(88)90020-2Google Scholar
Hammer, M. R., Hart, W., & Rogan, R. (1998). Can you go home again? An analysis of the repatriation of corporate managers and spouses. Management International Review, 38(1), 6786.Google Scholar
Hao, J., & Welch, A. (2012). A tale of sea turtles: Job-seeking experiences of Hai Gui (high-skilled returnees) in China. Higher Education Policy, 25(2), 243260. DOI: 10.1057/hep.2012.4Google Scholar
Hendrickson, B., Rosen, D., & Aune, R. K. (2011). An analysis of friendship networks, social connectedness, homesickness, and satisfaction levels of international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(3), 281295. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.08.001Google Scholar
Kartoshkina, Y. (2015). Bitter-sweet reentry after studying abroad. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 44, 3545. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2014.11.001Google Scholar
Kauffmann, N., Martin, J. N., Weaver, H., & Weaver, J. (1992). Students abroad, strangers at home. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Kidder, L. H. (1992). Requirements for being “Japanese.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16(4), 383393. DOI: 10.1016/0147-1767(92)90029-TGoogle Scholar
Kim, Y. Y. (1978). A communication approach to the acculturation process: A study of Korean immigrants in Chicago. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 2(2), 197224.Google Scholar
Kim, Y. Y. (2001). Becoming intercultural: An integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Kim, Y. Y. (2005). Adapting to a new culture: An integrative communication theory. In Gudykunst, W. B. (Ed.), Theorizing about intercultural communication (pp. 375400). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Kim, Y. Y. (2008). Intercultural personhood: Globalization and a way of being. In Kim, Y. & Bhawuk, D. (Eds.), Globalization and diversity: Theoretical and applied perspectives [Special Issue]. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(4), 359368.Google Scholar
Kim, Y. Y., & McKay-Semmler, K. (2013). Social engagement and cross-cultural adaptation: An examination of direct- and mediated interpersonal communication activities of educated non-natives in the United States. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37(1), 99112. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.04.015 04Google Scholar
Koester, J. (1984). Communication and the intercultural reentry: A course proposal. Communication Education, 33(3), 251256. DOI: 10.1080/03634528409384749Google Scholar
Kossinets, G., & Watts, D. J. (2009). Origins of Homophily in an evolving social network. American Journal of Sociology, 115(2), 405450. DOI: 10.1086/599247Google Scholar
Kostohryz, K., Wells, P. C., Wathen, C. C., & Wilson, D. S. (2014). More than a vacation: Exploring the impact of reentry for international sojourners. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 36(4), 315327.Google Scholar
Kramer, E. M. (2010). Immigration. In Jackson, I. R. L. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of identity (pp. 384389). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Kunuroglu, F., van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Yagmur, K. (2016). Return migration. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 8(2). DOI: 10.9707/2307-0919.1143Google Scholar
Li, Y. (2016). The research on the challenge and path of cultural adaptation about the high-level overseas Chinese talents in colleges and universities. Journal of Higher Education Management, 10(2), 4046 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Lin, N. (2001). Social capital: A theory of social structure and action. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Long, L., & Oxfeld, E. (Eds.). (2004). Coming home: Refugees, migrants, and those who stayed behind. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Mao, J., & Shen, Y. (2015). Cultural identity change in expatriates: A social network perspective. Human Relations, 68(10), 15331556. DOI: 10.1177/0018726714561699Google Scholar
Marsden, P. V. (1990). Network data and measurement. Annual Review of Sociology, 16(1), 435463.Google Scholar
Martin, J. N. (1984). The intercultural reentry: Conceptualization and directions for future research. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 8(2), 115134. DOI: 10.1016/0147-1767(84)90035-XGoogle Scholar
Martin, J. N. (1986a). Communication in the intercultural reentry: Student sojourners' perceptions of change in reentry relationship. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 10(1), 122. DOI: 10.1016/0147-1767(86)90031-3Google Scholar
Martin, J. N. (1986b). Patterns of communication in three types of reentry relationships: An exploratory study. Western Journal of Speech Communication, 50(2), 183199. DOI: 10.1080/10570318609374224Google Scholar
Martin, J. N. (1993). The intercultural reentry of student sojourners: Recent contributions to theory, research, and training. In Paige, R. M. (Ed.), Education for the intercultural experience (pp. 301328). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Google Scholar
Martin, J. N., & Harrell, T. (2004). Intercultural reentry of students and professionals: Theory and practice. In Handbook of Intercultural Training (3rd ed., pp. 309337). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 415444.Google Scholar
Molano, S., & Polo, A. (2015). Social network analysis in a learning community. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 185, 339345. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.381Google Scholar
Monge, P. R., & Contractor, N. S. (2003). Theories of communication networks. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Morris, M.W., Chiu, C.Y., & Liu, Z. (2015). Polycultural psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 631659.Google Scholar
Newman, M. E. J. (2002). Assortative mixing in networks. Physical Review Letters, 89(20), 208701.Google Scholar
Newman, M. E. J. (2003). Mixing patterns in networks. Physical Review E, 67(2), 026126.Google Scholar
Onwumechili, C., Nwosu, P. O., Jackson, R. L., & James-Hughes, J. (2003). In the deep valley with mountains to climb: Exploring identity and multiple reacculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27(1), 4162. DOI: 10.1016/S0147-1767(02)00063-9Google Scholar
Osland, J.S., & Bird, A. (2000). Beyond sophisticated stereotyping: Cultural sensemaking in context. Academy of Management Executive, 14(1), 6577.Google Scholar
Osman-Gani, A. M., & Rockstuhl, T. (2008). Antecedents and consequences of social network characteristics for expatriate adjustment and performance in overseas assignments: Implications for HRD. Human Resource Development Review, 7(1), 3257.Google Scholar
Otte, E., & Rousseau, R. (2002). Social network analysis: A powerful strategy, also for the information sciences. Journal of Information Science, 28(6), 441453. DOI: 10.1177/016555150202800601Google Scholar
Pitts, M. J. (2016). Sojourner reentry: A grounded elaboration of the integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. Communication Monographs, 83(4), 419445. DOI: 10.1080/03637751.2015.1128557Google Scholar
Qiu, Z., & Qiao, T. (2018). Weak ties, strong ties, or the homophily based on social attributes? Sociological Review of China, 6(1), 320 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Repke, L., & Benet-Martinez, V. (2017). Conceptualizing the dynamics between bicultural identification and personal social networks. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 469488. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00469Google Scholar
