Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 20
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
June 2020
Print publication year:
2020
Online ISBN:
9781108778725

Book description

This Element explores the association between political democracy and population health. It reviews the rise of scholarly interest in the association, evaluates alternative indicators of democracy and population health, assesses how particular dimensions of democracy have affected population health, and explores how population health has affected democracy. It finds that democracy - optimally defined as free, fair, inclusive, and decisive elections plus basic rights - is usually, but not invariably, beneficial for population health, even after good governance is taken into account. It argues that research on democracy and population health should take measurement challenges seriously; recognize that many aspects of democracy, not just competitive elections, can affect population health; acknowledge that democracy's impact on population health will be large or small, and beneficial or harmful, depending on circumstances; and identify the relevant circumstances by combining the quantitative analysis of many cases with the qualitative study of a few cases.

References

Acemoglu, Daron, et al. (2001). The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation. American Economic Review 91(5), 13691401.
Ahmad, Omar B., et al. (2000). The Decline in Child Mortality: A Reappraisal. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 78(10), 11751191.
Alkema, Leontine; You, Danzhen (2012). Child Mortality Estimation: A Comparison of UN IGME and IHME Estimates of Levels and Trends in Under-Five Mortality Rates and Deaths. PLoS Medicine, 9(8), e1001288.
Allende Gossens, Salvador (1939). La realidad médico-social Chilena (sintesis). Santiago, Chile: Ministerio de Salubridad, Prevision y Asistencia Social.
Altman, David; Castiglioni, Rossana (2009). Democratic Quality and Human Development in Latin America: 1972–2001. Canadian Journal of Political Science 42(2), 297319.
Alvarez, Michael, et al. (1996). Classifying Political Regimes. Studies in Comparative International Development 31(2), 336.
Arellano, José-Pablo (1985). Social Policies in Chile: An Historical Review. Journal of Latin American Studies 17(2), 397418.
Austin, Kelly F.; McKinney, Laura A. (2018). Disaster Devastation in Poor Nations: The Direct and Indirect Effects of Gender Equality, Ecological Losses, and Development. Social Forces 95(1), 355380.
Bäck, Hanna; Hadenius, Axel (2008). Democracy and State Capacity: Exploring a J-Shaped Relationship. Governance 21(1), 124.
Barlow, Pepita (2018). Does Trade Liberalization Reduce Child Mortality in Low- and Middle-Income Countries? A Synthetic Control Analysis of 36 Policy Experiments, 1963–2005. Social Science & Medicine 205, 107115.
Baron, Reuben M.; Kenny, David A. (1986). The Moderator–Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51(6), 11731182.
Beall, Alec T., et al. (2016). Infections and Elections: Did an Ebola Outbreak Influence the 2014 US Federal Elections (and If So, How)? Psychological Science 27(5), 595605.
Beer, Caroline (2009). Democracy and Gender Equality. Studies in Comparative International Development 44(3), 212227.
Beetham, David (2004). The Quality of Democracy: Freedom as the Foundation. Journal of Democracy 15(4), 6175.
Bellinger, Nisha Mukherjee (2018). Democracy and Infant Mortality within India: From Whether to Why. European Political Science Review 10(1), 328.
Besley, Timothy; Kudamatsu, Masayuki (2006). Health and Democracy. Ms. Accessed May 16, 2019, at www.lse.ac.uk/economics/Assets/Documents/personal-pages/tim-besley/miscelanea/health-and-democracy.pdf
Biggs, Samantha L., et al. (2010). Health and Historical Levels of Freedom. Globalization and Health 6(11), 18.
Blais, André, et al. (2001). Deciding Who Has the Right to Vote: A Comparative Analysis of Election Laws. Electoral Studies 20(1), 4162.
Bloom, David E., et al. (2018). Health and Economic Growth: Reconciling the Micro and Macro Evidence. IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper No. 11940.
Boix, Carles, et al. (2013). A Complete Data Set of Political Regimes, 1800–2007. Comparative Political Studies 46(12), 15231554.
Bollen, Kenneth A. (1980). Issues in the Comparative Measurement of Political Democracy. American Sociological Review 45(3), 370390.
Bollyky, Thomas J., et al. (2019). The Relationships Between Democratic Experience, Adult Health, and Cause-Specific Mortality in 170 Countries Between 1980 and 2016: An Observational Analysis. The Lancet 393, 16281640.
Boulding, Carew; Wampler, Brian (2010). Voice, Votes, and Resources: Evaluating the Effect of Participatory Democracy on Well-being. World Development 38(1), 124135.
Brasil, Ministério da Saúde (2002). Desafios e conquistas do PSF. Revista Brasileira de Saúde da Família [Brasília] 2(5), 624.
Brieba, Daniel (2018). State Capacity and Health Outcomes: Comparing Argentina’s and Chile’s Reduction of Infant and Maternal Mortality, 1960–2013. World Development 101, 3753.
Bright Line Watch (2018). Erosion, Polarization, and Norm Violations: Bright Line Watch Survey Report. August 1. Accessed April 9, 2019, at http://brightlinewatch.org/wave6/
Brown, Jerimiah T. (2017). Freedom as Capability: How the Capability Approach Can Improve Our Understanding of Freedom in Established Democracies. PhD Diss., University of Melbourne.
