The Holy Qur'an: English Translation of the Meanings and Commentary (Mecca: Presidency of Islamic Researches, Ifta, Call and Guidance, 1411 AH)
The Holy Qur'an, Text, Translation & Commentary by Abdullah Yusuf Ali (Lahore: Sheikh Muhammad Ashraf, 1990)
The Koran (trans. Arberry, A. J.) (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1966)
The Qur'an: Basic Teachings (trans. and ed. Irving, T. B., Ahmad, K., and Ahsan, M. M.) (Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 1979)
al-Haqq, Abd et al., Fatawa Haqqaniyya, compiled by Haqqani, Mukhtar Allah, 6 vols. (Akora Khattak: Jami`a Dar al-`Ulum Haqqaniyya, 2002)
Abdul Gafoor, A., Interest-Free Commercial Banking (Groningen: APPTEC, 1995)
Abiad, N., Sharia, Muslim States and International Human Rights Treaty Obligations: A Comparative Study (London: BIICL, 2008)
Afshar, H., Islam and Feminisms: An Iranian Case Study, Women's Studies in York (Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, 1998)
Afshari, R., ‘On Historiography of Human Rights: Reflections on Paul Gordon Lauren's The Evolution of International Human Rights: Visions Seen’, Human Rights Quarterly 29(1) (2007), 1–67
Afzalur-Rahman, M. A., Economic Doctrines of Islam (Lahore: Islamic Publications, 1974)
Agmon, I., ‘Muslim Women in Court According to the Sijill of Late Ottoman Jaffa and Haifa: Some Methodological Notes’, in Sonbol, A. A. (ed.), Women, the Family, and Divorce Laws in Islamic History (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1996), pp. 126–40
Ahmad, K., ‘Islamic Finance and Banking: The Challenge and Prospects’, Review of Islamic Economics 9 (2000), 57–82
Ahmad, M., (ed.), State, Politics, and Islam (Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1986)
Ahmad, N., ‘A Critical Appraisal of “Triple Talaq” in Islamic Law’, International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 23(1) (2009), 53–61
Ahmed, D., and Ginsburg, T., ‘Constitutional Islamization and Human Rights: The Surprising Origin and Spread of Islamic Supremacy in Constitutions’, Virginia Journal of International Law 54(3) (2013), 615–95
Ahmed, D., and Gouda, M., ‘Measuring Constitutional Islamization: The Islamic Constitutions Index’, Hastings International & Comparative Law Review 38(1) (2015), 1–76
Ahmed, F., and Norton, J., ‘Religious Tribunals, Religious Freedom, and Concern for Vulnerable Women’, Child & Family Law Quarterly 24 (2012), 363–88
Ahmed, J. (ed), Speeches and Writings of Mr. Jinnah (Lahore: Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, 1964)
Ahmed, L., Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992)
Ahmed, S. M., ‘Economics of Islam’, in Ahmed, S. M., Social Justice in Islam (Lahore: Institute of Islamic Culture, 1975)
Al-Alwani, T. J., Towards a Fiqh for Minorities: Some Basic Reflections (Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2003)
Al-Awa, M. S., On the Political System of the Islamic States (Indianapolis: American Trust Publications, 1980)
Al-Azri, K., ‘One or Three? Exploring the Scholarly Conflict over the Question of Triple Talaq (Divorce) in Islamic Law with Particular Emphasis on Oman’, Arab Law Quarterly 25(3) (2011), 277–96
Al-Diwany, T., Islamic Finance: What It Is and What It Could Be (Bolton: 1st Ethical Trust, 2010)
Al-Hibri, A., ‘Islamic and American Constitutional Law: Borrowing Possibilities or a History of Borrowing?’, University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 1 (1999), 492–527
Al-Hibri, A., ‘Islamic Constitutionalism and the Concept of Democracy’, Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 24(1) (1992), 3–10
Al-Hibri, A., ‘Islamic Constitutionalism and the Concept of Democracy’, in Dallmayr, F. (ed.), Border Crossings: Toward a Comparative Political Theory (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 1999), pp. 61–88
Al-Hibri, A., ‘Muslim Women's Rights in the Global Village: Opportunities and Challenges’, Journal of Law and Religion 15 (2001), 37–66
Al-Hibri, A., ‘A Study of Islamic Herstory: Or How Did We Ever get into This Mess?’, Women's Studies International Forum 5(2) (1982), pp. 201–19
Al-Jassar, J., ‘Regulatory Environment and Strategic Directions in Islamic Finance’ (Proceedings of the Fifth Harvard University Forum on Islamic Finance, Center for Middle Eastern Studies, 2000)
Al-Nagar, et al., One Hundred Questions & One Hundred Answers Concerning Islamic Banks (Cairo: IAIB, 1980)
Al-Qaradawi, Y., The Lawful and the Prohibited in Islam (London: al-Birr Foundation, 1960)
Al-Qaradawi, Y., On Muslim Minority Jurisprudence: The Life of Muslims in Other Societies (Cairo: Dar-al-Shuruq, 2001)
Al-Qurtubi, , Al-Kafi fi Fiqh Ahl-al-Madinah
Al-Haddad, Al-Tahir, Our Women in the Law and in Society (ed. Husni, R. and Newman, D.) (Routledge, 2007)
Ali, S. S., ‘Authority and Authenticity: Sharia Councils, Muslim Women's Rights and the English Courts’, Child and Family Law Quarterly 25(2) (2013), 113–37
Ali, S. S., ‘Behind the Cyberspace Veil: Online Fatwas on Women's Family Rights’, in Hellum, S., Ali, S. S. and Griffiths, A. (eds.), From Transnational Relations to Transnational Laws: Northern European Law at the Crossroads (London: Ashgate, 2010), pp. 125–46
Ali, S. S., ‘A Comparative Perspective of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Principles of Islamic Law’, in Protecting the World's Children: Impact of the Convention of the Rights of the Child in Diverse Legal Systems (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 142–208
Ali, S. S., A Comparative Study of the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: Islamic Law and Laws of Pakistan (Peshawar: Shaheen, 1995)
Ali, S. S. (ed.), Conceptualising Islamic Law: CEDAW and Women's Human Rights in Plural Legal Settings: A Comparative Analysis of the Application of CEDAW in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan (Delhi: UNIFEM Regional Office, 2006)
Ali, S. S., ‘Cyberspace as Emerging Muslim Discursive Space? Online Fatawa on Women and Gender Relations and Its Impact on Muslim Family Law Norms’, International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 24(3) (2010), 338–60
Ali, S. S., ‘From Muslim Migrants to Muslim Citizens: Islamic Law and Muslims in a Multi-faith Britain’, in Griffiths-Jones, R. (ed.), Islam in English Law: Rights and Responsibilities and the Role of Shari'a (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), pp. 157–75
Ali, S. S., Gender and Human Rights in Islam and International Law: Equal before Allah, Unequal before Man? (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2000)
Ali, S. S., ‘Interpretative Strategies for Women's Human Rights in a Plural Legal Framework: Exploring Judicial and State Responses to Hudood Laws in Pakistan’, Hellum, A., Stewart, J., Ali, S. S. and Tsanga, A. (eds.), Human Rights, Plural Legalities and Gendered Realities: Paths are Made by Walking (Harare: Weaver Books, 2006), pp. 381–406
Ali, S. S., ‘Is an Adult Muslim Woman Sui Juris? Some Reflections on the Concept of “Consent in Marriage” without a Wali (with Particular Reference to the Saima Waheed Case)’, Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law 3 (1996), 156–74
Ali, S. S., ‘Law, Islam and the Women's Movement in Pakistan’, in Rai, S. M. (ed.), Gender and Democratisation: International Perspectives (London: Routledge, 2000), pp. 41–63
Ali, S. S., ‘Overlapping Discursive Terrains of Culture, Law and Women's Rights: An Exploratory Study on Legal Pluralism at Play in Pakistan’, in Bennett, J. (ed.), Scratching the Surface: Democracy, Traditions, Gender (Lahore: Heinrich Böll, 2007), pp. 77–8
Ali, S. S., ‘Religious Pluralism, Human Rights and Citizenship in Europe’, in Leonon, M. L. P. and Goldschmidt, J. E. (eds.), Religious Pluralism and Human Rights in Europe (Utrecht: Intersentia, 2007), pp. 57–79
Ali, S. S., ‘Resurrecting Siyar through Fatwas? (Re)Constructing Islamic International Law in a Post-(Iraq) Invasion World’, Journal of Conflict and Security Law 14(1) (2009), 115–44
Ali, S. S., ‘Testing the Limits of Family Law Reform in Pakistan: A Critical Analysis of the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance 1961’, in Bainham, A. (ed.), International Survey of Family Law (Bristol: Jordan, 2002), pp. 317–35
