Margaret Cavendish's 1668 edition of Observations upon Experimental Philosophy, presented here in a 2001 edition, holds a unique position in early modern philosophy. Cavendish rejects the Aristotelianism which was taught in the universities in the seventeenth century, and the picture of nature as a grand machine which was propounded by Hobbes, Descartes and members of the Royal Society of London, such as Boyle. She also rejects the views of nature which make reference to immaterial spirits. Instead she develops an original system of organicist materialism, and draws on the doctrines of ancient Stoicism to attack the tenets of seventeenth-century mechanical philosophy. Her treatise is a document of major importance in the history of women's contributions to philosophy and science.

"Eileen O'Neill's edition of the 1668 edition of this text (the first was printed in 1666) will go a long way to making Cavendish accessible to a modern audience. O'Neill's edition of the Observations is textually impeccable." Isis

"This is a significant, and welcome addition to scholarship." Philosophy in Review