Abers, Rebecca Neaera 1998. ‘Learning Democratic Practice: Distributing Government Resources through Popular Participation in Porto Alegre, Brazil’, in Douglass, Mike and Friedmann, John (eds.) Cities for Citizens. Chichester and New York: Wiley, 39–65.
Abers, Rebecca Neaera 2000. Inventing Local Democracy: Grassroots Politics in Brazil. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner.
Abers, Rebecca Neaera 2003. ‘Reflections on What Makes Empowered Participatory Governance Happen’, in Fung, Archon and Wright, Erik Olin (eds.) Deepening Democracy: Institutional Innovations in Empowered Participatory Governance. London: Verso, 200–7.
Abramson, Jeffrey 1994. We, The Jury. New York: Basic Books.
Ackerman, Bruce and Fishkin, James S. 2004. Deliberation Day. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Agriculture, and Environment Biotechnology Commission 2002. ‘A Debate about the Issue of Possible Commercialisation of GM Crops in the UK (Letter to the Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs)’, 26 April.
Allegretti, Giovanni and Herzberg, Carsten 2004. Participatory Budgets in Europe: Between Efficiency and Growing Local Democracy. Amsterdam: Transnational Institute and the Centre for Democratic Policy-Making.
Allen, Danielle S. 2004. Talking to Strangers: Anxieties of Citizenship since Brown v. Board of Education. University of Chicago Press.
Arblaster, Anthony 1994. Democracy. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Archibugi, Daniele 2005. ‘The Language of Democracy: Vernacular or Esparanto? A Comparison between the Multiculturalist and Cosmopolitan Perspectives’, Political Studies 53: 537–555.
Arendt, Hannah 1968. Between Past and Future. New York: Viking Press.
Arendt, Hannah 1982. Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy. University of Chicago Press.
Commission, Audit 1999. Listen Up! Effective Community Consultation. London: Audit Commission.
Bachrach, Peter 1967. The Theory of Democratic Elitism. Boston: Little and Brown.
Baiocchi, Gianpaolo 2003a. ‘Participation, Activism and Politics: The Porto Alegre Experiment’, in Fung, Archon and Wright, Erik Olin (eds.) Deepening Democracy: Institutional Innovations in Empowered Participatory Governance. London: Verso, 45–76.
Baiocchi, Gianpaolo (ed.) 2003b. Radicals in Power: The Workers' Party (PT) and Experiments in Urban Democracy in Brazil. London: Zed Books.
Baiocchi, Gianpaolo 2005. Militants and Citizens: The Politics of Participatory Democracy in Porto Alegre. Stanford University Press.
Barber, Benjamin 1984. Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age. Berkeley: California University Press.
Barber, Benjamin 1998. ‘Three Scenarios for the Future of Technology and Strong Democracy’, Political Quarterly 113: 573–89.
Barnett, Anthony and Carty, Peter 1998. The Athenian Option: Radical Reform for the House of Lords. London: Demos.
Bartels, Larry M. 1996. ‘Uninformed Votes: Information Effects in Presidential Elections’, Amercian Journal of Political Science 194: 194–230.
Beetham, David 1992. ‘Liberal Democracy and the Limits of Democratisation’, Political Studies Special Issue (Prospects for Democracy) 40: 40–53.
Beetham, David 1999. Democracy and Human Rights. Cambridge: Polity.
Benhabib, Seyla (ed.) 1996. Democracy and Difference. Princeton University Press.
Bennett, Fran 2004. From Input to Influence: Participatory Approaches to Research and Inquiry into Poverty. Birmingham: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Blais, André, Carty, R. Kenneth and Fournier, Patrick 2008. ‘Do Citizen Assemblies Make Reasoned Choices?’, in Warren, Mark E. and Pearse, Hilary (eds.) Designing Deliberative Democracy: The British Columbia Citizens' Assembly. Cambridge University Press, 127–44.
Blaug, Ricardo 2002. ‘Engineering Democracy’, Political Studies 50: 102–16.
Blumler, Jay G. and Coleman, Stephen 2001. Realising Democracy Online: A Civic Commons in Cyberspace. London: IPPR.
Bohman, James 1998. ‘The Coming of Age of Deliberative Democracy’, Journal of Political Philosophy 6: 400–25.
Bookchin, Murray 1992. Urbanisation without Cities: The Rise and Decline of Citizenship. Montreal: Black Rose Books.
Bowler, Shaun and Donovan, Todd 1988. Demanding Choices: Opinion, Voting, and Direct Democracy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Bowler, Shaun and Donovan, Todd 2001. ‘Popular Control of Referendum Agendas: Implications for Democratic Outcomes and Minority Rights’, in Mendelsohn, Matthew and Parkin, Andrew (eds.) Referendum Democracy: Citizens, Elites, and Deliberation in Referendum Campaigns. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 125–46.
Bowler, Shaun and Donovan, Todd 2002. ‘Democracy, Institutions and Attitudes about Citizen Influence on Government’, British Journal of Political Science 32: 371–90.
Brighouse, Harry and Wright, Erik Olin 2006. ‘A Proposal to Transform the House of Lords into a Citizens’ Assembly, www.ssc.wisc.edu/~wright/Published%20writing/Democratizing-House-of-Lords.pdf.
Brown, Mark B. 2006. ‘Survey Article: Citizens Panels and the Concept of Representation’, Journal of Political Philosophy 14: 203–25.
Bryan, Frank 2004. Real Democracy: The New England Town Meeting and How It Works. University of Chicago Press.
Bryan, Frank 1999. ‘Direct Democracy and Civic Competence: The Case of Town Meeting’, in Elkin, Stephen L. and Soltan, Karol Edward (eds.) Citizen Competence and Democratic Institutions. Pennsylvania State University Press, 195–224.
