Bibliography
Abrajano, Marisa A. 2015. “Reassessing the racial gap in political knowledge.” Journal of Politics 77(1):44–54.
Abrajano, Marisa and Hajnal, Zoltan L. 2015. White backlash: Immigration, race, and American politics. Princeton University Press.
Ahler, Douglas J., and Sood, Gaurav. 2018. “The parties in our heads: Misperceptions about party composition and their consequences.” The Journal of Politics 80(3):964–981. URL: https://doi.org/10.1086/697253 Allcott, Hunt and Gentzkow, Matthew. 2017. “Social media and fake news in the 2016 election.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 31(2):211–236.
Allport, Gordon. 1954. The Nature of Prejudice. Basic Books.
Anspach, Nicolas M., and Carlson, Taylor N.. 2018. “What to believe? Social media commentary and belief in misinformation.” Political Behavior pp. 1–22.
Aziz, Sahar F. 2017. “A Muslim registry: The precursor to internment.” BYU Law Review p. 779.
Barberá, Pablo. 2018. Explaining the spread of misinformation on social media: Evidence from the 2016 US presidential election. In Symposium: Fake News and the Politics of Misinformation. American Political Science Association Comparative Politics Newsletter.
Barkan, Steven E., and Cohn, Steven F.. 2005. “Why whites favor spending more money to fight crime: The role of racial prejudice.” Social Problems 52(2):300–314.
Bartels, Larry M. 1996. “Uninformed votes: Information effects in presidential elections.” American Journal of Political Science pp. 194–230.
Bartels, Larry M. 2000. “Partisanship and voting behavior, 1952–1996.” American Journal of Political Science pp. 35–50.
Benegal, Salil D. 2018. “The spillover of race and racial attitudes into public opinion about climate change.” Environmental Politics 27(4):733–756.
Berelson, Bernard R., Lazarsfeld, Paul F., and McPhee, William N.. 1954. Voting: A Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign. University of Chicago Press.
Berg, Charles Ramirez. 1990. “Stereotyping in films in general and of the Hispanic in particular.” Howard Journal of Communications 2(3):286–300.
Berg, Charles Ramirez. 2002. Latino Images in Film: Stereotypes, Subversion and Resistance. University of Texas Press.
Berinsky, Adam. 2015. “Rumors and health care reform: Experiments in political misinformation.” British Journal of Political Science 47(2):241–262.
Bobo, Lawrence D., and Johnson, Devon. 2004. “A taste for punishment: Black and white Americans’ views on the death penalty and the war on drugs.” Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 1(1):151–180.
Bobo, Lawrence D., Jr.Oliver, Melvin L., Johnson, James H. and Jr.Valenzuela, Abel 2000. Prismatic Metropolis: Inequality in Los Angeles. Russell Sage Foundation.
Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2015. The Structure of Racism in color-blind, “post-racial” America. Sage Publications: Los Angeles, CA.
Boussalis, Constantine and Coan, Travis G.. 2017. “Elite polarization and correcting misinformation in the “post-truth era” Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. 6(4): 405–408.”.
Budak, Ceren, Goel, Sharad and Rao, Justin M.. 2016. “Fair and balanced? Quantifying media bias through crowdsourced content analysis.” Public Opinion Quarterly 80(S1):250–271.
Calfano, Brian. 2018. Muslims, Identity, and American Politics. Routledge.
Calfano, Brian Robert, Lajevardi, Nazita and Michelson, Melissa R.. 2017. “Trumped up challenges: limitations, opportunities, and the future of political research on Muslim Americans.” Politics, Groups, and Identities pp. 1–11.
Campbell, Angus, Converse, Philip E., Miller, Warren E. and Stokes, Donald E.. 1960. The American Voter. University of Chicago Press.
Carlson, Matt. 2018. “Fake news as an informational moral panic: the symbolic deviancy of social media during the 2016 US presidential election.” Information, Communication & Society pp. 1–15.
Carlson, Taylor, Abrajano, Marisa and Bedolla, Lisa Garcia. 2020. Talking Politics: Political Discussion Networks and the New American Electorate. Oxford University Press.
Carlson, Taylor N. 2019. “Through the grapevine: Informational consequences of interpersonal political communication.” American Political Science Review 113(2):325–339.
