Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 214
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
September 2009
Print publication year:
2005
Online ISBN:
9780511491078

Book description

Since the momentous events of the late 1980s, democratic transition has been a widely studied phenomenon. Most scholars who have investigated the causes and implications of the global trend to democracy have argued that domestic politics is the leading determinant in the success or failure of transitions to democracy. In this book, Jon Pevehouse argues that international factors, specifically regional organizations, play an important role in the transition to and endurance of democracy. Domestic elites use membership of regional organizations to advance the cause of democracy since these organizations can manipulate the costs and benefits of democracy to important societal groups such as business elites or the military. Six cases (Hungary, Peru, Greece, Paraguay, Guatemala, and Turkey) examine the causal processes behind the statistical association between regional organizations and democratization. These findings bridge international relations and comparative politics while also providing guidelines for policy-makers who wish to use regional organizations to promote democracy.

Reviews

'Democracy from Above bridges disciplinary and methodological categories in a smart and thorough way. Students of both international organisations and democratisation will have to contend with the book's convincing conclusions, and policy-makers should as well.'

Source: The Review of International Organizations

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

References
Abente, Diego. 1989. “Constraints and Opportunities: Prospects for Democratization in Paraguay.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 30 (1): 73–104
Acevedo, Domingo E. and Claudio Grossman. 1996. “The Organization of American States and the Protection of Democracy.” In Beyond Sovereignty: Collectively Defending Democracy in the Americas, ed. T. Farer, 132–49. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Agocs, Sandor. 1997. “A Dispirited Army.” In Civil-Military Relations in Post-Communist States, ed. A. A. Bebler, 86–92. Westport: Praeger
Aguero, Felipe. 1992. “The Military and the Limits to Democratization in South America.” In Issues in Democratic Consolidation, ed. S. Mainwaring, G. O'Donnell, and J. S. Valenzuela, 153–98. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press
Aguero, Felipe. 1995. “Democratic Consolidation and the Military in Southern Europe and South America.” In The Politics of Democratic Consolidation, ed. R. Gunther, N. P. Diamandouros, and H. Puhle, 124–65. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Albright, Madeline. 1997. “Enlarging North Atlantic Treaty Organization: Why Bigger is Better.” The Economist 342 (February)
Allison, Graham T. and Beschel, R.. 1992. “Can the United States Promote Democracy?” Political Science Quarterly 107(1): 8998
Almond, Gabriel A. 1989. “The International-National Connection.” British Journal of Political Science 19: 237–59
Alvarez, Mike, Cheibub, José Antonio, Limongi, Fernando, and Przeworski, Adam. 1996. “Classifying Political Regimes.” Studies in Comparative International Development 31(Summer): 3–36
Arat, Zehra. 1988. “Democracy and Economic Development: Modernization Theory Revisited.” Comparative Politics 21 (1): 21–36
Archer, Clive. 1992. International Organizations. London: Routledge
Armijo, Leslie E., Thomas J. Biersteker, and Abraham F. Lowenthal. 1995. “The Problem of Simultaneous Transitions.” In Economic Reform and Democracy, ed. L. Diamond and M. Plattner, 226–40. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press
Ash, Timothy Garton, Michael Mertes, and Dominique Mosi. 1991. “It's their Europe, too.” The Independent, September 16, 17
Asmus, Ronald D., Kugler, Richard L., and Larrabee, F. Stephen. 1993. “Building a New North Atlantic Treaty Organization.” Foreign Affairs 72 (4): 28–40
Balbi, Carmen R. and Palmer, David S.. 2001. “‘Reinventing’ Democracy in Peru.” Current History (February): 65–72
Banks, Arthur S. 1994. “Cross-Polity Data Codebook.” Binghamton: Binghamton University. Typescript
Banks, Arthur S. Various years. Political Handbook of the World. Binghamton: CSA Publications
Banks, Arthur S. and Thomas C. Mueller. 1998. Political Handbook of the World. Binghamton: CSA Publications
Barany, Zoltan. 1999. “Hungary: An Outpost on the Troubled Periphery.” In America's New Allies, ed. A. A. Michta, 74–111. Seattle: University of Washington Press
Barany, Zoltan and Peter Deak. 1999. “The Civil-Military Nexus in Postcommunist Hungary.” In The Military and Society in the Former Eastern Bloc, ed. C. Danopoulos and D. Zirker, 31–50. Boulder, CO: Westview Press
Barchard, David. 1985. Turkey and the West. London: Routledge
Barro, Robert J. 1997. Determinants of Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
Bartlett, David. 1997. The Political Economy of Dual Transformations: Market Reform and Democratization in Hungary. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
Bartlett, David and Hunter, Wendy. 1997. “Market Structures, Political Institutions, and Democratization: The Latin American and East European Experiences.” Review of International Political Economy 4 (1): 87–126
Basombrio, Carlos. 2001. “Peru: The Collapse of ‘Fujimorismo.’” In The Crisis of Democratic Governance in the Andes, ed. C. Arnson, 11–32. Princeton, NJ: Wilson Center
Batt, Judy. 1994. “The International Dimension of Democratisation in Czechoslovakia and Hungary.” In Building Democracy? The International Dimension of Democratization in Eastern Europe, ed. G. Pridham, E. Herring, and G. Sanford, 168–87. New York: St. Martin's Press
Bebler, Anton. 1997. “Postscript.” In Civil-Military Relations in Post-Communist States, ed. A. A. Bebler, 125–35. Westport: Praeger
Beck, Nathaniel. 1998. “Modeling Space and Time: The Event History Approach.” In Research Strategies in the Social Sciences: A Guide to New Approaches, ed. E. Scarbrough and E. Tanenbaum, 191–213. New York: Oxford University Press
Beck, Nathaniel and Katz, Jonathan. 1995. “What to Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data.” American Political Science Review 89 (3): 634–47
Beck, Nathaniel, Katz, Jonathan N., and Tucker, Richard. 1998. “Beyond Ordinary Logit: Taking Time Seriously in Binary Time-Series Cross-Section Models.” American Journal of Political Science 42 (4): 1260–88
Bennett, D. Scott. 1999. “Parametric Models, Duration Dependence, and Time-Varying Data Revisited.” American Journal of Political Science 43 (1): 256–70
Bergsten, C. Fred, and Jeffrey Schott. 1997. U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Trade. Preliminary Evaluation Of NAFTA. September 11
Black, George, with Milton Jamail and Norma Chinchilla. 1984. Garrison Guatemala. New York: Monthly Review Press
Bliss, Henry, and Russett, Bruce. 1998. “Democratic Trading Partners: The Liberal Connection, 1962–1989.” Journal of Politics 60 (4): 1126–47
Bloomfield, Richard J. 1994. “Making the Western Hemisphere Safe for Democracy? The Organization of American States Defense-of-Democracy Regime.” Washington Quarterly 17(Spring): 157–69
Bollen, Kenneth. 1983. “World System Position, Dependency, and Democracy: The Cross-National Evidence.” American Sociological Review 48 (4): 468–79
Bollen, Kenneth and Jackman, Robert. 1985. “Political Democracy and the Size Distribution of Income.” American Sociological Review 50 (4): 438–57
Botcheva, Liliana and Martin, Lisa L. 2001. “Institutional Effects on State Behavior: Convergence and Divergence.” International Studies Quarterly 45 (1): 1–39
Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M., and Jones, Bradford S.. 1997. “Time Is of the Essence: Event History Models in Political Science.” American Journal of Political Science 41 (4): 1414–61
Boyd, Carolyn and James Boyden. 1985. “The Armed Forces and the Transition to Democracy in Spain.” In Politics and Change in Spain, ed. T. Lancaster and G. Prevost, 94–124. Praeger: New York
Braun, Aurel. 1999. “Introduction: The Continuing Dilemmas of Transition.” In Dilemmas of Transition: The Hungarian Experience, ed. A. Braun and Z. Barany, 1–28. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc
Brown, Drusilla, Alan Deardorff, Simeon Djankov, and Robert Stern. 1997. “An Economic Assessment of the Integration of Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland into the European Union.” In Europe's Economy Looks East, ed. S. W. Black, 23–60. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Bugajski, Janusz. 1992. Nations in Turmoil: Conflict and Cooperation in Eastern Europe. Boulder, CO: Westview Press
Bunce, Valerie. 1997. “The Visegrad Group: Regional Cooperation and European Integration in Post-Communist Europe.” In Mitteleuropa: Between Europe and Germany, ed. P. Katzenstein, 240–84. Providence, RI: Berghahn Books
Burkhart, Ross and Lewis-Beck, Michael. 1994. “Comparative Democracy: The Economic Development Thesis.” American Political Science Review 88 (4): 903–10