Budge, Ian 1996. The New Challenge of Direct Democracy. Cambridge: Polity.
Budge, Ian 2001. ‘Political Parties in Direct Democracy’, in Mendelson, Matthew and Parkin, Andrew (eds.) Referendum Democracy: Citizens, Elites and Deliberation in Referendum Campaigns. Basingstoke, Palgrave, 67–87.
Burnheim, John 1985. Is Democracy Possible?Cambridge: Polity.
Butler, David and Ranney, Austin (eds.) 1994a. Referendums around the World: The Growing Use of Direct Democracy. Washington: AEI Press.
Butler, David and Ranney, Austin (eds.) 1994b. ‘Theory’, in Butler, David and Ranney, Austin (eds.) Referendums around the World: The Growing Use of Direct Democracy. Washington: AEI Press, 11–23.
Cabannes, Yves 2004. ‘Participatory Budgeting: A Significant Contribution to Participatory Democracy’, Environment and Urbanization 16: 27–46.
Office, Cabinet 2001. ‘Government Memorandum in Response to the Public Administration Select Committee's Sixth Report on Public Participation: Issues and Innovations’, in House of Commons Select Committee on Public Administration, Public Participation: Issues and Innovations: The Government's Response to the Committee's Sixth Report of Session 2000–01. London: HMSO.
Office, Cabinet 2004. Code of Practice on Consultation. London: Cabinet Office.
Cain, Bruce E., Dalton, Russell and Scarrow, Susan E. 2003. Democracy Transformed? Expanding Political Opportunities in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Oxford University Press.
Carens, Joseph 1985. ‘Compensatory Justice and Social Institutions’, Economics and Philosophy 1: 39–67.
Carson, Lynn and Hartz-Karp, Janette 2005. ‘Adapting and Combing Deliberative Designs’, in Gastil, John and Levine, Peter (eds.) The Deliberative Democracy Handbook: Strategies for Effective Civic Engagement in the 21st Century. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 120–38.
Carty, R. Kenneth, Blais, André and Fournier, Patrick 2008. ‘When Citizens Choose to Reform SMP: The British Columbia Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform', in Blais, André (ed.) To Keep or to Change First Past the Post? The Politics of Electoral Reform. Oxford University Press, 140–62.
Cederman, Lars-Erik and Kraus, Peter A. 2005. ‘Transnational Communication and the European Demos’, in Latham, Robert and Sassen, Saskia (eds.) Digital Formations: IT and New Architectures in the Global Realm. Princeton University Press, 283–311.
Chambers, Simone 2001. ‘Constitutional Referendums and Democratic Deliberation’, in Mendelsohn, Matthew and Parkin, Andrew (eds.) Referendum Democracy: Citizens, Elites, and Deliberation in Referendum Campaigns. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 231–55.
Chambers, Simone 2004. ‘Behind Closed Doors: Publicity, Secrecy, and the Quality of Deliberation’, The Journal of Political Philosophy 12: 289–410.
Chambers, Simone 2007. ‘Quantity Versus Quality: Dilemmas of Mass Democracy’, University of British Columbia, Centre for the Study of Democratic Institutions Working Paper: Citizen Engagement No. 3, http://democracy.ubc.ca/fileadmin/template/main/images/departments/CSDI/working_papers/ChambersCSDIWorkingPaper2007CE3.pdf
,Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform 2004. Making Every Vote Count: The Case for Electoral Reform in British Columbia (Technical Report). Vancover: Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform.
to Rebuild, Civic AllianceYork, Downtown New 2002. Listening to the City: Report of Proceedings. New York: Civic Alliance.
Cohen, Joshua 1989. ‘Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy’, in Hamlin, Alan and Pettit, Phillip (eds.) The Good Polity: Normative Analysis of the State. Oxford University Press, 17–34.
Cohen, Joshua 1996. ‘Procedure and Substance in Deliberative Democracy’, in Benhabib, Seyla (ed.) Democracy and Difference. Princeton University Press, 95–119.
Coleman, Stephen 2004. ‘Connecting Parliament to the Public via the Internet: Two Case Studies of Online Consultations’, Information, Communication and Society 7: 1–22.
Coleman, Stephen 2005. Direct Representation: Towards a Conversational Democracy. London: IPPR.
Commission on Poverty, Participation,and Power 2000. Listen Hear: The Right to Be Heard. Bristol: Policy Press.
Cooke, Bill and Kothari, Uma (eds.) 2001. Participation: The New Tyranny?London: Zed Books.
Coote, Anna and Lenaghan, Jo 1997. Citizens' Juries: Theory into Practice. London: IPPR.
Coote, Anna and Mattinson, Deborah 1997. Twelve Good Neighbours. London: Fabian Society.
Crawford, Mike, Rutter, Deborah and Thelwall, Sarah 2003. User Involvement in Change Management: A Review of the Literature. Report to NHS Service Delivery and Organisation Research and Development. London: NHS Institute for Health Research.
Cronin, Thomas 1999. Direct Democracy: The Politics of Initiative, Referendum, and Recall. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Crosby, Ned 1996. Trustworthy democratic facilitation (manuscript). Minneapolis: Jefferson Center.
Crosby, Ned 2007. ‘Peter C. Dienel: Eulogy for a Deliberative Democracy Pioneer’, Journal of Public Deliberation 3, http://services.bepress.com/jpd/vol3/iss1/art7.
Crosby, Ned and Nethercut, Doug 2005. ‘Citizens’ Juries: Creating a Trustworthy Voice of the People', in Gastil, John and Levine, Peter (eds.) The Deliberative Democracy Handbook: Strategies for Effective Civic Engagement in the 21st Century. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 111–19.
