Genetic Variation and its Maintenance

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511983603

This volume considers the genetic variability of human populations, particularly in the tropics: its origins and maintenance, and its contribution to the phenotypic variability of complex characters. The first section deals with the ways of analysing genetic variation and provides a valuable review of relevant developments in molecular biology. The origin and maintenance of genetic diversity is considered in the second section with data presented for Pacific, African, Asian and Central American populations. The final section concerns characters in which the genetic contribution to variability is complex and shows how such characters may be used to elucidate biological problems of affinity and differentiation, of adaptation and survival. Published as part of the Decade of the Tropics research programme of the International Union of Biological Sciences, this volume will be of particular interest to human geneticists, physical and biological anthropologists.

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Contents

Frontmatter
pp i-iv
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Contents
pp v-vi
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Preface
pp vii-xii
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Part I - Genetic Diversity - Its Dimensions
pp xiii-xiv
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Genetic polymorphisms - a widening panorama
pp 1-10
- By D. F. Roberts, Department of Human Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England
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Some implications of improved electrophoresis techniques for population genetics
pp 11-28
- By S. S. Papiha, Department of Human Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.
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HLA variation in the tropics
pp 29-38
- By J. Wentzel, Department of Human Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.
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Chromosome polymorphism in humans
pp 39-56
- By H. G. Schwarzacher, Histologisch-Embryologisches Institut der Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
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Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the human genome
pp 57-76
- By D.N Cooper, Neurochemistry Department, Institute of Neurology, London, U.K., J. Schmidtke, Institut für Humangenetik der Universität Gottingen, Gottingen, Federal Republic of Germany.
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Nucleotide sequences, restriction maps, and human mitochondrial DNA diversity
pp 77-86
- By R. L. Cann, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, U.S.A.
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Mitochondrial DNA variation in eastern highlanders of Papua New Guinea
pp 87-100
- By M. Stoneking, Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A., K. Bhatia, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea., A. C. Wilson, Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
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The Contribution of polymorphisms in mtDNA to population genetic studies
pp 101-110
- By B. Bonné-Tamir, Department of Human Genetics, Sackler School of Medicine, Ramat Aviv, Israel., L.L. Cavalli-Sforza, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, U.S.A.
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Part II - Genetic Diversity - Its Origin and Maintenance
pp 111-112
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Human genetic diversity in south-east Asia and the western Pacific
pp 113-134
- By R. L. Kirk, Department of Human Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, Australia.
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Malaria-protective alleles in southern Africa: relict alleles of no health significance
pp 135-148
- By T. Jenkins, MRC Human Ecogenetics Research Unit, South African Institute for Medical Research, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, M. Ramsay, MRC Human Ecogenetics Research Unit, South African Institute for Medical Research, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
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The genetic origin of the variability of the phenotypic expression of the Hb S gene
pp 149-156
- By D. Labie, Institut de Pathologie Moleculaire, INSERM, Paris, France, J. Pagnier, Institut de Pathologie Moleculaire, INSERM, Paris, France, H. Wajcman, Institut de Pathologie Moleculaire, INSERM, Paris, France, M. E. Fabry, Institut de Pathologie Moleculaire, INSERM, Paris, France, R.L. Nagel, Division of Hematology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, U.S.A.
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Origin and maintenance of genetic variation in Black Carib populations of St. Vincent and Central America
pp 157-180
- By M. H. Crawford, Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A.
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Historical and demographic factors and the genetic structure of an Afro-American Community of Nicaragua
pp 181-190
- By G. Battistuzzi, Dipartimento di Genetica, Biologia Generale e Molecolare, Universita di Napoli, Napoli, Italy, G. Biondi, Dipartimento di Biologia Animate e dell'Uomo, Universita di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy, O. Rickards, Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy, P. Astolfi, Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, Universita di Pavia, Pavia, Italy., G. F. De Stefano, Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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Migration and genetic polymorphisms in some Congo peoples
pp 191-198
- By G. Spedini, Dipartimento di Biologia Animate e dell'Uomo, Cattedra di Antropologia, Universita “La Sapienza” Rome, Italy., F. Menchicchi, Dipartimento di Biologia Animate e dell'Uomo, Cattedra di Antropologia, Universita “La Sapienza” Rome, Italy., G. Destro-Bisol, Dipartimento di Biologia Animate e dell'Uomo, Cattedra di Antropologia, Universita “La Sapienza” Rome, Italy., M. Schanfield, Genetic Testing Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.
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Population structure studies and genetic variability in humans
pp 199-220
- By L. B. Jorde, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A.
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Inbreeding and the incidence of recessive disorders in the populations of Karnataka, South India
pp 221-228
- By A. H. Bittles, Department of Anatomy and Human Biology, King's College, London, U.K., A. Radha Rama Devi, Health Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India., N. Appaji Rao, Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Genetic diversity at the albumin locus
pp 229-236
- By F. W. Lorey, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A., D. G. Smith, California Primate Research Center, Davis, California, U.S.A.
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GENETIC DIVERSITY - APPLICATIONS AND PROBLEMS OF COMPLEX CHARACTERS
pp 237-237
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Significance of dermatoglyphics in studies of population genetic variation in man
pp 237-244
- By G. Hauser, Histologisch-Embryologisches Institut der Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
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Polymorphisms of red-green vision among populations of the tropics
pp 245-252
- By A. Adam, Everyman's University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Reductions in body size and the preservation of genetic variability in tropical populations
pp 253-262
- By W. A. Stini, Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, U.S.A.
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Genetic isolates and the search for causal mechanisms of disease
pp 263-278
- By R. M. Garruto, Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Index
pp 279-286
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Genetic Variation and its Maintenance

