Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 11
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
December 2021
Print publication year:
2022
Online ISBN:
9781009064484
Series:
Elements in Politics and Communication

Book description

Digital technologies have changed the public arena, but there is little scholarly consensus about how they have done so. This Element lays out a new framework for the digitally mediated public arena by identifying structural changes and continuities with the pre-digital era. It examines three country cases – the United States, Germany, and China. In these countries and elsewhere, the emergence of new infrastructures such as search engines and social media platforms increasingly mediate and govern the visibility and reach of information, and thus reconfigure the transmission belt between citizens and political elites. This shift requires a rethinking of the workings and dysfunctions of the contemporary public arena and ways to improve it.

References

Agarwal, S. D., and Barthel, M. L. (2015). The Friendly Barbarians: Professional Norms and Work Routines of Online Journalists in the United States. Journalism, 16(3), 376–91.
Allen, J., Howland, B., Mobius, M., Rothschild, D., and Watts, D. J. (2020). Evaluating the Fake News Problem at the Scale of the Information Ecosystem. Science Advances, 6(14), eaay3539.
Barr, A. (2009). Palin Trashes “Lamestream Media”. Politco. www.politico.com/story/2009/11/palin-trashes-lamestream-media-029693.
Bennett, W. L., and Livingston, S., eds. (2021). The Disinformation Age: Politics, Technology, and Disruptive Communication in the United States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108914628.
Bensmann, M., Eckert, T., and Richter, F. (2020). “Hygiene-Demos”: Russland-Freunde gegen Corona. Correctiv. https://correctiv.org/aktuelles/2020/04/30/hygiene-demos-russland-freunde-gegen-corona.
Bertsou, E., and Caramani, D. (2020). People Haven’t Had Enough of Experts: Technocratic Attitudes among European Citizens. American Journal of Political Science. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12554.
Bieber, C., and Leggewie, C., eds. (2012). Unter Piraten: Erkundungen in einer neuen politischen Arena. Bielefeld: Transcript.
Bimber, B. (2003). Information and American Democracy: Technology in the Evolution of Political Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Blum, R. M. (2020). How the Tea Party Captured the GOP: Insurgent Factions in American Politics. Champaign, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Bond, P. (2016). Leslie Moonves on Donald Trump: “It May Not Be Good for America, but It’s Damn Good for CBS.” The Hollywood Reporter. www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leslie-moonves-donald-trump-may-871464.
Bonikowski, B. (2019). Trump’s Populism: The Mobilization of Nationalist Cleavages and the Future of US Democracy. In Weyland, K. and Madrid, R. L., eds. When Democracy Trumps Populism: European and Latin American Lessons for the United States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 110–31.
Bradford, A. (2020). The Brussels Effect: How the European Union Rules the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Campbell, J. L. (2018). American Discontent: The Rise of Donald Trump, New York: Oxford University Press.
Castells, M. (2013). Communication Power, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Claggett, W. J. M., Engle, P. J., and Shafer, B. E. (2014). The Evolution of Mass Ideologies in Modern American Politics. The Forum, 12(2), 223–56.
Cohen, M., Karol, D., Noel, H., and Zaller, J. (2008). The Party Decides: Presidential Nominations before and after Reform. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Collins, H., Evans, R., Durant, D., and Weinel, M. (2020). Experts and the Will of the People: Society, Populism and Science. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Collins, R. (2021). Assault on the Capitol: 2021, 1917, 1792. The Sociological Eye: Writings by the Sociologist Randall Collins. http://sociological-eye.blogspot.com/2021/01/assault-on-capitol-2021-1917-1792.html.
Cramer, K. J. (2016). Politics of Resentment: Rural Consciousness in Wisconsin and the Rise of Scott Walker. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
de Vrieze, J. (2017). “Science Wars” Veteran Has a New Mission. Science, 358(6360), 159.
Staff, Der Spiegel (2019). Documents Link AfD Parliamentarian to Moscow. Der Spiegel. www.spiegel.de/international/germany/documents-link-afd-parliamentarian-to-moscow-a-1261509.html.
Diakopoulos, N. (2019). Automating the News: How Algorithms Are Rewriting the Media. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Douek, E. (2019). Facebook’s “Oversight Board”: Move Fast with Stable Infrastructure and Humility. North Carolina Journal of Law and Technology, 21(1), 178.