Ali, S. S., ‘Women's Rights, CEDAW and International Human Rights Debates: Toward Empowerment?’, in Parpart, J. L., Rai, S. M. and Staudt, K. (eds.), Gender and Empowerment in a Local Global World (London: Routledge, 2002), pp. 61–78
Ali, S. S., and Rehman, J., ‘The Concept of Jihad in Islamic International Law’, Journal of Conflict and Security Law 10(3) (2005), 321–43
Ali, S. S., and Rehman, J., Indigenous Peoples and Ethnic Minorities of Pakistan: Constitutional and Legal Perspectives (Richmond: Curzon, 2001)
Alrasheed, A., ‘Sudanese Women in Exile: Islam, Politics and the State’, conference proceedings: Thinking Gender – the NEXT generation, 21–2 June 2006, e-paper no 1
An-Na'im, A. A., African Constitutionalism and the Role of Islam (Pennsylvania: Philadelphia University Press, 2006)
An-Na'im, A. A., ‘The Compatibility Dialectic: Mediating the Legitimate Coexistence of Islamic Law and State Law’, Modern Law Review 73(1) (2010), 1–29
An-Na'im, A. A., ‘Human Rights in the Arab World: A Regional Perspective’, Human Rights Quarterly 23 (2001), 701–32
An-Na'im, A. A., ‘An Inclusive Approach to the Mediation of Competing Human Rights Claims’, Constellations 20(1) (2013), 7–17
An-Na'im, A. A., Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Sharia (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008)
An-Na'im, A. A., ‘Islam, Islamic Law and the Dilemma of Cultural Legitimacy for Universal Human Rights’, in Welch, C. and Leary, V. (eds.), Asian Perspectives on Human Rights (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990), pp. 31–54
An-Na'im, A. A., ‘Islam, State and Politics’, paper presented at the Human Rights and Renewing of Religious Discourse conference, 18–20 April 2006, at the Swedish Institute, Alexandria
An-Na'im, A. A. (ed.), Islamic Family Law in a Changing World: A Global Resource Book (London: Zed Press, 2002)
An-Na'im, A. A., ‘A New Islamic Politics: Faith and Human Rights in the Middle East’, Foreign Affairs 75(3) (1996), 122–6
An-Na'im, A. A., Towards an Islamic Reformation: Civil Liberties, Human Rights and International Law (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1990)
An-Na'im, A. A., What Is an American Muslim? Embracing Faith and Citizenship (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014)
An-Na'im, A. A., ‘Why Should Muslims Abandon Jihad?’, Third World Quarterly 27 (2006), 785–97
Anderson, M. R., ‘Islamic Law and the Colonial Encounter in British India’, in Mallat, C. and Connors, J. (eds.), Islamic Family Law (London: Graham & Trotman, 1990), pp. 205–23
Anderson, N., Law Reform in the Muslim World (London: Athlone, 1976)
Arjomand, S. A., ‘The Constitution of Medina: A Sociolegal Interpretation of Muhammad's Acts of Foundation of the Umma’, International Journal of Middle East Studies 41 (2009), 555–75
Arjomand, S. A., ‘Islamic Constitutionalism’, Annual Review of Law and Social Sciences 3 (2007), 115–40
Arjomand, S. A., ‘Religion and Constitutionalism in Western History and in Modern Iran and Pakistan’, in Arjomand, S. A. (ed.), The Political Dimensions of Religion (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993), pp. 69–99
Arjomand, S. A., The Shadow of God and the Hidden Imam: Religion, Political Organization and Societal Change in Shi'ite Iran from the Beginning to 1890 (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1984)
Arkoun, M., Rethinking Islam: Common Questions, Uncommon Answers (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994)
Asad, M., The Principles of State and Government in Islam (Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, 1980)
Asad, T., Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993)
Asad, T., ‘The Idea of an Anthropology of Islam’, Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Washington, DC, occasional papers 14, 1986
Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development, A Digest of Case Law on the Human Rights of Women (Asia Pacific) (Chiangmai: APWLD, 2006, reprint)
Asutay, M., ‘Conceptualising and Locating the Social Failure of Islamic Finance: Aspirations of Islamic Moral Economy vs the Realities of Islamic Finance’, Asian and African Studies 11(2) (2012), 93–113
Asutay, M., ‘Political Economy Approach to Islamic Economics: Systemic Understanding for an Alternative Economic System’, Kyoto Bulletin of Islamic Area Studies 1(2) (2007), 3–18
Ayub, M., Understanding Islamic Finance (Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Limited, 2007)
Badawi, Z., ‘New Fiqh for Minorities’, paper presented at the Muslims of Europe in the New Millennium conference, Regent's College, London, 9–10 September 2000
Baderin, M. A., ‘Human Rights and Islamic Law: The Myth of Discord’, European Human Rights Law Review 2 (2005), 165–85
Baderin, M. A., International Human Rights and Islamic Law (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003)
Baillie, N., Baillie's Digest of Moohammudan Law (1865)
Bakht, N., Arbitration, Religion and Family Law: Private Justice on the Back of Women (Ottawa: NAWL, 2005)
Bakht, N., ‘Family Arbitration Using Shari'a Law’, Muslim World Journal of Human Rights 1 (2004), 1–24
Baki, F., ‘Islam and Modernity: Nurcholish Madjid's Interpretation of Civil Society, Pluralism, Secularization and Democracy’, Asian Journal of Social Sciences 33 (2005), 492–5
Balchin, C., ‘Divorce in Classical Muslim Jurisprudence and the Differences between Jewish and Muslim Divorce’ (2009), available at muslimmarriagecontract.org
Ballard, R. (ed.), Desh Pardesh: The South Asian Presence in Britain (London: Hurst, 1994)
Ballard, R., ‘Ethnic Diversity and the Delivery of Justice’, in Shah, P. and Menski, W. (eds.), Migration, Diaspora and Legal Systems in Europe (London and New York: Routledge, 2006), pp. 39–56
Bano, S., ‘Asking the Law Questions: Islamophobia, Agency and Muslim Women’, in Sayyid, S. and Vakil, A. (eds.), Thinking through Islamophobia: Global Perspectives (London: Hurst, 2010), pp. 135–56
Bano, S., ‘Complexity, Difference and Muslim Personal Law: Rethinking Relationships between Shari'ah Councils and South Asian Muslim Women in Britain’, Warwick University PhD thesis, 2004
Bano, S., An Exploratory Study of Shariah Councils in England with Respect to Family Law (Reading: Reading University and MoJ, 2012)
Bano, S., ‘In Pursuit of Religious and Legal Diversity: A Response to the Archbishop of Canterbury and the “Sharia Debate” in Britain’, Ecclesiastical Law Journal 10(3) (2008), 283–309
Bano, S., ‘Islamic Family Arbitration, Justice and Human Rights in Britain’, Law, Social Justice and Global Development Journal 1 (2007), 1–26
Bano, S., ‘Legal Pluralism and Muslim Family Law in Britain’, Journal of South Pacific Law 4(6) (2000), 1–32
Bano, S., ‘Muslim Family Justice and Human Rights’, Journal of Comparative Law 2(2) (2007), 1–29
Bano, S., Muslim Women and Shari'ah Councils: Transcending the Boundaries of Community and the Law (London: Palgrave, 2012)
Banuri, T., and Mahmood, M., ‘Learning from Failure: Institutional Reform for Human Resource Development’, in Banuri, T., Khan, S. R. and Mahmood, M. (eds.), Just Development: Beyond Adjustment with a Human Face (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 3–16
Barlas, A., Believing Women in Islam: Unreading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur'an (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002)
Baxi, U., ‘From Human Rights to the Right to Be Human: Some Heresies’, India International Centre Quarterly 13(3–4) (1986), 185–200
Bellamy, R. (ed.), Constitutionalism and Democracy (Farnham: Ashgate, 2006)
Berger, M. S., ‘Sharia and the Nation State’, in Peters, R. and Bearman, P. (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to Islamic Law (Farnham: Ashgate, 2014), pp. 223–34
Binder, L., Religion and Politics in Pakistan (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1963)
Black, A., Esmaeili, H., and Hosen, N., Modern Perspectives on Islamic Law (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2013)
Bowen, J., ‘How Could English Courts Recognise Sharia?’, University of St. Thomas Law Journal 7(3) (2010), 411–35
Bowen, J., ‘Private Arrangements: “Recognizing Sharia” in England’, Boston Review 15 (2009), n.p.
