The Neuroscience of Language: On Brain Circuits of Words and Serial Order

Friedemann Pulvermüller

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511615528

References

Abeles, M. (1991). Corticonics – Neural circuits of the cerebral cortex. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Abeles, M., Bergman, H., Gat, I., Meilijson, I., Seidemann, E., Tishby, N., & Vaadia, E. (1995). Cortical activity flips among quasi-stationary states. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 92, 8616–20

Abeles, M., Bergman, H., Margalit, E., & Vaadia, E. (1993). Spatiotemporal firing patterns in the frontal cortex of behaving monkeys. Journal of Neurophysiology, 70, 1629–38

Aboitiz, F., Scheibel, A. B., Fisher, R. S., & Zaidel, E. (1992). Fiber composition of the human corpus callosum. Brain Research, 598, 143–53

Ahissar, E., Vaadia, E., Ahissar, M., Bergman, H., Arieli, A., & Abeles, M. (1992). Dependence of cortical plasticity on correlated activity of single neurons and on behavior context. Science, 257, 1412–15

Ajukiewicz, K. (1936). Die syntaktische Konnexität. Studia Philosophica, 1, 1–27

Angrilli, A., Dobel, C., Rockstroh, B., Stegagno, L., & Elbert, T. (2000). EEG brain mapping of phonological and semantic tasks in Italian and German languages. Clinical Neurophysiology, 111, 706–16

Assadollahi, R., & Pulvermüller, F. (2001). Neuromagnetic evidence for early access to cognitive representations. Neuroreport, 12, 207–13

Bach, E., Brown, C., & Marslen-Wilson, W. (1986). Crossed and nested dependencies in German and Dutch: a psycholinguistic study. Language and Cognitive Processes, 1, 249–62

Bak, T. H., O'Donovan, D. G., Xuereb, J. H., Boniface, S., & Hodges, J. R. (2001). Selective impairment of verb processing associated with pathological changes in Brodmann areas 44 and 45 in the motor neuron disease–dementia–aphasia syndrome. Brain, 124, 103–20

Baker, G. P., & Hacker, P. M. S. (1984). Language, sense and nonsense. Oxford: Basil Blackwell

Bar-Hillel, Y., Perles, M., & Shamir, E. (1961). On formal properties of simple phrase structure grammars. Zeitschrift für Phonetik, Sprachwissenschaft und Kommunikationsforschung, 14, 143–72

Barlow, H. (1972). Single units and cognition: a neurone doctrine for perceptual psychology. Perception, 1, 371–94

Barlow, H. B., Hill, R. M., & Levick, W. R. (1964). Retinal ganglion cells responding selectively to direction and speed of image motion in the rabbit. Journal of Physiology, 173, 377–407

Barlow, H., & Levick, W. R. (1965). The mechanism of directionally selective units in rabbit's retina. Journal of Physiology, 178, 477–504

Bavelier, D., Corina, D. P., & Neville, H. J. (1998). Brain and language: a perspective from sign language. Neuron, 21, 275–8

Benson, D. F. (1979). Neurologic correlates of anomia. In H. A. Whitaker & H. Whitaker (Eds.), Studies in neurolinguistics. Vol. 4. New York: Academic Press

Bienenstock, E. (1996). On the dimensionality of cortical graphs. Journal of Physiology, Paris, 90(3–4), 251–6

Bird, H., Lambon-Ralph, M. A., Patterson, K., & Hodges, J. R. (2000). The rise and fall of frequency and imageability: noun and verb production in semantic dementia. Brain and Language, 73, 17–49

Bock, J. K. (1986). Syntactic persistence in language production. Cognitive Psychology, 18, 355–87

Bock, J. K., Loebell, H., & Morey, R. (1992). From conceptual roles to structural relations: bridging the syntactic cleft. Psychological Review, 99, 150-71

Braitenberg, V. (1971). On the texture of brains. Heidelberg: Springer

Braitenberg, V. (1978a). Cell assemblies in the cerebral cortex. In R. Heim & G. Palm (Eds.), Theoretical approaches to complex systems. (Lecture notes in biomathematics, vol. 21) (pp. 171–88). Berlin: Springer

Braitenberg, V. (1978b). Cortical architectonics: general and areal. In M. A. B. Brazier & H. Petsche (Eds.), Architectonics of the cerebral cortex (pp. 443–65). New York: Raven Press