Burnell, Peter. 2000. Democracy Assistance: International Cooperation for Democratization. London: Frank Cass
Burton, Michael, Richard Gunther, and John Higley. 1992. “Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe: An Overview.” In Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe, ed. J. Higley and R. Gunther. New York: Cambridge University Press
Busch, Marc L. and Helen V. Milner. 1994. “The Future of the International Trading System: International Firms, Regionalism, and Domestic Politics.” In Political Economy and the Changing Global Order, ed. R. Stubbs and G. Underhill, 259–76. New York: St. Martin's Press
Caizlez, Andres. 2002. “Americas: Organization of American States Strengthened by Response to Venezuelan Coup.” Inter Press Service, April 17. [Lexis/Nexis]
Cameron, Maxwell A. 1994. Democracy and Authoritarianism in Peru: Political Coalitions and Social Change. New York: St. Martin's Press
Cameron, Maxwell A. 1997. “Political and Economic Origins of Regime Change in Peru.” In The Peruvian Labyrinth: Polity, Society, and Economy, ed. M. Cameron and P. Mauceri, 37–71. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press
Cameron, Maxwell A. 1998a. “Self-Coups: Peru, Guatemala, and Russia.” Journal of Democracy 9 (1): 125–39
Cameron, Maxwell A. 1998b. “Latin American autogolpes: Dangerous Undertows in the Third Wave of Democratization.” Third World Quarterly 19 (2): 219–39
Cameron, Maxwell A. and Philip Mauceri. 1997. “Threads in the Peruvian Labyrinth.” In The Peruvian Labyrinth: Polity, Society, and Economy, ed. M. Cameron and P. Mauceri, 223–45. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press
Candar, Cengiz. 1999. “Redefining Turkey's Political Center.” Journal of Democracy 10 (4): 129–41
Carothers, Thomas. 1999. Aiding Democracy Abroad: The Learning Curve. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Carr, E. H. 1946. The Twenty Years' Crisis, 1919–1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations. London: Macmillan and Co
Chand, Vikram K. 1997. “Democratization from the Outside In: Non-governmental Organization and International Efforts to Promote Open Elections.” Third World Quarterly 18(3): 543–61
Christopher, Warren. 1995. “America's Leadership, America's Opportunity.” Foreign Policy (95): 6–27
CIA Factbook On-line. 1999. http://www.odci.gov/
Clemens, Elisabeth S. 1998. “To Move Mountains: Collective Action and the Possibility of Institutional Change.” In From Contention to Democracy, ed. M. Giugni, D. McAdam, and C. Tilly. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc
Clogg, Richard. 1979a. “The Greek Political Context.” In Greece and the European Community, ed. L. Tsoukalis, 108–27. Westmead, UK: Saxon House
Clogg, Richard. 1979b. A Short History of Modern Greece. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Coad, Malcom. 1992. “Fujimori U-Turns to Avert Tougher Organization of American States Sanctions.” The Guardian, May 21, 10
Coile, Zachary. 2002. “Tepid U.S. Response to Chavez's Return.” San Francisco Chronicle, April 15, A9
Constable, Pamela. 1993. “Organization of American States Neighbors Remain Wary as Guatemala Crisis Lingers.” Boston Globe, June 4. Lexis-Nexis
Cooper, Andrew F. and Legler, Thomas. 2001. “A Model for the Future?” Journal of Democracy 12 (4): 123–36
Costa, Eduardo F. 1993. “Peru's Presidential Coup.” Journal of Democracy 4 (1): 28–40
Coufoudakis, . 1977. “The European Economic Community and the ‘Freezing’ of the Greek Association, 1967–1974.” Journal of Common Market Studies 16 (2): 114–31
Couloumbis, Theodore A. 1983. The United States, Greece, and Turkey: The Troubled Triangle. New York: Praeger
Cowhey, Peter F. 1993. “Domestic Institutions and the Credibility of International Commitments: Japan and the United States.” International Organization 47: 299–326
Crescenzi, Mark J. C. 1999. “Violence and Uncertainty in Transitions.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 43 (2): 192–212
Dagi, Ihsan D. 1996. “Democratic Transition in Turkey, 1980–1983: The Impact of European Diplomacy.” Middle Eastern Studies 32 (2): 124–41
Dahl, Robert. 1971. Polyarchy. New Haven: Yale University Press
Dahl, Robert. 1989. Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven: Yale University Press
Dassel, Kurt. 1998. “Civilians, Soldiers, and Strife: Domestic Sources of International Aggression.” International Security 23(Summer): 107–40
Dassel, Kurt and Reinhardt, Eric. 1998. “Domestic Strife and the Initiation of Violence at Home and Abroad.” American Journal of Political Science 43 (1): 56–85
Degregori, Carlos I. 1997. “After the Fall of Abimael Guzman: The Limits of Sendero Luminoso.” In The Peruvian Labyrinth: Polity, Society, and Economy, ed. M. Cameron and P. Mauceri, 179–91. University Park, PA: Penn State University Pres
DeYoung, Karen. 2002. “U.S. Seen as Weak Patron of Latin Democracy.” Washington Post, April 16, A15
Di Palma, Giuseppe. 1990. “Parliaments, Consolidation, Institutionalization: A Minimalist View.” In Parliament and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, ed. U. Liebert and M. Cotta, 31–49. London: Pinter Publishers
Diamandouros, P. N. 1986. “Regime Change and the Prospects for Democracy in Greece: 1974–1983.” In Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives, ed. G. O'Donnell, P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, 138–64. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Diamond, Larry J. 1992. “Economic Development and Democracy Reconsidered.” In Reexamining Democracy: Essays in Honor of Seymour Martin Lipset, ed. G. Marks and L. Diamond, 93–139. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications
Diamond, Larry J. 1995. “Promoting Democracy in Africa: U.S. and International Policies in Transition.” In Africa in World Politics: Post-Cold War Challenges, ed. J. Harbeson and D. Rothchild, 250–77. Boulder, CO: Westview Press
Diamond, Larry J. 1999. Developing Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Diamond, Larry, Juan J. Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, eds. 1989. Democracy in Developing Countries (4 vols.). Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner
Diermeier, Daniel, Joel Ericson, Timothy Frye, Steven Lewis. 1997. “Credible Commitment and Property Rights: The Role of Strategic Interaction Between Political and Economic Actors.” In The Political Economy of Property Rights: Institutional Change and Credibility in the Reform of Centrally Planned Economies, ed. D. Weimer, 20–42. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Dodd, C. H. 1990. The Crisis of Turkish Democracy, 2nd edn. Huntingdon: Eothen Press
Dominguez, Jorge I. 1998. “The Americas: Found, and then Lost Again.” Foreign Policy 112 (Fall): 125–37
Downes, Richard. 1994. “In Defense of Democracy in the Western Hemisphere.” North-South: Magazine of the Americas 4 (3): 20–5
Downs, George W., Rocke, David M., and Barsoom, Peter N.. 1996. “Is the Good News About Compliance Good News About Cooperation?” International Organization 50 (3): 379–406
Doxey, John. 1997. “Turkey's Generals Draw a Line in the Sand.” Business Week, May 12, 63
Drake, Paul W. 1998. “The International Causes of Democratization, 1974–1990.” In The Origins of Liberty: Political and Economic Liberalization in the Modern World, ed. Paul W. Drake and Mathew D. McCubbins, 70–91. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Drezner, Daniel, ed. 2003. Locating the Proper Authorities: The Interaction of Domestic and International Institutions. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
Durand, Francisco. 1997. “The Growth and Limitations of the Peruvian Right.” In The Peruvian Labyrinth: Polity, Society, and Economy, ed. M. Cameron and P. Mauceri. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press
European Community Bulletin. 1981. European Community Bulletin 14 (5): 53
Eckstein, Harry and Ted Robert Gurr. 1975. Patterns of Authority: A Structural Basis for Political Inquiry. New York: Wiley-Interscience
Evans, Peter. 1993. “Building an Integrative Approach to International and Domestic Politics: Reflections and Projections.” In Double-Edged Diplomacy, ed. P. Evans, H. Jacobson, and R. Putnam, 397–430. Berkeley: University of California Press
Evans, Peter, Harold Jacobson, and Robert Putnam, eds. 1993. Double-Edged Diplomacy. Berkeley: University of California Press
Faiola, Anthony. 1998. “Paraguay Faces Ghost of Its Political Past.” Washington Post, April 10, A16
Farber, Henry S. and Gowa, Joanne. 1995. “Polities and Peace.” International Security 20 (2): 123–46
Farer, Tom J. 1989. “A Multilateral Arrangement to Secure Democracy.” In Democracy in the Americas, ed. R. Pastor, 115–32. New York: Holmes and Meier
Fearon, James D. 1994. “Domestic Political Audiences and the Escalation of Interstate Disputes.” American Political Science Review 88 (September): 577–92
Featherstone, Kevin. 1994. “Political Parties.” In Greece and European Community Membership Evaluated, ed. P. Kazakos and P. C. Ioakimidis, 154–65. New York: St. Martin's Press
