Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Books
  3. The Institutional Origins of Communal Violence
  • Cited by 26
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
August 2014
Print publication year:
2014
Online ISBN:
9781139235716
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139235716
Subjects:
Area Studies, Asian Studies, Politics and International Relations, Comparative Politics
Information

Book description

Why are transitions from authoritarian rule often marked by spikes in communal violence? Through examining Indonesia's recent transition to democracy, this book develops a novel theoretical explanation for this phenomenon that also accounts for why some communities are vulnerable to violence during such transitions while others are able to maintain order. Yuhki Tajima argues that repressive intervention by security forces in Indonesia during the authoritarian period rendered some communities dependent on the state to maintain intercommunal security, whereas communities with a more tenuous exposure to the state developed their own informal institutions to maintain security. As the coercive grip of the authoritarian regime loosened, communities that were more accustomed to state intervention were more vulnerable to spikes in communal violence until they developed informal institutions that were better adapted for less state intervention. To test the theory, Tajima employs extensive fieldwork in, and rigorous statistical evidence from, Indonesia as well as cross-national data.

Reviews

'In this book, Yuhki Tajima combines bold theorizing and painstaking analysis to draw profound lessons from the wave of violence that accompanied Indonesia’s democratic transition. Highlighting the interaction between state interventions and informal institutions, he makes a major contribution to our understanding of communal violence and order.'

Edward Aspinall - Australian National University, Canberra

'Yuhki Tajima joins the debate on collective violence in post-New Order Indonesia with a powerful deployment of village- and census-level data, careful theory construction, and process analysis of multiple local settings. This intelligent book promises to bring Indonesia to the center of broader scholarship on the origins of communal violence.'

Benjamin Smith - University of Florida

'In The Institutional Origins of Communal Violence, Yuhki Tajima skillfully links the shifting politics of government security policies to the eruption of communal violence in democratizing Indonesia. This book provides an important and creative new perspective on the intertwining of state and non-state violence.'

Paul Staniland - University of Chicago

'Tajima argues that ‘mismatches between formal and informal institutions’ explain violent conflict in post-New Order Indonesia. …The book offers a useful contribution by drawing attention to the importance of non-state, local forms of policing and conflict prevention that have been effective at preventing violence in the absence of state enforcement.'