Braitenberg, V. (1980). Alcune considerazione sui meccanismi cerebrali del linguaggio. In G. Braga & V. Braitenberg & C. Cipolli & E. Coseriu & S. Crespi-Reghizzi & J. Mehler & R. Titone (Eds.), L'accostamento interdisciplinare allo studio del linguaggio (pp. 96–108). Milano: Franco Angeli Editore

Braitenberg, V. (1996). Il gusto della lingua. Meccanismi cerebrali e strutture grammaticali. Merano: Alpha & Beta

Braitenberg, V., Heck, D., & Sultan, F. (1997). The detection and generation of sequences as a key to cerebellar function: experiments and theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 20, 229–45

Braitenberg, V., & Pulvermüller, F. (1992). Entwurf einer neurologischen Theorie der Sprache. Naturwissenschaften, 79, 103–17

Braitenberg, V., & Schüz, A. (1998). Cortex: statistics and geometry of neuronal connectivity (2 ed.). Berlin: Springer

Brent, M. R., & Cartwright, T. A. (1996). Distributional regularity and phonotactic constraints are useful for segmentation. Cognition, 61(1–2), 93–125

Bressler, S. L. (1995). Large-scale cortical networks and cognition. Brain Research Review, 20, 288–304

Bressler, S. L., & Freeman, W. J. (1980). Frequency analysis of olfactory system EEG in cat, rabbit and rat. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 50, 19–24

Broca, P. (1861). Remarques sur la siège de la faculté de la parole articulée, suivies d'une observation d'aphémie (perte de parole). Bulletin de la Société d'Anatomie, 36, 330–57

Brodmann, K. (1909). Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Groβhirnrinde. Leipzig: Barth

Brown, C. M., Hagoort, P., & Keurs, M. (1999). Electrophysiological signatures of visual lexical processing: open- and closed-class words. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 11, 261–81

Brown, T. H., Kairiss, E. W., & Keeman, C. L. (1996). Hebbian synapses: biophysical mechanisms and algorithms. Review in Neuroscience, 13, 475–511

Brown, W. S., & Lehmann, D. (1979). Verb and noun meaning of homophone words activate different cortical generators: a topographic study of evoked potential fields. Experimental Brain Research, 2, s159–68

Bryden, M. P., Hecaen, H., & DeAgostini, M. (1983). Patterns of cerebral organization. Brain and Language, 20(2), 249–62

Buonomano, D. V. (2000). Decoding temporal information: A model based on short-term synaptic plasticity. J Neuroscience, 20, 1129–41

Buonomano, D. V., & Merzenich, M. M. (1998). Cortical plasticity: from synapses to maps. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 21, 149–86

Caplan, D. (1987). Neurolinguistics and linguistic aphasiology. An introduction. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press

Caplan, D. (1996). Language: structure, processing, and disorders. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Cappa, S. F., Binetti, G., Pezzini, A., Padovani, A., Rozzini, L., & Trabucchi, M. (1998). Object and action naming in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Neurology, 50(2), 351–5

Caramazza, A., & Zurif, E. B. (1976). Dissociation of algorithmic and heuristic processes in sentence comprehension: evidence from aphasia. Brain and Language, 3, 572–82

Charniak, E. (1993). Statistical language learning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Cheour, M., Ceponiene, R., Lehtokoski, A., Luuk, A., Allik, J., Alho, K., & Näätänen, R. (1998). Development of language-specific phoneme representations in the infant brain. Nature Neuroscience, 1, 351–3

Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. The Hague: Mouton

Chomsky, N. (1963). Formal properties of grammars. In R. D. Luce & R. R. Bush & E. Galanter (Eds.), Handbook of mathematical psychology, Vol. 2 (pp. 323–418). New York, London: Wiley

Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Chomsky, N. (1980). Rules and representations. New York: Columbia University Press

Chomsky, N. (2000). New horizons in the study of language and mind. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press

Creutzfeldt, O., Ojemann, G., & Lettich, E. (1989). Neuronal activity in the human lateral temporal lobe. I. Responses to speech. Experimental Brain Research, 77, 451–75

Cruse, H., Bartling, C., Cymbalyuk, G., Dean, J., & Dreifert, M. (1995). A modular artificial neural net for controlling a six-legged walking system. Biological Cybernetics, 72, 421–30

Cruse, H., & Bruwer, M. (1987). The human arm as a redundant manipulator: the control of path and joint angles. Biological Cybernetics, 57, 137–44