Robins, G. (2015). Doing social network research: Network-based research design – for social scientists. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Robins, G., & Kashima, Y. (2008). Social psychology and social networks: Individuals and social systems. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 11(1), 112.Google Scholar
Rogers, E. M., & Kincaid, D. L. (1981). Communication networks: Toward a new paradigm for research. New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Rogers, J., & Ward, C. (1993). Expectation-experience discrepancies and psychological adjustment during cross-cultural reentry. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 17(2), 185196.Google Scholar
Rosen, D., Barnett, G. A., & Kim, J. H. (2011). Social networks and online environments: When science and practice co-evolve. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 1(1), 2742.Google Scholar
Rudmin, F. W., & Ahmadzadeh, V. (2001). Psychometric critique of acculturation psychology: The case of Iranian migrants in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42(1), 4156.Google Scholar
Sam, D. L., & Berry, J. W. (2006). The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schelling, T. C. (2006). Micromotives and macrobehavior (Revised ed.). W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Smith, A. (2017, January 12). Record shares of Americans now own smartphones, have home broadband. Pew Research Report (www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/12/evolution-of-technology/).Google Scholar
Smith, L. R. (1997). Intercultural social support networks: A socio-structural description of expatriate adjustment and communicative competence. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.Google Scholar
Smith, L. R. (1999). Intercultural network theory: A cross-paradigmatic approach to acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 23(4), 629658.Google Scholar
Smith, L. R. (2013). Female refugee networks: Rebuilding post-conflict identity. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37(1), 1127. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2012.04.011Google Scholar
Smith, S. L. (2002). The cycle of cross-cultural adaptation and reentry. In Martin, J. N., Nakayama, T. K., & Flores, L. A. (Eds.), Readings in intercultural communication: Experiences and contexts (2nd ed., pp. 246259). Belmont, CA: Mayfield.Google Scholar
Sussman, N. M. (1986). Re-entry research and training: Methods and implications. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 10(2), 235254. DOI: 10.1016/0147-1767(86)90008-8Google Scholar
Sussman, N. M. (2000). The dynamic nature of cultural identity throughout cultural transitions: why home is not so sweet. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(4), 355373.Google Scholar
Sussman, N. M. (2001). Repatriation transitions: psychological preparedness, cultural identity, and attributions among American managers. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 25(2), 109123. DOI: 10.1016/S0147-1767(00)00046-8Google Scholar
Sussman, N. M. (2002). Testing the cultural identity model of the cultural transition cycle: sojourners return home. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 26(4), 391408. DOI: 10.1016/S0147-1767(02)00013-5Google Scholar
Szkudlarek, B. (2010). Reentry – A review of the literature. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34(1), 121. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.06.006Google Scholar
Szkudlarek, B., & Sumpter, D. M. (2014). What, when, and with whom?: Investigating expatriate reentry training with a proximal approach. Human Resource Management, n/a–n/a. DOI: 10.1002/hrm.21647Google Scholar
Tomlin, C. R., Miller, M. L., Schellhase, E., New, G., Karwa, R., & Nabwire Ouma, M. (2014). Assessing reverse culture shock following an international pharmacy practice experience. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 6(1), 106113. DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2013.09.015Google Scholar
Van de Vijver, J. J. R., Berry, J. W., & Celenk, O. (2016). Assessment of acculturations. In Sam, D. L. & Berry, J. W. (Eds.). The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology (pp. 93112). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
van Duijn, M. A. J., & Vermunt, J. K. (2006). What is special about social network analysis. Methodology, 2(1), 26.Google Scholar
Wang, X., & Kanungo, R. (2004). Nationality, social network and psychological well-being: Expatriates in China. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(4–5), 775793.Google Scholar
Ward, C., Bochner, S., & Furnham, A. (2001). The psychology of culture shock (2nd ed.). London, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ward, C., Okura, Y., Kennedy, A., & Kojima, T. (1998). The U-curve on trial: A longitudinal study of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transition. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 22(3), 277291. DOI: 10.1016/s0147-1767(98)00008-xGoogle Scholar
Ward, C. & Rana-Deuba, A. (1999). Acculturation and adaptation revisited. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30(4), 422442.Google Scholar
Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis: Methods and applications. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wellman, B. (1983). Network analysis: Some basic principles. Sociological Theory, 1(1), 155200.Google Scholar
Wielkiewicz, R. M., & Turkowski, L. W. (2010). Reentry issues upon returning from study abroad programs. Journal of College Student Development, 51(6), 649664.Google Scholar
Wilson, J., Ward, C., & Fischer, R. (2013). Beyond culture learning theory: What can personality tell us about cultural competence? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(6), 900927. DOI:10.1177/0022022113492889Google Scholar
Zuo, C. (2014). Cultural readjustment: Impacts of reverse culture shock on overseas returning teachers in higher education. Journal of Mudanjiang University, 5, 163165, 170 (in Chinese).Google Scholar

References

Abelson, R. P., Aronson, E., McGuire, W. J., Newcomb, T. M., Rosenberg, M. J., & Tannenbaum, R. H. (Eds.). (1968). Theories of cognitive consistency: A sourcebook. Chicago: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
Adwan, S., & Bar-On, D. (2000). The role of non-governmental organizations in peace building between Palestinians and Israelis. Jerusalem: Peace Research Institute in the Middle East.Google Scholar
Adwan, S., Bar-Tal, D., & Wexler, B. (2016). Portrayal of the Other in Palestinian and Israeli schoolbooks: A comparative study. Political Psychology, 37, 201217.Google Scholar
Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Amir, Y. (1969). Contact hypothesis in ethnic relations. Psychological Bulletin, 71, 319341.Google Scholar
Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unraveling the mystery of health: How people manage stress and stay well. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 193209.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D. (1988). Delegitimizing relations between Israeli Jews and Palestinians: A social psychological analysis. In Hofman, J. (Ed.), Arab-Jewish relations in Israel: A quest in human understanding (pp. 217248). Bristol, IN: Wyndham Hall Press.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D. (1989). Delegitimization: The extreme case of stereotyping and prejudice. In Bar-Tal, D., Graumann, C. F., Kruglanski, A. W., & Stroebe, W. (Eds.), Stereotyping and prejudice: Changing conceptions (pp. 169182). New York, NY: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D. (1990). Causes and consequences of delegitimization: Models of conflict and ethnocentrism. Journal of Social Issues, 46, 6581.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D. (1993). Patriotism as fundamental beliefs of group members. Politics and Individual, 3, 4562.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D. (1998). Societal beliefs in times of intractable conflict: The Israeli case. International Journal of Conflict Management, 9, 2250.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D. (2000). Shared beliefs in a society: Social psychological analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D. (2001). Why does fear override hope in societies engulfed by intractable conflict, as it does in the Israeli society? Political Psychology, 22, 601627.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D. (2007a). Living with the conflict: Socio-psychological analysis of the Israeli-Jewish society. Jerusalem: Carmel (in Hebrew).Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D. (2007b). Sociopsychological foundations of intractable conflicts. American Behavioral Scientist, 50, 14301453.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D. (2013). Intractable conflicts: Socio-psychological foundations and dynamics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D., & Avrahamzon, T. (2017). Development of delegitimization and animosity in the context of intractable conflict. In Sibley, C. & Barlow, F. K. (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of the psychology of prejudice (pp. 582606). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D., Chernyak-Hai, L., Schori, N., & Gundar, A. (2009). A sense of self-perceived collective victimhood in intractable conflicts. International Red Cross Review, 91, 229277.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D., & Halperin, E. (2011). Socio-psychological barriers to conflict resolution. In Bar-Tal, D. (Ed.), Intergroup conflicts and their resolution: Social psychological perspective (pp. 217240). New York, NY: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D., & Hammack, P. L. (2012). Conflict, delegitimization and violence In Tropp, L. R. (Ed.), Oxford handbook of intergroup conflict (pp. 2952). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D., Jacobson, D., & Klieman, A. (Eds.). (1998). Security concerns: Insights from the Israeli experience. Stamford, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D., Oren, N., & Nets-Zehngut, R. (2013). Socio-psychological analysis of conflict-supporting narratives. Manuscript submitted for publication.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D., & Staub, E. (Eds.). (1997). Patriotism in the lives of individuals and nations. New York, NY: Nelson-Hall.Google Scholar
Bar-Tal, D., & Teichman, Y. (2005). Stereotypes and prejudice in conflict: Representations of Arabs in Israeli Jewish society. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bengio, O. (1986). Iraq. Middle East Contemporary Survey, 8, 465496.Google Scholar
Bennet, J. M. (1986). Modes of cross-cultural training: Conceptualizing cross-cultural training as education. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 10, 117134.Google Scholar
Bialer, S. (1985). The psychology of US–Soviet relations. Political Psychology, 6, 263273.Google Scholar
Black, J. S., & Mendenhall, M. (1990). Cross-cultural training effectiveness: A review and theoretical framework for future research. American Management Review, 15, 113136.Google Scholar
Boccato, G., Capozza, D., Falvo, R., & Durante, F. (2008). The missing link: Ingroup, outgroup and the human species. Social Cognition, 26, 224234.Google Scholar
Bowie, R. R. (1984). The president and the executive branch. In Nye, J. S. Jr. (Ed.), The making of America's Soviet policy (6394). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Brands, H. W. (1993). The devil we knew: Americans and the Cold War. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., Cushner, K., Cherrie, C., & Yong, M. (1986). Intercultural interactions: A practical guide. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Brislin, R. W., & Horvath, A. M. (1997). Multicultural training and education. In Segal, M., Berry, J. W., & Dasen, P., (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 3). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Brislin, R., & Yoshida, T. (1994). Intercultural communication training: An introduction. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1961). The mirror-image in Soviet–American relations: A social psychologist’s report. Journal of Social Issues, 16, 4556.Google Scholar
Brown, R., & Hewstone, M. (2005). An integrative theory of intergroup contact. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 17, 255343.Google Scholar
Burton, J. W. (Ed.). (1990). Conflict: Human needs theory. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
Cairns, E. (1996). Children and political violence. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Cairns, E., Dunn, S., & Giles, M. (1992). Surveys of integrated education in Northern Ireland. Coleraine, UK: Centre for the Study of Conflict.Google Scholar
Cairns, E., & Roe, M. D. (Eds.), (2003). The role of memory in ethnic conflict. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Carlson, D. (1985). The Cold War and the curriculum. Educational Leadership, 48, 5760.Google Scholar
Cecil, R. (1993). The marching season in Northern Ireland: An expression of politico-religious identity. In MacDonald, S. (Ed.), Inside European identities (pp. 146166). Providence, RI: Berg.Google Scholar
Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (1998). Foundations of intercultural communication. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Google Scholar
Cogley, J. (1956). Report on blacklisting. 1: Movies. New York, NY: Fund for the Republic.Google Scholar
Cole, C. F., Arafat, C., Tidhar, C., Tafesh, W. Z., Fox, N. A., Killen, M., Ardila-Rey, A., Leavitt, L. A., Lesser, G., Richman, B. A., & Yung, F. (2003). The educational impact of Rechov Sumsum/Shara’a Simsim: A Sesame Street television series to promote respect and understanding among children living in Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27, 409422.Google Scholar
Connerton, P. (1989). How societies remember. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Constantine, J. R. (1966). The ignoble savage, an eighteenth century literary stereotype. Phylon, 27, 171179.Google Scholar
Corcoran, F. (1983). The bear in the back yard: Myth, ideology, and victimage ritual in Soviet funerals. Communication Monograph, 50, 305320.Google Scholar
Dallin, A, (1973). Bias and blunders in American studies on the USSR. Slavic Review, 32, 560576.Google Scholar
Darby, J. (1976). Conflict in Northern Ireland: The development of a polarised community. New York, NY: Barnes and Noble.Google Scholar
de Jong, J. (Ed.). (2002). Trauma, war, and violence: Public mental health in socio-cultural context. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Des Forges, A. (1999). “Leave none to tell the story”: Genocide in Rwanda. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch and International Federation of Human Rights.Google Scholar