Cutler, Fred, Johnston, Richard, Carty, R. Kenneth, André Blais and Fournier, Patrick 2008. ‘Deliberation, Information and Trust: The BC Citizens’ Assembly as Agenda-Setter', in Warren, Mark E. and Pearse, Hilary (eds.) Designing Deliberative Democracy: The British Columbia Citizens' Assembly. Cambridge University Press, 166–91.
Dahl, Robert 1970. After the Revolution. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Dahl, Robert 1989. Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Dahl, Robert 1998. On Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Dalton, Russell J. 2004. Democratic Challenges, Democratic Choices: The Erosion of Political Support in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Oxford University Press.
Dalton, Russell J., Burklin, Wilhelm and Drummond, Andrew 2001. ‘Public Opinion and Direct Democracy’, Journal of Democracy 12: 141–53.
Davies, Celia, Wetherell, Margaret and Barnett, Elizabeth 2006. Citizens at the Centre: Deliberative Participation in Healthcare Decisions. Bristol: Polity Press.
Davies, Stella, Elizabeth, Susan, Hanley, Bec, New, Bill and Sang, Bob (eds.) 1998. Ordinary Wisdom: Reflections on an Experiment in Citizenship and Health Care. London: King's Fund.
Institute, Borda 2006. ‘Voting Systems’, www.deborda.org/votingsys.shtml.
Dienel, Peter 1996. ‘Das “Burgergutachten” und seine Nebenwirkungen’, trans. Corrine Wales as ‘The “Citizens’ Report” and Its Wider Effects', Forum für Interdisziplinare Forschung 17: 113–35.
Dienel, Peter and Renn, Ortwin 1995. ‘Planning Cells: A Gate to “Fractal” Mediation’, in Renn, Ortwin, Webler, Thomas and Wiedemann, Peter (eds.) Fairness and Competence in Citizen Participation: Evaluating Models for Environmental Discourse. Dordecht: Kluwer, 117–40.
Docter, Sharon and Dutton, William H. 1998. ‘The First Ammendment Online: Santa Monica's Public Electronic Network’, in Tsagarousianou, Roza, Damian,
Tambini, and Bryan, Cathy (eds.) Cyberdemocracy: Technologies, Cities and Civic Networks. London: Routledge, 125–51.
Dolowitz, David P. and Marsh, David 2000. ‘Learning from Abroad: The Role of Policy Transfer in Contemporary Policy-Making’, Governance 13: 5–24.
Dryzek, John 2000. Deliberative Democracy and Beyond. Oxford University Press.
Dunn, John 2005. Setting the People Free: The Story of Democracy. London: Grove Atlantic.
,East End Health Action, Greater Easterhouse Community Health Project, Nhs Greater Glasgow, and Oxfam 2003. Have You Been PA'd? Using Participatory Appraisal to Shape Local Services. Glasgow: Oxfam GB.
Eckersley, Robyn 1992. Environmentalism and Political Theory: Toward an Ecocentric Approach. London: University College London Press.
Eisenberg, Avigail 2001. ‘The Medium Is the Message: How Referendums Lead Us to Understand Equality’, in Mendelsohn, Matthew and Parkin, Andrew (eds.) Referendum Democracy: Citizens, Elites, and Deliberation in Referendum Campaigns. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 147–65.
Commission, Electoral 2003. Compulsory Voting (Factsheet 06–04). London: Electoral Commission.
Commission, Electoral 2004. Hansard Society HeadsUp Internet Forum. London: Electoral Commission.
Civic Forum, Electoral System 2006. Recommendations. Amsterdam: Electoral System Civic Forum.
Civic Forum, Electoral System Secretariat 2007. Process Report. Amsterdam: Electoral System Civic Forum Secretariat.
Elster, Jon 1998. ‘Deliberation and Constitution Making’, in Elster, Jon (ed.) Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge University Press, 97–122.
Europe, Eos Gallop 2002. Flash Eurobarometer 135: Internet and the Public at Large. Brussels: EOS Gallop Europe.
Ferguson, Ross 2006a. Digital Dialogues: Interim Report, December 2005–August 2006. London: Hansard Society / Department for Constitutional Affairs.
Ferguson, Ross (ed.) 2006b. TellParliament.net Interim Evaluation Report 2003–5. London: Hansard Society.
Fiorino, Daniel J. 1990. ‘Citizen Participation and Environmental Risk: A Survey of Institutional Mechanisms’, Science, Technology and Human Values 15: 226–43.
Fischer, Frank 2000. Citizens, Experts, and the Environment: The Politics of Local Knowledge. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Fishkin, James S. 1991. Democracy and Deliberation. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Fishkin, James S. 1997. The Voice of the People. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Fishkin, James S. 2004. ‘Online “Deliberative Poll” Gives Picture of Informed Public Opinion in Election’. Research Paper, Centre for Deliberative Democracy, Stanford University, http://cdd.stanford.edu/research/index.html.
Fishkin, James S. and Farrar, Cynthia 2005. ‘Deliberative Polling’, in Gastil, John and Levine, Peter (eds.) The Deliberative Democracy Handbook: Strategies for Effective Civic Engagement in the 21st Century. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 68–79.
Fishkin, James S. and Luskin, Robert C. 2000. ‘The Quest for Deliberative Democracy’, in Saward, Michael (ed.) Democratic Innovation: Deliberation, Representation and Association. London: Routledge, 17–28.
Fishkin, James S., He, Baogang, Luskin, Robert C. and Siu, Alice 2006. ‘Deliberative Democracy in an Unlikely Place: Deliberative Polling in China’, Research Paper, Centre for Deliberative Democracy, Stanford University, http://cdd.stanford.edu/research/index.html.
Forester, John 1999. The Deliberative Practitioner: Encouraging Participatory Planning Processes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Freeman, Richard 2006. ‘Learning in Public Policy’, in Moran, Michael, Rein, Martin and Goodin, Robert E. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Public Policy. Oxford University Press.