Cassiman, Shawn A. 2008. “Resisting the neo-liberal poverty discourse: On constructing deadbeat dads and welfare queens.” Sociology Compass 2(5):1690–1700.
Chakraborty, Jayajit, Maantay, Juliana A and Brender, Jean D. 2011. “Disproportionate proximity to environmental health hazards: Methods, models, and measurement.” American Journal of Public Health 101(S1):S27–S36.
Chavez, Leo Ralph. 2001. Covering Immigration: Popular Images and the Politics of the Nation. University of California Press Berkeley.
Chavez, Leo. 2008. The Latino Threat: Constructing Immigrants, Citizens and the Nation. Stanford University Press.
Chavez, Leo. 2013. The Latino threat: Constructing Immigrants, Citizens, and the Nation. Stanford University Press.
Cohen, Cathy J. 1999. The Boundaries of Blackness: AIDS and the Breakdown of Black Politics. University of Chicago Press.
Collingwood, Loren, Lajevardi, Nazita and Oskooii, Kassra AR. 2018. “A change of heart? Why individual-level public opinion shifted against Trump’s ‘Muslim Ban’.” Political Behavior 40(4):1035–1072.
Collins, Patricia Hill. 2002. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. Routledge.
Dahl, Robert. 1971. “Polyarchy: participation and opposition.” New Haven.
Dahl, Robert Alan. 1989. Democracy and Its Critics. Yale University Press.
Dalisay, Francis and Tan, Alexis. 2009. “Assimilation and contrast effects in the priming of Asian American and African American stereotypes through TV exposure.” Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 86(1):7–22.
Davis, Joshua T. 2019. “Funding God’s policies, defending whiteness: Christian nationalism and whites’ attitudes towards racially-coded government spending.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 42(12):2123–2142.
Dawson, Michael C. 1995. Behind the Mule: Race and Class in African-American Politics. Princeton University Press.
Carpini, Delli, Delli, Michael X. and Keeter, Scott. 1996. What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters. Yale University Press.
Dovidio, J. F., and Gaertner, S. L. (eds.). 1986. Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism. Academic Press.
Druckman, James N. 2004. “Political preference formation: Competition, deliberation, and the (Ir)relevance of framing effects.” American Political Science Review 98(4):671–686.
Enders, Adam M and Scott, Jamil S. 2019. “The increasing racialization of American electoral politics, 1988–2016.” American Politics Research 47(2):275–303.
Enos, Ryan D. 2014. “Causal effect of intergroup contact on exclusionary attitudes.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(10): 3699–3704. URL: www.pnas.org/content/111/10/3699 Eric Oliver, J and Wong, Janelle. 2003. “Intergroup prejudice in multiethnic settings.” American journal of political science 47(4):567–582.
Fearon, James D. 1999. “Electoral accountability and the control of politicians: selecting good types versus sanctioning poor performance.” Democracy, Accountability, and Representation 55: 61.
Flynn, D. J., Nyhan, Brendan and Reifler, Jason. 2017. “The nature and origins of misperceptions: Understanding false and unsupported beliefs about politics.” Political Psychology 38: 127–150.
Fong, Timothy. 1998. The Contemporary Asian American Experience: Beyond the Model Minority. Prentice Hall.
Fujioka, Yuki. 1999. “Television portrayals and African-American stereotypes: Examination of television effects when direct contact is lacking.” Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 76(1):52–75.
García Bedolla, Lisa. 2005. Fluid Borders: Latino Power, Identity, and Politics in Los Angeles. Univ of California Press.
García Bedolla, Lisa. 2015. Latino Politics. Polity: UK.
Zúñiga, Gil de, Homero, Teresa Correa and Valenzuela, Sebastian. 2012. “Selective exposure to cable news and immigration in the U.S.: The relationship between FOX News, CNN, and attitudes toward Mexican immigrants.” Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 56(4):597–615. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2012.732138 Gilens, Martin. 1996. “Race coding” and white opposition to welfare.” American Political Science Review 90(3):593–604.
Gilens, Martin. 2001. “Political ignorance and collective policy preferences.” American Political Science Review 95(2):379–396.
Gilens, Martin. 2009. Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy. University of Chicago Press.
Giliam, Frank and Iyengar, Shanto. 2000. “Prime suspects: The influence of local television news on the viewing public.” American Journal of Political Science. 44(3): 560–573.