Deshpandey, S. P., & Viswesvaran, C. (1992). Is cross-cultural training of expatriate managers effective: A meta analysis. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16, 295310.Google Scholar
Devine-Wright, P. (2003). A theoretical overview of memory and conflict. In Cairns, E. & Roe, M. D. (Eds.), The role of memory in ethnic conflict (pp. 933). Houndmills, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Donagan, A. (1979). The theory of morality. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Dubois, T. (1951). Solution T-25. New York, NY: Curtis Books.Google Scholar
Dulles, J. F. (1950). War or peace. New York, NY: Macmillan.Google Scholar
English, R., & Halperin, J. J. (1987). The other side: How Soviet and Americans perceive each other. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.Google Scholar
Finlay, D. J., Holsti, O. R., & Fagen, R. R. (1967). Enemies in politics. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
Fowler, S. M. (1994). Two decades of using simulation games for cross-cultural training. Simulation & Gaming, 25, 464476.Google Scholar
Fowler, S. M., & Blohm, J. M. (2004). An analysis of methods for intercultural training. In Landis, D., Bennett, J. M., & Bennett, M. J. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (3rd ed., pp. 3784). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Frankl, V. E. (1963). Man’s search for meaning. New York, NY: Washington Square Press.Google Scholar
Fyne, R. (1985). From Hollywood to Moscow. Literature/Film Quarterly, 13, 195199.Google Scholar
Gallup, G. H. (1972). The Gallup Poll: Public opinion 1935–1971 (Vol. 1–3). New York, NY: Random House.Google Scholar
Gallup, G. H. (1978). The Gallup Poll: Public opinion 1972–1977 (Vol. 1–2). Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources.Google Scholar
Gamson, W. A. (1988). Political discourse and collective action. In Klandermans, B., Kriesi, H., & Tarrow, S. (Eds.), From structure to action: Comparing social movement research across cultures (Vol. 1, pp. 219244). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Gibson, J. L. (2004). Overcoming apartheid: Can truth reconcile a divided nation? New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Gibson, J. L., & Claassen, C. (2010). Racial reconciliation in South Africa: Interracial contact and changes over time. Journal of Social Issues, 66, 255272.Google Scholar
Goff, P. A., Eberhardt, J. L., Williams, M., & Jackson, M. C. (2008). Not yet human: Implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 292306.Google Scholar
Gorny, Y. (1987). Zionism and the Arabs, 1882–1948: A study of ideology (Galai, C., Trans.) New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Grayson, B. L. (Ed.). (1978). The American image of Russia: 1917–1977. New York, NY: Frederick Ungar.Google Scholar
Gudykunst, W. B., Guzley, R. M., & Hammer, M. R. (1996). Designing intercultural training. In Landis, D. & Bhagat, R. S. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (2nd ed., pp. 6180). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Hadawi, S. (1968). Palestine occupied (Rev. ed.). New York, NY: The Arab Information Center.Google Scholar
Hadjipavlou, M. (2007). The Cyprus conflict: Root causes and implications for peacebuilding. Journal of Peace Research, 44, 349365.Google Scholar
Halbwachs, M. (1992). On collective memory. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Halperin, E., &. Bar-Tal, D. (2011). Socio-psychological barriers to peace making: An empirical examination within the Israeli Jewish society. Journal of Peace Research, 48, 637657.Google Scholar
Hann, H. (1983, December 11). Seeing red: How Hollywood movies handle the Russians. New York Daily News.Google Scholar
Harris, R. (1972). Prejudice and tolerance in Ulster: A study of neighbors and strangers in a border community. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Haslam, N. (2006). Dehumanization: An integrative review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 252264.Google Scholar
Hill, I. (2006). Student types, school types and their combined influence on the development of intercultural understanding. Journal of Research in International Education, 5, 533.Google Scholar
Hobfoll, S. E., & deVries, M. W. (Eds.) (1995). Extreme stress and communities: Impact and intervention. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.Google Scholar
Hunter, J. A., Stringer, M., & Watson, R. P. (1991). Intergroup violence and intergroup attributions. British Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 261266.Google Scholar
Jahoda, G. (1999). The images of savages: Ancient roots of modern prejudice. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Jost, J. T., & Banaji, M. R. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 127.Google Scholar
Katz, D. (1960). The functional approach to the study of attitudes. Public Opinion Quarterly, 24, 163204.Google Scholar
Kelman, H. C. (1973). Violence without moral restraint: Reflections on the dehumanization of victims and victimizers. Journal of Social Issues, 29, 2561.Google Scholar
Khalidi, R. (1997). Palestinian identity: The construction of modern national consciousness. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Kleinig, J. (1991). Valuing life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kornbluth, C. M. (1955). Not this August. New York, NY: Tor.Google Scholar
Kriesberg, L. (1993). Intractable conflict. Peace Review, 5, 417421.Google Scholar
Kriesberg, L. (1998). Intractable conflicts. In Weiner, E. (Ed.), The handbook of interethnic coexistence (pp. 332342). New York, NY: Continuum.Google Scholar
Kriesberg, M. (1946). Soviets news in the “New York Times.” Public Opinion Quarterly, 10, 540564.Google Scholar
Kruglanski, A. W., & Webster, D. M. (1996). Motivated closing of the mind: “Seizing” and “freezing.” Psychological Review, 103, 263283.Google Scholar
Kupermintz, H., & Salomon, G. (2005). Lessons to be learned from research on peace education in the context of intractable conflict. Theory Into Practice, 44, 293302.Google Scholar
Landis, D., Bennett, J. M., & Bennett, M. J. (Eds.). (2004). Handbook of intercultural training (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Lavi, I., & Bar-Tal, D. (2015). Violence in prolonged conflicts and its socio-psychological effects. In Lindert, J. & Levav, I. (Eds.), Violence and mental health: Its manifold faces (pp. 325). New York, NY: SpringerGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, E. J. (1964). Threat and assurance in the conduct of conflict. In Fisher, R. (Ed.), International conflict and behavioral science (pp. 110122). New York, NY: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Maass, A., & Arcuri, L. (1996). Language and stereotyping. In Macrae, C. N., Stangor, C. & Hewstone, M. (Eds.), Stereotypes & stereotyping (pp. 193226). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
MacDonald, D. B. (2002). Balkan holocausts? Serbian and Croatian victim-centred propaganda and the war in Yugoslavia. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Mack, J. E. (1990). The psychodynamics of victimization among national groups in conflict. In Volkan, V. D., Julius, D. A., & Montville, J. V. (Eds.), The psychodynamics of international relationships (pp. 119129). Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Malhotra, D., & Liyanage, S. (2005). Long-term effects of peace workshops in protracted conflicts. Journal of Education, 37, 391408.Google Scholar