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, et al. (2003). The Logic of Political Survival. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Burden, Barry C., et al. (2017). How Different Forms of Health Matter to Political Participation. The Journal of Politics 79(1), 166178.
Burroway, Rebekah (2016). Democracy and Child Health in Developing Countries. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 57(5), 338364.
Caldwell, John C. (1986). Routes to Low Mortality in Poor Countries. Population and Development Review 12(2), 171220.
Center for Systemic Peace (2016). Change Log File 2016. Accessed January 10, 2019, at www.systemicpeace.org/inscr/p4ch2016.xls
Chamberlin, T. C. (1965 [1890]). The Method of Multiple Working Hypotheses. Science 148(3671), 754759.
Chambers, Paul (2006). Consolidation of Thaksinocracy and Crisis of Democracy: Thailand’s 2005 Election. In Croissant, Aurel and Martin, Beate, eds., Between Consolidation and Crisis: Elections and Democracy in Five Nations in Southeast Asia. Berlin: Lit Verlag, 277329.
Charron, Nicholas; Lapuente, Victor (2010). Does Democracy Produce Quality of Government? European Journal of Political Research 49(4), 443470.
Cheibub, José Antonio, et al. (2010). Democracy and Dictatorship Revisited. Public Choice 143(1–2), 67101.
Chung, Haejoo; Muntaner, Carles (2006). Political and Welfare State Determinants of Infant and Child Health Indicators: An Analysis of Wealthy Countries. Social Science & Medicine 63(3), 829842.
Clark, Mary A. (2004). Reinforcing a Public System: Health Sector Reform in Costa Rica. In Kaufman, Robert R. and Nelson, Joan M., eds., Crucial Needs, Weak Incentives. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 189216.
Collier, David; Adcock, Robert (1999). Democracy and Dichotomies: A Pragmatic Approach to Choices About Concepts. Annual Review of Political Science 2, 537565.
Coppedge, Michael (2012). Democratization and Research Methods. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Coppedge, Michael, et al. (2008). Two Persistent Dimensions of Democracy: Contestation and Inclusiveness. Journal of Politics 70(3), 632647.
Coppedge, Michael, et al. (2017). V-Dem Comparisons and Contrasts with Other Measurement Projects. University of Gothenburg, Varieties of Democracy Institute Working Paper No. 45.
Coppedge, Michael; Gerring, John, et al. (2011). Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: A New Approach. Perspectives on Politics 9(2), 247267.
Cruz, Cesi, et al. (2018). Database of Political Institutions 2017 Codebook. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank Numbers for Development.
Dahl, Robert (1971). Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Dahl, Robert(1989). Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Dahl, Robert(1998). On Democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Dawson, Andrew (2010). State Capacity and the Political Economy of Child Mortality in Developing Countries Revisited: From Fiscal Sociology towards the Rule of Law. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 51(6), 403422.
Derbyshire, J. Denis; Derbyshire, Ian (1989). Political Systems of the World. Edinburgh: W and R Chambers.
DHS [Demographic and Health Surveys] (2019). DHS StatCompiler. Accessed April 17, 2019, at https://statcompiler.com/en/
Diamond, Larry (2015). Facing Up to the Democratic Recession. Journal of Democracy 26(1), 141155.
Dietrich, Simone; Bernhard, Michael (2016). State or Regime? The Impact of Institutions on Welfare Outcomes. European Journal of Development Research 28(2), 252269.
Drèze, Jean; Sen, Amartya K. (1989). Hunger and Public Action. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Dwicaksono, Adenantera; Fox, Ashley M. (2018). Does Decentralization Improve Health System Performance and Outcomes in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries? A Systematic Review of Evidence from Quantitative Studies. The Milbank Quarterly 96(2), 323368.
Edwards, Ryan B. (2016). Mining Away the Preston Curve. World Development 78, 2236.
Evans, Peter B., Heller, Patrick (2015). Human Development, State Transformation, and the Politics of the Developmental State. In Leibfried, Stephan et al., eds., Oxford Handbook of Transformations of the State. New York: Oxford University Press, 691713.
Falleti, Tulia; Cunial, Santiago (2018). Participation in Social Policy: Public Health in Comparative Perspective (Elements in the Politics of Development). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Foa, Roberto; Mounk, Yascha (2017). The Signs of Deconsolidation. Journal of Democracy 28(1), 515.
Freedom House (2018). Methodology: Freedom in the World 2018. Washington, DC: Freedom House.
Fujiwara, Thomas (2015). Voting Technology, Political Responsiveness, and Infant Health: Evidence from Brazil. Econometrica 83(2), 423464.
Gallardo-Albarrán, Daniel (2018). Health and Economic Development Since 1900. Economics & Human Biology 31, 228237.
Garay, Candelaria (2016). Social Policy Expansion in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gassner, Marjorie, et al. (2006). Human Development and Electoral Systems. Journal of Human Development 7(1), 4357.