Frey, Bruno S. 1994. ‘Direct Democracy: Politico-Economic Lessons from Swiss Experience’, The American Economic Review 84: 338–42.
Frey, Bruno S. and Stutzer, Alois 2006. ‘Strengthening the Citizens’ Role in International Organizations', Review of International Organizations 1: 27–43.
Fung, Archon 2003a. ‘Deliberative Democracy, Chicago Style: Grass-Roots Governance in Policing and Public Education’, in Fung, Archon and Wright, Erik Olin (eds.) Deepening Democracy. London: Verso, 111–43.
Fung, Archon 2003b. ‘Survey Article: Recipes for Public Spheres: Eight Institutional Design Choices and Their Consequences’, Journal of Political Philosophy 11: 338–67.
Fung, Archon 2004. Empowered Participation: Reinventing Urban Democracy. Princeton University Press.
Fung, Archon 2005. ‘Varieties of Participation in Democratic Governance’, Paper prepared for the Midwest Political Science Association Meeting, Chicago, April 7–10.
Fung, Archon 2007. ‘Democratic Theory and Political Science: A Pragmatic Method of Constructing Engagement’, Amercian Journal of Political Science 101: 443–58.
Gerber, Elizabeth R. 1999. The Populist Paradox: Interest Group Influence and the Promise of Direct Legislation. Princeton University Press.
Gerber, Elizabeth R. and Hug, Simon 2001. ‘Legislative Responses to Direct Legislation’, in Mendelson, Matthew and Parkin, Andrew (eds.) Referendum Democracy: Citizens, Elites, and Deliberation in Referendum Campaigns. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 88–128.
Gibson, Rachel K. and Miskin, Sarah 2002. ‘Australia Decides? The Role of the Media in Deliberative Polling’, in Warhurst, John and Mackerras, Malcolm (eds.) Constitutional Politics. St. Lucia: Queensland Press, 163–76.
Gibson, Rachel K., Rommele, Andrea and Ward, Stephen J. (eds.) 2004. Electronic Democracy: Mobilisation, Organisation and Participation via New ICTs. London: Routledge.
Goldfrank, Benjamin 2003. ‘Making Participation Work in Porto Alegre’, in Baiocchi, Gianpaolo (ed.) Radicals in Power: The Workers' Party (PT) and Experiments in Urban Democracy in Brazil. London: Zed Books, 27–52.
Goldfrank, Benjamin and Aaron Schneider 2003. ‘Restraining the Revolution or Deepening Democracy? The Workers’ Party in Rio Grande do Sul', in Baiocchi, Gianpaolo (ed.) Radicals in Power: The Workers' Party (PT) and Experiments in Urban Democracy in Brazil. London: Zed Books, 155–75.
Goodin, Robert E. 2005. ‘Sequencing Deliberative Moments’, Acta Politica 40: 182–96.
Goodin, Robert E. 2007. ‘Enfranchising All Affected Interests, and Its Alternatives’, Philosophy and Public Affairs 35: 40–68.
Goodin, Robert E. and Dryzek, John S. 2006. ‘Deliberative Impact: The Macro-Political Uptake of Mini-Publics’, Politics and Society 34: 1–26.
Goodwin, Barbara 2005. Justice by Lottery. Exeter: Imprint Academic.
Gret, Marion and Sintomer, Yves 2005. The Porto Alegre Experiment: Learning Lessons for Better Democracy. London: Zed Books.
Guidry, John A. and Petit, Pere 2003. ‘Faith in What Will Change: The PT Administration in Belém’, in Baiocchi, Gianpaolo (ed.) Radicals in Power: The Workers' Party (PT) and Experiments in Urban Democracy in Brazil. London: Zed Books, 53–78.
Gutmann, Amy 1996a. ‘Democracy, Philosophy, and Justification’, in Benhabib, Seyla (ed.) Democracy and Difference. Princeton University Press, 340–7.
Gutmann, Amy 1996b. ‘Responding to Racial Injustice’, in K. A. Appiah and Gutmann, Amy (eds.) Color Conscious: The Political Morality of Race. Princeton University Press, 106–78.
Habermas, Jürgen 1996. Between Facts and Norms. Cambridge: Polity.
Hall, Declan and Stewart, John 1997. Citizens' Juries in Local Government: Report from the LGMB on Pilot Projects. Luton: LGMB.
Hansen, Mogens Herman. 1991. The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes: Structure, Principles, Ideology. Oxford: Blackwell.
,Harvard University Center for Urban Development Studies 2003. Assessment of Participatory Budgeting in Brazil. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.
Held, David 1995. Democracy and the Global Order. Cambridge: Polity.
Hendriks, Carolyn M. 2005. Consensus Conferences and Planning Cells. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Henn, Matt, Weinstein, Mark and Forrest, Sarah 2005. ‘Uninterested Youth? Young People's Attitudes towards Party Politics in Britain’, Political Studies 53: 556–78.
Hirschman, Albert O. 1970. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to the Decline in Firms, Organizations and States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Commons Select, House ofPublic Administration, Committee on 2001. Sixth Report on Public Participation: Issues and Innovations. London: HMSO.
Hughes, Colin 1994. ‘Australia and New Zealand’, in Butler, David and Ranney, Austin (eds.) Referendums around the World: The Growing Use of Direct Democracy. Washington, DC: AEI Press, 154–73.
Ippr, 2004. Lonely Citizens: Report of the Working Party on Active Citizenship. London: IPPR.
Iyengar, Shanto, Luskin, Robert C. and Fishkin, James S. 2005. ‘Deliberative Preferences in the Presidential Nomination Campaign: Evidence from an Online Deliberative Poll’, paper available from The Center for Deliberative Democracy, Stanford University, http://cdd.stanford.edu/research/index.html.