Boyd, M., ‘Dispute Resolution in Family Law’ (2004), available at attorneygeneral.jus.gov.on.ca
Brown, N. J., Constitutions in a Non-constitutional World: Arab Basic Laws and the Prospects for Accountable Government (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002)
Brown, N. J., ‘Islamic Constitutionalism in Theory and Practice’, in Cotran, E. and Sherif, A. O. (eds.), Democracy, the Rule of Law and Islam (London: Kluwer, 1999), 491–506
Brown, N. J., and Sherif, A. O., ‘Inscribing the Islamic Shari'a in Arab Constitutional Law’, in Haddad, Y. Y. and Stowasser, B. (eds.), Islamic Law and the Challenges of Modernity (Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, 2004), pp. 55–80
Buehler, M., ‘The Rise of Shari'a By-laws in Indonesian Districts: An Indication of Changing Patterns of Power Accumulation and Political Corruption’, South-East Asia Research 16(2) (2008), 255–85
Bunt, G., iMuslims: Rewiring the House of Islam (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009)
Bunt, G., Islam in the Digital Age: E-jihad, Online Fatwas and Cyber Islamic Environments (London: Pluto Press, 2003)
Burrows, N., ‘The 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women’, Netherlands International Law Review 32 (1985), 419–60
Buskens, L., ‘Recent Debates on Family Law Reform in Morocco: Islamic Law as Politics in an Emerging Public Sphere’, Islamic Law & Society 10 (2003), 70–131
Calder, N., ‘Law’, in Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Modern Islamic World, vol. 2 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), available online at www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0473#e0473-s1
Carroll, L., ‘Muslim Women and “Islamic Divorce” in England’, Women Living under Muslim Laws, Dossier 19 (1998), 51–74
Carroll, L., ‘The Pakistan Federal Shariat Court, Section 4 of the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, and the Orphaned Grandchild’, Islamic Law and Society 9 (2002), 70–82
Carroll, L., ‘Talaq-i-Tafwid and Stipulations in a Muslim Marriage Contract: Important Means of Protecting the Position of the South Asian Muslim Wife’, Modern Asian Studies 16(2) (1982), 277–309
Centre for Women's Research, CEDAW: A Manual (Colombo: Cenwor, 2006)
Chapra, M. U., The Future of Economics: An Islamic Perspective (Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 2000)
Chaudhary, G. W., Constitutional Development in Pakistan (London: Lowe and Brydone, 1971)
Chaudhary, G. W., ‘Religious Minorities in Pakistan’, Muslim World 46 (1956), 313–23
Cheema, S. A., ‘Problematizing “Authenticity”: A Critical Appraisal of the Jamaat-i-Islami Gender Discourse’, Warwick University PhD thesis, 2011
Chinkin, C., ‘Reservations and Objections to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women’, in Gardner, J. P. (ed.), Human Rights as General Norms and a State's Right to Opt Out (London: BIICL, 1997), pp. 64–84
Choudhoury, M., The Foundation of Islamic Political Economy (London: Macmillan, 1987)
Cizakca, M., ‘Can There Be Innovation in Islamic Finance? Case Study: Esham’, paper presented at the 11th IFSB Summit, 20 May 2014, Mauritius
Clark, B., ‘The Vienna Convention Reservations Regime and the Convention on Discrimination against Women’, American Journal of International Law 85 (1991), 281–321
Connors, J., ‘The Women's Convention in the Muslim World’, in Yamani, M. (ed.), Feminism and Islam: Legal and Literary Perspectives (Reading: Ithaca, 1996), pp. 351–71
Coulson, N. J., Conflicts and Tensions in Islamic Jurisprudence (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1969)
Coulson, N. J., A History of Islamic Law (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1964)
Coulson, N. J., ‘The State and the Individual in Islamic Law’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly 6 (1957), 49–60
Crone, P., Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980)
Derrett, J., ‘Justice, Equity and Good Conscience’, in Anderson, J. (ed.), Changing Laws in Developing Countries (London: Allen & Unwin, 1963), 114–53
Devji, F., Muslim Zion: Pakistan as a Political Idea (London: Hurst, 2013)
Diduck, A., and O'Donovan, K. (eds.), Feminist Perspectives on Family Law (Abingdon: Routledge, 2006)
Doi, A. R. I., Shariah: The Islamic Law (London: Ta-Ha, 1984)
Donnelly, J., Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989)
Donnelly, J., ‘Western Perspectives’, in Kolodziej, E. A. (ed.), A Force Profonde: The Power, Politics and Promise of Human Rights (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003), pp. 31–44
Douglas, G., Doe, N., Gilliat-Ray, S., Sandberg, R., and Khan, A., Social Cohesion and Civil Law: Marriage, Divorce and Religious Courts (report of a research study funded by the AHRC) (Cardiff: Cardiff University, 2011)
Dupret, B., ‘Legal Pluralism, Plurality of Laws, and Legal Practices: Theories, Critiques and Praxeological Re-specification’, European Journal of Legal Studies 1 (2007), 1–26
Dusuki, A. W., ‘Corporate Social Responsibility of Islamic Banking in Malaysia: A Synthesis of Islamic and Stakeholders’ Perspectives’, Loughborough University PhD thesis, 2005
El Fadl, K. A., ‘The Centrality of Shariah to Government and Constitutionalism in Islam’, in Grote, R. and Röder, T. (eds.), Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: Between Upheaval and Continuity (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), pp. 35–61
El Fadl, K. A., Islam and the Challenge of Democracy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004)
El Fadl, K. A., ‘Islamic Law and Muslim Minorities’, Islamic Law and Society 1:(2) (1994), 141–87
El Fadl, K. A., ‘The Rules of Killing at War: An Inquiry into Classical Sources’, Muslim World 89 (1999), 144–57
El Fadl, K. A., Speaking in God's Name: Islamic Law, Authority and Women (Oxford: One World, 2001)
El-Alami, D., and Hinchcliffe, D., Islamic Marriage and Divorce Laws in the Arab World (The Hague: Kluwer, 1996)
El-Alami, D., The Marriage Contract in Islamic Law: The Shariah and Personal Status Laws of Egypt and Morocco (London: Graham & Trotman, 1992)
El-Azhary Sonbol, A., Women, the Family, and Divorce Laws in Islamic History (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1996)
El-Gamal, M. A., ‘A Basic Guide to Contemporary Islamic Banking and Finance’ (2000), available at www.lariba.com/dev/knowledge-center/islamic-banking-guide.pdf
El-Gamal, M. A., ‘An Economic Explication of the Prohibition of Riba in Classical Islamic Jurisprudence’, proceedings of the Third Harvard University Forum on Islamic Finance, 2000
El-Gamal, M. A., Islamic Finance: Law, Economics, and Practice (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006)
El-Gamal, M. A., ‘Limits and Dangers of Sharia Arbitrage’, in Ali, N. (ed.), Islamic Finance: Current Legal and Regulatory Issues (Cambridge, MA: Islamic Finance Project, Islamic Legal Studies Program, Harvard University, 2005), pp. 127–31
El-Nawawy, M., and Khamis, S., Islam Dot Com: Contemporary Islamic Discourses in Cyberspace (New York: Macmillan, 2009)
El-Tahawy, A., ‘The Internet Is the New Mosque: Fatwa at the Click of a Mouse’, Arab Insight: Emerging Social and Legal Trends 2(1) (2008), 11–19
Elias, J., and Rethel, L. (eds.), The Everyday Political Economy of Southeast Asia (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming 2016)
Emon, A. M., ‘Comment: Reflections on the “Constitution of Medina”: An Essay on Methodology and Ideology in Islamic Legal History’, UCLA Journal of Islamic & Near Eastern Law 1 (2002), 103–33