Feinberg, Richard. 1996. “The Coup that Wasn't.” Washington Post, April 30, A13
Feld, Werner J. and Robert S. Jordan, with Leon Hurwitz. 1994. International Organizations: A Comparative Approach, 3rd edn. Westport, CT: Praeger
Felkay, Andrew. 1997. Out of Russian Orbit: Hungary Gravitates to the West. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press
Feng, Y. and Zak, P. J.. 1999. “The Determinants of Democratic Transitions.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 43 (2): 162–77
Fernández, Raquel and Portes, Jonathan. 1998. “Returns to Regionalism: An Evaluation of Nontraditional Gains from Regional Trade Agreements.” The World Bank Economic Review 12 (2): 197–220
Finer, Samuel E. 1962. The Man on Horseback. London: Pall Mall
Finnemore, Martha. 1996a. National Interests in International Society. Ithaca: Cornell University Press
Finnemore, Martha. 1996b. “Norms, Culture, and World Politics: Insights from Sociology's Institutionalism.” International Organization 50 (Spring): 325–47
Fitzmaurice, John. 1998. Politics and Government in the Visegrad Countries. New York: St. Martin's Press
Foster, Gregory. 1996. “Confronting the Crisis in Civil-Military Relations.” Washington Quarterly 20 (4): 15–33
Freeman, Alan. 1997. “Hungary Sees North Atlantic Treaty Organization as Insurance: Seeks to Avoid Russian Sphere of Influence.” Cleveland Plain Dealer, February 16, A7. Lexis-Nexis
Frieden, Jeffry A. and Ronald Rogowski. 1996. “The Impact of the International Economy on National Policies: An Analytical Overview.” In Internationalization and Domestic Politics, ed. R. O. Keohane and H. V. Milner, 25–47. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Friedrich, Robert J. 1983. “In Defense of Multiplicative Terms in Multiple Regression Equations”. American Journal of Political Science 26 (4): 797–833
Frye, Timothy. 1997. “Russian Privatization and the Limits of Credible Commitment.” In The Political Economy of Property Rights: Institutional Change and Credibility in the Reform of Centrally Planned Economies, ed. D. Weimer, 84–108. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Galvin, Kevin. 1992. “Military Shuts Media, Detains Critics as Constitution is Suspended.” Associated Press Wire, April 7. Lexis-Nexis
Garfinkle, Adam. 1991. “The Nadir of Greek Democracy.” In Friendly Tyrants, ed. D. Pipes and A. Garfinkle, 63–87. New York: St. Martin's Press
Gartzke, Erik. 1998. “Kant We All Just Get Along? Opportunity, Willingness, and the Origins of the Democratic Peace.” American Journal of Political Science 42: 1–28
Gartzke, Erik. 2000. “Preferences and the Democratic Peace.” International Studies Quarterly 44 (2): 191–212
Gasiorowski, Mark J. 1993. “The Political Regime Change Dataset.” Louisiana State University. Typescript
Gartzke, Erik. 1995. “Economic Crisis and Political Regime Change: An Event History Analysis.” American Political Science Review 89 (4): 882–97
Gartzke, Erik. 1996. “An Overview of the Political Regime Change Dataset.” Comparative Political Studies 29 (August): 469–83
Gasiorowski, Mark J. and Power, Timothy J.. 1998. “The Structural Determinants of Democratic Consolidation: Evidence from the Third World.” Comparative Political Studies 31 (6): 740–71
Gastil, Raymond D. 1990. “The Comparative Survey of Freedom: Experiences and Suggestions.” Studies in Comparative International Development 25 (1): 25–50
Gaubatz, Kurt T. 1996. “Democratic States and Commitment in International Relations.” International Organization 50 (Winter): 109–39
Geddes, Barbara. 1999. “What Do We Know About Democratization after Twenty Years?” Annual Review of Political Science 2: 115–44
Gedeon, Peter. 1997. “Hungary: German and European Influences on the Post-Socialist Transition.” In Mitteleuropa: Between Europe and Germany, ed. P. Katzenstein, 101–48. Providence, RI: Berghahn Books
George, Alexander and McKeown, Timothy. 1985. “Case Studies and Theories of Organizational Decision Making.” Advances in Information Processing in Organizations 2: 21–58
Gerschenkron, Alexander. 1962. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective. Cambridge: Belknap Press
Gleditsch, Kristian. 2002. “Expanded Trade and GDP Data.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 46: 712–24
Goldman, Minton F. 1997. Revolution and Change in Central and Eastern Europe. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe
Goldstein, Judith. 1996. “International Law and Domestic Institutions: Reconciling North American ‘Unfair’ Trade Laws.” International Organization 50 (4): 541–64
Goldstein, Judith. 1998. “International Institutions and Domestic Politics: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Warsaw Treaty Organization, and the Liberalization of International Trade.” In The Warsaw Treaty Organization as an International Organization, ed. A. O. Krueger, 133–60. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Gonick, Lev S. and Rosh, Robert M.. 1988. “The Structural Constraints of the World-Economy on National Political Development.” Comparative Political Studies 21 (2): 171–99
Gonzalez, Gustavo. 1991. “Americas: Proposal for Automatic Organization of American States Anti-Coup Sanctions.” Inter Press Service, June 4. [Lexis/Nexis]
Gourevitch, Peter A. 1978. “The Second Image Reversed: The International Sources of Domestic Politics.” International Organization 32 (4): 881–912
Gower, Jackie. 1993. “European Community Relations with Central and Eastern Europe.” In The European Community and the Challenge of the Future, 2nd edn, ed. J. Lodge, 283–99. New York: St. Martin's Press
Grabendorff, Wolf. 1993. “The Price of Integration: Reducing or Redefining State Sovereignty?” In The Challenge of Integration: Europe and the Americas ed. P. Smith, 333–60. New Brunswick: Transaction
Grabendorff, Wolf. 1996. “International Support for Democracy in Contemporary Latin America: The Role of the Party Internationals.” In The International Aspects of Democratization: Europe and the Americas, ed. L. Whitehead, 201–26. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Grieco, Joseph. 1988. “Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism.” International Organization 42: 485–507
Grieco, Joseph. 1996. “State Interests and Institutional Rule Trajectories: A Neorealist Interpretation of the Maastricht Treaty and European Economic and Monetary Union.” Security Studies 5 (Spring): 261–306
Grugel, Jean, ed. 1999. Democracy Without Borders: Transnationalization and Conditionality in New Democracies. London: Routledge
Gunther, Richard, Hans-Jurgen Puhle, P. Nikiforos Diamandouros. 1995. “Introduction.” In The Politics of Democratic Consolidation, ed. R. Gunther, N. Diamandouros, and H. Puhle, 1–30. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Gurnon, Emily. 1993. “Adios, Jorge.” The Nation, June 28, 892–3
Gurr, Ted R. 1990. Polity II: Political Structures and Regime Change, 1800–1986. Study no. 9263, Ann Arbor: ICPSR [distributor]
Gurr, Ted R. 1993. Minorities at Risk. Washington: United States Institute of Peace
Gurr, Ted R., Jaggers, Keith, and Moore, Will. 1990. “The Transformation of the Western State: The Growth of Democracy, Autocracy, and State Power Since 1800.” Studies in Comparative International Development 25 (1): 73–108
Gyarmati, Istvan. 1999. “Hungary's Security and the Enlargement.” In The Challenge of North Atlantic Treaty Organization Enlargement, ed. A. Bebler, 110–15. Westport, CT: Praeger
Haas, Ernst B. 1964. Beyond the Nation-State: Functionalism and International Organization. Stanford: Stanford University Press
Haggard, Stephen and Robert Kaufman. 1992. “Economic Adjustment and the Prospects for Democracy.” In The Politics of Economic Adjustment, ed. S. Haggard and R. Kaufman, 319–50. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Haggard, Stephen and Robert Kaufman. 1995a. “The Challenges of Consolidation.” In Economic Reform and Democracy, ed. L. Diamond and M. Plattner, 1–12. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Haggard, Stephen and Robert Kaufman. 1995b. The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Hakim, Peter. 1992. “Democracy in Peru: Fanning a Faint Ember.” Los Angeles Times, December 6, M2
Hakim, Peter. 1993a. “The Organization of American States: Putting Principles into Practice.” Journal of Democracy 4 (3): 39–49
Hakim, Peter. 1993b. “Behind Guatemala's ‘Miracle’”. Christian Science Monitor, June 23. Lexis-Nexis
Hakim, Peter. 1996. “Good News from Paraguay: A Coup d'Etat Falls Flat.” Christian Science Monitor, May 30. Lexis-Nexis
Hakim, Peter. 2000. “Peru is No Democracy.” Christian Science Monitor, February 24, 11
Hakim, Peter. 2002. “Democracy and U.S. Credibility.” New York Times, April 21. [Lexis/Nexis]
Hakim, Peter. 2003. “Dispirited Politics.” Journal of Democracy 14 (2): 108–22
Hall, John A. 1993. “Consolidations of Democracy.” In Prospects for Democracy: North, South, East, West, ed. D. Held, 271–90. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
Halperin, Morton and Lomasney, Kristen. 1998. “Guaranteeing Democracy: A Review of the Record.” Journal of Democracy 9 (2): 134–47