Douek, E. (2021). Governing Online Speech: From “Posts-as-Trumps” to Proportionality and Probability. Columbia Law Review, 121(3), 759834.
Drezner, D. W., Farrell, H., and Newman, A. L., eds. (2021). The Uses and Abuses of Weaponized Interdependence. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Drüeke, R., and Zobl, E. (2016). Online Feminist Protest against Sexism: The German-language Hashtag #aufschrei. Feminist Media Studies, 16(1), 3554.
Dubois, E., and Blank, G. (2018). The Echo Chamber is Overstated: The Moderating Effect of Political Interest and Diverse Media. Information, Communication & Society, 21(5), 729–45.
Duina, F. (2018). Broke and Patriotic: Why Poor Americans Love Their Country. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Eimeren, B. van, Simon, E., and Riedl, A. (2017). Medienvertrauen und Informationsverhalten von politischen Zweiflern und Entfremdeten. Media Perspektiven, (11), 538–54.
Eldridge, S. A. (2018). Online Journalism from the Periphery: Interloper Media and the Journalistic Field. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315671413.
Emirbayer, M., and Desmond, M. (2015). The Racial Order. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Erie, M. S., and Streinz, T. (2021). The Beijing Effect: China’s Digital Silk Road as Transnational Data Governance. Social Science Research Network. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3810256.
Farrell, H., and Newman, A. L. (2019a). Of Privacy and Power: The Transatlantic Struggle over Freedom and Security. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Farrell, H., and Newman, A. L. (2019b). Weaponized Interdependence: How Global Economic Networks Shape State Coercion. International Security, 44(1), 4279.
Fiorina, M. P. (2017). Unstable Majorities: Polarization, Party Sorting, and Political Stalemate. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press.
Flaxman, S., Goel, S., and Rao, J. M. (2016). Filter Bubbles, Echo Chambers, and Online News Consumption. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80(1), 298320.
Fletcher, R., Cornia, A., Graves, L., and Nielsen, R. K. (2018). Measuring the Reach of “Fake News” and Online Disinformation in Europe. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2018-02/Measuring.
Fraser, N. (1990). Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy. Social Text, (25/26), 5680.
Freelon, D., Marwick, A., and Kreiss, D. (2020). False Equivalencies: Online Activism from Left to Right. Science, 369(6508), 1197–201.
Fukuyama, F., and Grotto, A. (2020). Comparative Media Regulation in the United States and Europe. In Persily, N. and Tucker, J. A., eds. Social Media and Democracy: The State of the Field, Prospects for Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 199219.
Gäbler, B. (2018). AfD und Medien: Erfahrungen und Lehren für die Praxis. Frankfurt am Main: Otto Brenner Stiftung.
Gatehouse, G. (2017). Marine le Pen: Who’s Funding France’s Far Right? BBC News. www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39478066.
Gauchat, G. (2012). Politicization of Science in the Public Sphere: A Study of Public Trust in the United States, 1974 to 2010. American Sociological Review, 77(2), 167–87.
Gessen, M. (2020). Why Are Some Journalists Afraid of “Moral Clarity”? The New Yorker. www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/why-are-some-journalists-afraid-of-moral-clarity.
Gilardi, F., Gessler, T., Kubli, M., and Müller, S. (2021). Social Media and Political Agenda Setting. Political Communication. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2021.1910390.
Gorski, P. S. (2020). American Babylon: Christianity and Democracy before and after Trump. Abingdon: Routledge.
Gorwa, R. (2019). What Is Platform Governance? Information, Communication & Society, 22(6), 854–71.
Gorwa, R. (2021). Elections, Institutions, and the Regulatory Politics of Platform Governance: The Case of the German NetzDG. Telecommunications Policy, 45(6), 102145.
Gorwa, R., Binns, R., and Katzenbach, C. (2020). Algorithmic Content Moderation: Technical and Political Challenges in the Automation of Platform Governance. Big Data & Society, 7(1), 115.
Guess, A. M., Nyhan, B., and Reifler, J. (2020). Exposure to Untrustworthy Websites in the 2016 US Election. Nature Human Behavior, 4, 472–80.
Guhl, J., Ebner, J., and Rau, J. (2020). The Online Ecosystem of the German Far-Right. London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD). www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/ISD-The-Online-Ecosystem-of-the-German-Far-Right-English-Draft-11.pdf.