Emon, A. M., ‘Conceiving Islamic Law in a Pluralist Society’, Singapore Journal of Legal Studies (Dec. 2006), 331–55
Emon, A. M., Islamic Natural Law Theories (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010)
Emon, A. M., ‘The Limits of Constitutionalism in the Muslim World: History and Identity in Islamic Law’, in Islamic Law and Law of the Muslim World, paper no 08-09
Emon, A. M., ‘The Paradox of Equality and the Politics of Difference: Gender Equality, Islamic Law and the Modern State’, in Mir-Husseini, Z., Vogt, K., Larsen, L. and Moe, C. (eds.), Gender and Equality in Muslim Family Law: Justice and Ethics in the Islamic Legal Tradition (London: I. B. Tauris, 2013), pp. 237–58
Emon, A. M., Ellis, M., and Glahn, B. (eds.), Islamic Law and International Human Rights Law: Searching for Common Ground? (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010)
Ercanbrack, J., The Transformation of Islamic Law in Global Financial Markets (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015)
Esposito, J., and DeLong-Bas, N. J., Women in Muslim Family Law, 2nd edn (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2001)
European Council for Fatwa and Research, First and Second Collection of Fatwas (Qarārat wa fatāwa li-l-majlis al-'urubi li-l-iftā' wa-l-buhūth) (Cairo: Islamic INC/Al-Falah Foundation, 2002)
Farooq, M. U., ‘Riba, Interest and Six Hadiths: Do We Have a Definition or a Conundrum?’, Review of Islamic Economics 13(1) (2009), 105–41
Feldman, N., and Martinez, R., ‘Constitutional Politics and Texts in the New Iraq: An Experiment in Islamic Democracy’, Fordham Law Review 75 (2006), 883–920
Fishman, S., ‘Fiqh Al-Aqalliyyat: A Legal Theory for Muslim Minorities’, Center on Islam, Democracy, and the Future of the Muslim World, series no 1, paper 2 (2006)
Foster, N., and Archer, S. (forthcoming), ‘Islamic Financial Law: Law without a Legal System’, conference paper, Business Inbetween Cultures: The Development of Islamic Finance, European Association for Banking and Financial History e.V., Sarajevo, 15–16 November 2012
Freeman, M. A., Chinkin, C., and Rudolf, B. (eds.), The UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: A Commentary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013)
Furber, M., ‘Ranking Confidence in the Validity of Contemporary Fatwas and Their Dissemination Channels’, Tabah Foundation analytic brief no 13 (2013), available at tabahfoundation.org
Fyzee, A. A. A., Outlines of Muhammadan Law, 4th edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974)
Gale, R., and Hopkins, P. (eds.), Muslims in Britain: Race, Place and Identities (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009)
Gardner, J. P. (ed.), Human Rights as General Norms and a State's Right to Opt Out (London: BIICL, 1997)
Giddens, A., The Consequences of Modernity (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990)
Gilani, R., ‘A Note on Islamic Family Law and Islamization in Pakistan’, in Mallat, C. and Connors, J. (eds.), Islamic Family Law (London: Graham & Trotman, 1990), pp. 339–46
Glenn, H. P., Legal Traditions of the World: Sustainable Diversity in Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)
Grillo, R. D., ‘In the Shadow of the Law: Muslim Marriage and Divorce in the UK’, in Mehdi, R., Menski, W. and Nielsen, J. (eds.), Interpreting Divorce Laws in Islam (Copenhagen: DJOF, 2012), pp. 211–16
Grillo, R. D., Muslim Families, Politics and the Law: A Legal Industry in Multicultural Britain (London: Ashgate, 2015)
Grote, R., and Röder, T. (eds.), Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: Between Upheaval and Continuity (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012)
Haddad, Y. Y., and Stowasser, B. (eds.), Islamic Law and the Challenges of Modernity (Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, 2004)
Haddad, Y. Y., and Stowasser, B., ‘Islamic Law and the Challenge of Modernity’, in Haddad, Y. Y. and Stowasser, B. (eds.), Islamic Law and the Challenges of Modernity (Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, 2004), pp. 1–17
Haeri, S., Law of Desire: Temporary Marriage in Shi'i Iran (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1989)
Haikal, M. H., Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (Cairo: Matba's Masdar Shirka Musahim Misriyya, 1958)
Hajjar, L., ‘Domestic Violence and Shari'a: A Comparative Study of Muslim Societies in the Middle East, Africa and Asia’, in Welchman, L. (ed.), Women's Rights and Islamic Family Law: Perspectives on Reform (London: Zed, 2004), pp. 233–68
Hallaq, W., ‘Can the Sharia Be Restored?’, in Haddad, Y. Y. and Stowasser, B. (eds.), Islamic Law and the Challenges of Modernity (Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, 2004), pp. 21–53
Hallaq, W., ‘From Fatwas to Furu: Growth and Change in Islamic Substantive Law’, Islamic Law and Society 1 (1994), 29–65
Hallaq, W., An Introduction to Islamic Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009)
Hallaq, W., Sharia: Theory, Practice, Transformations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009)
Halliday, F., and Alavi, H. (eds.), State and Ideology in the Middle East and Pakistan (London: Macmillan Educational, 1988)
Hamidullah, M., The First Written Constitution in the World, 2nd edn (Lahore: Sheikh Muhammad Ashraf, 1968)
Hamidullah, M., Muslim Conduct of State (Lahore: Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, 1977)
Hamilton, W., ‘Constitutionalism’, in Seligman, E. and Johnson, A. (eds.), Encylopedia of the Social Sciences, vol. 4 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1931), pp. 255–9
Hamoudi, H. A., ‘The Death of Islamic Law’, Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 38 (2010), 293–337
Hamoudi, H. A., ‘The Impossible, Highly Desired Islamic Bank’, William & Mary Business Law Review 5 (2014), 105–58
Hamoudi, H. A., ‘Jurisprudential Schizophrenia: On Form and Function in Islamic Finance’, Chicago Journal of International Law 7(2) (2007), 605–22
Hamoudi, H. A., ‘Repugnancy in the Arab World’, Williamette Law Review 48 (2012), 427–50
Hassan, R., ‘An Islamic Perspective’, in Belcher, J. (ed.), Women, Religion and Sexuality (Geneva: WCC, 1990), pp. 93–128
Hassan, R., ‘On Human Rights and the Quranic Perspective’, in Swidler, A. (ed.), Human Rights in Religious Traditions (New York: Pilgrim Press, 1982), pp. 51–66
Hassan, R., ‘The Role and Responsibilities of Women in the Legal and Ritual Tradition of Islam’, paper presented to the Trialogue of Jewish–Christian–Muslim scholars at the Joseph and Rose Kennedy Institute for Ethics, Washington, DC, 1980
Haugestad, A., Reservations to the United Nations Women's Convention, with special focus on Reservations Submitted by Muslim Countries, Studies in Women's Law, 39 (Oslo, 1995)
Haydar, A., ‘From the Anglo-Muhammadan Law to the Shariah: The Pakistan Experiment’, Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 10(4) (1987), 33–50
Hellum, A., Ali, S. S., and Griffiths, A. (eds.), From Transnational Relations to Transnational Laws: Northern European Law at the Crossroads (London: Ashgate, 2010)
Henkin, L., ‘Elements of Constitutionalism’, Center for the Study of Human Rights, occasional paper series, 1994
Hevener, N., International Law and the Status of Women (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1983)
Hosen, N., ‘In Search of Islamic Constitutionalism’, American Journal of Social Sciences 21(2) (2004), 1–24.