Gastil, Raymond D. (1990). The Comparative Survey of Freedom: Experiences and Suggestions. Studies in Comparative International Development 25(1), 2550.
Gauri, Varun (2004). Social Rights and Economics: Claims to Health Care and Education in Developing Countries. World Development 32(3), 465477.
Geronimus, Arline T., et al. (2006). “Weathering” and Age Patterns of Allostatic Load Scores Among Blacks and Whites in the United States. American Journal of Public Health 96(5), 826833.
Gerring, John, et al. (2012). Democracy and Human Development. Journal of Politics 74(1), 117.
Gerring, John, et al. (2016). Electoral Democracy and Human Development. V-Dem Working Paper Series 2015:9, New Version (February 2016).
Gerring, John; Thacker, Strom C. (2008). A Centripetal Theory of Democratic Governance. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gibson, Christopher L. (2017). The Consequences of Movement Office-Holding for Health Policy Implementation and Social Development in Urban Brazil. Social Forces 96(2), 751778.
Gillanders, Robert (2016). The Effects of Foreign Aid in Sub-Saharan Africa. Economic and Social Review 47(3), 339360.
Giraudy, Agustina, et al., eds. (2019). Inside Countries: Subnational Research in Comparative Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Goertz, Gary (2017. Multimethod Research, Causal Mechanisms, and Case Studies: An Integrated Approach. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Gonçalves, Sonia (2014). The Effects of Participatory Budgeting on Municipal Expenditures and Infant Mortality in Brazil. World Development 53, 94110.
Goodwin-Gill, Guy (2006). Free and Fair Elections: New Expanded Edition. Geneva: Inter-Parliamentary Union.
Grindle, Merilee (2012). Good Governance: The Inflation of an Idea. In Sanyal, Bishwapriya, Vale, Lawrence J., and Rosan, Christina D., eds., Planning Ideas That Matter. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Gurr, Ted Robert (1974). Persistence and Change in Political Systems, 1800–1971. American Political Science Review 68(4), 14821504.
Hadenius, Axel, et al. (2017). Authoritarian Regimes Data Set, v. 6.0. Accessed February 28, 2019, at https://sites.google.com/site/authoritarianregimedataset/data
Halleröd, Björn, et al. (2013). Bad Governance and Poor Children: A Comparative Analysis of Government Efficiency and Severe Child Deprivation in 68 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. World Development 48, 1931.
Hanson, Jonathan K. (2015). Democracy and State Capacity: Complements or Substitutes? Studies in Comparative International Development 50(3), 304330.
Harbers, Imke; Ingram, Matthew (2017). Geo-Nested Analysis: Mixed-Methods Research with Spatially Autocorrelated Data. Political Analysis 25, 289307.
Hauck, Katharena, et al. (2016). Priorities for Action on the Social Determinants of Health: Empirical Evidence on the Strongest Associations with Life Expectancy in 54 Low-Income Countries, 1990–2012. Social Science & Medicine 167, 8898.
Heclo, Hugh (1979). Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment. In King, Anthony, ed., A New American Political System. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute, 87124.
Hempel, Karl (1965). Aspects of Scientific Explanation. New York: Free Press.
Hill, Kenneth, et al. (1999). Trends in Child Mortality in the Developing World: 1960–1996. New York: UNICEF.
Hill, Kenneth, et al. (2012). Child Mortality Estimation: Accelerated Progress in Reducing Global Child Mortality, 1990–2010. PLoS Medicine 9(8), e1001303.
Hoechle, Daniel (2007). Robust Standard Errors for Panel Regressions with Cross-Sectional Dependence. Stata Journal 7(3), 281312.
Hollyer, James R. (2018). Measuring Governance. In Anheier, Helmut K., Haber, Matthias, and Kayser, Mark A., eds., Governance Indicators: Approaches, Progress, Promise. New York: Oxford University Press, 103134.
Hone, Thomas, et al. (2017). Association Between Expansion of Primary Healthcare and Racial Inequalities in Mortality Amenable to Primary Care in Brazil: A National Longitudinal Analysis. PloS Medicine 14(5), e1002306.
Hruschka, Daniel, et al. (2014). Impartial Institutions, Pathogen Stress and the Expanding Social Network. Human Nature 25(4), 567579.
Hu, Yannan, et al. (2015). Income inequality, Life Expectancy and Cause-Specific Mortality in 43 European Countries, 1987–2008: A Fixed Effects Study. European Journal of Epidemiology 30(8), 615625.
Hurst, Duane F., et al. (1997). The Relationship of Self-Esteem to the Health-Related Behaviors of the Patients of a Primary Care Clinic. Archives of Family Medicine 6(1), 6770.
IHME (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation) (2018). About GBD. Accessed January 21, 2019, at www.healthdata.org/gbd/about
IHME (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation) (2019). IHME data on live births in thousands and on infant deaths. Accessed January 18, 2019, at https://cloud.ihme.washington.edu/index.php/s/jWq9BL54CcyzuMz (live births) and http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool (infant deaths).