Hayes, Monte. 1992. “Peru's President Has Earned His Nickname ‘The Emperor.’” Associated Press Wire, April 9. Lexis-Nexis
Held, David. 1993 “Democracy: From City-States to a Cosmopolitan Order?” In Prospects for Democracy: North, South, East, West, ed. D. Held, 13–52. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
Hellman, Joel. 1998. “Winners Take All: The Politics of Partial Reform in Post Communist Transitions.” World Politics 50 (2): 203–34
Henze, Paul B. 1991. “Why Turkey is Not a Friendly Tyrant.” In Friendly Tyrants, ed. D. Pipes and A. Garfinkle, 91–108. New York: St. Martin's Press
Heper, Metin. 1987. “The State, the Military, and Democracy in Turkey.” Jerusalem Journal of International Relations 9 (3): 52–64
Heper, Metin. 1992. “Consolidating Turkish Democracy.” Journal of Democracy 3 (2): 105–17
Herring, Eric. 1994. “International Security and Democratisation in Eastern Europe.” In Building Democracy? The International Dimension of Democratization in Eastern Europe, ed. G. Pridham, E. Herring, and G. Sanford, 87–118. New York: St. Martin's Press
Hill, Kevin and Hughes, John. 1999. “Is the Internet an Instrument of Global Democratization?” Democratization 6 (2): 99–127
Huntington, Samuel. 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press
Huntington, Samuel. 1981. American Politics: The Promise of Disharmony. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Huntington, Samuel. 1991. The Third Wave. Norman, OK: Oklahoma University Press
Hurrell, Andrew. 1994. “Regionalism in the Americas.” In Latin America in a New World, ed. A. F. Lowenthal and G. F. Treverton, 167–90. Boulder, CO: Westview Press
Hurrell, Andrew. 1996. “The International Dimensions of Democratization in Latin America: The Case of Brazil.” In The International Aspects of Democratization: Europe and the Americas, ed. L. Whitehead, 146–74. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Hyde-Price, Adrian G. V. 1994. “Democratization in Eastern Europe: The External Dimension.” In Democratization in Eastern Europe: Domestic and International Perspectives, ed. G. Pridham and T. Vanhanen, 220–54. London: Routledge
Hyde-Price, Adrian G. V. 1996. The International Politics of East Central Europe. Manchester: Manchester University Press
Ikenberry, G. John. 2001. After Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Rebuilding of Order after Major Wars. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Immerman, Richard H. 1982. The CIA in Guatemala: The Foreign Policy of Intervention. Austin: University of Texas Press
Inotai, Andras and Jurgen Notzold. 1995. “Hungary”. In Central and Eastern Europe on the Way into the European Union, ed. W. Weidenfeld, 89–110. Gutersloh: Bertelsmann Foundation Publishers
Inter Press Service. 1991. “France: Junta in Haiti Will Transfer Power to Civilians.” October 2. Lexis/Nexis
Ioakimidis, P. C. 1994. “The European Community and the Greek Political System: An Overview.” In Greece and European Community Membership Evaluated, ed. P. Kazakos and P. C. Ioakimidis, 139–53. New York: St. Martin's Press
Jacobson, Harold K., Reisinger, William, and Mathers, Todd. 1986. “National Entanglements in International Governmental Organizations.” American Political Science Review 80 (1): 141–59
Jaggers, Keith and Gurr, Ted Robert. 1995. “Tracking Democracy's Third Wave with the Polity III Data.” Journal of Peace Research 32 (November): 469–82
Jaggers, Keith and Ted Robert Gurr. 1996. Polity III: Regime Change and Political Authority, 1800–1994. Study no. 6695. Ann Arbor: ICPSR [distributor]
Jervis, Robert 1983. “Security Regimes.” In Stephen D. Krasner, ed., International Regimes, 173–94. Ithaca: Cornell University Press
Jonas, Susanne. 1994. “Text and Subtext of the Guatemalan Political Drama.” LASA Forum 24 (4): 3–9
Jonas, Susanne. 1999. The Mined Road to Peace in Guatemala. Miami: North-South Center
Jones, Daniel, Bremer, Stuart, and Singer, J. D.. 1996. “Militarized Interstate Disputes, 1816–1992: Rationale, Coding Rules, and Empirical Patterns.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 15 (2): 163–213
Kadera, Kelly, Crescenzi, Mark, and Shannon, Megan. 2003. “Democratic Survival, Peace, and War in the International System.” American Journal of Political Science 47 (2): 234–47
Kahler, Miles. 1992. “External Influence, Conditionality, and the Politics of Adjustment.” In The Politics of Economic Adjustment: International Constraints, Distributive Politics, and the State, ed. S. Haggard and R. Kaufman, 89–136. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Kahler, Miles. 1997. “Liberalization as a Foreign Policy Determinant and Goal.” In Liberalization and Foreign Policy, ed. M. Kahler, 287–313. New York: Columbia University Press
Kamrava, Mehrah and Mora, Frank. 1998. “Civil Society and Democratization in Comparative Perspective: Latin America and the Middle East.” Third World Quarterly 19 (5): 593–615
Karaosmanoglu, Ali L. 1991. “The International Context of Democratic Transition in Turkey.” In Encouraging Democracy: The International Context of Regime Transition in Southern Europe, ed. G, Pridham, 159–74. New York: St. Martin's Press
Karaosmanoglu, Ali L. 1993. “Officers: Westernization and Democracy.” In Turkey and the West: Changing Political and Cultural Identities, ed. M. Heper, A. Oncu, and H. Kramer, 19–38. London: I. B. Tauris and Co
Karaosmanoglu, Ali L. 1994. “The Limits of International Influence for Democratization.” In Politics in the Third Turkish Republic, ed. M. Heper and A. Evin, 117–33. Boulder, CO: Westview Press
Karp, Larry and Paul, Thierry. 1998. “Labor Adjustment and Gradual Reform: When is Commitment Important?” Journal of International Economics 46 (2): 333–62
Katseli, L. T. 1990. “Economic Integration in the enlarged Community: Structural Adjustment of the Greek Economy.” In Unity with Diversity in the European Community, ed. C. Bliss and J. B. Macedo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Katzenstein, Peter and Hemmer, Christopher. 2002. “Why is There No North Atlantic Treaty Organization in Asia? Collective Identity, Regionalism, and the Origins of Multilateralism.” International Organization 56 (3): 575–608
Kaufman, Robert. 1986. “Liberalization and Democratization in South America: Perspectives from the 1970s.” In Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives, ed. G. O'Donnell, P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, 85–107. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Kay, Bruce H. 1996. “‘Fujipopulism’ and the Liberal State in Peru, 1990–1995.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 38 (4): 55–98
Keefer, Philip and Knack, Stephen. 1995. “Institutions and Economic Performance: Cross-Country Tests Using Alternative Institutional Measures.” Economics and Politics 7 (3), 207–27
Keefer, Philip and Knack, Stephen. 1997. “Why Don't Poor Countries Catch Up? A Cross-National Test of Institutional Explanation.” Economic-Inquiry 35 (3), 590–602
Keiswetter, Allen L. 1997. “The Partnership for Peace and Civil-Military Relations in a Democracy.” In Civil-Military Relations in Post-Communist States, ed. A. A. Bebler, 3–7. Westport, CT: Praeger
Keohane, Robert O. 1984. After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Keohane, Robert O. 1993. “Institutional Theory and the Realist Challenge After the Cold War.” In Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate, ed. D. Baldwin, 269–300. New York: Columbia University Press
Keohane, Robert O. and Martin, Lisa L.. 1995. “The Promise of Institutionalist Theory.” International Security 20 (1): 39–51
Keohane, Robert O. and Joseph Nye. 2001. Power and Interdependence, 3rd edn. New York: Longman Press
King, Gary, and Robert O. Keohane, and Sydney Verba. 1994. Designing Social Inquiry. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Kis, Janos. 1989. Politics in Hungary: For a Democratic Alternative. Highland Lakes, NJ: Atlantic Research and Publications
Klebes, Heinrich. 1999. The Quest for Democratic Security: The Role of the Council of Europe and U.S.Foreign Policy. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace
Knight, Jack. 1992. Institutions and Social Conflict. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Kolozsi, Bela. 1995. “Hungary's Return to Traditional European Foreign Policy Patterns.” In Monitoring Association and Beyond: The European Union and the Visegrad States, ed. B. Lippert and H. Schneider, 97–109. Bonn: Europa Union Verlag
Koop, Michael. 1997. “Joining the Club: Options for Integrating Central and Eastern European Countries into the European Union.” In Europe's Economy Looks East, ed. S. W. Black, 315–41. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Korosenyi, Andras. 1992. “The Decay of Communist Rule in Hungary.” In Post-Communist Transition: Emerging Pluralism in Hungary, ed. A. Bozoki, A. Korosenyi, and G. Schopflin, 1–12. New York: St. Martin's Press
Kovrig, Bennett. 1999. “European Integration.” In Dilemmas of Transition: The Hungarian Experience, ed. A. Braun and Z. Barany, 253–72. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc
Kozhemiakin, Alexander V. 1998. Expanding the Zone of Peace? Democratization and International Security. New York: St. Martin's Press
Kritz, Neil J. 1993. “The CSCE in the New Era.” Journal of Democracy 4 (3): 17–28
Kun, Joseph C. 1993. Hungarian Foreign Policy: The Experience of a New Democracy. Westport, CT: Praeger
Kuniholm, Bruce R. 1985. “Turkey and North Atlantic Treaty Organization.” In North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Mediterranean, ed. L. Kaplan, R. Clawson, and R. Luraghi, 215–37. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, Inc
Kurth, James. 1979. “The Political Consequences of the Product Cycle: Industrial History and Political Outcomes.” International Organization 33 (1): 1–34
LaFranchi, Howard. 1999. “Democracy: ‘A Little Help from its Friends.’Christian Science Monitor 91 (99): 6
Lake, Anthony. 1993. “From Containment to Enlargement”. Department of State Dispatch 4 (39): 3
Lambert, Peter. 1997. “Assessing the Transition.” In The Transition to Democracy in Paraguay, ed. P. Lambert and A. Nickson, 200–13. London: Macmillan
Lane, Frederic C. 1979. Profits from Power: Readings in Protection Rent and Violence Controlling Enterprises. Albany: SUNY Press
Leeds, Brett Ashley. 1999. “Domestic Political Institutions, Credible Commitments, and International Cooperation.” American Journal of Political Science 43 (4): 979–1002
Linz, Juan J. 1978. The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Crisis, Breakdown, and Reequilibration. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Linz, Juan J. 1990. “The Perils of Presidentialism.” Journal of Democracy 1: 51–69
Linz, Juan J., and Alfred Stepan. 1996. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Linz, Juan J., Alfred Stepan, and Richard Gunther. 1995. “Democratic Transition and Consolidation in Southern Europe, with Reflections on Latin America and Eastern Europe.” In The Politics of Democratic Consolidation, ed. R. Gunther, N. Diamandouros, and J. Puhle, 77–123. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Lipset, Seymour M. 1959. “Some Social Requisites for Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy.” American Political Science Review 53 (1): 69–105
Lomax, Bill. 1991. “Hungary – From Kadarism to Democracy: The Successful Failure of Reform Communism.” In The Impact of Gorbachev, ed. D. W. Spring, 154–74. London: Pinter Publishers
Londregan, John B., and Poole, Keith T.. 1990. “Poverty, the Coup Trap, and the Seizure of Executive Power.” World Politics 42 (January): 151–83
Londregan, John B., and Poole, Keith T.. 1996. “Does High Income Promote Democracy?” World Politics 49 (1): 1–30
Mackenzie, Kenneth. 1984. Turkey in Transition: The West's Neglected Ally. London: Institution for European Defense and Strategic Studies
Macridis, Roy. 1979. “Greek Foreign Policy: Reality, Illusions, Options.” In Greece and the European Community, ed. L. Tsoukalis, 135–48. Farnborough, UK: Saxon House
Madison, Christopher. 1992. “U.S.–Latin Tango.” The National Journal 24 (24): 1408–9
Mainwaring, Scott. 1992. “Transitions to Democracy and Democratic Consolidation: Theoretical and Comparative Issues.” In Issues in Democratic Consolidation, ed. S. Mainwaring, G. O'Donnell, and A. Valenzuela, 294–342. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press
Mainwaring, Scott, Guillermo O'Donnell, and Arturo Valenzuela. 1992. “Introduction.” In Issues in Democratic Consolidation, ed. S. Mainwaring, G. O'Donnell, and A. Valenzuela, 1–16. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press
Mair, Stefan. 2000.“Germany's Stiftungen and Democracy Assistance: Comparative Advantages, New Challenges.” In Democracy Assistance: International Cooperation for Democratization, ed. P. Burnell, 128–49. London: Frank Cass
Malloy, James M. 1987. “The Politics of Transition in Latin America.” In Authoritarians and Democrats: Regime Transition in Latin America, ed. J. Malloy and M. Seligson, 235–58. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press
Mango, Andrew J. A. 1997. “Testing Time in Turkey.” The Washington Quarterly 20 (1): 3–20
Mansfield, Edward D. 1998. “The Proliferation of Preferential Trading Arrangements.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 42 (5): 523–43
Mansfield, Edward D. and Pevehouse, Jon C.. 2000. “Trade Blocs, Trade Flows, and International Conflict.” International Organization 54 (4): 775–808
Mansfield, Edward D. and Snyder, Jack. 1995. “Democratization and the Danger of War.” International Security 20 (1): 5–38
Mansfield, Edward D. and Snyder, Jack. 2002. “Democratic Transitions, Institutional Strength, and War.” International Organization 56 (2): 297–337
Mansfield, Edward D., Milner, Helen V., and Rosendorff, B. Peter. 2000. “Free to Trade: Democracies, Autocracies, and International Trade.” American Political Science Review 94 (2): 305–321
Mansfield, Edward D., Milner, Helen V., and Rosendorff, B. Peter. 2002. “Why Democracies Cooperate More: Electoral Control and International Trade Agreements.” International Organization 56 (3): 477–513
Manuel, Paul C. 1996. The Challenges of Democratic Consolidation in Portugal. Westport, CT: Praeger
Marks, Gary. 1992. “Rational Sources of Chaos in Democratic Transition.” In Reexamining Democracy: Essays in Honor of Seymour Martin Lipset, ed. G. Marks and L. Diamond, 47–69. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications
Marquez, Humberto. 2002. “Venezuela: Organization of American States Chief Convinces Government and Opposition to Talk.” Inter Press Service, November 1. [Lexis/Nexis]
Marshall, Monty. 1999. Polity 98 Dataset. http://www.bsos.umd.edu/cidcm/polity
Martin, Lisa L. 1992. Coercive Cooperation: Explaining Multilateral Economic Sanctions. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Marshall, Monty. 2000. Democratic Commitments. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Lisa, Martin L. and Simmons, Beth A.. 1998. “Theories and Empirical Studies of International Institutions.” International Organization 52 (4): 729–57
Masi, Fernando. 1997. “Foreign Policy.” In The Transition to Democracy in Paraguay, ed. P. Lambert and A. Nickson, 174–82. London: Macmillan
Mauceri, Philip. 1997. “Return of the Caudillo: Autocratic Democracy in Peru.” Third World Quarterly 18 (5): 899–911
Mauceri, Philip. 1998. “State Reform, Coalitions, and the Neoliberal Autogolpe in Peru.” Latin American Research Review 30 (1): 7–37
Mayhew, Alan. 1998. Recreating Europe: The European Union's Policy Towards Central and Eastern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
McCleary, Rachel. 1997. “Guatemala's Postwar Prospects.” Journal of Democracy 8 (2): 129–43
McCleary, Rachel. 1999. Dictating Democracy: Guatemala and the End of Violent Revolution. Gainesville: University Press of Florida
McClintock, Cynthia. 1989. “The Prospects for Democratic Consolidation in a ‘Least Likely’ Case.” Comparative Politics 21 (2): 127–48
McClintock, Cynthia. 1993. “Peru's Fujimori: A Caudillo Derails Democracy.” Current History 92 (572): 112–19
McClintock, Cynthia. 2001. “Room for Improvement”. Journal of Democracy 12 (4): 137–40
McCormick, James. 1980. “Intergovernmental Organizations and Cooperation Among Nations”. International Studies Quarterly 24 (1): 75–98
Mearsheimer, John J. 1995. “The False Promise of International Institutions.” International Security 19 (3): 5–49
Messerlin, Patrick A. 1992. “The Association Agreements Between the European Community and Central Europe: Trade Liberalization vs. Constitutional Failure?” In Trade, Payments, and Adjustment in Central and Eastern Europe, ed. J. Flemming and J. M. C. Rollo, 111–43. London: Royal Institute for International Affairs
Millett, Richard L. 1994. “Beyond Sovereignty: International Efforts to Support Latin American Democracy.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 36 (3): 1–23
Milner, Helen V. 1997. Interests, Institutions, and Information: Domestic Politics and International Relations. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Milner, Helen V. 1998. “Regional Economic Co-operation, Global Markets, and Domestic Politics.” In Regionalism and Global Economic Integration, ed. W. Coleman and G. R. D. Underhill, 19–41. London: Routledge
Mitchell, Brian R. 1995. International Historical Statistics: Africa, Asia and Oceania 1750–1988. New York: Stockton
Mitchell, Brian R. 1998. International Historical Statistics: The Americas 1750–1993. London: Macmillan Reference
Mitchell, Sarah M. 2002. “A Kantian System? Democracy and Third-party Conflict Resolution.” American Journal of Political Science 46 (4): 749– 59
Mitrany, David. 1966. A Working Peace System. Chicago: Quadrangle Press
Monshipouri, Mahmood. 1995. Democratization, Liberalization, and Human Rights in the Third World. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Press
Moore, Barrington. 1966. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Boston: Beacon Press
Mora, Frank O. 1998. “From Dictatorship to Democracy: the U.S. and Regime Change in Paraguay, 1954–1994.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 17 (1): 59–79