Dale, A. M., Liu, A. K., Fischl, B. R., Buckner, R. L., Belliveau, J. W., Lewine, J. D., & Halgren, E. (2000). Dynamic statistical parametric mapping: combining fMRI and MEG for high-resolution imaging of cortical activity. Neuron, 26(1), 55–67

Damasio, A. R. (1989). The brain binds entities and events by multiregional activation from convergence zones. Neural Computation, 1, 123–32

Damasio, H., Grabowski, T. J., Tranel, D., Hichwa, R. D., & Damasio, A. R. (1996). A neural basis for lexical retrieval. Nature, 380, 499–505

Damasio, A. R., & Tranel, D. (1993). Nouns and verbs are retrieved with differently distributed neural systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 90, 4957–60

Daniele, A., Giustolisi, L., Silveri, M. C., Colosimo, C., & Gainotti, G. (1994). Evidence for a possible neuroanatomical basis for lexical processing of nouns and verbs. Neuropsychologia, 32, 1325–41

Deacon, T. W. (1992). Cortical connections of the inferior arcuate sulcus cortex in the macaque brain. Brain Research!, 573(1), 8–26

DeFelipe, J., & Farinas, I. (1992). The pyramidal neuron of the cerebral cortex: morphological and chemical characteristics of the synaptic inputs. Progress in Neurobiology, 39(6), 563–607

Dehaene, S., Changeux, J. P., & Nadal, J. P. (1987). Neural networks that learn temporal sequences by selection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 84, 2727–31

Dehaene-Lambertz, G., & Dehaene, S. (1994). Speed and cerebral correlates of syllable discrimination in infants. Nature, 370, 292–5

Dell, G. S. (1986). A spreading-activation theory of retreival in sentence production. Psychological Review, 93, 283–321

Dell, G. S., Schwartz, M. F., Martin, N., Saffran, E. M., & Gagnon, D. A. (1997). Lexical access in aphasic and nonaphasic speakers. Psychological Review, 104(4), 801–38

Renzi, E., & Vignolo, L. (1962). The Token Test: a sensitive test to detect receptive disturbances in aphasics. Brain, 85, 665–78

de Saussure, F. (1916). Cours de linguistique generale. Paris: Payot

Devlin, J. T., Russell, R. P., Davis, M. H., Price, C. J., Moss, H. E., Fadili, M. J., & Tyler, L. K. (2002). Is there an anatomical basis for category-specificity? Semantic memory studies in PET and fMRI. Neuropsychologia, 40, 54–75

Diesch, E., Biermann, S., & Luce, T. (1998). The magnetic mismatch field elicited by words and phonological non-words. NeuroReport, 9, 455–60

Diesmann, M., Gewaltig, M. O., & Aertsen, A. (1999). Stable propagation of synchronous spiking in cortical neural networks. Nature, 402(6761), 529–33

Dilthey, W. (1989). Einleitung in die Geisteswissenschaften [Introduction to the human sciences], Vol. 1. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Dobel, C., Pulvermüller, F., Härle, M., Cohen, R., Kobbel, P., Schönle, P. W., & Rockstroh, B. (2001). Syntactic and semantic processing in the healthy and aphasic human brain. Experimental Brain Research, 140, 77–85

Egelhaaf, M., Borst, A., & Reichardt, W. (1989). Computational structure of a biological motion-detection system as revealed by local detector analysis in the fly's nervous system. Journal of the Optical Society of America (A), 6, 1070–87

Eisenberg, P. (1999). Grundriss der deutschen Grammatik: Der Satz, Vol. 2. Stuttgart: Verlag J. B. Metzler

Elbert, T., Pantev, C., Wienbruch, C., Rockstroh, B., & Taub, E. (1995). Increased cortical representation of the fingers of the left hand in string players. Science, 270(5234), 305–7

Ellis, A. W., & Young, A. W. (1988). Human cognitive neuropsychology. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd

Elman, J. L. (1990). Finding structure in time. Cognitive Science, 14, 179–211

Elman, J. L., Bates, L., Johnson, M., Karmiloff-Smith, A., Parisi, D., & Plunkett, K. (1996). Rethinking innateness: a connectionist perspective on development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Engert, F., & Bonhoeffer, T. (1999). Dendritic spine changes associated with hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity. Nature, 399(6731), 66–70