Inklaar, Robert, et al. (2018). Maddison Project Database 2018, Stata version. Accessed January 24, 2018, at www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/data/mpd2018.dta. Groningen, NL: Groningen Growth and Development Center
Itzkowitz, Howard; Oldak, Lauren (1973). Restoring the Ex-Offender’s Right to Vote: Background and Developments. American Criminal Law Review 11(3), 721770.
Jetter, Michael, et al. (2015). The Effect of Democracy on Corruption: Income is Key. World Development 74, 286304.
Jiménez-Rubio, Dolores (2011). The Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Infant Mortality Rates: Evidence from OECD Countries. Social Science & Medicine 73(9), 14011407.
Jiménez-Rubio, Dolores(2014). Fiscal Decentralization of Health Services. In Regmi, Krishna, ed., Decentralizing Health Services: A Global Perspective. New York: Springer, 7992.
Jost, John T., et al. (2003). Political Conservatism as Motivated Social Cognition. Psychological Bulletin 129(3), 339375.
Jost, John T., et al. (2004). Perspectivism in Social Psychology: The Yin and Yang of Scientific Progress. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem, et al. (2000). Mortality Decline, Human Capital Investment, and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics 62(1), 123.
Kato, Junko; Tanaka, Seiki (2018). Human Development without Democratic Accountability: How Regressive Taxation Contributes to Human Development through State Capacity. Japanese Journal of Political Science 19(3), 429443.
Kaufman, Robert; Haggard, Stephan (2019). Democratic Decline in the United States: What Can We Learn from Middle-Income Backsliding? Perspectives on Politics 17(2), 417432.
Kaufmann, Daniel, et al. (2009). Governance Matters VIII: Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators 1996–2008. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4978. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Kavanagh, Matthew M. (2016). The Right to Health: Institutional Effects of Constitutional Provisions on Health Outcomes. Studies in Comparative International Development 51(3), 328364.
Kawachi, Ichiro, et al. (1999). Social Capital and Self-Rated Health: A Contextual Analysis. American Journal of Public Health 89(8), 11871193.
Kawachi, Ichiro; Subramanian, S. V. (2018). Social Epidemiology for the 21st Century. Social Science & Medicine 196, 240245.
Kaza, Avinash (2003). Political Determinants of Indian Social Development. Senior undergraduate thesis, Department of Economics, Stanford University. May. Accessed April 19, 2020, at https://www.semanticscholar.org
Keefer, Philip; Khemani, Stuti (2005). Democracy, Public Expenditures, and the Poor: Understanding Political Incentives for Providing Public Services. World Bank Research Observer 20(1), 127.
Keefer, Philip, et al. (2011). Earthquake Propensity and the Politics of Mortality Prevention. World Development 39(9), 15301541.
Kim, Nam Kyu; Kroeger, Alex M. (2018). Do Multiparty Elections Improve Human Development in Autocracies? Democratization 25(2), 251272.
Kinugasa, Tomoko; Mason, Andrew (2007). Why Countries Become Wealthy: The Effects of Adult Longevity on Saving. World Development 35(1), 123.
Klomp, Jeroen; De Haan, Jakob (2009). Is the Political System Really Related to Health? Social Science & Medicine 69(1), 3646.
Knutsen, Carl Henrik, et al. (2019). Economic Development and Democracy: An Electoral Connection. European Journal of Political Research 58(1), 292314.
Korolev, Alexander (2016). Regime Responsiveness to Basic Needs: A Dimensional Approach. Studies in Comparative International Development 51(4), 434455.
Kosack, Stephen, et al. (2018). Encouraging Participation. Working Paper, Transparency for Development, Ash Center, Harvard Kennedy School, December 17. Accessed April 9, 2019, at https://ash.harvard.edu/transparency-development/publications-1
Kouloumentas, Stavros (2014). The Body and the Polis: Alcmaeon on Health and Disease. British Journal for the History of Philosophy 22(5), 867887.
Krieger, Nancy (2001). Theories for Epidemiology in the 21st Century: An Ecosocial Perspective. International Journal of Epidemiology 30(4), 668677.
Laakso, Markku; Taagepera, Rein (1979). “Effective” Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe. Comparative Political Studies 12(1), 327.
Latinobarómetro (2017). Análisis Online. Apoyo para la democracia, cruzado por edad del entrevistado. Accessed May 18, 2019, at www.latinobarometro.org/latOnline.jsp
Law, Teik Hua (2015). Factors Associated with the Relationship Between Non-Fatal Road Injuries and Economic Growth. Transport Policy 42, 166172.
Leach, Colin Wayne; Cidam, Atilla (2015). When Is Shame Linked to Constructive Approach Orientation? A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 109(6), 9831002.
Leamer, Edward E. (1985). Sensitivity Analyses Would Help. American Economic Review 75(3), 308313.
Lechler, Marie; Sunde, Uwe (2019). Individual Life Horizon Influences Attitudes Toward Democracy. American Political Science Review 113(3), 860867.
Lieberman, Evan S. (2005). Nested Analysis as a Mixed-Method Strategy for Comparative Research. American Political Science Review 99, 435452.