Hosen, N., Shari'a and Constitutional Reform in Indonesia (Singapore: Institute of South East Asian Studies, 2007)
Hossain, K., ‘Pluralism and the Law: Evolving Legal Frameworks for Change in Muslim Societies: Some Reflections’, in Soeteman, A. (ed.), Pluralism and Law: Proceedings of the 20th IVR World Congress, Amsterdam, 2001 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2004), pp. 71–76
Howard, R., ‘Human Rights and the Search for Community’, Journal of Peace Research 32(1) (1995), 1–8
Huq, A., ‘Section 4 of the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance 1961: A Critic’, Northern University Journal of Law 1 (2010), 7–13
Ibn Ishaq, M., Sirat Rasul Allah, translated from Guillaume's The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1955)
International Association of Islamic Banks, Islamic Handbook of Islamic Banking, 6 vols. (Cairo: IAIB, 1977–86)
Iqbal, Z., and Mirakhor, A., An Introduction to Islamic Finance: Theory and Practice (Singapore: Wiley Finance, 2007)
Jung, M. U. ibn S., The Administration of Justice in Islam (Lahore: Law Publishing, 1980)
Kamali, M. H., ‘Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: A Contemporary Perspective of Islamic Law’, in Grote, R. and Röder, T. (eds.), Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: Between Upheaval and Continuity (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), pp. 19–33
Kamali, M. H., Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence, 3rd edn (Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 2003)
Kavanaugh, K., ‘Narrating Law’, in Emon, A. M., Ellis, M. and Glahn, B. (eds.), Islamic Law and International Human Rights Law: Searching for Common Ground? (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), pp. 17–51
Kavanaugh, K., ‘Speaking Law to War’, Journal of Conflict and Security Law 17(1) (2012), 3–24
Kedourie, E., Democracy and Arab Political Culture (London: Frank Cass, 1992)
Khadduri, M., ‘Islam and the Modern Law of Nations’, American Journal of International Law 50 (1956), 358–72
Khadduri, M., The Islamic Law of Nations: Shaybani's Siyar (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1966)
Klabbers, J., Peters, A., and Ulfstein, G. (eds.), The Constitutionalization of International Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011)
Kolodziej, E.A. (ed.), A Force Profonde: The Power, Politics and Promise of Human Rights (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003)
Korteweg, A., and Selby, J. (eds.), Debating Shariah: Islam, Gender Politics and Family Law Arbitration (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012)
Koskenniemi, M., ‘International Law and Hegemony: A Reconfiguration’, Cambridge Review of International Affairs 17(2) (2004), 197–218
Krisch, N., Beyond Constitutionalism: The Pluralist Structure of Postnational Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010)
Krivenko, E. Y., Women, Islam and International Law: Within the Context of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2009)
Kruse, H., ‘The Foundations of Islamic International Jurisprudence’, Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society 3 (1955), 231–67
Kugle, S. A., ‘Framed, Blamed and Renamed: The Recasting of Islamic Jurisprudence in Colonial South Asia’, Modern Asian Studies 35 (2001), 257–313
Kymlicka, W., Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995)
Laqueur, W., and Rubin, B. (eds.), The Human Rights Reader (New York: New American Library, 1979)
Larsen, L., ‘Islamic Jurisprudence and Transnational Flows’, in Hellum, S., Ali, S. S. and Griffiths, A. (eds.), From Transnational Relations to Transnational Laws: Northern European Laws at the Crossroads (London: Ashgate, 2010), pp. 139–63
Latief, H., ‘Islamic Charities and Social Activism: Welfare, Dakwah and Politics in Indonesia’, Utrecht University PhD thesis, 2012
Lau, M., The Role of Islam in the Legal System of Pakistan (Leiden: Nijhoff, 2006)
Lau, M., ‘Sharia and National Law in Pakistan’, in Otto, J. M. (ed.), Sharia Incorporated: A Comparative Overview of the Legal Systems of Twelve Muslim Countries in the Past and Present (Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2010), 373–432
Lauren, P. G., The Evolution of International Human Rights: Visions Seen, 2nd edn (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003)
Lecker, M., The ‘Constitution of Medina’: Muhammad's First Legal Document (Princeton: Darwin, 2004)
Levy, R., The Social Structure of Islam (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979, reprint)
Lewis, B., ‘Freedom and Justice in the Modern Middle East’, Foreign Affairs (May–June 2005), online
Lewis, B., ‘Legal and Historical Reflections on the Position of Muslim Populations under Non-Muslim Rule’, Journal of the Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs 13 (1992), 1–15
Lijznaad, L., Reservations to UN Human Rights Treaties: Ratify and Ruin? (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1995)
Lombardi, C. B., State Law as Islamic Law in Modern Egypt: The Incorporation of the Shari'a into Egyptian Constitutional Law (Leiden: Brill, 2006)
Loughlin, M., and Walker, N. (eds.), The Paradox of Constitutionalism: Constituent Power and Constitutional Form (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008)
Macfarlane, J., Islamic Divorce in North America: A Shari'a Path in a Secular Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012)
MacIntyre, A., ‘Relativism, Power, and Philosophy’, in Baynes, K., Bohman, J., and McCarthy, T. (eds.), After Philosophy: End or Transformation? (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987), pp. 385–411
Mahmassani, S., ‘International Law in the Light of Islamic Discourse’, Recueil de cours 117 (1996), 201–328
Mahmood, S., The Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011)
Malik, M., ‘The Branch on Which We Sit: Multiculturalism, Minority Women and Family Law’, in Diduck, A. and O'Donovan, K. (eds.), Feminist Perspectives on Family Law (Abingdon: Routledge, 2006), pp. 211–34
Malik, M., Minority Legal Orders in the UK: Minorities, Pluralism and the Law (London: British Academy, 2012)
Mallat, C., ‘The Debate on Riba and Interest in Twentieth Century Egypt’, in Mallat, C. (ed.), Islamic Law and Finance (London: Graham & Trotman, 1998), pp. 69–88
Mallat, C. (ed.), Islam and Public Law: Classical and Contemporary Studies (London: Graham & Trotman, 1993)
Mallat, C. (ed.), Islamic Law and Finance (London: Graham & Trotman, 1998)
Mallat, C., The Renewal of Islamic Law: Muhammad Baqer as-Sadr, Najaf and the Shi'i International (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004)
Mallat, C., ‘Tantawi on Banking Operations in Egypt’, in Masud, M., Messick, B. and Powers, D. (eds.), Islamic Legal Interpretation: Muftis and Their Fatwas (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 286–96
Mallat, C., and Connors, J. (eds.), Islamic Family Law (London: Graham & Trotman, 1990)
Manderville, P., Transnational Muslim Politics: Reimagining the Umma (London: Routledge, 2001)
Mannan, M. A. (ed.), D. F. Mulla's Principles of Mahomedan Law (Lahore: PLD Publishers, 1995)
March, A. F., ‘Sources of Moral Obligation to Non-Muslims in Fiqh al-Aqalliyyat (Jurisprudence of Muslim Minorities) Discourse’, Islamic Law and Society 16 (2009), 34–94
March, A. F., ‘Taking People as They Are: Islam as a “Realistic Utopia” in the Political Theory of Sayyid Qutb’, American Political Science Review 104(1) (2000), 189–207
Marshall, P., Radical Islam's Rules: The Worldwide Spread of Extreme Shari'a Law (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005)
Masud, M., ‘Gender Equality and the Doctrine of Wilaya’, in Mir-Husseini, Z., Vogt, K, Larsen, L. and Moe, C. (eds.), Gender and Equality in Muslim Family Law: Justice and Ethics in the Islamic Legal Tradition (London: I. B. Tauris, 2013), pp. 127–52
Masud, M., Messick, B., and Powers, D. (eds.), Islamic Legal Interpretation: Muftis and Their Fatwas (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2005)
Masud, M., Messick, B., and Powers, D., ‘Muftis, Fatwas, and Islamic Legal Interpretation’, in Masud, M., Messick, B. and Powers, D. (eds.), Islamic Legal Interpretation: Muftis and Their Fatwas (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 3–32