Maoz, I. (2004a). Coexistence is in the eye of the beholder: Evaluating intergroup encounter interventions between Jews and Arabs in Israel. Journal of Social Issues, 60, 437452.Google Scholar
Maoz, I. (2004b). Peace building in violent conflict: Israeli-Palestinian post Oslo people to people activities. International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 17, 563574.Google Scholar
Maoz, I. (2011). Does contact work in protracted asymmetrical conflict? Appraising 20 years of reconciliation-aimed encounters between Israeli Jews and Palestinians. Journal of Peace Research, 48, 115125.Google Scholar
Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York, NY: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
McClosky, H., & Zaller, J. (1984). The American ethos: Public attitudes toward capitalism and democracy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Myrdal, G. (1964). An American dilemma. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Nasie, M., Diamond, A. H., & Bar-Tal, D. (2016). Young children in intractable conflicts: The Israeli case. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 20, 365392.Google Scholar
Oakes, P. J., Haslam, S. A, &Turner, J. C. (1994). Stereotyping and social reality. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Opotow, S. (1990). Moral exclusion and injustice: An introduction. Journal of Social Issues, 46, 120.Google Scholar
Oren, N. (2005). The impact of major events in the Arab-Israel conflict on the ethos of conflict of the Israeli Jewish society (1967–2000). [PhD dissertation]. Tel Aviv University (in Hebrew).Google Scholar
Oren, N. (2009). The Israeli ethos of conflict, 1967–2005. Working Paper #27. Fairfax, VA: Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University. Retrieved from http://icar.gmu.edu/wp_27oren.pdf.Google Scholar
Oren, N., & Bar-Tal, D. (2007). The detrimental dynamics of delegitimization in intractable conflicts: The Israeli-Palestinian case. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 31, 111126.Google Scholar
Paez, D., & Liu, J. H. (2011). Collective memory of conflicts. In Bar-Tal, D. (Ed.), Intergroup conflicts and their resolution: A social psychological perspective (pp. 105124). New York, NY: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Paluck, E. L. (2009). Reducing intergroup prejudice and conflict using the media: A field experiment in Rwanda. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 574587.Google Scholar
Papadakis, Y. (2008). History education in divided Cyprus: A comparison of Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot school books on the “history of Cyprus.” PRIO report 2/2008. Oslo: International Peace Research Institute.Google Scholar
Perkovich, G. (1987, January–February). Beyond the cold war. Nuclear Times, 12–16, 18, 20, 41.Google Scholar
Perry, L. B., & Southwell, L. (2011). Developing intercultural understanding and skills: Models and approaches. Intercultural Education, 22, 453466.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 19, 185209.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). Meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 751783.Google Scholar
Robben, A., & Suarez, O. M. M. (Eds.). (2000). Cultures under siege: Collective violence and trauma. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Roffman, P., & Pardy, J. (1981). The Hollywood social problem film. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Said, E. W. (1979). The question of Palestine. New York, NY: Vintage.Google Scholar
Sande, G. N., Goethals, G. R., Ferrari, L., & Worth, L. T. (1989). Value-guided attributions: Maintaining the moral self-image and the diabolical enemy-image. Journal of Social Issues, 45, 91118.Google Scholar
Savage, R. (2006). “Vermin to be cleared off the face of the Earth”: Perpetrator representations of genocide victims as animals. In Tatz, C., Arnold, P., & Tatz, S. (Eds.), Genocide perspectives III: Essays on the Holocaust and other genocides (pp. 132). Sydney, Australia: Brandl & Schlesinger.Google Scholar
Savage, R. (2007). “Disease incarnate”: Biopolitical discourse and genocidal dehumanisation in the age of modernity. Journal of Historical Sociology, 20, 404440.Google Scholar
Sayigh, Y. (1997). Armed struggle and the search for a state: The Palestinian national movement, 1949–1993. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schiappa, E., Gregg, P. B., & Hewes, D. E. (2005). The parasocial contact hypothesis. Communication Monographs, 72, 92115.Google Scholar
Scott, W. A. (1965). Psychological and social correlates of international images. In Kelman, H. C. (Ed.), International behavior: A social psychological analysis (pp. 71129). New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Seed, D. (1999). American science fiction and the Cold War. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Shafer, R. (1955). The conquered place. London, UK: Putnam.Google Scholar
Shalev, A. Y., Yehuda, R., & McFarlane, A. C. (Eds.). (2000). International handbook of human response to trauma. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Shapira, A. (1992). Land and power: The Zionist resort to force, 1881–1948. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Silverstein, B., & Flamenbaum, C. (1989). Biases in the perception and cognition of the actions of enemies. Journal of Social Issues, 45, 5172.Google Scholar
Slocum-Bradley, N. R. (2008). Discursive production of conflict in Rwanda. In Moghaddam, F. M., Harré, R., & Lee, N. (Eds.), Global conflict resolution through positioning analysis (pp. 207226). New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Smith, M. B., Bruner, J. S., & White, R. W. (1956). Opinions and personality. New York, NY: Wiley.Google Scholar
Sohl, J. (1955). Point ultimate. New York, NY: Rinehart.Google Scholar
Somerville, J. (1981). Patriotism and war. Ethics, 91, 568578.Google Scholar
Stangor, C., & Schaller, M. (1996). Stereotypes as individual and collective representations. In Macrae, C. N., Stangor, C., & Hewstone, M. (Eds.), Stereotypes and stereotyping (pp. 340). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Staub, E. (1989). The roots of evil: The psychological and cultural origins of genocide. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Staub, E. (2003). The psychology of good and evil: The roots of benefiting and harming other. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (1993). Cognition and affect in stereotyping: Parallel interactive networks. In Machie, D. M. & Hamilton, D. L. (Eds.), Affect, cognition, and stereotyping (pp. 111136). New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (1984). The role of ignorance in intergroup relations. In Miller, N. & Brewer, M. B. (Eds.), Groups in contact: The psychology of desegregation (pp. 229255). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (1996). Predicting prejudice. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 409426.Google Scholar
Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (2000). An integrated threat theory of prejudice. In Oskamp, S. (Ed.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination (pp. 225246). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Tajfel, H. (1978). Social categorization, social identity and social comparison. In Tajfel, H. (Ed.), Differentiation between social groups (pp. 6176). London, UK: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tajfel, H. (1982). Social identity and intergroup relations. Cambridge, UK: CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Tam, T., Hewstone, M., Kenworthy, J. B., & Cairns, E. (2009). Intergroup trust in Northern Ireland. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 4559.Google Scholar