Jr. Gilliam, Franklin D. 1999. “The “welfare queen” experiment.” Nieman Reports 53(2):49.
Jr. Gilliam, Franklin D., Iyengar, Shanto, Simon, Adam and Wright, Oliver. 1996. “Crime in black and white: The violent, scary world of local news.” Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 1(3):6–23.
Goldberg, David Theo. 2002. The Racial State. Blackwell Publishing.
Gonzalez O’Brien, Benjamin, Barreto, Matt A. and Sanchez, Gabriel R.. 2020. “They’re all out to get me! Assessing inter-group competition among multiple populations.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 8(5):867–893.
Green, Donald, Palmquist, Bradley and Schickler, Eric. 2002. Partisan Hearts and Minds: Political Parties and the Social Identities of Voters. Yale University Press.
Green, Eva G. T., Staerkle, Christian and Sears, David O.. 2006. “Symbolic racism and Whites’ attitudes towards punitive and preventive crime policies.” Law and Human Behavior 30(4):435–454.
Greenberg, Bradley S., Mastro, Dana and Brand, Jeffrey E.. 2002. “Minorities and the mass media: Television into the 21st century.” Media effects: Advances in Theory and Research pp. 333–351.
Grinberg, Nir, Joseph, Kenneth, Friedland, Lisa, Swire-Thompson, Briony and Lazer, David. 2019. “Fake news on Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election.” Science 363(6425):374–378.
Gutierrez, Lorraine M. 1995. “Understanding the empowerment process: Does consciousness make a difference?” Social Work Research 19(4):229–237.
Hamamoto, Darrell Y. 1994. Monitored Peril: Asian Americans and the Politics of TV Representation. University of Minnesota Press.
Harris, Allison P., Walker, Hannah L. and Eckhouse, Laurel. 2020. “No justice, no peace: political science perspectives on the American carceral state.” Journal of Race, Ethnicity and Politics 5(3):427–449.
Hochschild, Jennifer and Einstein, Katherine Levine. 2015 a. “‘It isn’t what we don’t know that gives us trouble, it’s what we know that ain’t so’: Misinformation and democratic politics.” British Journal of Political Science 45(3):467–475.
Hochschild, Jennifer L., and Einstein, Katherine Levine. 2015 b. Do facts matter?: Information and misinformation in American politics. Vol. 13. University of Oklahoma Press.
Huckfeldt, Robert and Sprague, John. 1987. “Networks in context: The social flow of political information.” American Political Science Review 81(4):1197–1216.
Hunt, Darnell and Ramon, Ana-Christina. 2010. Black Los Angeles: American dreams and racial realities. New York University Press.
Hunt, Darnell M. 1999. OJ Simpson facts and fictions: News rituals in the construction of reality. Cambridge University Press.
Hunt, Darnell M. 2005. Channeling blackness: Studies on television and race in America. Oxford University Press, USA.
Hurwitz, Jon and Peffley, Mark. 2005. “Playing the race card in the post–Willie Horton era: The impact of racialized code words on support for punitive crime policy.” Public Opinion Quarterly 69(1):99–112.
Jackson, Jenn M. 2019. “Black Americans and the “crime narrative”: comments on the use of news frames and their impacts on public opinion formation.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 7(1):231–241.
Jamal, Amaney. 2009. “The Racialization of Muslim Americans.” Muslims in Western Politics pp. 200–215.
Jardina, Ashley and Traguott, Michael. 2019. “The genesis of the birther rumor: Partisanship, racial attitudes, and political knowledge.” Journal of Race, Ethnicity and Politics 4(1):60–80.
Jones-Correa, Michael. 1998. Between two nations: The political predicament of Latinos in New York City. Cornell University Press.
Jost, J. T., Glaser, J. Kruglanski, A. W., and Sulloway, F. J. 2003. “Political conservatism as motivated social cognition.” Psychological Bulletin 129(3):339–375.
Junn, Jane and Masuoka, Natalie. 2008. “Asian American identity: Shared racial status and political context.” Perspectives on Politics pp. 729–740.
Key, V. O. 1966. The responsible electorate. Harvard University Press.
Kim, Claire Jean. 1999. “The racial triangulation of Asian Americans.” Politics & Society 27(1):105–138.
Kim, Claire Jean. 2000. “Playing the racial trump card: Asian Americans in contemporary US politics.” Amerasia Journal 26(3):35–65.