Masud, M., Salvatore, A., and van Bruinessen, M. (eds.), Islam and Modernity: Key Issues and Debates (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009)
Maududi, A. A., The Economic System of Islam (Lahore: Islamic Publications, 1970)
Maududi, A. A., Haquq uz Zojjain (Lahore: Idara Tarjumanul Quran, 1943)
Maududi, A. A., The Islamic Law and Constitution, 4th edn (Lahore: Islamic Publications, 1969)
Maududi, A. A., Khawateen aur Deeni Masayl (Lahore: Islamic Publications, 2000)
Maududi, A. A., Political Theory of Islam (Lahore: Islamic Publications, 1985)
Maududi, A. A., Purdah (Lahore: Islamic Publications, 2003)
Maududi, A. A., Purdah and the Status of Woman in Islam (ed. and trans. Al-Ashari, ) (Lahore: Islamic Publications, 1975)
Maurer, B., ‘The Disunity of Finance: Alternative Practices to Western Finance’, in Cetina, K. Knorr and Preda, A. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Finance (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), pp. 413–30
Maurer, B. (2008), ‘Re-socialising Finance? Or Dressing It in Mufti? Calculating Alternatives for Cultural Economies’, Journal of Cultural Economy 1(1), 65–78
Mayer, A. E., ‘The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: The Political Nature of “Religious” Reservations’ (online paper)
Mayer, A. E., Islam and Human Rights: Tradition and Politics, 3rd edn (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999)
Meer, N., and Modood, T., ‘How Does Interculturalism Contrast with Multiculturalism?’, Journal of Intercultural Studies 33(2) (2012), 175–96
Mehdi, R., Islamisation of the Law in Pakistan (Richmond: Curzon, 1994)
Mehdi, R., Petersen, H., Sand, E., and Woodman, G. (eds.), Law and Religion in Multicultural Societies (Copenhagen: DJOF, 2008)
Mernissi, F., Women and Islam (trans. Lakeland, M. J.) (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991)
Meron, T., Human Rights Law-Making in the United Nations: A Critique of Instruments and Process (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986)
Meron, T., ‘Iran's Challenge to the International Law of Human Rights’, Human Rights Reporter 13(8) (1989), 8–13
Merry, S. E., ‘Legal Pluralism’, Law & Society Review 22 (1988), 869–96
Metcalf, B., ‘Islamic Arguments in Contemporary Pakistan’, in Roff, W. (ed.), Islam and the Political Economy of Meaning (London: Routledge, 1987), pp. 132–59
Miller, K. A., ‘Muslim Minorities and the Obligation to Migrate to Islamic Territory: Two Fatwas from Fifteenth-Century Granada’, Islamic Law and Society 7(2) (2000), 256–85
Mir-Husseini, Z., Islam and Gender: The Religious Debate in Contemporary Islam (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999)
Mir-Husseini, Z., ‘Justice, Equality and Muslim Family Laws’, in Mir-Husseini, Z., Vogt, K., Larsen, L. and Moe, C. (eds.), Gender and Equality in Muslim Family Law: Justice and Ethics in the Islamic Legal Tradition (London: I. B. Tauris, 2013), pp. 7–34
Mir-Husseini, Z., Marriage on Trial. A Study of Islamic Family Law: Iran and Morocco Compared (London: I. B. Tauris, 1993)
Mir-Husseini, Z., Vogt, K., Larsen, L., and Moe, C. (eds.), Gender and Equality in Muslim Family Law: Justice and Ethics in the Islamic Legal Tradition (London: I. B. Tauris, 2013)
Modood, T., Multiculturalism (Themes for the 21st Century Series) (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007)
Modood, T., Triandafyllidou, A., and Zapata-Barrero, R. (eds.), Multiculturalism, Muslims and Citizenship (Oxford: Routledge, 2006)
Mohd, M. B., Principles and Practice of Takaful and Insurance Compared (Malaysia: International Islamic University, 2001)
Moore, K., The Unfamiliar Abode: Islamic Law in the United States and Britain (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010)
Moors, A., Women, Property and Islam (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995)
Moosa, E., Ghazali and the Poetics of Imagination (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005)
Morsink, J., The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Drafting and Intent (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999)
Moustafa, T., The Struggle for Political Power: Law, Politics and Economic Development in Egypt (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009)
Mullally, S., ‘“As Nearly as May Be”: Debating Women's Human Rights in Pakistan’, Social and Legal Studies 14 (2005), 341–58
Mumtaz, K., and Shaheed, F., Women of Pakistan: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back? (Lahore: Vanguard, 1987)
Naqvi, S., Ethics and Economics: An Islamic Synthesis (Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 1981)
National Commission for Justice and Peace, Discrimination Lingers on … A Report on the Compliance of CEDAW in Pakistan (Lahore, 2007)
Nielsen, J. S., ‘Sharia between Renewal and Tradition’, in Nielsen, J. S. and Christoffersen, L. (eds.), Sharia as Discourse: Legal Traditions and the Encounter with Europe (Farnham: Ashgate, 2010), pp. 1–16
Nu'mani, M. S., Safarnama (Lahore: Ghulam Ali and Sons, 1961)
Nussbaum, M., Women and Human Development (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000)
Okin, S. M., ‘Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women?’, in Cohen, J., Howard, M. and Nussbaum, M. C. (eds.), Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women? (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999), pp. 9–24
Pakistan, Government of, Report of the Pakistan Commission on the Status of Women (Islamabad: Government of Pakistan Printing Press, 1986)
Pakistan, Government of, Working Paper: The Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (Islamabad: Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1994)
Pannikar, R., ‘Is Human Rights a Western Construct?’, Diogenes 120 (1982), 75–102
Parekh, B., Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political Theory (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002)
Pearl, D., and Menski, W., Muslim Family Law, 3rd edn (London: Sweet and Maxwell, 1998)
Peters, R., and Bearman, P. (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to Islamic Law (Farnham: Ashgate, 2014)
Philipp, T., ‘The Idea of Islamic Economics’, Die Welt des Islams 30 (1990), 117–39
Phillips, A., Multiculturalism without Culture (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007)
Pickthall, M., The Meaning of the Glorious Koran: An Explanatory Translation (London: Knopf, 1930)
Pipes, D., ‘Cartoons and Islamic Imperialism’ (2006), available at danielpipes.org/article/3360
Pollis, A., and Schwab, P., ‘Human Rights: A Western Construct with Limited Applicability’, in Pollis, A. and Schwab, P. (eds.), Human Rights: Cultural and Ideological Perspectives (New York: Praeger, 1979), pp. 1–18
Pomeranz, F., ‘Business Ethics: The Perspective of Islam’, American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 12(3) (1995), 400–4
Powers, D., ‘Kadijustiz or Qadi-Justice? A Paternity Dispute from Fourteenth-Century Morocco’, Islamic Law and Society 1(3) (1994), 332–66
Pruitt, L. R., ‘CEDAW and Rural Development: Empowering Women with Law from the Top Down, Activism from the Bottom Up’, Baltimore Law Review 41 (2011), 263–320
Pruitt, L. R., ‘Migration, Development, and the Promise of CEDAW for Rural Women’, Michigan Journal of International Law 30 (2009), 707–63
Quraishi, A., ‘What if Sharia Weren't the Enemy? Rethinking International Women's Rights Advocacy on Islamic Law’, Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 22 (2011), 173–249
Quraishi, A., and Vogel, F. (eds.), The Islamic Marriage Contract (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008)
Qutb, S., Milestones (trans. Hammad, A. Z.) (Indianapolis: American Trust, 1990)
Qutb, S., Social Justice in Islam (ed. Algar, H., trans. Hardie, J. R. and Algar, H.) (Oneonta, NY: Islamic Publications International, 2000)
Rab, A., Exploring Islam in a New Light: A View from the Quranic Perspective (Brainbow, 2010)
Rabb, I., ‘“We the Jurists”: Islamic Constitutionalism in Iraq’, Journal of Constitutional Law 10(3) (2008), 527–79
Raday, F., ‘Gender and Democratic Citizenship: The Impact of CEDAW’, International Journal of Constitutional Law 10(2) (2012), 512–30
Rahim, A., Muhammadan Jurisprudence (Lahore: Mansoor, 1995)
Rahman, F., Islam, 2nd edn (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979)
Rahman, F., Islam and Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1982)