Guhl, J., and Gerster, L. (2020). Crisis and Loss of Control: German-Language Digital Extremism in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD). www.isdglobal.org/isd-publications/crisis-and-loss-of-control-german-language-digital-extremism-in-the-context-of-the-covid-19-pandemic.
Gurri, M. (2018). The Revolt of the Public and the Crisis of Authority in the New Millennium, 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: Stripe Press.
Habermas, J. (1962). Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit: Untersuchungen zu einer Kategorie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft. Neuwied: Hermann Luchterhand Verlag.
Hall, J. A., and Lindholm, C. (1999). Is America Breaking Apart? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Haller, A., and Holt, K. (2019). Paradoxical Populism: How PEGIDA Relates to Mainstream and Alternative Media. Information, Communication & Society, 22(12), 1665–80.
Haller, M. (2017). Die “Flüchtlingskrise” in den Medien. Frankfurt am Main: Otto Brenner Stiftung.
Hallin, D. C., and Mancini, P. (2004). Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Han, R. (2018). Contesting Cyberspace in China: Online Expression and Authoritarian Resilience. New York: Columbia University Press.
Harder, R. A., Sevenans, J., and Van Aelst, P. (2017). Intermedia Agenda Setting in the Social Media Age: How Traditional Players Dominate the News Agenda in Election Times. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 22(3), 275–93.
Hart, P. S., and Nisbet, E. C. (2012). Boomerang Effects in Science Communication: How Motivated Reasoning and Identity Cues Amplify Opinion Polarization about Climate Mitigation Policies. Communication Research, 39(6), 701–23.
Heft, A., Knüpfer, C., Reinhardt, S., and Mayerhöffer, E. (2021). Toward a Transnational Information Ecology on the Right? Hyperlink Networking among Right-Wing Digital News Sites in Europe and the United States. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 26(2), 484504.
Heilmann, S. (2008). From Local Experiments to National Policy: The Origins of China’s Distinctive Policy Process. The China Journal, 59, 130.
Herbst, S. (1993). Numbered Voices: How Opinion Polling Has Shaped American Politics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Huang, H. (2017). A War of (Mis)Information: The Political Effects of Rumors and Rumor Rebuttals in an Authoritarian Country. British Journal of Political Science, 47(2), 283311.
Hughes, T. P. (1983). Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880–1930. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Igo, S. (2007). The Averaged American: Surveys, Citizens, and the Making of a Mass Public. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Jackson, S. J., Bailey, M., and Welles, B. F. (2020). #HashtagActivism: Networks of Race and Gender Justice. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Jardina, A. (2019). White Identity Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Josephson, P. R. (2005). Resources under Regimes: Technology, Environment, and the State. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Jungherr, A. (2014). The Logic of Political Coverage on Twitter: Temporal Dynamics and Content. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 239–59.
Jungherr, A., and Jürgens, P. (2014). Through a Glass, Darkly: Tactical Support and Symbolic Association in Twitter Messages Commenting on Stuttgart 21. Social Science Computer Review, 32(1), 7489.
Jungherr, A., Mader, M., Schoen, H., and Wuttke, A. (2018). Context-Driven Attitude Formation: The Difference Between Supporting Free Trade in the Abstract and Supporting Specific Trade Agreements. Review of International Political Economy, 25(2), 215–42.
Jungherr, A., Posegga, O., and An, J. (2019a). Discursive Power in Contemporary Media Systems: A Comparative Framework. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 24(4), 404–25.
Jungherr, A., Posegga, O., and An, J. (2021). Populist Supporters on Reddit: A Comparison of Content and Behavioral Patterns within Publics of Supporters of Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. Social Science Computer Review. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439321996130.
Jungherr, A., Rivero, G., and Gayo-Avello, D. (2020). Retooling Politics: How Digital Media Are Shaping Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108297820.
Jungherr, A., Schoen, H., and Jürgens, P. (2016). The Mediation of Politics through Twitter: An Analysis of Messages Posted during the Campaign for the German Federal Election 2013. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 21(1), 5068.
Jungherr, A., Schoen, H., Posegga, O., and Jürgens, P. (2017). Digital Trace Data in the Study of Public Opinion: An Indicator of Attention Toward Politics Rather Than Political Support. Social Science Computer Review, 35(3), 336–56.
Jungherr, A., and Schroeder, R. (2021). Disinformation and the Structural Transformations of the Public Arena: Addressing the Actual Challenges to Democracy. Social Media + Society, 7(1), 113.