Jacques Bertrand Source: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

Contents

Contents
References

Bibliography

Acciaioli, Greg. “From Customary Law to Indigenous Sovereignty.” In The Revival of Tradition in Indonesian Politics: The Deployment of Adat from Colonialism to Indigenism, edited by Jamie Seth Davidson and David Henley, 295–318. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2007.
Aditjondro, George. “Guns, Pamphlets and Handie-Talkies: How the Military Exploited Local Ethno-Religious Tensions in Maluku to Preserve Their Political and Economic Privileges.” In Violence in Indonesia, 100–28. Hamburg: Abera Verlag Markus Voss, 2001.
Alesina, Alberto, Arnaud Devleeschauwer, William Easterly, Sergio Kurlat, and Romain Wacziarg. “Fractionalization.” Journal of Economic Growth 8, no. 2 (2003): 155–94.
Ali, Muhamad. “Categorizing Muslims in Postcolonial Indonesia.” Moussans 11 (2007): 33–62.
Andaya, Barbara Watson. “Political Development Between the Sixteenth and Eighteenth Centuries.” In The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, Vol. 1, Part 2: 58–115. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Andaya, Leonard Y. “Cultural State Formation in Eastern Indonesia.” In Southeast Asia in the Early Modern Era, 23–41. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993.
Angrist, Joshua D., and Guido Imbens. “Average Causal Response with Variable Treatment Intensity.” Technical Paper no. 127 (June 1, 1995).
Antlöv, Hans. “Village Leaders and the New Order.” In Leadership on Java: Gentle Hints, Authoritarian Rule, edited by Hans Antlöv and Sven Cederroth, 73–96. Richmond, UK: Curzon Press, 1994.
Aragon, Lorraine V. “Communal Violence in Poso, Central Sulawesi: Where People Eat Fish and Fish Eat People.” Indonesia 72 (October 1, 2001): 45–79.
Aragon, Lorraine V.Fields of the Lord: Animism, Christian Minorities, and State Development in Indonesia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2000.
Aspinall, Edward. Islam and Nation: Separatist Rebellion in Aceh, Indonesia. Studies in Asian Security. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009.
Azevedo, Joao Pedro. Wbopendata: State Module to Access World Bank Databases. Statistical Software Components S457234. Boston: Boston College Department of Economics, 2011. http://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s457234.html.
Barker, Joshua. “Negara Beling: Street-Level Authority in an Indonesian Slum.” In State of Authority: The State in Society in Indonesia, edited by Gerry van Klinken and Joshua Barker, 47–72. Ithaca, NY: SEAP Publications, 2009.
Barker, Joshua. “State of Fear: Controlling the Criminal Contagion in Suharto’s New Order.” In Violence and the State in Suharto’s Indonesia, edited by Benedict Richard O’Gorman Anderson, 20–89. Ithaca, NY: SEAP Publications, 2001.
Barker, Joshua, and Gerry van Klinken. “Reflections on the State in Indonesia.” In State of Authority: The State in Society in Indonesia, edited by Gerry van Klinken and Joshua Barker, 17–45. Ithaca, NY: SEAP Publications, 2009.
Barron, Patrick, Kai Kaiser, and Menno Pradhan. “Understanding Variations in Local Conflict: Evidence and Implications from Indonesia.” World Development 37, no. 3 (March 2009): 698–713.
Bartels, Dieter. “Your God Is No Longer Mine: Moslem-Christian Fratricide in the Central Moluccas (Indonesia) After a Half-Millennium of Tolerant Co-Existence and Ethnic Unity.” In A State of Emergency: Violence, Society and the State in Eastern Indonesia, edited by Sandra Pannell, 128–53. Darwin: Northern Territory University Press, 2003.
Bartels, Dieter. “Guarding the Invisible Mountain: Intervillage Alliances, Religious Syncretism, and Ethnic Identity Among Ambonese Christians and Moslems in the Moluccas.” Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1978.
Bates, Robert. Prosperity and Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Bates, Robert H. “The Role of the State in Development.” In The Oxford Handbook of Political Economy, edited by Barry R. Weingast and Donald Wittman, 708–22. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Bates, Robert H.Essays on the Political Economy of Rural Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.
Bates, Robert H. “Modernization, Ethnic Competition and the Rationality of Politics in Contemporary Africa.” In State Versus Ethnic Claims: African Policy Dilemmas, edited by Donald Rothchild and Victor A. Olorunsola, 152–71. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1983.