Epstein, H. T. (1999). Other brain effects of words. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 287–8

Eulitz, C., Eulitz, H., Maess, B., Cohen, R., Pantev, C., & Elbert, T. (2000). Magnetic brain activity evoked and induced by visually presented words and nonverbal stimuli. Psychophysiology, 37(4), 447–55

Farah, M. J., & McClelland, J. L. (1991). A computational model of semantic memory impairment: modality specificity and emergent category specificity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 120, 339–57

Federmeier, K. D., Segal, J. B., Lombrozo, T., & Kutas, M. (2000). Brain responses to nouns, verbs and class-ambiguous words in context. Brain, 123, 2552–66

Fiez, J. A., & Petersen, S. E. (1998). Neuroimaging studies of word reading. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA, 95(3), 914–21

Fiez, J. A., Raichle, M. E., Balota, D. A., Tallal, P., & Petersen, S. E. (1996). PET activation of posterior temporal regions during auditory word presentation and verb generation. Cerebral Cortex, 6, 1–10

Freeman, W. J. (1975). Mass action in the nervous system. New York: Academic Press

Freud, S. (1891). Zur Auffassung der Aphasien. Leipzig, Wien: Franz Deuticke

Friederici, A., & Mecklinger, A. (1996). Syntactic parsing as revealed by brain responses: first pass and second pass parsing processes. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 25, 157–76

Friederici, A. D. (1997). Neurophysiological aspects of language processing. Clinical Neuroscience, 4, 64–72

Friederici, A. D., Pfeifer, E., & Hahne, A. (1993). Event-related brain potentials during natural speech processing: effects of semantic, morphological and syntactic violations. Cognitive Brain Research, 1, 183–92

Fry, D. B. (1966). The development of the phonological system in the normal and deaf child. In F. Smith & G. A. Miller (Eds.), The genesis of language (pp. 187–206). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Fuster, J. M. (1995). Memory in the cerebral cortex. An empirical approach to neural networks in the human and nonhuman primate. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Fuster, J. M. (1997). Network memory. Trends in Neurosciences, 20, 451–9

Fuster, J. M. (1998a). Distributed memory for both short and long term. Neurobiology in Learning and Memory, 70(1–2), 268–74

Fuster, J. M. (1998b). Linkage at the top. Neuron, 21(6), 1223–4

Fuster, J. M. (1999). Hebb's other postulate at work on words. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 288–9

Fuster, J. M. (2000). Cortical dynamics of memory. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 35(2–3), 155–64

Fuster, J. M., & Alexander, G. E. (1971). Neuron activity related to short-term memory. Science, 173(997), 652–4

Fuster, J. M., Bodner, M., & Kroger, J. K. (2000). Cross-modal and cross-temporal association in neurons of frontal cortex. Nature, 405(6784), 347–51

Fuster, J. M., & Jervey, J. P. (1982). Neuronal firing in the inferiotemporal cortex of the monkey in a visual memory task. Journal of Neuroscience, 2, 361–75

Gaifman, C. (1965). Dependency systems and phrase structure systems. Information and Control, 8, 304–37

Galuske, R. A., Schlote, W., Bratzke, H., & Singer, W. (2000). Interhemispheric asymmetries of the modular structure in human temporal cortex. Science, 289(5486), 1946–9

Garrett, M. (1980). Levels of processing in sentence production. In B. Butterworth (Ed.), Language Production I (pp. 177–220). London: Academic Press

Gazdar, G., Klein, E., Pullum, G., & Sag, I. (1985). Generalized phrase structure grammar. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Geschwind, N. (1965a). Disconnection syndromes in animals and man (1). Brain, 88, 237–94

Geschwind, N. (1965b). Disconnection syndromes in animals and man (2). Brain, 88, 585–644

Geschwind, N. (1974). Selected papers on language and the brain. Dordrecht: Kluewer

Geschwind, N., & Levitsky, W. (1968). Human brain: left–right asymmetries in temporal speech region. Science, 161, 186–7

Glaser, W. R., & Düngelhoff, F. J. (1984). The time course of picture–word interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10, 640–54

Goodglass, H., & Quadfasel, F. A. (1954). Language laterality in left-handed aphasics. Brain, 77, 521–48

Grabowski, T. J., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. R. (1998). Premotor and prefrontal correlates of category-related lexical retrieval. Neuroimage, 7, 232-43