Kim, Claire Jean. 2018. “Are Asians the New Blacks?: Affirmative action, anti-blackness, and the ‘sociometry’of race.” Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 15(2):217–244.
Kim, Minjeong and Chung, Angie. 2005. “Consuming orientalism: Images of Asian/American women in multicultural advertising.” Qualitative Sociology 28(1):67–91.
Kinder, Donald and Sears, David O.. 1981. “Prejudice and politics: Symbolic racism versus racial threats to the good life.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(3):414–431.
Kinder, Donald and Kalmoe, Nathan P. 2017. Neither Liberal nor Conservative: Ideological innocence in the American public. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kinder, Donald and Sanders, Lynn M.. 1996. Divided by race: Racial politics and democratic ideals. University of Chicago Press.
Klofstad, Casey A. 2010. “The Lasting Effect of Civic Talk on Civic Participation: Evidence from a Panel Study.” Social Forces 88(5):2353–2375. URL: https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2010.0047 Kozlovic, Anton Karl. 2007. “Islam, Muslims and Arabs in the popular Hollywood cinema.” Comparative Islamic Studies 3(2):213–246.
Kuklinski, James H., Quirk, Paul J., Jerit, Jennifer, Schwieder, David and Rich, Robert F.. 2000. “Misinformation and the currency of democratic citizenship.” Journal of Politics 62(3):790–816.
Lajevardi, Nazita. 2020. Outsiders at home: The politics of American Islamophobia. Cambridge University Press.
Lajevardi, Nazita, Oskooii, Kassra A. R. and Walker, Hannah L. 2020. “Social Media Information Consumption and Support for Anti-Muslim American Policy Proposals.” Working Paper.
Lajevardi, Nazita and Abrajano, Marisa. 2019. “How negative sentiment toward Muslim Americans predicts support for Trump in the 2016 Presidential Election.” Journal of Politics 81(1):296–302.
Larson, Stephanie G. 2006. Media & minorities: The Politics of race in news and entertainment. Rowan & Littlefield.
Lipsitz, George. 1998. The possessive investment in whiteness: How white people profit from identity politics. Temple University Press.
Lopez, Ian Haney. 1997. White by law: The legal construction of race. NYU Press.
Lupia, Arthur. 2016. Uninformed: Why people know so little about politics and what we can do about it. Oxford University Press.
Martin, Gregory J., and Yurukoglu, Ali. 2017. “Bias in cable news: Persuasion and polarization.” American Economic Review 107(9):2565–2599.
Mason, Lilliana. 2018. “Ideologues without issues: The polarizing consequences of ideological identities.” Public Opinion Quarterly 82(S1): 866–887.
McConahay, J. B. 1986. “Modern racism, ambivalence, and the Modern Racism Scale.” Modern racism, ambivalence, and the Modern Racism Scale, 40(Dovidio, J. F. & Gaertner, S. L. (eds.)):91–125.
Mendelberg, Tali. 2001. The race card: Campaign strategy, implicit messages, and the norm of equality. Princeton University Press.
Michener, Jamila. 2019. “Policy feedback in a racialized polity.” Policy Studies Journal 47(2):423–450.
Miller, Joanne M., Saunders, Kyle L. and Farhart, Christina E.. 2016. “Conspiracy endorsement as motivated reasoning: The moderating roles of political knowledge and trust.” American Journal of Political Science 60(4):824–844. URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ajps.12234 Min, Seong-Jae and Feaster, John C.. 2010. “Missing children in national news coverage: Racial and gender representations of missing children cases.” Communication Research Reports 27(3):207–216. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/08824091003776289 Mitchell, Joshua L., and Toner, Brendan. 2016. “Exploring the foundations of US state-level anti-sharia initiatives.” Politics and Religion 9(4):720–743.
Moses, Michele S., Maeda, Daryl J. and Paguyo, Christina H.. 2019. “Racial politics, resentment, and affirmative action: Asian Americans as ‘model’ college applicants.” The Journal of Higher Education 90(1):1–26.
Mutz, Diana C. 2002. “Cross-cutting social networks: Testing democratic theory in practice.” American Political Science Review 96(1):111–126.
Nacos, Brigette and Torres-Reyna, Oscar. 2007. Fueling our fears: Stereotyping, media coverage, and public opinion of Muslim Americans. Rowman and Littlefield.