Beissinger, Mark R.Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Benoit, Daniel, Patrice Levang, Marc Pain, and Olivier Sevin. Transmigration et Migrations Spontanees En Indonesie. Bondy, France: Orstom, 1989.
Bertrand, Jacques. Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Boone, Catherine. Political Topographies of the African State: Territorial Authority and Institutional Choice. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
BPS. “Podes 2003: Potensi Desa Village Census.” Badan Pusat Statistik, 2003.
BPS. “Population Census.” Badan Pusat Statistik, 2000.
Brancati, Dawn. “Decentralization: Fueling the Fire or Dampening the Flames of Ethnic Conflict and Secessionism?” International Organization 60, no. 3 (August 9, 2006): 651–85.
Brass, Paul R.Theft of an Idol: Text and Context in the Representation of Collective Violence. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997.
Braten, Eldar. “Against Community, Beyond Humanity: Grasping ‘Violence’ in Java.” In Violence and Vengeance: Discontent and Conflict in New Order Indonesia, edited by Frans Hüsken and Huub de Jonge, 11–30. Saarbrucken, Germany: Verlag für Entwicklungspolitik, 2002.
Braudel, Fernand. The Perspective of the World. 1st U.S. ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1984.
Bubandt, Nils. “Vernacular Security: The Politics of Feeling Safe in Global, National and Local Worlds.” Security Dialogue 36, no. 3 (2005): 275–96.
Bubandt, Nils. “Malukan Apocalypse: Themes in the Dynamics of Violence in Eastern Indonesia.” In Violence in Indonesia, 228–53. Hamburg: Abera Verlag Markus Voss, 2001.
Bunce, Valerie. Subversive Institutions. Cambridge Series in Comparative Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Chandra, Kanchan, “What Is Ethnic Identity and Does It Matter?,” Annual Review of Political Science 9, no. 1 (2006): 397–424.
Chiba, Sachiko, and Nobuto Ariyoshi. Black September in East Timor. NHK, 2000.
Collier, Paul, and Anke Hoeffler. Greed and Grievance in Civil War. Centre for the Study of African Economies Working Paper Series, 2002.
Collins, Kathleen. Clan Politics and Regime Transition in Central Asia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Colombijn, Freek. “Maling! Maling! The Lynching of Petty Criminals.” In Roots of Violence in Indonesia: Contemporary Violence in Historical Perspective, edited by Freek Colombijn and J. Thomas Lindblad, 299–329. Leiden: KITLV, 2002.
Colson, Elizabeth. The Plateau Tonga of Northern Rhodesia: Social and Religious Studies. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1962.
Cox, D. R. “Partial Likelihood.” Biometrika 62, no. 2 (August 1, 1975): 269–76.
Cribb, Robert. Gangsters and Revolutionaries: The Jakarta People’s Militia and the Indonesian Revolution, 1945–1949. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1991.
Crouch, Harold. The Army and Politics in Indonesia. Singapore: Equinox Publishing, 2007.
Davenport, Christian. State Repression and the Domestic Democratic Peace. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Davidson, Jamie. From Rebellion to Riots: Collective Violence on Indonesian Borneo. Singapore: NUS Press, 2008.
Derluguian, Georgi. Bourdieu’s Secret Admirer in the Caucasus: A World-System Biography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
Diprose, Rachael. “A Comparison of Communal Conflict Dynamics and Sub-National Patterns of Violence in Indonesia and Nigeria: Central Sulawesi Province and Kaduna State.” D.Phil., University of Oxford, 2012.
Duncan, Christopher. “The Other Maluku: Chronologies of Conflict in North Maluku.” Indonesia 80 (October 2005): 53–80.
Duncan, Christopher R. “Reconciliation and Revitalization: The Resurgence of Tradition in Postconflict Tobelo, North Maluku, Eastern Indonesia.” The Journal of Asian Studies 68, no. 4 (2009): 1077–104.
Evans-Pritchard, E. E.The Nuer: A Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Institutions of a Nilotic People. London: Oxford University Press, 1968.
Fasseur, C.The Politics of Colonial Exploitation: Java, the Dutch, and the Cultivation System. Translated by Robert Edward Elson and Ary Kraal. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992.