Lijphart, Arend (1997). Unequal Participation: Democracy’s Unresolved Dilemma. American Political Science Review 91(1), 114.
Link, Bruce G.; Phelan, Jo (1995). Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Disease. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Extra Issue, 8094.
Lipset, Seymour Martin (1959). Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy. American Political Science Review 53(1), 69105.
Lizzeri, Alessandro; Persico, Nicola (2004). Why Did the Elites Extend the Suffrage? Democracy and the Scope of Government, with an Application to Britain’s “Age of Reform.Quarterly Journal of Economics 119(2), 707765.
López-Guerra, Claudio (2014). Democracy and Disenfranchisement: The Morality of Electoral Exclusions. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mackenbach, Johan P. (2014). Political Determinants of Health. European Journal of Public Health 24(1), 2.
Mackenbach, Johan P., et al. (2013) Democratization and Life Expectancy in Europe, 1960–2008. Social Science & Medicine 93, 166175.
Macmillan, Ross, et al. (2018). Gender and the Politics of Death: Female Representation, Political and Developmental Context, and Population Health in a Cross-National Panel. Demography 55(5), 19051934.
Madsen, Jakob B. (2018). Health-led Growth Since 1800. Macroeconomic Dynamics 22(4), 9611000.
Mahler, Vincent A. (2008). Electoral Turnout and Income Redistribution by the State: A Cross‐National Analysis of the Developed Democracies. European Journal of Political Research 47(2), 161183.
Mainwaring, Scott, et al. (2010). Measuring Success in Democratic Governance. In Mainwaring, Scott and Scully, Timothy R., eds., Democratic Governance in Latin America. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Makhlouf, Yousef, et al. (2017). Child Mortality, Commodity Price Volatility and the Resource Curse. Social Science & Medicine 178, 144156.
Manor, James (2004). User Committees: A Potentially Damaging Second Wave of Decentralisation? European Journal of Development Research 16(1), 192213.
Marshall, Monty G., et al. (2002), Polity IV, 1800–1999: Comments on Munck and Verkuilen. Comparative Political Studies 35(1), 4045.
Marshall, Monty G., et al. (2018). Polity IV Project: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800–2017. Dataset Users’ Manual. Vienna, VA: Center for Systemic Peace.
Marshall, T. H. (1950). Citizenship and Social Class. In Citizenship and Social Class and Other Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 185.
Martel García, Fernando (2014). Democracy Is Good for the Poor: A Procedural Replication of Ross (2006). Research & Politics 1(3), 110.
Mattila, Mikko, et al. (2013). Healthy Voting: The Effect of Self-Reported Health on Turnout in 30 Countries. Electoral Studies 32(4), 886891.
Maynard, Gary (2016). Health International Non-Governmental Organizations, Democracy, and Tuberculosis Mortality in Developing Nations: A Longitudinal Analysis. Sociological Spectrum 36(5), 303320.
McGuire, James W. (1999). Labor Union Strength and Human Development in East Asia and Latin America. Studies in Comparative International Development 33(4), 334.
McGuire, James W.(2010a). Wealth, Health, and Democracy in East Asia and Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
McGuire, James W.(2010b). Political Factors and Health Outcomes: Insight from Argentina’s Provinces. Research Paper 2010/25 for the UNDP Human Development Report 2010.
McGuire, James W.(2013). Political Regime and Social Performance. Contemporary Politics 19(1), 5575.
McGuire, James W.(2014). Democracy, Agency, and the Classification of Political Regimes. In Brinks, Daniel, Leiras, Marcelo, and Mainwaring, Scott, eds., Reflections on Uneven Democracies: The Legacy of Guillermo O’Donnell. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 287310.
McGuire, William J. (1983). A Contextualist Theory of Knowledge: Its Implications for Innovation and Reform in Psychological Research. In Berkowitz, Leonard, ed., Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 16. New York: Academic Press, 147.
McGuire, William J.(1984). Public Communication as a Strategy for Inducing Health-Promoting Behavioral Change. Preventive Medicine 13(3), 299319.
McGuire, William J.(1989). A Perspectivist Approach to the Strategic Planning of Programmatic Scientific Research. In Gholson, Barry et al., eds., The Psychology of Science: Contributions to Metascience. New York: Cambridge University Press, 214245.
McLaughlin, Sara, et al. (1998). Timing the Changes in Political Structures: A New Polity Database. Journal of Conflict Resolution 42(2), 231242.
McMann, Kelly M., et al. (2019). Why Low Levels of Democracy Promote Corruption and High Levels Diminish It. Political Research Quarterly doi.org/10.1177/1065912919862054
Mercer, Alex, et al. (2006). Validating Neonatal Mortality and Use of NGO Reproductive Health Outreach Services in Rural Bangladesh. Studies in Family Planning 37(2), 111122.
Miller, Grant (2008). Women’s Suffrage, Political Responsiveness, and Child Survival in American History. Quarterly Journal of Economics 123(3), 12871327.
Miller, Michael K. (2015). Electoral Authoritarianism and Human Development. Comparative Political Studies 48(12),15261562.
Ministério da Saúde (2002). Desafios e conquistas do PSF. Revista Brasileira de Saúde da Família [Brasília] 2(5), 624.