Gunter, T. C., Friederici, A. D., & Schriefers, H. (2000). Syntactic gender and semantic expectancy: ERPs reveal early autonomy and late interaction. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12(4), 556–68

Haegeman, L. (1991). Introduction to government and binding theory. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell

Hagoort, P., Brown, C., & Groothusen, J. (1993). The syntactic positive shift (SPS) as an ERP-measure of syntactic processing. Language and Cognitive Processes, 8, 439–483

Hagoort, P., Indefrey, P., Brown, C., Herzog, H., Steinmetz, H., & Seitz, R. J. (1999). The neural circuitry involved in the reading of German words and pseudowords: a PET study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 11(4), 383–98

Hahne, A., & Friederici, A. D. (1999). Electrophysiological evidence for two steps in syntactic analysis. Early automatic and late controlled processes. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 11(2), 194–205

Hare, M., Elman, J. L., & Daugherty, K. G. (1995). Default generalisation in connectionist networks. Language and Cognitive Processes, 10, 601–30

Harris, Z. S. (1945). Discontinuous morphemes. Language, 21, 121–7

Harris, Z. S. (1951). Structural linguistics. Chicago: Chicago University Press

Harris, Z. S. (1952). Discourse analysis. Language, 28, 1–30

Harris, Z. S. (1955). From phonemes to morphemes. Language, 31, 190–222

Harris, Z. S. (1957). Co-occurrence and transformation in linguistic structure. Language, 33, 283–340

Harris, Z. S. (1965). Transformational theory. Language, 41, 363–401

Hasbrooke, R. E., & Chiarello, C. (1998). Bihemispheric processing of redundant bilateral lexical information. Neuropsychology, 12, 78–94

Hauk, O., & Pulvermüller, F. (2002). Neurophysiological distinction of action words in the frontal lobe: an ERP study using minimum current estimates

Hayes, T. L., & Lewis, D. (1993). Hemispheric differences in layer III pyramidal neurons of the anterior language area. Archives of Neurology, 50, 501–5

Hays, D. G. (1964). Dependency theory: a formalism and some observations. Language, 40, 511–25

Hebb, D. O. (1949). The organization of behavior. A neuropsychological theory. New York: John Wiley

Hecaen, H., Agostini, M., & Monzon-Montes, A. (1981). Cerebral organization in left-handers. Brain and Language, 12(2), 261–84

Hellwig, B. (2000). A quantitative analysis of the local connectivity between pyramidal neurons in layers 2/3 of the rat visual cortex. Biological Cybernetics, 82(2), 111–21

Heringer, H. J. (1996). Deutsche Syntax dependentiell. Tübingen: Stauffenburg Verlag

Hetherington, P. A., & Shapiro, M. L. (1993). Simulating Hebb cell assemblies: the necessity for partitioned dendritic trees and a post-not-pre LTD rule. Network, 4, 135–53

Hinton, G. E., & Shallice, T. (1991). Lesioning an attractor network: investigation of acquired dyslexia. Psychological Review, 98, 74–95

Hubel, D. (1995). Eye, brain, and vision (2 ed.). New York: Scientific American Library

Humphreys, G. W., Evett, L. J., & Taylor, D. E. (1982). Automatic phonological priming in visual word recognition. Memory and Cognition, 10, 576–90

Humphreys, G. W., & Forde, E. M. E. (2001). Hierarchies, similarity and interactivity in object recognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 453–509

Indefrey, P., Hagoort, P., Herzog, H., Seitz, R. J., & Brown, C. M. (2001). Syntactic processing in left prefrontal cortex is independent of lexical meaning. Neuroimage, 14, 546–55

Jackendoff, R. (1977). X-bar syntax: a study of phrase structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Jackson, J. H. (1878). On affections of speech from disease of the brain (1). Brain, 1, 304–30

Jacobs, B., Batal, H. A., Lynch, B., Ojemann, G., Ojemann, L. M., & Scheibel, A. B. (1993). Quantitative dendritic and spine analyses of speech cortices: a case study. Brain and Language, 44, 239–53

Joanette, Y., Goulet, P., & Hannequin, D. (1990). Right hemisphere and verbal communication. New York: Springer-Verlag

Joshi, A. K., & Levy, L. S. (1982). Phrase structure trees bear more fruit than you would have thought. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, 8, 1–11