Rahman, F., Islamic Methodology in History (Karachi: Central Institute of Islamic Research, 1965)
Rahman, F., ‘Riba and Interest’, Islamic Studies 3 (1964), 1–43
Rahman, F., ‘Some Islamic Issues in the Ayyub Khan Era’, in Little, D. P. (ed.), Essays on Islamic Civilization Presented to Niyazi Berkes (Leiden: EJ Brill, 1976), pp. 284–302
Rahman, F., ‘The Status of Women in Islam: A Modernist Interpretation’, in Papanek, H. and Minault, G. (eds.), Separate Worlds: Studies of Purdah in South Asia (Delhi: Chanakya, 1982), pp. 285–310; also (revised) in G. Nashat (ed.), Women and Revolution in Iran (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1983), pp. 37–54
Rai, S., Gender and the Political Economy of Development (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2002)
Rai, S. (ed.), Mainstreaming Gender, Democratising the State: Institutional Mechanisms for the Advancement of Women (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003)
Ramadan, T., Western Muslims and the Future of Islam (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004)
Razack, S., ‘Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Canadian Muslim Women's Responses to Faith-Based Arbitration’, in Mehdi, R., Petersen, H., Sand, E. and Woodman, G. (eds.), Law and Religion in Multicultural Societies (Copenhagen: DJOF, 2008), pp. 83–94
Razack, S., ‘The “Sharia Law Debate” in Ontario’, Feminist Legal Studies 15 (2007), 3–32
Redding, J. A., ‘Constitutionalizing Islam: Theory and Practice’, Virginia Journal of International Law 44 (2004), 773–97
Rehof, L. A., Guide to the Travaux Preparatoires of the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (International Studies in Human Rights 29) (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1993)
Reinhart, A. K., ‘Islamic Law as Islamic Ethics’, Journal of Religious Ethics 11(2) (1983), 186–203
Reisman, M. H. A., ‘Islamic Fundamentalism and Its Impact on International Law and Politics’, in Janis, M. (ed.), The Influence of Religion on the Development of International Law (The Hague: Kluwer, 1991), pp. 107–34
Resnik, J., ‘Comparative Inequalities: CEDAW, the Jurisdiction of Gender, and the Heterogeneity of Transnational Law Production’, International Journal of Constitutional Law 10(2) (2012), 531–50
Rethal, L., ‘Global Ambitions, Local Realities: The Everyday Political Economy of Islamic Finance in Malaysia’, in Elias, J. and Rethel, L. (eds.), The Everyday Political Economy of Southeast Asia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming 2016)
Rethal, L., ‘Whose Legitimacy? Islamic Finance and the Global Financial Order’, Review of International Political Economy 18(1) (2010), 75–98
Roald, A. S., Women in Islam: The Western Experience (London: Routledge, 2001)
Rohe, M., Islamic Law in Past and Present (trans. Goldboom, Gwendolin) (Leiden: Brill, 2014)
Rohe, M., ‘Sharia and the Muslim Diaspora’, in Peters, R. and Bearman, P. (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to Islamic Law (Farnham: Ashgate, 2014), pp. 261–76
Rose, P. L., ‘Muhammad, the Jews and the Constitution of Medina: Retrieving the Historical Kernel’, Der Islam 86 (2011), 1–29
Roy, O., The Failure of Political Islam (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996)
Ryan, N., ‘The Rise and Rise of Islamic Finance’, The Market, 2 August 2008
Sachedina, A., Islam and the Challenge of Human Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009)
Saeed, A., ‘Sharia and Finance’, in Peters, R. and Bearman, P. (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to Islamic Law (Farnham: Ashgate, 2014), 249–59
Safi, L. M., ‘The Islamic State: A Conceptual Framework’, American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences (September 1999), 221–34
Said, A. A., ‘Precept and Practice of Human Rights in Islam’, Universal Human Rights 1 (April 1979), 63–80
Saleh, N. A., Unlawful Gain and Legitimate Profit in Islamic Law: Riba, Gharar and Islamic Banking (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986)
Salem, N., ‘Islam and the Status of Women in Tunisia’, in Hussain, F. (ed.), Muslim Women (New York: St Martin's, 1984)
Salim, A., Challenging the Secular State: The Islamization of Law in Modern Indonesia (Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 2008)
Salim, A., The Shift in Zakat Practice in Indonesia: From Piety to an Islamic Socio-Political-Economic System (Chiang Mai: Asian Muslim Action Network and Silkworm Books, 2008)
Sandberg, R., Douglas, G., Doe, N., and Khan, A., ‘Britain's Religious Tribunals: Joint Governance in Practice’, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 33(2) (2013), 263–91
Sarker, M. A. A., ‘Islamic Business Contracts, Agency Problem and the Theory of the Islamic Firm’, International Journal of Islamic Financial Services 1(2) (1999), available at www.iiibf.org/journals/journal2/art2.pdf
Sayeh, L. P., and Morse, A. M., ‘Islam and the Treatment of Women: An Incomplete Understanding of Gradualism’, Texas International Law Journal 30 (1995), 311–34
Schacht, J., Introduction to Islamic Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964)
Schneider, I., Women in the Islamic World: From Earliest Times to the Arab Spring (trans. Rendall, S.) (Princeton: Markus Wiener, 2014)
Scott, G., Controlling the State: Constitutionalism from Ancient Athens to Today (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999)
Scruton, R., A Dictionary of Political Thought (London: Macmillan, 1982)
Sepper, E., ‘Confronting the “Sacred and Unchangeable”: The Obligation to Modify Cultural Patterns under the Women's Discrimination Treaty’, in Kouvo, S. and Pearson, Z. (eds.), Gender and International Law (Abingdon: Routledge, 2014), pp. 169–212
Serjeant, R. B., ‘The Constitution of Medina’, Islamic Law Quarterly 8 (1964), 3–16
Serjeant, R. B., ‘The Sunnah Jami'a Pacts with the Yathrib Jews, and the Tahrim of Yathrib: Analysis and Translation of the Documents Comprised in the So-Called “Constitution of Medina”’, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 41 (1978), 1–41
Shachar, A., Multicultural Jurisdictions: Cultural Differences and Women's Rights (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005)
Shah-Kazemi, S., Untying the Knot: Muslim Women, Divorce and the Shariah (London: Nuffield, 2001)
Shahab, R., Muslim Women in Political Power (Lahore: Maqbool Academy, 1993)
Shaheed, F., ‘Citizenship and the Nuanced Belonging of Women’, in Bennett, J. (ed.), Scratching the Surface: Democracy, Traditions, Gender (Lahore: Heinrich Böll, 2007), pp. 23–37
Shaheed, F., ‘Engagements of Culture, Customs and Law: Women's Lives and Activism’, in Shaheed, F., Warraich, S., Balchin, C. and Guzdar, A. (eds.), Shaping Women's Lives (Lahore: Shirkatgah, 1998), pp. 61–80
Shahid, A., ‘Post-divorce Maintenance for Muslim Women in Pakistan and Bangladesh: A Comparative Perspective’, International Journal of Law, Policy & the Family 27 (2013), 197–215
Shirkat Gah Women's Resource Centre, Talibanisation and Poor Governance: Undermining CEDAW in Pakistan (Lahore, 2007)
Shirkat Gah Women's Resource Centre, ‘Women's Rights in Muslim Family Law in Pakistan: 45 Years of Recommendations vs. the FSC Judgement’, January 2000 special bulletin, February 2000
Siddique, O., Pakistan's Experience with Formal Law: An Alien Justice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013)
Siddiqui, N., Partnership in Islamic Banking (Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 1985)
Sikand, Y., ‘Reforming Muslim Personal Laws in India: The Fyzee Formula’, Women Living under Muslim Laws, Dossier 27 (2005), available at www.wluml.org/node/499
Sisler, V., ‘The Internet and the Construction of Islamic Knowledge in Europe’, Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology 1(2) (2007), 205–18
Skovgaard-Petersen, J., ‘A Typology of State Muftis’, in Haddad, Y. Y. and Stowasser, B. (eds.), Islamic Law and the Challenges of Modernity (Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, 2004), pp. 81–98
Sonbol, A. A., ‘A Response to Muslim Countries’ Reservations against Full Implementation of CEDAW’, Journal of Women of the Middle East & the Islamic World 8 (2010), 348–67
Santos, Sousa, , B. de, ‘Law: A Map of Misreading: Towards a Postmodern Conception of Law’, Journal of Law & Society 14 (1989), 279–302