Morgenthau, Hans J. 1967. Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. 4th edn. New York: Alfred A. Knopf
Morrow, James D., Siverson, Randolph M., and Tabares, Tressa E.. 1998. “The Political Determinants of International Trade: The Major Powers, 1907–1990.” American Political Science Review 92 (3): 649–61
Muftuler-Bac, Meltem. 1998. “The Never-Ending Story: Turkey and the European Union.” Middle Eastern Studies 34 (4): 240–58
Muñoz, Heraldo. 1993. “The Organization of American States and Democratic Governance.” Journal of Democracy 4 (3): 29–38
Muñoz, Heraldo. 1998. “The Right to Democracy in the Americas.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 40 (1): 1–18
Neethling, Theo. 1999. “Military Intervention in Lesotho: Perspectives on Operation Boleas and Beyond.” Online Journal of Peace and Conflict Resolution 2 (2). http://www.trininstitute.org/ojpcr
Nelson, Daniel N. 1999. “Regional Security and Ethnic Minorities.” In Dilemmas of Transition: The Hungarian Experience, ed. A. Braun and Z. Barany, 301–22. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc
Nierop, Tom. 1994. Systems and Regions in Global Politics. New York: John Wiley & Sons
North, Douglass C. and Weingast, Barry W.. 1989. “The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in 17th Century England.” Journal of Economic History 49 (4): 803–32
Nye, Joseph S., Jr. 1987. Peace in Parts: Integration and Conflict in Regional Organization. Reprint. Latham, MD: University Press of America
Nye, Joseph S., Jr. 1996. “Epilogue: The Liberal Tradition.” In Civil-Military Relations and Democracy, ed. L. Diamond and M. Plattner, 151–56. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
O'Donnell, Guillermo A. 1973. Modernization and Bureaucratic-authoritarianism: Studies in South American Politics. Berkeley: University of California Institute for International Studies
O'Donnell, Guillermo A. 1979. Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism: Studies in South America Politics. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies
O'Donnell, Guillermo A. 1996. “Illusions about Consolidation.” Journal of Democracy 7 (2): 34–51
O'Donnell, Guillermo and Philippe C. Schmitter. 1986. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions About Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. 1990. Main Economic Indicators. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
O'Loughlin, J., Ward, M. D., Lofdahl, C. L., Cohen, J. S., Brown, D. S., Reilly, D., Gleditsch, K. S., and Shin, M.. 1998. “The Diffusion of Democracy, 1946–1994.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 88 (4): 545–74
Oneal, John R. and Russett, Bruce. 1996. “The Classical Liberals Were Right: Democracy, Interdependence and Conflict, 1950–1985.” International Studies Quarterly 41 (2): 267–93
Onis, Ziya. 2001. “Political Islam at the Crossroads: From Hegemony to Co-existence.” Contemporary Politics 7 (December): 281–98
Onis, Ziya and Keyman, E. Fuat. 2003. “A New Path Emerges.” Journal of Democracy 14 (2): 95–107
Owen, John M. 2002. “The Foreign Imposition of Domestic Institutions.” International Organization 56 (2): 375–409
Ozbudun, Ergun. 1995. “Turkey: Crises, Interruptions, and Reequilibrations.” In Politics in Developing Countries, ed. L. Diamond, J. Linz, and S. M. Lipset, 219–61. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner
Ozel, Soli. 2003. “After the Tsunami.” Journal of Democracy 14 (2): 80–94
Palmer, David Scott. 1996. “‘Fujipopulism’ and Peru's Progress.” Current History 95 (February): 70–5
Palmer, David Scott. 2000. “Democracy and Its Discontents in Fujimori's Peru.” Current History 99 (February): 60–5
Palmer, John. 1995. “Eastern Four in First Steps to Join European Union.” The Guardian 2 February, 9
Papacosma, S. Victor. 1985. “Greece and North Atlantic Treaty Organization.” In North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Mediterranean, ed. L. Kaplan, R. Clawson, and R. Luraghi, 189–214. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, Inc
Pastor, Robert, ed. 1989. Democracy in the Americas. New York: Holmes and Meier
Pastor, Robert 1999. “The Third Dimension of Accountability: The International Community in National Elections.” In The Self-Restraining State: Power and Accountability in New Democracies, A. Schedler, L. Diamond and M. F. Plattner, eds., 123–41. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner
Payne, Leigh. 1994. Brazilian Industrialists and Democratic Change. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Pena, Felix. 1995. “New Approaches to Economic Integration in the Southern Cone.” The Washington Quarterly 18 (3): 113–22
Perry, William and May, Michael. 1996. “Wasmosy's Fragile Democracy is Upset.” Jane's Intelligence Review 3 (7): 14–15
Pevehouse, Jon C., Timothy Nordstrom, and Kevin Warnke. 2004. “Intergovernmental Organizations, 1815–2000: A New Correlates of War Data Set.” Conflict Management and Peace Studies, forthcoming
Pinder, John. 1991. The European Community and Eastern Europe. London: Pinter Publishers
Pinder, John. 1994. “The European Community and Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe.” In Building Democracy? The International Dimension of Democratization in Eastern Europe, ed. G. Pridham, E. Herring, and G. Sanford, 32–59. New York: St. Martin's Press
Pion-Berlin, David. 1991. “Between Confrontation and Accommodation: Military and Government Policy in Democratic Argentina.” Journal of Latin American Studies 23 (October): 543–71
Polachek, Solomon W. 1997. “Why Democracies Cooperate More and Fight Less: The Relationship between International Trade and Cooperation.” Review of International Economics 5 (3): 295–309
Powell, Charles. 1996. “International Aspects of Democratization: The Case of Spain.” In The International Dimensions of Democratization ed. L. Whitehead, 285–314. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Power, Timothy J., and Gasiorowski, Mark J.. 1997. “Institutional Design and Democratic Consolidation in the Third World.” Comparative Political Studies 30 (April): 123–55
Powers, Nancy R. 1992. The Transition to Democracy in Paraguay: Problems and Prospects. Kellogg Working Paper no. 171. Notre Dame, IN: Kellogg Center
Pridham, Geoffrey. 1991a. “International Influences and Democratic Transition: Problems of Theory and Practice in Linkage Politics.” In Encouraging Democracy: The International Context of Regime Transition in Southern Europe, ed. G. Pridham, 1–30. New York: St. Martin's Press
Pridham, Geoffrey. 1991b. Encouraging Democracy: The International Context of Regime Transition in Southern Europe. New York: St. Martin's Press
Pridham, Geoffrey. 1991c. “The Politics of the European Community, Transnational Networks and Democratic Transition in Southern Europe.” In Encouraging Democracy: The International Context of Regime Transition in Southern Europe, ed. G. Pridham, 212–45. New York: St. Martin's Press
Pridham, Geoffrey. 1994. “The International Dimension of Democratization: Theory, Practice, and Inter-regional Comparisons.” In Building Democracy? The International Dimension of Democratization in Eastern Europe, ed. G. Pridham, E. Herring, and G. Sanford, 7–31. New York: St. Martin's Press
Pridham, Geoffrey. 1995. “The International Context of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective.” In The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective, ed. R. Gunther, P. Diamandouros, and H. J. Puhle, 166–203. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Pridham, Geoffrey. 1999. “The European Union, Democratic Conditionality and Transnational Party Linkages: The Case of Eastern Europe.” In Democracy Without Borders, ed. Jean Grugel, 59–73. London: Routledge
Pridham, Geoffrey, E. Herring, and G. Sanford, eds. 1994. Building Democracy? The International Dimension of Democratization in Eastern Europe. New York: St. Martin's Press
Przeworski, Adam. 1986. “Some Problems in the Study of the Transition to Democracy.” In Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives, ed. G. O'Donnell, P. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, 47–63. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Pridham, Geoffrey. 1991. Democracy and the Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Przeworski, Adam, and Limongi, Fernando. 1997. “Modernization: Theories and Facts.” World Politics 49 (January): 155–83
Przeworski, Adam, Alvarez, Michael, José Antonio Cheibub, , and Limongi, Fernando. 1996. “What Makes Democracies Endure?” Journal of Democracy 7 (1): 39–55
Putnam, Robert. 1988. “Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games.” International Organization 42 (3): 427–60
Reinhardt, Eric. 2003. “Tying Hands without a Rope: Rational Domestic Response to International Institutional Constraints.” In Locating the Proper Authorities, ed. D. Drezner, 77–104. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
Reiter, Dan. 2001a. “Does Peace Nurture Democracy?” Journal of Politics 63 (3): 935–949
Reiter, Dan. 2001b. “Why North Atlantic Treaty Organization Enlargement Does Not Spread Democracy.” International Security 25 (4): 41–68