Moon, Bruce E.; Dixon, William J. (1985). Politics, the State, and Basic Human Needs: A Cross-National Study. American Journal of Political Science 29(4), 661694.
Mosley, W. Henry (1985). Remarks. In Halstead, Scott B., Walsh, Julia A., and Warren, Kenneth S., eds., Good Health at Low Cost: A Conference Report. New York: The Rockefeller Foundation, 241244.
Mosley, W. Henry; Chen, Lincoln C. (1984). An Analytical Framework for the Study of Child Survival in Developing Countries. Population and Development Review 10 (Supplement), 2445.
Mukherjee, Nisha (2013). Party Systems and Human Well-Being. Party Politics 19(4), 601623.
Munck, Gerardo; Verkuilen, Jay (2002). Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: Evaluating Alternative Indices. Comparative Political Studies 35(1), 534.
Muntaner, Carles (2013). Democracy, Authoritarianism, Political Conflict, and Population Health: A Global, Comparative, and Historical Approach. Social Science & Medicine 86, 107112.
Muntaner, Carles, et al. (2002). Economic Inequality, Working-Class Power, Social Capital, and Cause-Specific Mortality in Wealthy Countries. International Journal of Health Services 32(4), 629656.
Murray, Damian R., et al. (2013). Pathogens and Politics: Further Evidence That Parasite Prevalence Predicts Authoritarianism. PLoS ONE 8(5), e62275.
Nathanson, Constance A. (1996). Disease Prevention as Social Change: Toward a Theory of Public Health. Population and Development Review 22(4), 609637.
Navarro, Vicente; Shi, Leiyu (2001). The Political Context of Social Inequalities and Health. International Journal of Health Services 31(1), 121.
Navia, Patrico; Zweifel, Thomas D. (2003). Democracy, Dictatorship, and Infant Mortality Revisited. Journal of Democracy 14(3), 90103.
Nelson, Joan M. (2007). Elections, Democracy, and Social Services. Studies in Comparative International Development 41(4), 7997.
Ng, Edwin (2013). The Politics of Population Health in Canada: Testing Provincial Welfare Generosity and Leftist Politics as Macro-social Determinants of Population Health. PhD Diss., University of Toronto.
Niedzwiecki, Sara (2018). Uneven Social Policies: The Politics of Subnational Variation in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Norris, Pippa (2012). Making Democratic Governance Work. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Norris, Pippa(2017). Is Western Democracy Backsliding? Diagnosing the Risks. Journal of Democracy Web Exchange. Accessed July 6, 2018, at www.journalofdemocracy.org/page/283/?s
Norris, Pippa, et al., eds. (2019). Electoral Integrity in America. New York: Oxford University Press.
Nussbaum, Martha (2011). Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
O’Donnell, Guillermo (2010). Democracy, Agency, and the State: Theory with Comparative Intent. New York: Oxford University Press.
Okada, Keisuke (2018). Health and Political Regimes: Evidence from Quantile Regression. Economic Systems 42(2), 307319.
Olafsdottir, Sigrun; Beckfield, Jason (2011). Health and the Social Rights of Citizenship: Integrating Welfare-State Theory and Medical Sociology. In Pescosolido, Bernice A. et al., eds., Handbook of the Sociology of Health, Illness, and Healing. New York: Springer, 101115.
Olper, Alessandro, et al. (2018). Trade Liberalization and Child Mortality: A Synthetic Control Method. World Development 110, 394410.
Ostrom, Elinor (1996). Crossing the Great Divide: Coproduction, Synergy, and Development. World Development 24(6), 10731087.
Pacek, Alexander; Radcliff, Benjamin (1995). Turnout and the Vote for Left-of-Centre Parties: A Cross-National Analysis. British Journal of Political Science 25(1), 137143.
Pacheco, Julianna; Fletcher, Jason (2015). Incorporating Health into Studies of Political Behavior: Evidence for Turnout and Partisanship. Political Research Quarterly 68(1), 104116.
Patterson, Andrew C. (2017). Not All Built the Same? A Comparative Study of Electoral Systems and Population Health. Health & Place 47, 9099.
Patterson, Andrew C.; Veenstra, Gerry (2016). Politics and Population Health: Testing the Impact of Electoral Democracy. Health & Place 40, 6675.
Peksen, Dursun (2011). Economic Sanctions and Human Security: The Public Health Effect of Economic Sanctions. Foreign Policy Analysis 7(3), 237251.
Pemstein, Daniel, et al. (2010). Democratic Compromise: A Latent Variable Analysis of Ten Measures of Regime Type. Political Analysis 18(4), 426449.
Pérez-Liñán, Aníbal; Mainwaring, Scott (2014). Democratic Breakdown and Survival in Latin America, 1945–2005. In Brinks, Daniel, Leiras, Marcelo, and Mainwaring, Scott, eds., Reflections on Uneven Democracies: The Legacy of Guillermo O’Donnell. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2143.