Fasseur, Cees. “Colonial Dilemma: Van Vollenhoven and the Struggle Between Adat Law and Western Law in Indonesia.” In The Revival of Tradition in Indonesian Politics: The Deployment of Adat from Colonialism to Indigenism, edited by Jamie Seth Davidson and David Henley, 50–67. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2007.
Fearon, James D., and David D. Laitin. “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War.” American Political Science Review 97, no. 1 (2003): 75–90.
Fearon, James D., and David D. Laitin. “Explaining Interethnic Cooperation.” The American Political Science Review 90, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 715–35.
Fitzpatrick, Daniel. “Land, Custom, and the State in Post-Suharto Indonesia.” In The Revival of Tradition in Indonesian Politics: The Deployment of Adat from Colonialism to Indigenism, edited by Jamie Seth Davidson and David Henley, 130–48. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2007.
Foster, James, Joel Greer, and Erik Thorbecke. “A Class of Decomposable Poverty Measures.” Econometrica 52, no. 3 (May 1, 1984): 761–66.
Fukuyama, Francis. State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century. New York: Cornell University Press, 2004.
Furnivall, J. S.Colonial Policy and Practice: A Comparative Study of Burma and Netherlands India. New York: New York University Press, 1956.
Furnivall, J. S.Netherlands India: A Study of Plural Economy. New York: MacMillan, 1944.
Garthoff, Raymond L.The Great Transition: American-Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War. Brookings Institution Press, 1994.
Geertz, Clifford. The Religion of Java. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.
Geertz, Clifford. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books, 1973.
Gluckman, Max. Custom and Conflict in Africa. Glencoe, IL: Basil Blackwell & Mott, Ltd., 1959.
Gurr, Ted Robert. Minorities at Risk: A Global View of Ethnopolitical Conflicts. United States Institute of Peace Press, 1993.
Habyarimana, James, Macartan Humphreys, Daniel Posner, and Jeremy Weinstein. “Why Does Ethnic Diversity Undermine Public Goods Provision?” American Political Science Review 101, no. 4 (2007): 709–25.
Hasan, Noorhaidi. Laskar Jihad: Islam, Militancy, and the Quest for Identity in Post–New Order Indonesia. Ithaca: SEAP Publications, 2006.
Hechter, Michael, and William Brustein. “Regional Modes of Production and Patterns of State Formation in Western Europe.” American Journal of Sociology 85, no. 5 (March 1, 1980): 1061–94.
Hefner, Robert W. “Global Violence and Indonesian Muslim Politics.” American Anthropologist 104, no. 3 (September 2002): 754–65.
Hefner, Robert W.Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.
Hegre, Håvard, Tanja Ellingsen, Scott Gates, and Nils Petter Gleditsch. “Toward a Democratic Civil Peace? Democracy, Political Change, and Civil War, 1816–1992.” American Political Science Review 95, no. 1 (2001): 33–48. doi:null.
Helmke, Gretchen, and Steven Levitsky. “Introduction.” In Informal Institutions and Democracy: Lessons from Latin America, edited by Gretchen Helmke and Steven Levitsky, 1–30. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.
Henley, David, and Jamie S. Davidson. “Introduction.” In The Revival of Tradition in Indonesian Politics: The Deployment of Adat from Colonialism to Indigenism, edited by Jamie Seth Davidson and David Henley, 1–50. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2007.
Herbst, Jeffrey. States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000.
Hidayat, Syarif. “‘Shadow State’? Business and Politics in the Province of Banten.” In Renegotiating Boundaries: Local Politics in Post-Suharto Indonesia, edited by Henk Schulte Nordholt and Gerry van Klinken, 203–24. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2007.
Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan. New York: Touchstone, 2008.
Honna, Jun. Military Politics and Democratization in Indonesia. New York: Routledge Curzon, 2003.
Hooker, M. B.Adat Law in Modern Indonesia. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.
Horowitz, Donald L.The Deadly Ethnic Riot. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.
Horowitz, Donald L.Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.
HRW. “Breakdown: Four Years of Communal Violence in Central Sulawesi.” Human Rights Watch 14, no. 9 (December 2002).
HRW. “The Violence in Ambon.” Human Rights Watch 11, no. 1 (1999).