Taylor, S. E. (1983). Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaptation. American Psychologist, 38, 11611173.Google Scholar
Tessler, M. (2000). The Middle East Peace Process – An Overview. Jerusalem: Information Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Google Scholar
Torsti, P. (2007). How to deal with a difficult past? History textbooks supporting enemy images in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 39, 7796.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1989). Intercultural education and training. In Funke, P. (Ed.), Understanding the USA: A cross-cultural perspective (pp. 305322). Tübinger, Germany: Gunter Narr Verlag.Google Scholar
Turney-High, H. H. (1949). Primitive war. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Ugolnik, A. (1983). The Godlessness within: Stereotyping the Russians. The Christian Century, 100, 10111014.Google Scholar
Volkan, V. D. (1997). Bloodlines: From ethnic pride to ethnic terrorism. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Google Scholar
Vollhardt, J. R. (2012). Collective victimization. In Tropp, L. R. (Ed.), Oxford handbook of intergroup conflict (pp. 136157). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Walker, J. S. (1995). The origins of the Cold War in United States history textbooks. The Journal of American History, 81, 16521661.Google Scholar
Wertsch, J. V. (2002). Voices of collective remembering. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
White, R. K. (1984). Fearful warriors: A psychological profile of US-Soviet relations. New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
Whitfield, S. J. (1991). The culture of the Cold War. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Wistrich, R. S. (Ed.). (1999). Demonizing the other: Antisemitism, racism, and xenophobia. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Harwood Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Wolfe, A. (1983). The rise and fall of the Soviet threat: Domestic sources of the cold war consensus. Washington, DC: Institute for Public Policy.Google Scholar
Yatani, C., & Bramel, D. (1989). Trends and patterns in Americans' attitudes towards the Soviet Union. Journal of Social Issues, 45, 1332.Google Scholar
Yzerbyt, V., Rocher, S., & Schadron, G. (1997). Stereotypes as explanations: A subjective essentialistic view of group perception. In Spears, R., Oakes, P. J., Ellemers, N., & Haslam, S. A. (Eds.). The social psychology of stereotyping and group life (pp. 2050). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.Google Scholar

References

Baker, J. C., & Ivancevich, J. M. (1971). The assignment of American executives abroad: Systematic, haphazard, or chaotic? California Management Review, 13, 3944.Google Scholar
Baumgarten, K. (1995). Training and development of international staff. In Harzing, A. W. & Van Ruysseveldth, J. (Eds.), International human resource management (pp. 205228). London, UK: Sage.Google Scholar
Befus, C. P. (1988). A multilevel treatment approach for culture shock experienced by sojourners. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 12, 381400.Google Scholar
Bennett, R., Aston, A., & Colquhoun, T. (2000). Cross-cultural training: A critical step in ensuring the success of international assignments. Human Resource Management, 10, 117134.Google Scholar
Bhagat, R. S., & Prien, K. O. (1996). Cross-cultural training in organizational contexts. In Landis, D. & Bhagat, R. S. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (2nd ed., pp. 216230). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Bhaskar-Shrinivas, P., Harrison, D. A., Shaffer, M. A., & Luk, D. M. (2005). Input-based and time-based models of international adjustment: Meta-analytic evidence and theoretical extensions. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 257281.Google Scholar
Bhatkal, R. (1990). Intercultural sensitivity training for preservice teachers using a culture-general assimilator with a peer interactive approach and media analysis. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Nebraska, Lincoln.Google Scholar
Bhatti, M. A., Battour, M. M., Ismail, A. R., & Sundram, V. P. (2014). Effects of personality traits (big five) on expatriates adjustment and job performance. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (1990). Cross-cultural orientation programs. In Brislin, R. W. (Ed.), Applied cross-cultural psychology (pp. 325346), Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S. (1998). The role of culture theory in cross-cultural training: A multimethod study of culture-specific, culture-general, and culture theory-based assimilators. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29, 630655.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S., & Brislin, R. W. (1992). The measurement of intercultural sensitivity using the concepts of individualism and collectivism. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16(4), 413436.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S., & Brislin, R. W. (2000). Cross-cultural training: A review. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49, 162191.Google Scholar
Bhawuk, D. P. S., Landis, D., & Lo, K. D. (2006). Intercultural training. In Sam, D. L. & Berry, J. W. (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology (pp 504524). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Birdseye, M. G., & Hill, J.S. (1995). Individual, organizational/work and environmental influences on expatriate turnover tendencies: An empirical study. Journal of International Business Studies, 26(4), 787813.Google Scholar
Black, J. S. (1988). Work role transitions: A study of American expatriate managers in Japan. Journal of International Business Studies, 19, 277294.Google Scholar
Black, J. S., Gregersen, H. B., & Mendenhall, M. E. (1992). Global assignments: Successfully expatriating and repatriating international managers. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Black, J. S., & Mendenhall, M. (1990). Cross-cultural training effectiveness: A review and a theoretical framework for future research. Academy of Management Review, 15(1), 113136.Google Scholar
Black, J. S., Mendenhall, M., & Oddou, G. (1991). Toward a comprehensive model of international adjustment: An integration of multiple theoretical principles. Academy of Management Review, 16, 291317.Google Scholar
Blake, B. F., Heslin, R., & Curtis, S. C. (1996). Measuring impacts of cross-cultural training. In Landis, D. & Bhagat, R. S. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (2nd ed., pp. 165183). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Brewster, C. (1995). Effective expatriate training. In Selmer, J. (Ed.), Expatriate management: New ideas for international business (pp. 5771). Westport, CT: Quorem.Google Scholar
Bruschke, J. C., Gartner, C., & Seiter, J. S. (1993). Student ethnocentrism, dogmatism, and motivation: A study of BAFA BAFA. Simulation and Gaming, 21, 920.Google Scholar
Caligiuri, P. M. (2000). The big five personality characteristics as predictors of expatriate’s desire to terminate the assignment and supervisor-rated performance. Personnel Psychology, 53, 6788.Google Scholar