Richards, Diana, Morgan, T. Clifton, Wilson, Rick, Schwebach, Valarie, and Young, Garry. 1993. “Good Times, Bad Times, and the Diversionary Use of Force.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 37 (3): 504–36
Roberts, Kenneth and Mark Peceny. 1997. “Human Rights and United States Policy Toward Peru.” In The Peruvian Labyrinth: Polity, Society, and Economy, ed. M. Cameron and P. Mauceri, 192–222. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press
Rodrik, Dani. 1989. “Credibility of Trade Reform – A Policy Maker's Guide.” The World Economy (March): 1–16
Root, Hilton. 1994. The Fountain of Privilege: Political Foundations of Markets in Old Regime France and England. Berkeley: University of California Press
Rosenau, James, ed. 1969. Linkage Politics: Essays on the Convergence of National and International Systems. New York: Free Press
Rother, Larry. 2002. “Uprising in Venezuela: Latin America.” New York Times, April 15, A8
Ruhl, Mark J. 1996. “Unlikely Candidates for Democracy: The Role of Structural Context in Democratic Consolidation.” Studies in Comparative International Development 31 (1): 3–23
Russett, Bruce. 1967. International Regions and the International System. Chicago: Rand McNally
Russett, Bruce. 1993. Grasping the Democratic Peace. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Russett, Bruce. 1998. “A Neo-Kantian Perspective: Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations in Building Security Communities.” In Security Communities, ed. E. Adler and M. Barnett, 368–94. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Russett, Bruce and John R. Oneal. 2001. Triangulating Peace. New York: W.W. Norton
Russett, Bruce, Oneal, John, and Davis, David R.. 1998. “The Third Leg of the Kantian Tripod: International Organizations and Militarized Disputes, 1950–1985.” International Organization 52 (Summer): 441–67
Rustow, Dankwart A. 1993. “A Democratic Turkey Faces New Challenges.” Global Affairs 8 (2): 58–70
Santiso, Carlos. 2000. “Towards Democratic Governance: The Contribution of Multilateral Development Banks in Latin America.” In Democracy Assistance: International Cooperation for Democratization, ed. P. Burnell, 150–87. London: Frank Cass
Sartori, Giovanni. 1976. Parties and Party Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Saxonhouse, Gary R. 1993. “Trading Blocs and East Asia.” In New Dimensions in Regional Integration, ed. J. de Melo and A. Panagariya, 388–414. New York: Cambridge University Press
Schamis, Hector. 2002. “Argentina: Crisis and Democratic Consolidtion.” Journal of Democracy 13 (2): 81–94
Schedler, Andreas. 1998. “What is Democratic Consolidation?” Journal of Democracy 9 (2): 91–107
Schiff, Maurice, and Winters, L. Alan. 1998. “Regional Integration as Diplomacy.” The World Bank Economic Review 12 (2): 271–95
Schlesinger, Stephen and Stephen Kinzer. 1982. Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the American Coup in Guatemala. Garden City, NY: Doubleday
Schmitter, Phillipe. 1986. “An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey.” In Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Southern Europe, ed. G. O'Donnell, P. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, 3–10. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Schmitter, Phillipe. 1996. “The Influence of the International Context upon the Choice of National Institutions and Policies in Neo-Democracies.” In The International Aspects of Democratization: Europe and the Americas, ed. L. Whitehead, 26–54. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Schmitter, Phillipe C., and Karl, Terry L.. 1991. “What Democracy Is … and Is Not.” Journal of Democracy 2 (3): 75–88
Schultz, Kenneth A. 1998. “Domestic Opposition and Signaling in International Crises.” American Political Science Review 92 (4): 829–844
Schultz, Kenneth A. 1999. “Do Democratic Institutions Constrain or Inform? Contrasting Two Institutional Perspectives on Democracy and War.” International Organization 53 (2): 233–66
Schweller, Randall L. and Priess, David. 1997. “A Tale of Two Realisms: Expanding the Institutions Debate.” Mershon International Studies Review 41 (1): 1–32
Shain, Yossi and Juan Linz. 1995. Between States: Interim Governments and Democratic Transition. New York: Cambridge University Press
Shanks, Cheryl, Jacobson, Harold K., and Kaplan, Jeffrey H.. 1996. “Inertia and Change in the Constellation of International Governmental Organizations.” International Organization 50 (Autumn): 593–627
Sheahan, John. 1986. “Economic Policies and the Prospects for Successful Transition from Authoritarian Rule in Latin America.” In Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives, ed. G. O'Donnell, P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, 154–64. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Shin, Doh Chull. 1994. “On the Third Wave of Democratization”. World Politics 47 (1): 135–71
Shugart, Matthew S. and John M. Carey. 1992. Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Sidjanski, Dusan. 1991. “Transition to Democracy and European Integration: The Role of Interest Groups in Southern Europe.” In Encouraging Democracy: The International Context of Regime Transition in Southern Europe, ed. G. Pridham, 195–211. New York: St. Martin's Press
Sikkink, Kathryn. 1996. “The Effectiveness of US Human Rights Policy, 1973–1980.” In The International Aspects of Democratization: Europe and the Americas, ed. L. Whitehead, 93–124. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Simmons, Beth A. 1998. “Compliance with International Agreements.” Annual Review of Political Science 1: 75–93
Simmons, Beth A. 2000. “International Law and State Behavior: Commitment and Compliance in International Monetary Affairs.” American Political Science Review 94 (4): 819–36
Simon, Michael W. and Gartzke, Erik. 1996. “Political System Similarity and the Choice of Allies: Do Democracies Flock Together, or Do Opposites Attract?” Journal of Conflict Resolution 40 (4): 617–35
Siotis, Jean. 1983. “Characteristics and Motives for Entry.” In The Enlargement of the European Community: Case Studies of Greece, Portugal, and Spain, ed. J. L. Sampedro and J. A. Payno, 57–69. London: Macmillan Press
Siverson, Randolph M. and Emmons, Juliann. 1991. “Birds of a Feather: Democratic Political Systems and Alliance Choices in the Twentieth Century.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 35 (2), 285–306
Small, Melvin and J. David Singer. 1994. Correlates of War Project: International and Civil War Data, 1816–1992. Study no. 9905. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research
Smith, Alastair. 1998. “International Crises and Domestic Politics.” American Political Science Review 92 (3): 623–39
Smith, Tony. 1994. “In Defense of Intervention.” Foreign Affairs 73 (6): 34–46
Snyder, Jack. 1990. “Averting Anarchy in the New Europe.” International Security (14) 4: 5–41
Snyder, Jack. 2000. From Voting to Violence. New York: W.W. Norton
Snyder, Jack and Ballentine, Karen. 1996. “Nationalism and the Marketplace of Ideas.” International Security 21 (2): 5–40
Solingen, Etel. 1994. “The Political Economy of Nuclear Restraint.” International Security 19 (2): 126–69
Solingen, Etel. 1998. Regional Order at Century's Dawn. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Southall, Roger. 2003. “An Unlikely Success: South Africa and Lesotho's Election of 2002.” Journal of Modern African Studies 41 (2): 269–96
Spain, J. W. and Ludington, N.. 1983. “Dateline Turkey: The Case for Patience.” Foreign Policy 50: 150–68
Steinbach, Udo. 1994. “The European Community, the United States, the Middle East, and Turkey.” In Politics in the Third Turkish Republic, ed. M. Heper and A. Evin, 103–16. Boulder, CO: Westview Press
Steves, Franklin. 2001. “Regional Integration and Democratic Consolidation in the Southern Cone of Latin America.” Democratization 8 (3): 75–100
Story, Jonathan and Benny Pollack. 1991. “Spain's Transition: Domestic and External Linkages.” In Encouraging Democracy: The International Context of Regime Transition in Southern Europe, ed. G. Pridham, 125–58. New York: St. Martin's Press
Strang, David and Chang, Patricia M. Y.. 1993. “The International Labor Organization and the Welfare State: Institutional Effects on National Welfare Spending, 1960–1980.” International Organization 47 (2): 235–62
Summers, Robert, Alan Heston, Daniel A. Nuxoll and Bettina Aten. 1995. The Penn World Table (Mark 5.6a). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research
Sunar, Ilkay and Sabri Sayari. 1986. “Democracy in Turkey: Problems and Prospects.” In Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Southern Europe, ed. G. O'Donnell, P. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, 165–86. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Tachau, Frank. 1984. Turkey: The Politics of Authority, Democracy, and Development. New York: Praeger
Tharp, Paul A. 1971. Regional International Organizations: Structures and Functions. New York: St. Martin's Press