Jungherr, A., Schroeder, R., and Stier, S. (2019b). Digital Media and the Surge of Political Outsiders: Explaining the Success of Political Challengers in the United States, Germany, and China. Social Media + Society, 5(3), 112.
Kahan, D. M., Peters, E., Wittlin, M., Slovic, P., Larrimore Ouellette, L., Braman, D., and Mandel, G. (2012). The Polarizing Impact of Science Literacy and Numeracy on Perceived Climate Change Risks. Nature Climate Change, 2, 732–35.
Karl, J. (2020). Front Row at the Trump Show, New York: Dutton.
Karpf, D. (2016). Analytical Activism: Digital Listerning and the New Political Strategy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kaye, D. (2019). Speech Police: The Global Struggle to Govern the Internet. New York: Columbia Global Reports.
Keller, D. (2018a). Internet Platforms: Observations on Speech, Danger, and Money. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution. https://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/files/publication/files/381732092-internet-platforms-observations-on-speech-danger-and-money.pdf.
Keller, D. (2018b). The Right Tools: Europe’s Intermediary Liability Laws and the EU 2016 General Data Protection Regulation. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 33(1), 287364.
Keller, F. B., Schoch, D., Stier, S., and Yang, J. (2020). Political Astroturfing on Twitter: How to Coordinate a Disinformation Campaign. Political Communication, 37(2), 256–80.
King, G., Pan, J., and Roberts, M. E. (2017). How the Chinese Government Fabricates Social Media Posts for Strategic Distraction, Not Engaged Argument. American Political Science Review, 111(3), 484501.
Kitchens, B., Johnson, S. L., and Gray, P. (2020). Understanding Echo Chambers and Filter Bubbles: The Impact of Social Media on Diversification and Partisan Shifts in News Consumption. MIS Quarterly, 44(4), 1619–49.
Klonick, K. (2018). The New Governors: The People, Rules, and Processes Governing Online Speech. Harvard Law Review, 131, 1598–670.
Kohrs, C. (2017). Russische propaganda für deutsche zuschauer. Correctiv. https://correctiv.org/aktuelles/neue-rechte/2017/01/04/russische-propaganda-fuer-deutsche-zuschauer/
Konieczna, M. (2018). Journalism without Profit: Making News When the Market Fails. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kostka, G. (2019). China’s Social Credit Systems and Public Opinion: Explaining High Levels of Approval. New Media & Society, 21(7), 1565–93.
Kovach, B., and Rosenstiel, T. (2021). The Elements of Journalism: What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect, 4th ed. New York: The Crown Publishing Group.
Kovic, M., Rauchfleisch, A., Sele, M., and Caspar, C. (2018). Digital Astroturfing in Politics: Definition, Typology, and Countermeasures. Studies in Communication Sciences, 18(1), 6985.
Kuhn, R., and Nielsen, R. K., eds. (2014). Political Journalism in Transition: Western Europe in a Comparative Perspective. London: I. B. Tauris.
Levin, Y. (2020). A Time to Build: From Family and Community to Congress and the Campus, How Recommitting to Our Institutions Can Revive the American Dream. New York: Basic Books.
Levitsky, S., and Ziblatt, D. (2018). How Democracies Die. New York: Crown Publishing Group.
Liang, F., Das, V., Kostyuk, N., and Hussain, M. M. (2018). Constructing a Data-Driven Society: China’s Social Credit System as a State Surveillance Infrastructure. Policy & Internet, 10(4), 415–53.
Lippman, W. (1928). American Inquisitors. New York: The Macmillan Company.
Liu, J. (2020). Shifting Dynamics of Contention in the Digital Age: Mobile Communication and Politics in China. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lowery, W. (2020). A Reckoning over Objectivity, Led by Black Journalists. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/23/opinion/objectivity-black-journalists-coronavirus.html
Lozada, C. (2020). What Were We Thinking: A Brief Intellectual History of the Trump Era. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Mann, M. (1986). The Sources of Social Power, vol. 1: A History of Power from the Beginning to AD 1760. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mann, M. (2013). The Sources of Social Power, vol. 4: Globalizations, 1945–2011. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mann, M., and Riley, D. (2006). Explaining Macro-regional Trends in Global Income Inequalities, 1950–2000. Socio-Economic Review, 5(1), 81115.