Santos, Sousa, , B. de, Toward a New Common Sense (New York: Routledge, 1995)
Stahnke, T., and Blitt, R., The Religion–State Relationship and the Right to Freedom of Religion or Belief: A Comparative Textual Analysis of the Constitutions of Predominantly Muslim Countries (Washington, DC: USCIRF, 2005)
Stilt, K. A., ‘Contextualizing Constitutional Islam: The Malaysian Experience’, International Journal of Constitutional Law 13 (2015), 407–33
Stilt, K. A., ‘Islam Is the Solution: Constitutional Visions of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood’, Texas International Law Journal 46 (2010), 73–108
Stout, J., ‘Commitments and Traditions in the Study of Religious Ethics’, Journal of Religious Ethics 25(3) (1998) 25th anniversary supplement, 23–56
Stowasser, B., ‘The Status of Women in Early Islam’, in Hussain, F. (ed.), Muslim Women (New York: St Martin's Press, 1984), 11–43
Stowasser, B., Women in the Qur'an: Traditions and Interpretation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994)
Stowasser, B., and Abul-Magd, Z., ‘Tahlil Marriage in Shari'a: Legal Codes, and the Contemporary Fatwa Literature’, in Haddad, Y. Y. and Stowasser, B. (eds.), Islamic Law and the Challenges of Modernity (Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, 2004), pp. 161–81
Strauss, D., The Living Constitution (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010)
Strawson, J., ‘Reflections on the West's Question: “Is there a Human Rights Discourse in Islam?”’, paper presented at the Critical Legal Conference, University of Edinburgh, 8–10 September 1995
Sultany, N., ‘Religion and Constitutionalism: Lessons from American and Islamic Constitutionalism’, Emory International Law Review 28 (2014), 345–424
Taha, M. M., The Second Message of Islam (trans. An-Na'im, ) (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1987)
Timm, H., ‘The Cultural and Demographic Aspects of the Islamic Financial System and the Potential for Islamic Products in the German Market’, Stralsund University PhD thesis, 2005
Tiryakian, E. A., ‘Assessing Multiculturalism Theoretically: E Pluribus Unum, Sic et Non’, in Rex, J. and Singh, G. (eds.), Governance in Multicultural Societies (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004), pp. 1–18
Tucker, J., In the House of the Law: Gender and Islamic Law in Ottoman Syria and Palestine (Berkeley: UC, 1998)
Tucker, J., ‘Muftis and Matrimony: Islamic Law and Gender in Ottoman Syria and Palestine’, Islamic Law and Society 1(3) (1994), 265–300
Tucker, J., Women, Family, and Gender in Islamic Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008)
Turner, B., Weber and Islam: A Critical Study (London and Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974)
Twining, W., Globalisation and Legal Theory (London: Butterworths, 2000)
Twining, W., Human Rights, Southern Voices: Francis Deng, Abdullahi An-Na'im, Yash Ghai, and Upendra Baxi (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009)
Umar Farooq, M., ‘Exploitation, Profit and the Riba-Interest Reductionism’, paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Eastern Economic Association, New York, 23–6 February 2007
Vasak, K., ‘Toward a Specific International Human Rights Law’, in Vasak, K. (ed.), The International Dimension of Human Rights, vol. 2 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1982)
Venardos, A. M., Islamic Banking and Finance in Southeast Asia: Its Development and Future (Singapore: World Scientific, 2006)
Vikor, K., ‘Origins of the Sharia’, in Peters, R. and Bearman, P. (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to Islamic Law (Farnham: Ashgate, 2014), pp. 13–25
Visser, H., Islamic Finance: Principles and Practice (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2009)
Vogel, F. E., ‘The Complementarity of Ifta and Qada: Three Saudi Fatwas on Divorce’, in Masud, M., Messick, B. and Powers, D. (eds.), Islamic Legal Interpretation: Muftis and Their Fatwas (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 262–9
Vogel, F. E., and Hayes, S. L., Islamic Law and Finance: Religion, Risk and Return (London: Kluwer, 1998)
Wadud, A., Inside the Gender Jihad: Women's Reform in Islam (Oxford: Oneworld, 2006)
Waldron, J., ‘Constitutionalism: A Skeptical View’, in Christiano, and Christman, (eds.), Contemporary Debates in Political Theory (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009), doi: 10.1002/9781444310399.ch15
Walker, N., ‘Constitutionalism and the Incompleteness of Democracy: An Iterative Relationship’, Journal of Legal Philosophy 3 (2010), 206–33
Waltz, S., ‘Universal Human Rights: The Contribution of Muslim States’, Human Rights Quarterly 6(4) (2004), 799–844
Waluchow, W., ‘Constitutional Interpretation’, in Marmor, A. (ed.), The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Law (New York: Routledge, 2012), pp. 417–33
Waluchow, W., ‘Constitutionalism’, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2014), pp. 21–9
Waluchow, W., ‘Constitutions as Living Trees: An Idiot Defends’, Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 18(2) (2005), n.p.
Warde, I., Islamic Finance in the Global Economy, 2nd edn (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010)
Washbrook, D., ‘Law, State, and Agrarian Society in Colonial India’, Modern Asian Studies 15 (1981), 649–721
Weiss, A. M., ‘Interpreting Islam and Women's Rights: Implementing CEDAW in Pakistan’, International Sociology 18(3) (2003), 581–601
Weiss, A. M. (ed.), Islamic Reassertion in Pakistan (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1986)
Weissbrodt, D., ‘Human Rights: An Historical Perspective’, in Davies, P. (ed.), Human Rights (London: Routledge, 1988), pp. 1–20
Welch, C. E., ‘Human Rights and African Women: A Comparison of Protection under Two Major Treaties’, Human Rights Quarterly 15 (1993), 853–906
Welchman, L. Beyond the Code: Muslim Family Law and the Shari'a Judiciary in the Palestinian West Bank (The Hague: Kluwer, 2000)
Welchman, L., (ed.), Women's Rights and Islamic Family Law: Perspectives on Reform (London: Zed, 2004)
Wellhausen, J., ‘Muhammads Gemeindeordnung von Medina’, in Skizzen und Vorarbeiten, vol. 4 (Berlin: Reimer, 1889), pp. 65–83
Welton, M. D., ‘Review of Hallaq's The Impossible State: Islam, Politics, and Modernity's Moral Predicament’, Middle East Journal 67(3) (2013), 492–3
Wiegers, G., ‘Dr Sayyid Mutawalli ad-Darsh's Fatwas for Muslims in Great Britain: The Voice of Official Islam?’, in Maclean, G. (ed.), Britain and the Muslim World (Cambridge: Scholar Press, 2010), pp. 1–18
Wilson, R., The Development of Islamic Finance in the GCC (London: LSE, 2009)
Wohlers-Scharf, T., Arab and Islamic Banks: New Business Partners for Developing Countries (Paris: OECD, 1983)
Woodman, G. R., ‘The Idea of Legal Pluralism’, in Dupret, B., Berger, M., and Al-Zwaini, L. (eds.), Legal Pluralism in the Arab World (The Hague: Kluwer, 1999), pp. 3–19
Wormuth, F. D., The Origins of Modern Constitutionalism (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1949)
Wright, J. W., ‘Islamic Banking in Practice: Problems in Jordan and Saudi Arabia’, Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, University of Durham, occasional paper 48, 1995
Yasin, M., and Banuri, T. (eds.), Dispensation of Justice in Pakistan (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003)
Yildirim, Y., ‘Peace and Conflict Resolution in the Medina Charter’, Peace Review 18(1) (2006), 109–17
Yilmaz, I., Muslim Laws, Politics and Society in Modern Nation States (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005)
Zaidi, Y., ‘The Interplay of CEDAW, National Laws and Customary Practices in Pakistan: A Literature Review’, in Ali, S. S. (ed.), Conceptualising Islamic Law: CEDAW and Women's Human Rights in Plural Legal Settings: A Comparative Analysis of the Application of CEDAW in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan (Delhi: UNIFEM Regional Office, 2006), pp. 199–263
Zaman, M., ‘Religious Discourse and the Public Sphere in Pakistan’, Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée 123 (2008), 55–73
Zaman, M., The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians of Change (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007)
Zaman, S., Economic Functions of an Islamic State: The Early Experience (Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 1991)