Persson, Torsten; Tabellini, Guido (2005). The Economic Effects of Constitutions. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Pettersson, Jan (2007). Child Mortality: Is Aid Fungibility in Pro-Poor Expenditure Sectors Decisive? Review of World Economics 143(4), 673693.
Pieters, Hannah, et al. (2016). Effect of Democratic Reforms on Child Mortality: A Synthetic Control Analysis. The Lancet Global Health 4(9), e627e632.
Price-Smith, Andrew T. (2008). Contagion and Chaos: Disease, Ecology, and National Security in the Era of Globalization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Pritchett, Lant; Summers, Lawrence H. (1996). Wealthier Is Healthier. Journal of Human Resources 31(4), 841868.
Przeworski, Adam, et al. (2000). Democracy and Development. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Purtle, Jonathan (2013). Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States: A Health Equity Perspective. American Journal of Public Health 103(4), 632637.
Putnam, Robert D. (2001). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Reitan, Therese C. (2003). Too Sick to Vote? Public Health and Voter Turnout in Russia During the 1990s. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 36(1), 4968.
Reynolds, Megan M. (2014). Power, Policy and Health in Rich Democracies. PhD Diss., Duke University.
Rodríguez, Javier M. (2018). Health Disparities, Politics, and the Maintenance of the Status Quo: A New Theory of Inequality. Social Science & Medicine 200, 3643.
Rodríguez, Javier M., et al. (2015). Black Lives Matter: Differential Mortality and the Racial Composition of the US Electorate, 1970–2004. Social Science & Medicine 136, 193199.
Roepke, Susan K.; Grant, Igor (2011). Toward a More Complete Understanding of the Effects of Personal Mastery on Cardiometabolic Health. Health Psychology 30(5), 615632.
Root, Hilton L. (1996). Small Countries, Big Lessons: Governance and the Rise of East Asia. New York: Oxford University Press.
Rosenberg, Dina Y. (2018). Political Economy of Infant Mortality Rate: Role of Democracy Versus Good Governance. International Journal of Health Services 48(3), 435460.
Ross, Michael (2006). Is Democracy Good for the Poor? American Journal of Political Science 50(4), 860874.
Rothstein, Bo (2015). Guilty as Charged? Human Well-Being and the Unsung Relevance of Political Science. In Peters, Guy B., Pierre, Jon, and Stoker, Gerry, eds., The Relevance of Political Science. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 84103.
Rothstein, Bo; Teorell, Jan (2008). What Is Quality of Government? A Theory of Impartial Government Institutions. Governance 21(2), 165190.
Sacks, Audrey; Levi, Margaret (2010). Measuring Government Effectiveness and Its Consequences for Social Welfare in Sub-Saharan African Countries. Social Forces 88(5), 23252351.
Safaei, Jalil (2006). Is Democracy Good for Health? International Journal of Health Services 36(4), 767786.
Sartori, Giovanni (1976). Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Schattschneider, E. E. (1960). The Semisovereign People: A Realist’s View of Democracy in America. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Schur, Lisa, et al. (2013). People with Disabilities: Sidelined or Mainstreamed? New York: Cambridge University Press.
SCImago (2018). SJR – SCImago Journal & Country Rank [Portal]. Accessed December 23, 2018, at www.scimagojr.com
Seawright, Jason (2016). Multi-Method Social Science: Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Tools. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Selway, Joel Sawat (2011). Electoral Reform and Public Policy Outcomes in Thailand: The Politics of the 30-Baht Health Scheme. World Politics 63(1), 165202.
Sen, Amartya K. (1983). Development: Which Way Now? The Economic Journal 93(372), 745762.
Sen, Amartya K.(1999). Development as Freedom. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Skaaning, Svend-Erik, et al. (2015). A Lexical Index of Electoral Democracy. Comparative Political Studies 48(12), 14911525.
Shandra, John M., et al. (2010). Do Non-Governmental Organizations Impact Health? A Cross-National Analysis of Infant Mortality. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 51, 137164.
Steiner, Nils D. (2016). Comparing Freedom House Democracy Scores to Alternative Indices and Testing for Political Bias: Are US Allies Rated as More Democratic by Freedom House? Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 18(4), 329349.
Svolik, Milan W. (2019). Polarization versus Democracy. Journal of Democracy 30(3), 2032.
Szreter, Simon (1997). Economic Growth, Disruption, Deprivation, Disease, and Death: On the Importance of the Politics of Public Health for Development. Population and Development Review 23(4), 693728.
Taucher, Erica (1984). Mortalidad infantil en Chile. Paper prepared for the Organización Pamamericana de la Salud Taller Regional sobre Estrategias de Atención Primaria y Mortalidad del Niño, 7–11 de Mayo, Mexico, DF.
Tendler, Judith (1997). Good Government in the Tropics. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Teorell, Jan, et al. (2018). Quality of Government Standard Dataset, version Jan18. University of Gothenburg: The Quality of Government Institute, www.qog.pol.gu.se doi:10.18157/QoGStdJan18. Original data: Infant mortality: World Bank World Development Indicators, accessed November 2, 2017. V-Dem Liberal Democracy Index: Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project country-year/country-date dataset v7.1, accessed October 17, 2017.