HRW. Communal Violence in West Kalimantan. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1997.
Huntington, Samuel P.The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.
ICG. “Indonesia: Tackling Radicalism in Poso.” Asia Briefing no. 75 (January 22, 2008).
ICG. “Weakening Indonesia’s Mujahidin Networks: Lessons from Maluku and Poso.” ICG Asia Report no. 103 (2005).
ICG. “Indonesia Backgrounder: Jihad in Central Sulawesi.” ICG Asia Report no. 74 (February 3, 2004).
ICG. “Indonesia: The Search for Peace in Maluku.” ICG Asia Report no. 31 (2002).
ICG. Communal Violence in Indonesia: Lessons from Kalimantan. ICG Asia Report. Brussels: International Crisis Group, 2001.
ICG. “Indonesia: Overcoming Murder and Chaos in Maluku.” ICG Asia Report no. 10 (December 19, 2000).
Jackson, Karl D.Traditional Authority, Islam, and Rebellion: A Study of Indonesian Political Behavior. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.
Jetschke, Anja. Human Rights and State Security: Indonesia and the Philippines. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2011.
Kalyvas, Stathis N.The Logic of Violence in Civil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Kaufmann, Chaim. “Possible and Impossible Solutions to Ethnic Civil Wars.” International Security 20, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 136–75.
Keeley, Lawrence H.War Before Civilization. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
King, Gary, Robert O. Keohane, and Sidney Verba. Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.
Kingston, Jeffrey. “The Manipulation of Tradition in Java’s Shadow: Transmigration, Decentralization, and the Ethical Policy in Colonial Lampung.” Dissertation, Columbia University, 1987.
Kivimäki, Timo. US-Indonesian Hegemonic Bargaining: Strength of Weakness. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2003.
Kreutz, Joakim, and Kristine Eck. “Regime Transition and Communal Violence.” In 52nd International Studies Association Meeting. Montreal: All Academic Research, 2011.
Leahy, Patrick, Tom Harkin, Jim Jeffords, and Paul Wellstone. Leahy (and Others) Amendment No. 2288, 1994.
Lev, Daniel S. “Colonial Law and the Genesis of the Indonesian State.” Indonesia 40 (October 1, 1985): 57–74.
Levi, Margaret. Of Rule and Revenue. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.
Lijphart, Arend. Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977.
Locke, John. “The Second Treatise of Government.” In Political Writings, 261–387. New York: Penguin Books, 1993.
MacDougall, John. “Criminality and the Political Economy of Security in Lombok.” In Renegotiating Boundaries: Local Politics in Post-Suharto Indonesia, edited by Henk Schulte Nordholt and Gerry van Klinken, 281–304. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2007.
March, James G., and Johan P. Olsen. Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989.
Marshall, Monty, Keith Jaggers, and Ted Robert Gurr. “Polity IV Project: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800–2010.” Center for Systemic Peace, November 12, 2010.
Masuara, Mahfud, and Arianto Sangaji. “Pengungkapan Korupsi Dana Kemanusiaan Poso.” Yayasan Tanah Merdeka, December 2005. http://ytm.or.id/v2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=56&Itemid=45.
McAdam, Doug. Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930–1970. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.
McRae, Dave. “Blood Money: Links Between Corruption and Violence in Poso.” Inside Indonesia 85 (March 2006).
McRae, David G. “The Escalation and Decline of Violent Conflict in Poso, Central Sulawesi, 1998–2007.” Ph.D. Dissertation, Australian National University, 2008.
Meliala, Adrianus. “Police as Military: Indonesia’s Experience.” Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management 24, no. 3 (2001): 420–31.
Mietzner, Marcus. Military Politics, Islam, and the State in Indonesia: From Turbulent Transition to Democratic Consolidation. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2009.
Migdal, Joel. Strong Societies and Weak States. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.
Migdal, Joel S.State in Society: Studying How States and Societies Transform and Constitute One Another. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Mühlhäusler, Peter. Linguistic Ecology: Language Change and Linguistic Imperialism in the Pacific Region. London: Routledge, 1996.