Thomas, Daniel. 2001. The Helsinki Effect: International Norms, Human Rights, and the Demise of Communism. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Thomas, George M., John W. Meyer, Francisco O. Ramirez, and John Boli. 1987. Institutional Structure: Constituting State, Society and the Individual. Newbury Park: Sage Publications
Thompson, William R. 1996. “Democracy and Peace: Putting the Cart Before the Horse?” International Organization 50 (1): 141–74
Tirman, John. 1998. “Improving Turkey's ‘Bad Neighborhood’.” World Policy Journal 15 (Spring): 60–7
Tovias, Alfred. 1984. “The International Context of Democratic Transition.” In The New Mediterranean Democracies: Regime Transition in Spain, Greece and Portugal, ed. G. Pridham, 158–71. London: Frank Cass
Treverton, Gregory. 1986. Spain: Domestic Politics and Security Policy. London: IISS
Trudeau, Robert H. 1993. Guatemalan Politics: The Popular Struggle for Democracy. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner
Tsie, Balefi. 1998. “Regional Security in Southern Africa: Whither the Southern African Development Community Organ on Politics, Defence and Security?” Global Dialogue 3 (3): http://www.igd.org.za/pub/g-dialogue/africa/sadc.html
Tsingos, Basilios. 1996. “Underwriting Democracy: The European Community and Greece.” In The International Aspects of Democratization: Europe and the Americas, ed. L. Whitehead, 315–55. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Tsoukalis, Loukas. 1981. The European Community and its Mediterranean Enlargement. London: George Allen & Unwin
Tuohy, William. 1991. “‘Good Shepherd’ Gathers East European States to the Fold.” Los Angeles Times, March, 19, 2
Union of International Associations. 1996. Yearbook of International Organizations CD-ROM1996. New York: K. G. Saur
Vaky, Viron P. 1993. “The Organization of American States and Multilateralism in the Americas.” In The Future of the Organization of American States, ed. V. Vaky and H. Munoz, 1–66. New York: Twentieth Century Fund Press
Valenzuela, Arturo. 1997. “Paraguay: The Coup that Didn't Happen.” Journal of Democracy 8 (1): 43–55
Valenzuela, Arturo. 1999. The Collective Defense of Democracy: Lessons from the Paraguayan Crisis of 1996. Washington: Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict
Valenzuela, Arturo 2002. “Bush's Betrayal of Democracy.” Washington Post, April 16, A19
Valenzuela, J. Samuel. 1992. “Democratic Consolidation in Post-Transitional Settings: Notion, Process, and Facilitating Conditions.” In Issues in Democratic Consolidation, ed. S. Mainwaring, G. O'Donnell, and A. Valenzuela, 57–104. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press
Valki, Laszlo. 1998. “Hungary and the Future of European Security.” In European Security and North Atlantic Treaty Organization Enlargement: A View From Central Europe, ed. S. J. Blank, 91–118. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute
van Babrant, Jozef M. 1994. The Transformation of Eastern Europe: Joining the European Integration Movement. Commack, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc
van Klaveren, Alberto. 1993. “Why Integration Now? Options for Latin America.” In The Challenges of Integration: Europe and the Americas, ed. Peter H. Smith, 115–45. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers
Verney, Susannah. 1994. “Central State-Local Government Relations.” In Greece and European Community Membership Evaluated, ed. P. Kazakos and P. C. Ioakimidis, 166–80. London: Pinter
Verney, Susannah and Theodore Couloumbis. 1991. “State-International System Interaction and the Greek Transition to Democracy in the mid-1970s.” In Encouraging Democracy: The International Context of Regime Transition in Southern Europe, ed. G. Pridham, 103–24. New York: St. Martin's Press
Verney, S. and Tsakaloyannis, T.. 1986. “Linkage Politics: the Role of the European Community in Greek Politics in 1973.” Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 10: 179–95
Vetschera, Heinz. 1997. “Security Policy and Democratic Control.” In Civil-Military Relations in Post-Communist States, ed. A. A. Bebler, 15–21. Westport, CT: Praeger
Villagran de León, Francisco. 1993. “Thwarting the Guatemalan Coup.” Journal of Democracy 4 (3): 117–24
Wallace, William. 1994. Regional Integration: The Western European Experience. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution
Waltz, Kenneth. 1959. Man, the State and War: A Theoretical Analysis. New York: Columbia University Press
Weart, Spencer R. 1998. Never at War: Why Democracies Will Never Fight One Another. New Haven: Yale University Press
Whalley, John. 1998. “Why Do Countries Seek Regional Trade Arrangements?” In The Regionalization of the World Economy, ed. J. A. Frankel, 63–83. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
White, David. 1986. “The Taboos Start to Lift.” The Financial Times, December 1, S1
White, Nigel D. 2000. “The United Nations and Democracy Assistance: Developing Practice within a Constitutional Framework.” In Democracy Assistance: International Cooperation for Democratization, ed. P. Burnell, 67–89. London: Frank Cass
Whitehead, Laurence. 1986. “International Aspects of Democratization.” In Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives, ed. G. O'Donnell, P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, 3–46. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Whitehead, Laurence 1989. “The Consolidation of Fragile Democracies: A Discussion with Illustrations.” In Democracy in the Americas, ed. R. Pastor, 79–95. New York: Holmes and Meier
Whitehead, Laurence 1991. “Democracy by Convergence and Southern Europe: A Comparative Politics Perspective.” In Encouraging Democracy: The International Context of Regime Transition in Southern Europe, ed. G. Pridham, 45–61. New York: St. Martin's Press
Whitehead, Laurence 1993. “Requisites for Admission.” In The Challenge of Integration: Europe and the Americas, ed. P. H. Smith, 149–82. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers
Whitehead, Laurence 1994. “East-Central Europe in Comparative Perspective.” In Building Democracy? The International Dimension of Democratization in Eastern Europe, ed. G. Pridham, E. Herring, and G. Sanford, 32–59. New York: St. Martin's Press
Whitehead, Laurence 1996a. The International Aspects of Democratization: Europe and the Americas. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Whitehead, Laurence 1996b. “Democratic Regions, Ostracism, and Pariahs.” In The International Aspects of Democratization: Europe and the Americas, ed. L. Whitehead, 395–412. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Whitehead, Laurence 1996c. “Three International Dimensions of Democratization.” In The International Aspects of Democratization: Europe and the Americas, ed. L. Whitehead, 3–25. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Whitehead, Laurence 1996d. “Concerning International Support for Democracy in the South.” In Democratization in the South: The Jagged Wave, ed. R. Luckham and G. White, 243–73. Manchester: Manchester University Press
Wiarda, Howard J. 1995. “The Future of Political Reform in the Southern Cone: Can Democracy be Sustained?” The Washington Quarterly 18 (3): 89–112
Wiarda, Howard 1997. Cracks in the Consensus: Debating the Democracy Agenda in US Foreign Policy. Westport, CT: Praeger
Wilkenfeld, Jonathan, ed. 1973. Conflict Behavior and Linkage Politics. New York: David MacKay
Wilkenfeld, Jonathan and Dinna Zinnes. 1973. “A Linkage Model of Domestic Conflict Behavior.” In Wilkenfeld, ed. Conflict Behavior and Linkage Politics, 325–56. New York: David MacKay
World Bank. 1998. The World Development Indicators. CD-ROM
Wright, Robert. 1998. “A New Security Blanket.” Financial Times, December 7, 3
Writer, Rashna. 1996. “Paraguay's April Near-Coup Shows the Fragility of Transitioning from Authoritarian Government.” Defense and Foreign Affairs’ Strategic Policy (April). Lexis-Nexis
Yamaguchi, Kazuo. 1991. Event History Analysis. Newbury Park: Sage Publications
Yannopoulos, George N. 1975. Greece and the European Economic Communities: The First Decade of a Troubled Association. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications
Yarbrough, Beth V., and Robert M. Yarbrough. 1992. Cooperation and Governance in International Trade: The Strategic Organizational Approach. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
Yesilada, Birol A. 1999. “The Worsening European Union–Turkey Relations.” SAIS Review 19 (Winter-Spring): 144–61
Yilmaz, Hakan. 2002. “External-Internal Linkages in Democratization: Developing an Open Model of Democratic Change.” Democratization 9 (2): 67–84
Yost, David. 1998. North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationTransformed: The Alliance's New Roles in International Security. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace
Youngers, Coletta. 1994. After the Autogolpe: Human Rights in Peru and the U.S.Response. Washington: Washington Office on Latin America
Zakaria, Fareed. 1997. “The Rise of Illiberal Democracy.” Foreign Affairs 76 (6): 22–43

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.