Arguments from failure – arguments that an institution must expand its powers because another institution is failing in some way 'to do its job' – are commonplace. From structural reform litigation, where courts sometimes assume administrative or legislative functions, to the Uniting for Peace Resolution of the UN General Assembly, to the recent bill quashing British subpostmasters' convictions – such arguments are offered in justification for unorthodox exercises of public power. But in spite of their popularity, we lack a good understanding of these arguments in legal terms. This is partly because failure itself is a highly malleable concept and partly because arguments from failure blur into other more familiar legal doctrines about implied powers or emergencies. We can do better. We should recognize arguments from failure as a distinct concept of public law and understand that contemporary constitutional theory offers us tools to evaluate such arguments in different settings.

‘What should we do when those who wield power fail? In a subtle and nuanced analysis, Michaela Hailbronner tackles this question with insight and originality. Drawing on case-studies from comparative constitutional law, the European Union, and international law, Hailbronner makes a powerful case that we need to take institutional failure seriously - not just as a cause for lament or an automatic licence to deviate from established legal norms, but as a stimulus for a more measured and context-specific approach. All public lawyers will benefit from engaging with Hailbronner's illuminating and compelling arguments.’

Aileen Kavanagh - Professor of Constitutional Governance, Law, Trinity College Dublin

‘Institutions fail in ways that spell bad news for a project of democratic constitutionalism - but can also provide invaluable lessons. Institutional failure can be a powerful reason for other institutions to step up to uphold constitutional norms - and Hailbronner constructs a sophisticated account of what this kind of failure-sensitive approach to judicial review might look like. The book should be compulsory reading for all those interested in the future of constitutionalism.’

Rosalind Dixon - Professor of Law and Director of the Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, University of New South Wales, Sydney

‘Michaela Hailbronner has written an exceptional and well argued book, in which she studies the problem of institutional failure. She does so in a very attractive way, concerned about the (tragic) phenomenon of ‘authoritarian erosion’; and still hopeful about structural reform litigation.’

Roberto Gargarella - Professor of Law at the Torcuato di Tella University and the University of Buenos Aires

‘This brilliant and imaginative work underscores how legal efforts are often a response to our broken institutional reality. The Failures of Others not only clarifies our doctrinal landscape - it offers us a new way to inform and shape our constitutional future.’

Madhav Khosla - B. R. Ambedkar Professor of Indian Constitutional Law and Professor of Political Science, Columbia University