Murray, Michael P. “Avoiding Invalid Instruments and Coping with Weak Instruments.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 20, no. 4 (Fall 2006): 111–32.
North, Douglass C.Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Petersen, Roger D.Understanding Ethnic Violence: Fear, Hatred, and Resentment in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe. Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Petersen, Roger D.Resistance and Rebellion: Lessons from Eastern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Posen, Barry. “The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict.” Ethnic Conflict and International Security 35, no. 1 (1993): 27–47.
Posner, Daniel. Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa. Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Pringle, Robert. Understanding Islam in Indonesia: Politics and Diversity. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2010.
Przeworski, Adam, Michael Alvarez, José Antonio Cheibub, and Fernando Limongi. Democracy and Development: Politcal Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950–1990. Cambridge Studies in the Theory of Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Rabasa, Angel, and John B. Haseman. The Military and Democracy in Indonesia: Challenges, Politics, and Power. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2002.
Radelet, Steven, and Jeffrey Sachs. “The Onset of the East Asian Financial Crisis.” In Currency Crises, edited by Paul R. Krugman, 105–62. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
Reardon, Sean F., and Glenn Firebaugh. “Measures of Multigroup Segregation.” Sociological Methodology 32, no. 1 (2002): 33–67.
Ricklefs, M. C.A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
Risse, Thomas, and Kathryn Sikkink. “The Socialization of International Human Rights Norms into Domestic Practices: Introduction.” In The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change, edited by Thomas Risse, Stephen Ropp, and Kathryn Sikkink, 1–38. Cambridge Studies in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Ross, Michael. “Resources and Rebellion in Aceh, Indonesia.” In Understanding Civil War: Evidence and Analysis. Washington: World Bank Publications, 2005.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Discourse on the Origin of Inequality. Minneapolis: Filiquarian Publishing, LLC, 2007.
Ryter, Loren. “Pemuda Pancasila: The Last Loyalist Free Men of Suharto’s Order?” In Violence and the State in Suharto’s Indonesia, edited by Benedict Richard O’Gorman Anderson, 124–55. Ithaca, NY: SEAP Publications, 2001.
Schulte Nordholt, Nico. “Violence and the Anarchy of the Modern Indonesia State.” In Violence and Vengeance: Discontent and Conflict in New Order Indonesia, edited by Frans Husken and Huub de Jonge, 52–70. Saarbrucken, Germany: Verlag für Entwicklungspolitik, 2002.
Schwarz, Adam. A Nation in Waiting? Indonesia in the 1990s. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994.
Scott, James C.The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009.
Scott, James C.Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New edition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.
Sidel, John. “The Manifold Meanings of Displacement: Explaining Inter-Religious Violence, 1999–2001.” In Conflict, Violence, and Displacement in Indonesia, edited by Eva-Lotta E. Hedman, 29–60. Ithaca: SEAP Publications, 2008.
Sidel, John Thayer. Riots, Pogroms, Jihad: Religious Violence in Indonesia. Singapore: NUS Press, 2007.
Siegel, James T.Solo in the New Order: Language and Hierarchy in an Indonesian City. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
Sipress, Alan, and Ellen Nakashima. “Jakarta Tenure Offers Glimpse of Wolfowitz.” Washington Post, March 28, 2005.
Slamet-Velsink, Ina. “Traditional Leadership in Rural Java.” In Leadership on Java: Gentle Hints, Authoritarian Rule, edited by Hans Antlöv and Sven Cederroth, 33–56. Richmond, UK: Curzon Press, 1994.
Smith, Claire Q. “The Roots of Violence and Prospects for Reconciliation: A Case Study of Ethnic Conflict in Central Kalimantan.” World Bank Social Development Papers no. 23 (2005).
Snyder, Jack L.From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict. New York: Norton, 2000.
Starn, Orin. Nightwatch: The Politics of Protest in the Andes. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999.