Ngai, Mae M. 2014. Impossible subjects: Illegal aliens and the making of modern America. Updated ed. Vol. 105. Princeton University Press.
Nithyanand, Rishab, Schaffner, Brian and Gill, Phillipa. 2017. “Online political discourse in the Trump era.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1711.05303.
Nyhan, Brendan. 2010. Why the “death panel” myth wouldn’t die: Misinformation in the health care reform debate. In The Forum. Vol. 8. De Gruyter.
Nyhan, Brendan and Reifler, Jason. 2010. “When corrections fail: The persistence of political misperceptions.” Political Behavior 32(2):303–330.
Nyhan, Brendan and Reifler, Jason. 2015. “Estimating fact-checking’s effects.” Arlington, VA: American Press Institute.
Nyhan, Brendan, Reifler, Jason and Ubel, Peter A.. 2013. “The hazards of correcting myths about health care reform.” Medical Care pp. 127–132.
Ojeda, Christopher, Whitesell, Anne M, Berkman, Michael B and Plutzer, Eric. 2019. “Federalism and the Racialization of Welfare Policy.” State Politics & Policy Quarterly 19(4):474–501.
Oskooii, Kassra A. R, Dana, Karam and Barreto, Matthew A.. 2019. “Beyond generalized ethnocentrism: Islam-specific beliefs and prejudice toward Muslim Americans.” Politics, Groups, and Identities pp. 1–28.
Oskooii, Kassra A. R., Lajevardi, Nazita and Collingwood, Loren. 2019. “Opinion shift and stability: The information environment and long-lasting opposition to Trump’s Muslim ban.” Political Behavior pp. 1–37.
Parker, Christopher S. 2009. “When politics becomes protest: Black veterans and political activism in the postwar South.” The Journal of Politics 71(1):113–131.
Pask, Gordon. 1976. Conversation theory: Applications in education and epistemology. Elsevier.
Pearson, Adam R., Schuldt, Jonathon P., Romero-Canyas, Rainer, Ballew, Matthew T. and Larson-Konar, Dylan. 2018. “Diverse segments of the US public underestimate the environmental concerns of minority and low-income Americans.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115(49):12429–12434.
Peffley, Mark and Hurwitz, Jon. 2002. “The racial components of “race-neutral” crime policy attitudes.” Political Psychology 23(1):59–75.
Peffley, Mark, Hurwitz, Jon and Mondak, Jeffery. 2017. “Racial attributions in the justice system and support for punitive crime policies.” American Politics Research 45(6):1032–1058.
Pérez, Efren. 2016. Unspoken politics: Implicit attitudes and political thinking. Cambridge University Press.
Pérez, Efrén O. 2015. “Xenophobic rhetoric and its political effects on immigrants and their co-ethnics.” American Journal of Political Science 59(3):549–564.
Pettigrew, Thomas F. 1997. “Generalized intergroup contact effects on prejudice.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin pp. 173–185.
Popkin, Samuel L. 1994. The reasoning voter: Communication and persuasion in presidential campaigns. University of Chicago Press.
Reardon, Sean F., Fox, Lindsay and Townsend, Joseph. 2015. “Neighborhood income composition by household race and income, 1990–2009.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 660(1):78–97. URL: https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716215576104 Rippy, Alyssa E., and Newman, Elana. 2006. “Perceived religious discrimination and its relationship to anxiety and paranoia among Muslim Americans.” Journal of Muslim Mental Health 1(1):5–20.
Said, Edward. 1978 Orientalism. New York: Vintage
Santa Ana, Otto. 2002. Brown tide rising: Metaphors of Latinos in contemporary American public discourse. University of Texas Press.
Schaffner, Brian F., and Roche, Cameron. 2016. “Misinformation and motivated reasoning: Responses to economic news in a politicized environment.” Public Opinion Quarterly 81(1):86–110.
Schaffner, Brian F., and Luks, Samantha. 2018. “Misinformation or expressive responding? What an inauguration crowd can tell us about the source of political misinformation in surveys.” Public Opinion Quarterly 82(1):135–147. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfx042 Scheufele, Dietram A., and Krause, Nicole M.. 2019. “Science audiences, misinformation, and fake news.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116(16):7662–7669. URL: www.pnas.org/content/116/16/7662 Schumpeter, Joseph Alois. 1950. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. Harper and Brothers.