Jacobs, Lawrence R., Marmor, Theodore and Oberlander, Jonathan 1998. The Political Paradox of Rationing: The Case of the Oregon Health Plan. Cambridge, MA: John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.
James, Michael Rabinder 2008. ‘Descriptive Representation in Citizen Assemblies’, in Warren, Mark E. and Pearse, Hilary (eds.) Designing Deliberative Democracy: The British Columbia Citizens' Assembly. Cambridge University Press, 106–26.
Janssen, Davy and Kies, Raphaël 2004. ‘Online Forums and Deliberative Democracy: Hypotheses, Variables and Methodologies’, paper prepared for the Conference on ‘Empirical Approaches to Deliberative Politics’, European University Institute, Florence, 22–23 May.
Jenkins, Richard and Mendelsohn, Matthew 2001. ‘The News Media and Referendums’, in Mendelsohn, Matthew and Parkin, Andrew (eds.) Referendum Democracy: Citizens, Elites, and Deliberation in Referendum Campaigns. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 211–30.
Jensen, Jakob Linaa 2003. ‘Minnesota E-Democracy Survey Report’, www.e-democracy.org/research/edemsurvey2002-jakobjensen.pdf.
John, Peter 1998. Analysing Public Policy. London: Pinter.
Jonsen, Albert R. and Toulmin, Stephen 1998. The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Joss, Simon 1998. ‘Danish Consensus Conferences as a Model of Participatory Technology Assessment: An Impact Study of Consensus Conferences on Danish Parliament and Danish Public Debate’, Science and Public Policy 25: 2–22.
Joss, Simon and Durant, John (eds.) 1995. Public Participation in Science: The Role of Consensus Conferences in Europe. London: Science Museum.
Kamarck, Elaine Ciulla and Nye, Joseph S. Jr. (eds.) 2002. Governance.com: Democracy in the Information Age. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Kersting, Norbert and Baldersheim, Harold (eds.) 2004. Electronic Voting and Democracy. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Kersting, Norbert, Leenes, Ronald and Svensson, Jorgen 2004. ‘Conclusions: Adopting Electronic Voting – Context Matters’, in Kersting, Norbert and Baldersheim, Harold (eds.) Electronic Voting and Democracy. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 276–305.
Klüver, Lars 1995. ‘Consensus Conferences at the Danish Board of Technology’, in Joss, Simon and Durant, John (eds.) Public Participation in Science: The Role of Consensus Conferences in Europe. London: Science Museum, 41–52.
Kobach, Kris W. 1993. The Referendum: Direct Democracy in Switzerland. Aldershot: Dartmouth.
Kobach, Kris W. 1994. ‘Switzerland’, in Butler, David and Ranney, Austin (eds.) Referendums around the World. Washington, DC: AEI Press, 98–153.
Kriesi, Hanspeter 2002. ‘Individual Opinion Formation in a Direct Democratic Campaign’, British Journal of Political Science 32: 171–91.
Kuper, Richard 1997. ‘Deliberating Waste: The Hertfordshire Citizens’ Jury', Local Environment 2: 139–53.
Kymlicka, Will 1999. ‘Citizenship in an Era of Globalisation’, in Shapiro, Ian and Hacker-Cordon, Casiano (eds.) Democracy's Edges. Cambridge University Press.
Lang, Amy 2007. ‘But Is It for Real? The British Columbia Citizens’ Assembly as a Model of State-Sponsored Citizen Empowerment', Politics and Society 35: 35–69.
Lang, Amy 2008. ‘The Agenda Problem in Participatory Governance: Evidence from the BC Citizens’ Assembly', in Warren, Mark E. and Pearse, Hilary (eds.) Designing Deliberative Democracy: The British Columbia Citizens' Assembly. Cambridge University Press, 85–105.
Latham, Robert and Sassen, Saskia 2005a. ‘Digital Formations: Constructing an Object of Study’, in Latham, Robert and Sassen, Saskia (eds.) Digital Formations: IT and New Architectures in the Global Realm. Princeton University Press, 1–36.
Latham, Robert and Sassen, Saskia (eds.) 2005b. Digital Formations: IT and New Architectures in the Global Realm. Princeton University Press.
Lijphart, Arend 1997. ‘Unequal Participation: Democracy's Unresolved Dilemma’, American Political Science Review 91: 1–14.
Linder, Wolf 1994. Swiss Democracy. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Lowndes, Vivien, Pratchett, Lawrence and Stoker, Gerry 2001. ‘Trends in Public Participation: Part 2 – Citizens’ Perspectives', Public Administration 79: 445–55.
Lukensmeyer, Carolyn J. and Brigham, Steve 2002. ‘Taking Democracy to Scale: Creating a Town Hall Meeting for the Twenty-First Century’, National Civic Review 91: 351–66.
Lukensmeyer, Carolyn J., Goldman, Joe and Brigham, Steven 2005. ‘A Town Meeting for the Twenty-First Century’, in Gastil, John and Levine, Peter (eds.) The Deliberative Democracy Handbook: Strategies for Effective Civic Engagement in the 21st Century. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 154–63.
Lupia, Arthur 1994. ‘Shortcuts versus Encyclopedias: Information and Voting Behavior in California Insurance Reform Elections’, Amercian Political Science Review 88: 63–76.
Lupia, Arthur and Johnston, Richard 2001. ‘Are Voters to Blame? Voter Competence and Elite Maneuvers in Referendums’, in Mendelsohn, Matthew and Parkin, Andrew (eds.) Referendum Democracy: Citizens, Elites and Deliberation in Referendum Campaigns. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 191–210.
Lupia, Arthur and Matsusaka, John G. 2004. ‘Direct Democracy: New Approaches to Old Questions’, Annual Review of Political Science 7: 463–82.