Maurer, M., Jost, P., Haßler, J., and Kruschinski, S. (2019). Auf den Spuren der Lügenpresse: Zur Richtigkeit und Ausgewogenheit der Medienberichterstattung in der “Flüchtlingskrise”. Publizistik, 64(1), 1535.
McCarty, N., Poole, K. T., and Rosenthal, H. (2016). Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches, 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
McCombs, M. E. (2014). Setting the Agenda: Mass Media and Public Opinion, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Polity Press.
McGregor, S. C. (2019). Social Media as Public Opinion: How Journalists Use Social Media to Represent Public Opinion. Journalism, 20(8), 1070–86.
McGregor, S. C. (2020). “Taking the Temperature of the Room”: How Political Campaigns Use Social Media to Understand and Represent Public Opinion. Public Opinion Quarterly, 84(S1), 236–56.
McQuail, D. (2013). Journalism and Society. London: SAGE Publications.
Meyer, D. S., and Tarrow, S., eds. (2018). The Resistance: The Dawn of the Anti-Trump Opposition Movement. New York: Oxford University Press.
Miller-Idriss, C. (2020). Hate in the Homeland: The New Global Far Right. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Napoli, P. M. (2019). Social Media and the Public Interest: Media Regulation in the Disinformation Age. New York: Columbia University Press.
Neuman, W. R. (2016). The Digital Difference: Media Technology and the Theory of Communication Effects. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Neuman, W. R., Guggenheim, L., Jang, S. M., and Bae, S. Y. (2014). The Dynamics of Public Attention: Agenda-Setting Theory Meets Big Data. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 193214.
Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Schulz, A., Andı, S., and Nielsen, R. K., eds. (2020). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Schulz, A., Andı, S., Robertson, C. T., and Nielsen, R. K., eds. (2021). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2021: 10th Edition, Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
Nielsen, R. K. (2012). The Business of News. In Witschge, T., Anderson, C. W., Domingo, D., and Hermida, A., eds., The SAGE Handbook of Digital Journalism. London: SAGE Publications, 5167.
Nielsen, R. K., and Ganter, S. A. (2018). Dealing with Digital Intermediaries: A Case Study of the Relations between Publishers and Platforms. New Media & Society, 20(4), 1600–17.
Oreskes, N., and Conway, E. M. (2010). Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming. New York: Bloomsbury Press.
Osnos, E. (2014). Age of Ambition: Chasing Fortune, Truth, and Faith in the New China. New York: Farrat, Straus; Giroux.
Palmer, D. A. (2019). Three Moral Codes and Microcivil Spheres in China. In Alexander, J. C., Palmer, D. A., Park, S., and Ku, A. S., eds., The Civil Sphere in Asia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 126–47.
Pan, J. (2017). How Market Dynamics of Domestic and Foreign Social Media Firms Shape Strategies of Internet Censorship. Problems of Post-Communism, 64(3-4), 167–88.
Peck, R. (2019). Fox Populism: Branding Conservatism as Working Class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pickard, V. (2020). Democracy without Journalism? Confronting the Misinformation Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Pohle, J., and Thiel, T. (2020). Digital Sovereignty. Internet Policy Review, 9(4), 119.
Posegga, O., and Jungherr, A. (2019). Characterizing Political Talk on Twitter: A Comparison between Public Agenda, Media Agendas, and the Twitter Agenda with Regard to Topics and Dynamics. In HICSS 2019: Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Science. University of Hawaii at Manoa: Scholarspace, 2590–99.
Przeworski, A. (2019). Crises of Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rauchfleisch, A. (2017). The Public Sphere as an Essentially Contested Concept: A Co-citation Analysis of the Last 20 Years of Public Sphere Research. Communication and the Public, 2(1), 318.
Rauchfleisch, A., and Kaiser, J. (2020a). The False Positive Problem of Automatic Bot Detection in Social Science Research. PLoS One, 15(10), e0241045.
Rauchfleisch, A., and Kaiser, J. (2020b). The German Far-Right on YouTube: An Analysis of User Overlap and User Comments. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 64(3), 373–96.
Rauchfleisch, A., and Kaiser, J. (2021). Deplatforming the Far-Right: An Analysis of YouTube and BitChute. Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3867818.
Rauchfleisch, A., and Schäfer, M. S. (2015). Multiple Public Spheres of Weibo: A Typology of Forms and Potentials of Online Public Spheres In China. Information, Communication & Society, 18(2), 139–55.