Kandel, E. R. (1991). Cellular mechanisms of learning and the biological basis of individuality. In E. R. Kandel & J. H. Schwartz & T. M. Jessell (Eds.), Principles of neural science (3 ed., pp. 1009–31). New York: Elsevier

Kaplan, R. M. (1972). Augmented transition networks as psychological models of sentence comprehension. Artificial Intelligence, 3, 77–100

Kiefer, M. (2001). Perceptual and semantic sources of category-specific effects: Event-related potentials during picture and word categorization. Memory and Cognition, 29, 100–16

Kiefer, M., & Spitzer, M. (2001). The limits of a distributed account of conceptual knowledge. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 469–71

Kleene, S. C. (1956). Representation of events in nerve nets and finite automata. In C. E. Shannon & J. McCarthy (Eds.), Automata studies (pp. 3–41). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Kleinfeld, D., & Sompolinsky, H. (1988). Associative neural network model for the generation of temporal patterns. Theory and application to central pattern generators. Biophysical Journal, 54, 1039–51

Kluender, R., & Kutas, M. (1993). Bridging the gap: evidence from ERPs on the processing of unbounded dependencies. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 5, 196–214

Koenig, T., & Lehmann, D. (1996). Microstates in language-related brain potential maps show noun–verb differences. Brain and Language, 53, 169–82

Kolk, H. H. J., van Grunsven, M. J. F., & Keyser, A. (1985). On the parallelism between production and comprehension in agrammatism. In M.-L. Kean (Ed.), Agrammatism (pp. 165–206). New York: Academic Press

Korpilahti, P., Krause, C. M., Holopainen, I., & Lang, A. H. (2001). Early and late mismatch negativity elicited by words and speech-like stimuli in children. Brain and Language, 76, 332–39

Krause, C. M., Korpilahti, P., Porn, B., Jantti, J., & Lang, H. A. (1998). Automatic auditory word perception as measured by 40 Hz EEG responses. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 107, 84–7

Kreiter, A. K. (2002). Functional implications of temporal structure in primate cortical information processing. Zoology: Analysis of Complex Systems, 104, 241–55

Kujala, T., Alho, K., & Naatanen, R. (2000). Cross-modal reorganization of human cortical functions. Trends in Neuroscience, 23(3), 115–20

Lambek, J. (1958). The mathematics of sentence structure. Americal Mathematical Monthly, 65, 154–70

Lambek, J. (1959). Contributions to a mathematical analysis of the English verb phrase. Journal of the Canadian Linguistic Association, 5, 83–9

Landauer, T. K., & Dumais, S. T. (1997). A solution to Plato's problem: the Latent Semantic Analysis theory of acquisition, induction, and representation of knowledge. Psychological Review, 104, 211–40

Lashley, K. S. (1950). In search of the engram. Symposium of the Society for Experimental Biology, 4, 454–82

Lashley, K. S. (1951). The problem of serial order in behavior. In L. A. Jeffress (Ed.), Cerebral mechanisms in behavior. The Hixxon symposium, pp. 112–36. New York: John Wiley

Clec'H, G., Dehaene, S., Cohen, L., Mehler, J., Dupoux, E., Poline, J. B., Lehericy, S., Moortele, P. F., & Bihan, D. (2000). Distinct cortical areas for names of numbers and body parts independent of language and input modality. Neuroimage, 12, 381–91

Lee, K. H., Chung, K., Chung, J. M., & Coggeshall, R. E. (1986). Correlation of cell body size, axon size, and signal conduction velocity for individually labelled dorsal root ganglion cells in the cat. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 243(3), 335–46

Lehmann, D., & Skrandies, W. (1984). Spatial analysis of evoked potentials in man: a review. Progress in Neurobiology, 23, 227–50

Levelt, W. J. M. (1974). Formal grammars in linguistics and psycholinguistics. Vol. 1. An introduction to the theory of formal languages and automata. The Hague, Paris: Mouton

Levelt, W. J. M., Roelofs, A., & Meyer, A. S. (1999). A theory of lexical access in speech production. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 1–75

Levelt, W. J., Schriefers, H., Vorberg, D., Meyer, A. S., Pechmann, T., & Havinga, J. (1991). The time course of lexical access in speech production: A study of picture naming. Psychological Review, 98, 122–42

Lichtheim, L. (1885). On aphasia. Brain, 7, 433–84

Locke, J. L. (1989). Babbling and early speech: continuity and individual differences. First Language, 9, 191–206