Luskin, Robert C., Fishkin, James S. and Iyengar, Shanto 2006. ‘Considered Opinions on U.S. Foreign Policy: Face-to-Face versus Online Deliberative Polling’, paper available from The Center for Deliberative Democracy, Stanford University, http://cdd.stanford.edu/research/index.html.
Luskin, Robert C., Fishkin, James S. and Jowell, Roger 2002. ‘Considered Opinions: Deliberative Polling in Britain’, British Journal of Political Science 32: 455–87.
Macedo, Stephen 1999. Deliberative Politics. Oxford University Press.
MacPherson, C. B. 1977. The Life and Times of Liberal Democracy. Oxford University Press.
Magleby, David B. 1984. Direct Legislation: Voting on Ballot Propositions in the United States. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Magleby, David B. 1994. ‘Direct Legislation in the American States’, in Butler, David and Ranney, Austin (eds.) Referendums around the World: The Growing Use of Direct Democracy. Washington, DC: AEI Press, 218–57.
Manin, Bernard 1997. The Principles of Representative Government. Cambridge University Press.
Mansbridge, Jane 1980. Beyond Adversarial Democracy. University of Chicago Press.
Mansbridge, Jane 1996. ‘Using Power/Fighting Power’, in Benhabib, Seyla (ed.) Democracy and Difference. Princeton University Press, 46–66.
Mansbridge, Jane 1999. ‘Everyday Talk in the Deliberative System’, in Macedo, Stephen (ed.) Deliberative Politics: Essays on Democracy and Disagreement. Oxford University Press, 211–39.
Mason, Andrew 2000. Community, Solidarity and Belonging. Cambridge University Press.
Mason, Andrew 2004. ‘Just Constraints’, British Journal of Political Science 34: 251–68.
McIver, Shirley 1997. An Evaluation of the King's Fund Citizens' Juries Programme. Birmingham: Health Services Management Centre.
Mendelsohn, Matthew and Parkin, Andrew 2001. ‘Introduction: Referendum Democracy’, in Mendelsohn, Matthew and Parkin, Andrew (eds.) Referendum Democracy: Citizens, Elites and Deliberation in Referendum Campaigns. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 1–22.
Merkle, Daniel M. 1996. ‘The National Issues Convention Deliberative Poll’, Public Opinion Quarterly 60: 588–619.
Miller, David 1992. ‘Deliberative Democracy and Social Choice’, Political Studies (Special Issue: Prospects for Democracy) 40: 54–67.
Moran, Margaret 2002. Womenspeak: E-Democracy or He Democracy?London: Fawcett Society (Occasional Paper).
Muhlberger, Peter 2005. ‘The Virtual Agora Project: A Research Design for Studying Democratic Deliberation’, Journal of Public Deliberation 1: Article 5, http://services.bepress.com/jpd/vol1/iss1/art5.
Nagel, Jack 1992. ‘Combining Deliberation and Fair Representation in Community Health Decisions’, University of Pennsylvania Law Review 140: 1965–85.
Newman, Janet, Barnes, Marian, Sullivan, Helen and Knops, Andrew 2004. ‘Public Participation and Collaborative Governance’, Journal of Social Policy 33: 203–23.
Norris, Pippa 2001. Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide. Cambridge University Press.
Norris, Pippa 2004. ‘Will New Technology Boost Turnout?’, in Kersting, Norbert and Baldersheim, Harold (eds.) Electronic Voting and Democracy. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 193–225.
Norton, Andy, Bird, Bella, Brock, Karen, Kakande, Margaret and Turk, Carrie 2001. A Rough Guide to PPAs. Participatory Poverty Assessment: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. London: Overseas Development Institute.
Nylen, William R. 2003. ‘An Enduring Legacy? Popular Participation in the Aftermath of the Participatory Budgets of João Monlevade and Betim’, in Baiocchi, Gianpaolo (ed.) Radicals in Power: The Workers' Party (PT) and Experiments in Urban Democracy in Brazil. London: Zed Books, 91–112.
Offe, Claus and Preuss, Ulrich K. 1991. ‘Democratic Institutions and Moral Resources’, in Held, David (ed.) Political Theory Today. Cambridge: Polity, 143–71.
,Ontario Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform 2007. One Ballot, Two Votes: A New Way to Vote in Ontario. Toronto: Ontario Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform.
,Ontario Citizens' Assembly Secretariat 2007. Democracy at Work: The Ontario Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform. Toronto: Ontario Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform.
,Oregon Health Decisions 1990. Health Care in Common: Report on the Oregon Health Decisions Community Meeting Process. Tualatin, OR: Oregon Health Decisions.
Palmer, Jane (ed.) 1999. UK National Consensus Conference on Radioactive Waste: Final ReportCambridge: UKCEED.
Parkinson, John 2001. ‘Deliberative Democracy and Referendums’, in Dowding, Keith, Hughes, James and Margetts, Helen (eds.) Challenges to Democracy. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 131–52.
Parkinson, John 2006. Deliberating in the Real World: Problems of Legitimacy in Deliberative Democracy. Oxford University Press.
Parliamentary Office of Science, and Technology 2001. Open Channels: Public Dialogue in Science and Technology. London: POST.
Parry, Geraint 1972. ‘Introduction’, in Parry, Geraint (ed.) Participation in Politics. Manchester University Press, 3–38.
Parsons, Wayne 1996. Public Policy. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.
Pateman, Carole 1970. Participation and Democratic Theory. Cambridge University Press.
Pattie, Charles, Seyd, Patrick and Whiteley, Paul 2005. Citizenship in Britain: Values, Participation and Democracy. Cambridge University Press.
Pharr, Susan and Putnam, Robert D. (eds.) 1999. Disaffected Democracies. Princeton University Press.
Phillips, Anne 1991. Engendering Democracy. Cambridge: Polity.
Phillips, Anne 1995. The Politics of Presence. Oxford University Press.