Thornhill, Randy, et al. (2009). Parasites, Democratization, and the Liberalization of Values across Contemporary Countries. Biological Reviews 84(1), 113131.
Touchton, Michael; Wampler, Brian (2014). Improving Social Well-Being Through New Democratic Institutions. Comparative Political Studies 47(10), 14421469.
Touchton, Michael, et al. (2017). Democracy at Work: Moving Beyond Elections to Improve Well-Being. American Political Science Review 111(1), 6882.
Truex, Rory (2017). The Myth of the Democratic Advantage. Studies in Comparative International Development 52(3), 261277.
Tybur, Joshua M., et al. (2016). Parasite Stress and Pathogen Avoidance Relate to Distinct Dimensions of Political Ideology Across 30 Nations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113(44), 1240812413.
Uggen, Christopher; Manza, Jeff (2002). Democratic Contraction? Political Consequences of Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States. American Sociological Review 67(6), 777803.
UNDP-Korea (United Nations Development Programme-Korea) (1998). Korea Human Development Report 1998. Seoul: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs.
UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Education Fund) (1992, 1998). State of the World’s Children. New York: Oxford University Press.
UNICEF et al. (2007). Child Mortality in 2006: Estimates Developed by the Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. New York: UNICEF.
UNIGME (United Nations Inter-Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation) (2019). Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) and Number of Under-Five Deaths. Updated September 18, 2018. Accessed January 18, 2019, at https://childmortality.org
UNPD (United Nations Population Division) (1992). Child Mortality Since the 1960s. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Development.
UNPD (United Nations Population Division) (2017). World Population Prospects. The 2017 Revision. Methodology of the United Nations Population Estimates and Projections. New York: United Nations.
V-Dem Institute (2019). Democracy Facing Global Challenges: V-Dem Annual Report 2019. University of Gothenburg, Varieties of Democracy Institute.
V-Dem Institute (2020a). V-Dem Codebook v10 - March 2020. University of Gothenburg, Varieties of Democracy Institute.
V-Dem Institute (2020b). V-Dem Country–Year Dataset v10. University of Gothenburg, Varieties of Democracy Institute. https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds20
Valenzuela, J. Samuel (1992). Democratic Consolidation in Post-Transitional Settings: Notion, Process, and Facilitating Conditions. In Mainwaring, Scott, O’Donnell, Guillermo, and Valenzuela, J. Samuel, eds., Issues in Democratic Consolidation. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
Vanhanen, Tatu (2016). Measures of Democracy 1810–2014 [dataset]. Version 7.0 (2016–05-30). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. Accessed May 9, 2019, at http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1289
Virchow, Rudolf (1985 [1879]). Report on the Typhus Epidemic in Upper Silesia. In Rather, Lelland Joseph, ed. Collected Essays on Public Health and Epidemiology, Vol. 1. Canton, MA: Science History Publications.
Wampler, Brian (2007). Participatory Budgeting in Brazil: Contestation, Cooperation, and Accountability. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Wang, Yi-ting, et al. (2019). Does Democracy Enhance Health? New Empirical Evidence 1900–2012. Political Research Quarterly 72(3), 554–569.
Watson, Samuel I. (2016). Democratic Reform and Health: Interpreting Causal Estimates. The Lancet Global Health 4(12), e904.
Welander, Anna, et al. (2015). Globalization, Democracy, and Child Health in Developing Countries. Social Science & Medicine 136, 5263.
Weyland, Kurt (1995). Social Movements and the State: The Politics of Health Reform in Brazil. World Development 23(10), 16991712.
WHO (World Health Organization) (2018). WHO Methods and Data Sources for Life Tables 1990–2016. Geneva: WHO.
Wigley, Simon; Akkoyunlu-Wigley, Arzu (2011a). The Impact of Regime Type on Health: Does Redistribution Explain Everything? World Politics 63(4), 647677.
Wigley, Simon; Akkoyunlu-Wigley, Arzu(2011b). Do Electoral Institutions Have an Impact on Population Health? Public Choice 148(3–4), 595610.
Wigley, Simon; Akkoyunlu-Wigley, Arzu(2017). The Impact of Democracy and Media Freedom on Under-5 Mortality, 1961–2011. Social Science & Medicine 190, 237246.
Wilkinson, Richard G. (2001). Mind the Gap: Hierarchies, Health, and Human Evolution. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Wilson, Ben; Dyson, Tim (2017). Democracy and the Demographic Transition. Democratization 24(4), 594612.
World Bank (1998). World Development Indicators on CD-ROM. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Young, Frank (1994). The Structural Causes of Infant Mortality Decline in Chile. Social Indicators Research 31(1), 2746.
Young, Frank; Lyson, Thomas A. (2001). Structural Pluralism and All-Cause Mortality. American Journal of Public Health 91(1), 136138.
Zelizer, Julian E. (2015). How Medicare Was Made. New Yorker, February 15. Accessed March 14, 2019, at www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/medicare-made
Zweifel, Thomas D.; Navia, Patricio (2000). Democracy, Dictatorship, and Infant Mortality. Journal of Democracy 11(2), 99114.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.