Caligiuri, P., Phillips, J., Lazarova, M., Tarique, L., & Burgi, P. (2001). The theory of met expectations applied to expatriate adjustment. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12, 357372.Google Scholar
Caligiuri, P., & Tarique, I. (2006). International assignee selection and cross-cultural training and development. In Stahl, G. K. & Bjorkman, I. (Eds.), Handbook of research in international human resource management (pp. 302322). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Campbell, J. P., Kuncel, N. R., & Kostal, J. W. (2018). Training and learning in work roles. In Ones, D. S., Anderson, N., Viswesvaran, C., & Sinangil, H. K. (Eds.), The Sage handbook of industrial, work and organizational psychology (2nd edition): Personnel psychology and employee performance (pp. 533–610). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Cannon-Bowers, J. A., Rhodenizer, L., Salas, E., & Bowers, C. (1998). A framework for understanding pre-practice conditions and their impact on learning. Personnel Psychology, 51, 291320.Google Scholar
Cooper-Hakim, A., & Viswesvaran, C. (2005). The construct of work commitment: Testing an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 241259.Google Scholar
Copeland, L., & Griggs, L. (1985). Going international. New York, NY: Random House.Google Scholar
Crant, M. C. (1995). The Proactive Personality Scale and objective performance among real estate agents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 532537.Google Scholar
Cunningham-Warburton, P. A. (1988). A study of the relationship between cross-cultural training, the scale to assess world views, and the quality of care given by nurses in a psychiatric setting. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Storrs, CT: The University of Connecticut.Google Scholar
Cushner, K. (1989). Assessing the impact of a culture-general assimilator. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 13, 125146.Google Scholar
Deshpande, S. P., Joseph, J., & Viswesvaran, C. (1994). Does use of student samples affect results of studies in cross-cultural training? A meta-analysis. Psychological Reports, 74, 779785.Google Scholar
Deshpande, S. P., & Viswesvaran, C. (1992). Is cross-cultural training of expatriate managers effective: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 16, 295310.Google Scholar
Eschbach, D. M., Parker, G. E., & Stoeberl, P. A. (2001). American repatriate employees’ retrospective assessments of the effects of cross-cultural training on their adaptation to international assignments. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12, 270287.Google Scholar
Fiedler, F.E., Mitchell, T., & Triandis, H. (1971). The culture assimilator: An approach to cross-cultural training. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55(2), 95102.Google Scholar
Furnham, A., & Bochner, S. (1986). Culture Shock: Psychological Reactions to Unfamiliar Environments. London, UK: Methuen.Google Scholar
Gannon, M. J., & Poon, J. M. L. (1997). Effects of alternative instructional approaches on cross-cultural training outcomes. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 21, 429446.Google Scholar
Goldstein, D. L., & Smith, D. H. (1999). The analysis of the effects of experiential training on sojourners’ cross-cultural adaptability. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 23, 157173.Google Scholar
Graham, J. L. (1985). The influence of culture on the process of business negotiations: An exploratory study. Journal of International Business Studies, 16, 8196.Google Scholar
Hammer, M. R., & Martin, J. N. (1992). The effects of cross-cultural training on American managers in a Japanese-American joint venture. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 20, 161182.Google Scholar
Hannigan, T. P. (1990). Traits, attitudes, and skills that are related to intercultural effectiveness and their implications for cross-cultural training: A review of the literature. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 89111.Google Scholar
Harari, M. B., Reaves, A. C., Beane, D. A., Laginess, A. J., & Viswesvaran, C. (in press). Personality and expatriate adjustment: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.Google Scholar
Harris, H., & Kumra, S. (2000). International manager development: Cross-cultural training in highly diverse environments. Journal of Management Development, 19, 602614.Google Scholar
Harrison, J. K. (1992). Individual and combined effects of behavior modeling and the cultural assimilator in cross-cultural management training. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 952962.Google Scholar
Harrison, J. K., Chadwick, M., & Scales, M. (1996). The relationship between cross-cultural adjustment and the personality variables of self-efficacy and self-monitoring. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 167188.Google Scholar
Hechanova, R., Beehr, T. A., & Christiansen, N. D. (2003). Antecedents and consequences of employees’ adjustment to overseas assignment: A meta-analytic review. Applied Psychology, 52, 213236.Google Scholar
Hippler, T. (2009). Why do they go? Empirical evidence of employees’ motives for seeking or accepting relocation. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, 13811401.Google Scholar
Hutchins, H. M., Burke, L. A., & Berthelsen, A. M. (2010). A missing link in the transfer problem? Examining how trainers learn about training transfer. Human Resource Management, 49, 599618.Google Scholar
Katz, J. P., & Seifer, D. M. (1996). It’s a different world out there: Planning for expatriate success through selection, pre-departure training, and on-site socialization. Human Resource Planning, 19, 3247.Google Scholar
Kealey, D. J., & Protheroe, D. R. (1996). The effectiveness of cross-cultural training for expatriates. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 141165.Google Scholar
Kirkpatrick, D.L. (1987). Evaluation of training. In Craig, R.L. (Ed.), Training and development handbook: A guide to human resource development (pp. 301319). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Kolancian, V. G. (2013). Causes of American company expatriates’ failures to complete offshore work assignments. Proquest Information & Learning, AAI3544176.Google Scholar
Kraimer, M.L., Wayne, S.J., & Jaworski, R.A. (2001). Sources of support and expatriate performance: The mediating role of expatriate adjustment. Personnel Psychology, 54, 7199.Google Scholar
Lenartowicz, T., Johnson, J.P., & Konopaske, R. (2014). The application of learning theories to improve cross-cultural training programs in MNCs. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(12), 16971719.Google Scholar
Lievens, F., Harris, M. M., Van Keer, E., & Bisqueret, C. (2003). Predicting cross-cultural training performance: The validity of personality, cognitive ability, and dimensions measured by an assessment center and a behavior description interview. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 476489.Google Scholar
Littrell, L.N., & Salas, E. (2005). A review of cross-cultural training: Best practices, guidelines, and research needs. Human Resource Development Review, 4(3), 305334.Google Scholar
Littrell, L.N., Salas, E., Hess, K.P., Paley, M., & Fiedel, S. (2006). Expatriate preparation: A critical analysis of 25 years of cross-cultural training research. Human Resource Development Review, 5(3), 355388.Google Scholar
Matthews, G., Zeidner, M., & Roberts, R. D. (2002). Emotional intelligence: Science and myth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