Pitkin, Hannah 1967. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Popadopoulos, Yannis and Warin, Philippe 2007. ‘Major Findings and Paths for Research: A Concluding Note’, European Journal of Political Research 46: 591–605.
Popkin, Samuel 1991. The Reasoning Voter: Communication and Persuasion in Presidential Elections. University of Chicago Press.
Posner, Richard A. 2003. Law, Pragmatism, and Democracy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Pratchett, Lawrence 2002. The Implementation of Electronic Voting in the UK. London: Local Government Association.
Pratchett, Lawrence 2006. Understanding E-democracy Developments in Europe. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
Pratchett, Lawrence 2007. ‘Local Democracy in Europe: Democratic X-Ray as the Basis for Comparative Analysis’, mimeo.
Price, David 2000. ‘Choices Without Reasons: Citizens’ Juries and Policy Evaluation', Journal of Medical Ethics 26: 272–6.
Price, Vincent and Neijens, Peter 1998. ‘Deliberative Polls: Toward Improved Measures of “Informed” Public Opinion’, International Journal of Public Opinion Research 10: 145–76.
Qvortrup, Matt 2005. A Comparative Study of Referendums: Government by the People. Manchester University Press.
Ratner, R. S. 2008. ‘Communicative Rationality in the Citizens’ Assembly and Referendum Processes', in Warren, Mark E. and Pearse, Hilary (eds.) Designing Deliberative Democracy: The British Columbia Citizens' Assembly. Cambridge University Press, 145–65.
Reeve, Andrew and Ware, Alan 1992. Electoral Systems. London: Routledge.
Revill, Jo (2007). ‘ ”Sham” Citizens’ Juries Face Controls', The Observer, 30 September.
Rihoux, Benoît and Rüdig, Wolfgang 2006. ‘Analyzing Greens in Power: Setting the Agenda’, European Journal of Political Research 45: S1–S33.
,Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution 1998. Setting Environmental Standards (Twenty-first Report). London: HMSO.
Sack, Warren 2005. ‘Discourse Architecture and Very Large-Scale Conversation’, in Latham, Robert and Sassen, Saskia (eds.) Digital Formations: IT and New Architectures in the Global Realm. Princeton University Press, 242–82.
Sanders, Lynn 1996. ‘Against Deliberation’, Political Theory 25: 347–76.
Sang, Bob and Stella, Davies 1998. ‘Facilitating a Citizens’ Jury: Working with “Perfect Strangers”', in Davies, Stella, Elizabeth, Susan, Hanley, Bec, New, Bill and Sang, Bob (eds.) Ordinary Wisdom; Reflections on an Experiment in Citizenship and Health Care. London: King's Fund, 35–64.
Santos, Boaventura de Sousa 1998. ‘Participatory Budgeting in Porto Alegre: Toward a Redistributive Democracy’, Politics and Society 26: 461–510.
Sartori, Giovanni 1987. The Theory of Democracy Revisited. Chatham House.
Saward, Michael 1998. Terms of Democracy. Cambridge: Polity.
Saward, Michael 2000. ‘Direct and Deliberative Democracy’, paper presented at the Copenhagen ECPR Joint Sessions. Copenhagen, 14–19 April.
Saward, Michael 2001. ‘Making Democratic Connections: Political Equality, Deliberation and Direct Democracy’, Acta Politica 36: 361–79.
Saward, Michael 2003a. Democracy. Cambridge: Polity.
Saward, Michael 2003b. ‘Enacting Democracy’, Political Studies 51: 161–79.
Saxonhouse, Arlene W. 1993. ‘Athenian Democracy: Modern Mythmakers and Ancient Theorists’, PS: Political Science and Politics 26: 486–90.
Schlosberg, David, Shulman, Stuart W. and Zavestoski, Stephen 2006. ‘Virtual Environmental Citizenship: Web-Based Public Participation in Rulemaking in the United States’, in Dobson, Andrew and Bell, Derek (eds.) Environmental Citizenship. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 209–36.
Schneider, Aaron and Goldfrank, Ben 2000. ‘Budgets and Ballots in Brazil: Participatory Budgeting from the City to the State’, IDS Working Paper 149. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.
Schumpeter, , Joseph 1976. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. London: Allen and Unwin.
Shapiro, Ian 2003. The State of Democratic Theory. Princeton University Press.
Silva, Marchelo Kunrath 2003. ‘Participation by Design: The Experiences of Alvorada and Gravataí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil’, in Baiocchi, Gianpaolo (ed.) Radicals in Power: The Workers' Party (PT) and Experiments in Urban Democracy in Brazil. London: Zed Books, 113–30.
Sirianni, Carmen and Friedland, Lewis 2001. Civic Innovation in America: Community Empowerment, Public Policy, and the Movement for Civic Renewal. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Smith, Daniel A. 1998. Tax Crusaders and the Politics of Direct Democracy. New York: Routledge.
Smith, Graham 2003. Deliberative Democracy and the Environment. London: Routledge.
Smith, Graham 2005. Beyond the Ballot: 57 Democratic Innovations from around the World. London: Power Inquiry. www.soton.ac.uk/ccd/events/SuppMat/Beyond%20the%20Ballot.pdf.
Smith, Graham and Stephenson, Susan 2005. ‘The Theory and Practice of Group Representation: Reflections on the Governance of Race Equality in Birmingham’, Public Administration 83: 323–43.
Smith, Graham and Wales, Corrine 1999. ‘The Theory and Practice of Citizens’ Juries', Policy and Politics 27: 295–308.
Smith, Graham and Wales, Corrine 2000. ‘Citizens’ Juries and Deliberative Democracy', Political Studies 48: 51–65.
Sniderman, Paul M., Brody, Richard A. and Tetlock, Phillip E. 1991. Reasoning and Choice: Explorations in Political Psychology. Cambridge University Press.