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Contents

Frontmatter
pp i-iv

Contents
pp v-vi

Preface
pp vii-xii

Part I - Genetic Diversity - Its Dimensions
pp xiii-xiv

Genetic polymorphisms - a widening panorama
pp 1-10

Some implications of improved electrophoresis techniques for population genetics
pp 11-28

HLA variation in the tropics
pp 29-38

Chromosome polymorphism in humans
pp 39-56

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the human genome
pp 57-76

Nucleotide sequences, restriction maps, and human mitochondrial DNA diversity
pp 77-86

Mitochondrial DNA variation in eastern highlanders of Papua New Guinea
pp 87-100

The Contribution of polymorphisms in mtDNA to population genetic studies
pp 101-110

Part II - Genetic Diversity - Its Origin and Maintenance
pp 111-112

Human genetic diversity in south-east Asia and the western Pacific
pp 113-134

Malaria-protective alleles in southern Africa: relict alleles of no health significance
pp 135-148

The genetic origin of the variability of the phenotypic expression of the Hb S gene
pp 149-156

Origin and maintenance of genetic variation in Black Carib populations of St. Vincent and Central America
pp 157-180

Historical and demographic factors and the genetic structure of an Afro-American Community of Nicaragua
pp 181-190

Migration and genetic polymorphisms in some Congo peoples
pp 191-198

Population structure studies and genetic variability in humans
pp 199-220

Inbreeding and the incidence of recessive disorders in the populations of Karnataka, South India
pp 221-228

Genetic diversity at the albumin locus
pp 229-236

GENETIC DIVERSITY - APPLICATIONS AND PROBLEMS OF COMPLEX CHARACTERS
pp 237-237

Significance of dermatoglyphics in studies of population genetic variation in man
pp 237-244

Polymorphisms of red-green vision among populations of the tropics
pp 245-252

Reductions in body size and the preservation of genetic variability in tropical populations
pp 253-262

Genetic isolates and the search for causal mechanisms of disease
pp 263-278

Index
pp 279-286

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Genetic Variation and its Maintenance

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