McIlveen-Yarbro, C. L. (1988). An assessment of the ability of the culture-general assimilator to create sensitivity to multiculturalism in an educational setting. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Houston.Google Scholar
McKinlay, N. J., Pattison, H. M., & Gross, H. (1996). An exploratory investigation of the effects of a cultural orientation programme on the psychological well-being of international university students. Higher Education, 31, 379395.Google Scholar
Mendenhall, M., & Oddou, G. (1986). Acculturation profiles of expatriate managers: Implications for cross-cultural training programs. Columbia Journal of World Business, 21, 7379.Google Scholar
Mendenhall, M. E., Stahl, G. K., Ehnert, I., Oddou, G., Osland, J. S., & Kuhlmann, T. M. (2004). Evaluation studies of cross-cultural training programs: A review of the literature from 1988 to 2000. In Landis, D., Bennett, J., & Bennett, M. (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (pp. 129143). Sage.Google Scholar
Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., & Viswesvaran, C. (2006). How family-friendly work environments affect work/family conflict: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Labor Research, 27, 555574.Google Scholar
Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., & Viswesvaran, C. (2008). Expatriate management: A review and directions for research in expatriate selection, training, and repatriation. In Harris, M. M. (Ed.), Handbook of research in international human resource management (pp. 183206). New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., & Viswesvaran, C. (2010). The role of pre-training interventions in learning: A meta-analysis and integrative review. Human Resource Management Review, 20(4), 261282.Google Scholar
Mischel, W. (1965). Predicting the success of Peace Corps volunteers in Nigeria. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 510517.Google Scholar
Moon, H., Choi, B., & Jung, J. (2012). Previous international experience, cross-cultural training, and expatriates’ cross-cultural adjustment: Effects of cultural intelligence and goal orientation. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 23, 285330.Google Scholar
Morris, M. A., & Robie, C. (2001). A meta-analysis of the effects of cross-cultural training on expatriate performance and adjustment. International Journal of Training and Development, 5, 112125.Google Scholar
Nam, K. A., Cho, Y., & Lee, M. (2013). West meets East? Identifying the gap in current cross-cultural training research. Human Resource Development Review, 20, 122.Google Scholar
Noe, R. A. (1986). Trainee’s attributes and attitudes: Neglected influences on training effectiveness. Academy of Management Review, 11, 736749.Google Scholar
Ones, D. S., & Viswesvarna, C. (1999). Relative importance of personality dimensions for expatriate selection: A policy capturing study. Human Performance, 12, 275294.Google Scholar
Ones, D. S., & Viswesvaran, C. (2003). Job-specific applicant pools and national norms for personality scales: Implications for range-restriction corrections in validation research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 570577.Google Scholar
Osman-Gani, A. M., & Rockstuhl, T. (2009). Cross-cultural training, expatriate self-efficacy, and adjustment to overseas assignments: An empirical investigation of managers in Asia. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33, 277290.Google Scholar
Paige, R. M., Jacobs-Cassuto, M., Yershova, Y. A., & DeJaeghere, J. (2003). Assessing intercultural sensitivity: An empirical analysis of the Hammer and Bennett Intercultural Development Inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27, 467486.Google Scholar
Parker, S. K. (1998) Enhancing role breadth self-efficacy: The roles of job enrichment and other organizational interventions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 835852.Google Scholar
Peng, A. C., Dyne, L. V., & Oh, K. (2015). The influence of motivational cultural intelligence on cultural effectiveness based on study abroad: The moderating role of participant’s cultural identity. Journal of Management Education, 39(5), 572596.Google Scholar
Pollard, W. R. (1989). Gender stereotypes and gender roles in cross-cultural education: The cultural assimilator. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 13, 5772.Google Scholar
Ramirez, H. A. (1992). The effects of cross-cultural training on the attributions and attitudes of preservice teachers. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.Google Scholar
Ronen, S. (1989). Training the international assignee. In Katzell, R. A. (Ed.), Training and development in organizations (pp. 417453). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Salas, E., Burke, C. S., Wilson-Donnelly, K. A., & Fowlkes, J. E. (2004). Promoting effective leadership within multicultural teams: An event-based approach. In Day, D., Zaccaro, S. J., & Halpin, S. M. (Eds.), Leader development for transforming organizations (pp. 293323). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Selmer, J. (2001). The preference for predeparture or post-arrival cross-cultural training: An exploratory approach. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16, 5058.Google Scholar
Selmer, J., Torbiörn, I., & de Leon, C. T. (1998). Sequential cross-cultural training for expatriate business managers: Pre-departure and post-arrival. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 9, 831840.Google Scholar
Sit, A., Mak, A. S., & Neill, J. T. (2017). Does cross-cultural training in tertiary education enhance cross-cultural adjustment? A systematic review. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 57, 118.Google Scholar
Sousa, C., Goncalves, G., Santos, J., & Leitao, J. (2017). Organizational practices for the expatriates’ adjustment: A systematic review. Journal of Global Mobility, 5(3), 251274.Google Scholar
Stroh, L. K., Black, J. S., Mendenhall, M. E., & Gregersen, H. B. (2005). International assignments: An integration of strategy, research, & practice. Boca Raton, FL: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Thomas, J. P., Whitman, D. S., & Viswesvaran, C. (2010). Employee proactivity in organizations: A comparative meta-analysis of emergent proactive constructs. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 275300.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1977). Theoretical framework for evaluation of cross-cultural training effectiveness. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 1(4), 1945.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1994). Culture and social behavior. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Tung, R. L. (1981). Selection and training of personnel for overseas assignments. Columbia Journal of World Business, 16, 6978.Google Scholar
Van Rooy, D. L., & Viswesvaran, C. (2004). Emotional intelligence: A meta-analytic investigation of predictive validity and nomological net. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65, 7195.Google Scholar
Westwood, M. J., & Barker, M. (1990). Academic achievement and social adaptation among international students: A comparison of the peer-pairing program. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 251263.Google Scholar
Wong, A., Wei, L., Wang, X., & Tjosvold, D. (2017). Collectivist values for constructive conflict management in international joint venture effectiveness. International Journal of Conflict Management, 29(1), 126143.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×