Somin, Ilya 1999. ‘Voter Ignorance and the Democratic Ideal’, Critical Review, 12: 413–58.
Squires, Judith 2002. ‘Deliberation and Decision-Making: Discontinuity in the Two-Track Model’, in D, Maurizio Passarin'Entreves (ed.) Democracy as Public Deliberation: New Perspectives. Manchester University Press, 133–56.
Stewart, John, Kendall, Elizabeth and Coote, Anna 1994. Citizens' Juries. London: IPPR.
Stoker, Gerry 1998. ‘Governance as Theory: Five Propositions’, International Social Science Journal 155: 17–28.
Sturgis, Patrick, Roberts, Caroline and Allum, Nick 2005. ‘A Different Take on the Deliberative Poll: Information, Deliberation and Attitude Constraint’, Public Opinion Quarterly 69: 30–65.
Sunstein, Cass R. 2000. ‘Deliberative Trouble? Why Groups Go to Extremes’, Yale Law Journal 110: 71–119.
Sunstein, Cass R. 2001. Republic.com. Princeton University Press.
Talpin, Julien 2007. ‘Who Governs in Participatory Budgeting Institutions? A Comparative Study of the Decision-Making Processes in Three European Cases of Participatory Budgeting’, paper prepared for the CINEFOGO Conference ‘Citizen Participation in Decision-Making’, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK, 14–15 February.
Taylor, Charles 1994. ‘The Politics of Recognition’, in Gutmann, Amy (ed.) Multiculturalism. Princeton University Press, 25–74.
Thompson, Dennis 2008. ‘Who Should Govern Who Governs? The Role of Citizens in Reforming the Electoral System’, in Warren, Mark E. and Pearse, Hilary (eds.) Designing Deliberative Democracy: The British Columbia Citizens' Assembly. Cambridge University Press, 20–49.
Thompson, Simon and Hoggett, Paul 2001. ‘The Emotional Dynamics of Deliberative Democracy’, Policy and Politics 29: 351–64.
,Tomorrow's Europe 2007. ‘EU Citizens Accept Need for Pension Reform, Resist Enlargement: First EU-Wide Deliberative Poll Reveals Citizens’ Considered Preferences', press release. Paris: Notre Europe. http://cdd.stanford.edu/polls/eu/2007/eu-dpoll-pressrelease.pdf.
Traugott, Michael W. 2003. ‘Can We Trust the Polls? It All Depends’, The Brookings Review 21: 8–11.
Trechsel, Alexander H., Kies, Raphaël, Mendez, Fernando and Schmitter, Philippe C. 2003. Evaluation of the Use of New Technologies in Order to Facilitate Democracy in Europe: E-democratising the Parliaments and Parties of Europe. Florence: European University.
Tsagarousianou, Roza 1998. ‘Electronic Democracy and the Public Sphere: Opportunities and Challenges’, in Tsagarousianou, Roza, Tambini, Damian and Bryan, Cathy (eds.) Cyberdemocracy: Technologies, Cities and Civic Networks. London: Routledge, 41–59.
Tsagarousianou, Roza, Tambini, Damian and Bryan, Cathy (eds.) 1998. Cyberdemocracy: Technologies, Cities and Civic Networks. London: Routledge.
Uhr, John 2002. ‘Rewriting the Referendum Rules’, in Warhurst, John and Mackerras, Malcolm (eds.) Constitutional Politics. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 177–200.
Verba, Sidney, Nie, Norman H. and Kim, Jae-On 1978. Participation and Political Equality. Cambridge University Press.
Wagle, Swarnim and Shah, Parmesh 2003. Case Study 2 – Porto Alegre, Brazil: Participatory Approaches in Budgeting and Public Expenditure Management (Note No. 71). Washington, DC: Social Development Publications, World Bank.
Warhurst, John and Mackerras, Malcolm (eds.) 2002. Constitutional Politics. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press.
Warren, Mark E. 1996. ‘What Should We Expect from More Democracy? Radically Democratic Responses to Politics’, Political Theory 24: 241–70.
Warren, Mark E. (ed.) 1999. Democracy and Trust. Cambridge University Press.
Warren, Mark E. 2001. Democracy and Association. Princeton University Press.
Warren, Mark E. 2008. ‘Citizen Representatives’, in Warren, Mark E. and Pearse, Hilary (eds.) Designing Deliberative Democracy: The British Columbia Citizens' Assembly. Cambridge University Press, 50–69.
Warren, Mark E. and Pearse, Hilary (eds.) 2008a. Designing Deliberative Democracy: The British Columbia Citizens' Assembly. Cambridge University Press.
Warren, Mark E. and Pearse, Hilary (eds.) 2008b. ‘Introduction’, in Warren, Mark E. and Pearse, Hilary (eds.) Designing Deliberative Democracy: The British Columbia Citizens' Assembly. Cambridge University Press, 1–19.
Watson, Tom and Tami, Mark 2001. Making Voting Compulsory. London: Fabian Society.
Wodak, Ruth and Wright, Scott 2006. ‘The European Union in Cyberspace: Multilingual Democratic Participation in a Virtual Public Sphere’, Journal of Language and Politics 5: 251–75.
Bank, World 1996. The World Bank Participation Sourcebook. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Wright, Scott 2006. ‘Government-Run Online Discussion Fora: Moderation, Censorship and the Shadow of Control’, British Journal of Politics and International Relations 8: 550–68.
Wright, Scott and Street, John 2007. ‘Democracy, Deliberation and Design: The Case of Online Discussion Forums’, New Media and Society 9: 849–69.
Young, Iris Marion 1990. Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton University Press.
Young, Iris Marion 2000. Inclusion and Democracy. Oxford University Press.
Zimmerman, Joseph F. 1999. The New England Town Meeting: Democracy in Action. Westport: Praeger.