Stewart, Frances. “Crisis Prevention: Tackling Horizontal Inequalities.” Oxford Development Studies 28, no. 3 (October 2000): 245–62. doi:10.1080/713688319.
Stewart, Frances, Graham Brown, and Luca Mancini. Why Horizontal Inequalities Matter: Some Implications for Measurement. CRISE Working Paper. Oxford: Oxford University, 2005.
Sundberg, Ralph, Kristine Eck, and Joakim Kreutz. “Introducing the UCDP Non-State Conflict Dataset.” Journal of Peace Research 49, no. 2 (April 11, 2012): 351–62.
Tajima, Yuhki. “The Institutional Basis of Intercommunal Order: Evidence from Indonesia’s Democratic Transition.” American Journal of Political Science 57, no. 1 (2013): 104–19.
Tajima, Yuhki. “Explaining Ethnic Violence in Indonesia: Demilitarizing Domestic Security.” In Collective Violence in Indonesia, edited by Ashutosh Varshney, 99–118. New York: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2010.
Tajima, Yuhki. “Explaining Ethnic Violence in Indonesia: Demilitarizing Domestic Security.” Journal of East Asian Studies 8, no. 3 (September 2008): 451–72.
Tambiah, Stanley J.Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist Conflicts and Collective Violence in South Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
Tanter, Richard. “The Totalitarian Ambition: Intelligence Organisations in the Indonesian State.” In State and Civil Society in Indonesia, edited by Arief Budiman, 213–88. Clayton: Monash University Press, 1990.
Tavernise, Sabrina, and Karim Hilmi. “In Mixed Slice of Baghdad, Old Bonds Defy War.” The New York Times, November 13, 2007, sec. International / Middle East. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/13/world/middleeast/13baghdad.html?hp.
Taylor, Michael. Community, Anarchy, and Liberty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Tir, Jaroslav, and Michael Jasinski. “Domestic-Level Diversionary Theory of War Targeting Ethnic Minorities.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 52, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 641–64.
Toft, Monica Duffy. The Geography of Ethnic Violence: Identity, Interests, and the Indivisibility of Territory. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.
Uhlin, Anders. Post-Soviet Civil Society: Democratization in Russia and the Baltic States. 1st ed. Routledge, 2006.
Van der Kroef, Justus. “‘Petrus’: Patterns of Prophylactic Murder in Indonesia.” Asian Survey 25, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 745–59.
Van Dijk, Kees. “The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly Explaining the Unexplainable: Amuk Massa in Indonesia.” In Roots of Violence in Indonesia: Contemporary Violence in Historical Perspective, 277–97. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2002.
Van Dijk, Kees. “The Privatization of Public Order: Relying on the Satgas.” In Violence in Indonesia, 152–67. Hamburg: Abera Verlag Markus Voss, 2001.
Van Klinken, Gerry. Communal Violence and Democratization in Indonesia: Small Town Wars. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2007.
Van Klinken, Gerry. “The Maluku Wars: Bringing Society Back In.” Indonesia 71 (April 2001): 1–26.
Varshney, Ashutosh. Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life? Hindus and Muslims in India. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.
Varshney, Ashutosh, Rizal Panggabean, and Mohammad Zulfan Tadjoeddin. Patterns of Collective Violence in Indonesia (1990–2003). UNSFIR Working Paper. Jakarta: United Nations, July 2004.
Wahyono, S Bayu, Akhmad Zaini Abar, Tulus Subardjono, Saifuddin Zuhri, and Jefta Leibo. Refungsionalisasi Komando Teritorial TNI. Yogyakarta: Inpedham, 2001.
Weber, Max. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997.
Welsh, Bridget. “Local and National: Lynch Mobs in Indonesia.” In Collective Violence in Indonesia, edited by Ashutosh Varshney, 119–44. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2010.
Wilkinson, Steven I.Votes and Violence: Electoral Competition and Ethnic Riots in India. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Wilson, Chris. Ethno-Religious Violence in Indonesia: From Soil to God. New York: Routledge, 2008.
Wilson, Ian D. “The Politics of Inner Power: The Practice of Pencak Silat in West Java.” Murdoch University, 2002.
World Bank. World Development Indicators. Washington, DC, 2012.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.