Sediqe, Nura A. 2020. “Stigma consciousness and American identity: The case of Muslims in the United States.” PS: Political Science & Politics pp. 1–5.
Segura, Gary M and Valenzuela, Ali A. 2010. “Hope, tropes, and dopes: Hispanic and white racial animus in the 2008 election.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 40(3):497–514.
Selod, Saher. 2015. “Citizenship denied: The racialization of Muslim American men and women post-9/11.” Critical Sociology 41(1):77–95.
Shaheen, Jack G. 2003. “Reel bad Arabs: How Hollywood vilifies a people.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 588(1):171–193.
Shaheen, Jack G. 2007. “Hollywood’s Muslim Arabs.” Muslim World 90(1):22–42.
Sides, John and Gross, Kimberly. 2013. “Stereotypes of Muslims and support for the war on terror.” The Journal of Politics 75(3):583–598.
Smith, Candis Watts. 2014. Black mosaic: The politics of Black pan-ethnic diversity. New York University Press.
Smith, Rogers M. 1997. Civic ideals: Conflicting visions of citizenship in US history. Yale University Press.
Smith, Rogers M. 2003. Stories of peoplehood: The politics and morals of political membership. Cambridge University Press.
Sunstein, Cass R. 2018. # Republic: Divided democracy in the age of social media. Princeton University Press.
Tate, Katherine. 1994. From protest to politics: The new black voters in American elections. Harvard University Press.
Taylor, Robert Joseph, Miller, Reuben, Mouzon, Dawne, Keith, Verna M. and Chatters, Linda M.. 2018. “Everyday discrimination among African American men: The impact of criminal justice contact.” Race and justice 8(2):154–177.
Tesler, Michael. 2016. Post-racial or most-racial?: Race and politics in the Obama Era. University of Chicago Press.
Tesler, Michael and Sears, David. 2010. Obama’s Race: The 2008 election and the dream of a post-racial America. University of Chicago Press.
Thomas, Susan L. 1998. “Race, gender, and welfare reform: The antinatalist response.” Journal of Black Studies 28(4):419–446.
Thornbury, Scott and Slade, Diana. 2006. Conversation: From description to pedagogy. Cambridge University Press.
Tyree, Tia. 2011. “African American stereotypes in reality television.” Howard Journal of Communications 22(4):394–413.
Valentino, Nicholas A., Brader, Ted and Jardina, Ashley E.. 2013 b. “Immigration opposition among US Whites: General ethnocentrism or media priming of attitudes about Latinos?” Political Psychology 34(2):149–166.
Walker, Hannah, Roman, Marcel and Barreto, Matt. 2020. “The ripple effect: The political consequences of proximal contact with immigration enforcement.” Journal of Race, Ethnicity and Politics 5(3):537–572.
Wallace, Sophia Jordán and Zepeda-Millán, Chris. 2020. Walls, cages, and family separation: Race and immigration policy in the Trump era. Cambridge University Press.
Waters, Mary C., Kasinitz, Philip and Asad, Asad L.. 2014. “Immigrants and African Americans.” Annual Review of Sociology 40: 369–390.
Weaver, Vesla M., and Lerman, Amy E.. 2010. “Political consequences of the carceral state.” American Political Science Review pp. 817–833.
Wetts, Rachel and Willer, Robb. 2018. “Privilege on the precipice: Perceived racial status threats lead White Americans to oppose welfare programs.” Social Forces 97(2):793–822.
Williamson, Scott. 2019. “Countering misperceptions to reduce prejudice: An experiment on attitudes toward Muslim Americans.” Journal of Experimental Political Science pp. 1–12.
Wilson, David C., Owens, Michael Leo and Davis, Darren W.. 2015. “How racial attitudes and ideology affect political rights for felons.” Du Bois Review 12(1):73.
Wood, Thomas and Porter, Ethan. 2019. “The elusive backfire effect: Mass attitudes’ steadfast factual adherence.” Political Behavior 41(1):135–163.
Yazdiha, Haj. 2014. “Law as movement strategy: How the Islamophobia movement institutionalizes fear through legislation.” Social Movement Studies 13(2):267–274.
Young, Iris Marion. 1990. Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton University Press.