Rekker, R. (2021). The Nature and Origins of Political Polarization over Science. Public Understanding of Science, 30(4), 352–68.
Richardson, A. V. (2020). Bearing Witness While Black: African Americans, Smartphones, and the New Protest #Journalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rid, T. (2020). Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare. New York: Farrat, Straus; Giroux.
Roberts, M. E. (2018). Censored: Distraction and Diversion inside China’s Great Firewall. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Robertson, C. T. (2021). Impartiality Unpacked: A Study of Four Countries. In Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Schulz, A., Andı, S., Robertson, C. T., and Nielsen, R. K., eds. Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2021: 10th Edition. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, 3942.
Rodrik, D. (2011). The Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the Future of the World Economy. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Scharkow, M., Mangold, F., Stier, S., and Breuer, J. (2020). How Social Network Sites and Other Online Intermediaries Increase Exposure to News. PNAS: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(6), 2761–63.
Schmidt, E., and Cohen, J. (2013). The New Digital Age: Transforming Nations, Businesses, and Our Lives. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Schroeder, R. (2013). An Age of Limits: Social Theory for the 21st Century. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Schroeder, R. (2018a). Rethinking Digital Media and Political Change. Convergence, 24(2), 168–83.
Schroeder, R. (2018b). Social Theory after the Internet: Media, Technology and Globalization. London: UCL Press.
Schroeder, R. (2019). Contemporary Populist Politics through the Macroscopic Lens of Randall Collins’s Conflict Theory. Thesis Eleven, 154(1), 97107.
Schroeder, R. (2020). Political Power and the Globalizing Spread of Populist Politics. Journal of Political Power, 13(1), 2240.
Scott, M., Bunce, M., and Wright, K. (2019). Foundation Funding and the Boundaries of Journalism. Journalism Studies, 20(14), 2034–52.
Sehl, A., Simon, F. M., and Schroeder, R. (2020). The Populist Campaigns against European Public Service Media: Hot Air or Existential Threat? International Communication Gazette.
Settle, J. E. (2018). Frenemies: How Social Media Polarizes America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Shoemaker, P. J., and Reese, S. D. (2014). Mediating the Message in the 21st Century, 3rd ed. New York: Routledge.
Shoemaker, P. J., and Vos, T. P. (2009). Gatekeeping Theory. New York: Routledge.
Sides, J., Tesler, M., and Vavreck, L. (2018). Identity Crisis: The 2016 Presidential Campaign and the Battle for the Meaning of America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Skocpol, T., and Tervo, C. (Eds.). (2020). Upending American Politics: Polarizing Parties, Ideological Elites, and Citizen Activists from the Tea Party to the Anti-Trump Resistance. New York: Oxford University Press.
Slater, D., and Wong, J. (2013). The Strength to Concede: Ruling Parties and Democratization in Developmental Asia. Perspectives on Politics, 11(3), 717–33.
Smith, R. M., and King, D. (2020). White Protectionism in America. Perspectives on Politics, 19(2), 460–78.
Sobieraj, S. (2020). Credible Threat: Attacks against Women Online and the Future of Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Stier, S., Kirkizh, N., Froio, C., and Schroeder, R. (2020). Populist Attitudes and Selective Exposure to Online News: A Cross-Country Analysis Combining Web Tracking and Surveys. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 25(3), 426–46.
Stier, S., Posch, L., Bleier, A., and Strohmaier, M. (2017). When Populists become Popular: Comparing Facebook Use by the Right-Wing Movement Pegida and German Political Parties. Information, Communication & Society, 20(9), 1365–88.
Stockmann, D. (2013). Media Commercialization and Authoritarian Rule in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stockmann, D. (2020). Regulating Social Media Platforms: Lessons from China for Europe. In Digital Democracy Workshop, Digital Democracy Lab & Digital Society Initiative, University of Zurich.
Stockmann, D., and Luo, T. (2017). Which Social Media Facilitate Online Public Opinion in China? Problems of Post-Communism, 64(3–4), 189202.
Stockmann, D., Luo, T., and Shen, M. (2020). Designing Authoritarian Deliberation: How Social Media Platforms Influence Political Talk in China. Democratization, 27(2), 243–63.
Strittmatter, K. (2018). Die neuerfindung der diktatur: Wie china den digitalen Überwachungsstaat aufbaut und uns damit herausfordert. Munich: Piper.
Strossen, N. (2018). Hate: Why we Should Resist It with Free Speech, Not Censorship. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sunstein, C. R. (2017). #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Suzor, N. P. (2019). Lawless: The Secret Rules That Govern Our Digital Lives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Taneja, H., Wu, A. X., and Edgerly, S. (2018). Rethinking the Generational Gap in Online News Use: An Infrastructural Perspective. New Media & Society, 20(5), 1792–812.
Tang, W. (2016). Populist Authoritarianism: Chinese Political Culture and Regime Stability. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Termin, P. (2017). The Vanishing Middle Class: Prejudice and Power in a Dual Economy. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Theocharis, Y., Barberá, P., Fazekas, Z., Popa, S. A., and Parnet, O. (2016). A Bad Workman Blames His Tweets: The Consequences of Citizens’ Uncivil Twitter Use When Interacting with Party Candidates. Journal of Communication, 66(6), 1007–31.
Theocharis, Y., and Jungherr, A. (2021). Computational Social Science and the Study of Political Communication. Political Communication, 38 (1–2), 1–22.
Toepfl, F., and Piwoni, E. (2018). Targeting Dominant Publics: How Counterpublic Commenters Align Their Efforts with Mainstream News. New Media & Society, 20(5), 2011–27.
Toff, B., Badrinathan, S., Mont’Alverne, C., Arguedas, A. R., Fletcher, R., and Nielsen, R. K. (2021). Listening to What Trust in News Means to Users: Qualitative Evidence from Four Countries. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2021-04/Toff_et_al_Listening_to_What_Trust_in_News_Means_to_Users_FINAL.pdf.
Usher, N. (2017). Digital Journalism Venture-Backed News Startups and the Field of Journalism. Journalism, 5(9), 1116–33.
Vargo, C. J., Guo, L., and Amazeen, M. A. (2018). The Agenda-Setting Power of Fake News: A Big Data Analysis of the Online Media Landscape from 2014 to 2016. New Media & Society, 20(5), 2028–49.
Wahl-Jorgensen, K., Berry, M., Garcia-Blanco, I., Bennett, L., and Cable, J. (2017). Rethinking Balance and Impartiality in Journalism? How the BBC Attempted and Failed to Change the Paradigm. Journalism, 18(7), 781800.
Waisbord, S. (2020). Mob Censorship: Online Harassment of US Journalists in Times of Digital Hate and Populism. Digital Journalism, 8(8), 1030–46.
Wang, J. (2020). Regulation of Digital Media Platforms: The Case of China. Oxford: The Foundation for Law, Justice; Society. https://www.fljs.org/content/regulation-digital-media-platforms-case-china
Warner, M. (2002). Publics and Counterpublics. New York: Zone Books.
Webster, J. G. (2014). The Marketplace of Attention: How Audiences Take Shape in a Digital Age. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Weiß, V. (2017). Die autoritäre revolte: Die neue rechte und der untergang des abendlandes. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.
Whyte, M. K. (2010). Myth of the Social Volcano: Perceptions of Inequality and Distributive Injustice in Contemporary China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Wright, T. (2018). Popular Protest in China. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Wright, T., ed. (2019). Handbook of Protest and Resistance in China. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Yan, P., and Schroeder, R. (2020). Variations in the Adoption and Use of Mobile Social Apps in Everyday Lives in Urban and Rural China. Mobile Media & Communication, 8(3), 318–41.
Yang, T., Majó-Vásquez, S., Nielsen, R. K., and González-Bailón, S. (2020). Exposure to News Grows Less Fragmented with an Increase in Mobile Access. PNAS: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(46), 28678–83.
Zhao, D. (2009). The Mandate of Heaven and Performance Legitimation in Historical and Contemporary China. American Behavioral Scientist, 53(3), 416–33.
Zhu, Y., and Fu, K. (2020). Speaking Up or Staying Silent? Examining the Influences of Censorship and Behavioral Contagion on Opinion (Non-) Expression in China. New Media & Society. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820959016.
Zuckerman, E., and Rajendra-Nicolucci, C. (2021). Deplatforming Our Way to the Alt-Tech Ecosystem: What Happens When You Exile Users and Communities? Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University. https://knightcolumbia.org/blog/deplatforming-our-way-to-the-alt-tech-ecosystem.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.