Locke, J. L. (1993). The child's path to spoken language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Lutzenberger, W., Pulvermüller, F., & Birbaumer, N. (1994). Words and pseudowords elicit distinct patterns of 30-Hz activity in humans. Neuroscience Letters, 176, 115–18

Marcel, A. J., & Patterson, K. (1978). Word recognition and production: reciprocity in clinical and normal studies. In J. Requin (Ed.), Attention and performance (Vol. VII, pp. 209–26). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

Marcus, S. (1965). Sur la Notion de la Projectivite. Zeitschrift für mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der Mathematik, 11, 181–92

Marie, P. (1906). Revision de la question de l'aphasie: la triosieme circonvolution frontale gauche ne joue uncun role special dans la fonction du langage. Semaine Medicale (Paris), 26, 241–7

Markov, A. A. (1913). Essai d'une recherche statistique sur le texte du roman “Eugene Onegin.”Bulletin de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences, St. Petersburg, 7

Marshall, J. C. (1980). On the biology of language acquisition. In D. Caplan (Ed.), Biological studies of mental processes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Marslen-Wilson, W., & Tyler, L. (1997). Dissociating types of mental computation. Nature, 387, 592–4

Marslen-Wilson, W., & Tyler, L. K. (1975). Processing structure of sentence perception. Nature, 257(5529), 784–6

Marslen-Wilson, W., Tyler, L. K., Waksler, R., & Older, L. (1994). Morphology and meaning in the English mental lexicon. Psychological Review, 101, 3–33

Marslen-Wilson, W., & Warren, P. (1994). Levels of perceptual representation and process in lexical access: words, phonemes, and features. Psychological Review, 101, 633–75

Marslen-Wilson, W. D., & Tyler, L. K. (1980). The temporal structure of spoken language understanding. Cognition, 8, 1–71

Martin, A., & Chao, L. L. (2001). Semantic memory and the brain: structure and processes. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 11, 194–201

Martin, A., Wiggs, C. L., Ungerleider, L. G., & Haxby, J. V. (1996). Neural correlates of category-specific knowledge. Nature, 379, 649–52

Mason, A., Nicoll, A., & Stratford, K. (1991). Synaptic transmission between individual pyramidal neurons of the rat visual cortex in vitro. Journal of Neuroscience, 11(1), 72–84

McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I. An account of basic findings. Psychological Review, 88, 375–407

McCulloch, W. S., & Pitts, W. H. (1943). A logical calculus of ideas immanent in nervous activity. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 5, 115–33

Merzenich, M. M., Kaas, J. H., Wall, J., Nelson, R. J., Sur, M., & Felleman, D. (1983). Topographic reorganization of somatosensory cortical areas 3b and 1 in adult monkeys following restricted deafferentation. Neuroscience, 8(1), 33–55

Merzenich, M. M., Kaas, J. H., Wall, J. T., Sur, M., Nelson, R. J., & Felleman, D. J. (1983). Progression of change following median nerve section in the cortical representation of the hand in areas 3b and 1 in adult owl and squirrel monkeys. Neuroscience, 10(3), 639–65

Mesulam, M. M. (1990). Large-scale neurocognitive networks and distributed processing for attention, language, and memory. Annals of Neurology, 28, 597–613

Meyer, D. E., & Schvaneveldt, R. W. (1971). Facilitation in recognizing pairs of words: eviedence of a dependence of retrieval operations. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 90, 227–35

Miceli, G., Silveri, C., Nocentini, U., & Caramazza, A. (1988). Patterns of dissociation in comprehension and production of nouns and verbs. Aphasiology, 2, 351–8

Miceli, G., Silveri, M., Villa, G., & Caramazza, A. (1984). On the basis of agrammatics' difficulty in producing main verbs. Cortex, 20, 207–20

Miller, G. A., & Chomsky, N. (1963). Finite models of language users. In R. D. Luce & R. R. Bush & E. Galanter (Eds.), Handbook of mathematical psychology, Vol. 2 (pp. 419–91). New York, London: Wiley

Miller, R. (1991). Cortico-hippocampal interplay and the representation of contexts in the brain. Berlin: Springer

Miller, R. (1996). Axonal conduction times and human cerebral laterality. A psychobiological theory. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers

Miller, R., & Wickens, J. R. (1991). Corticostriatal cell assemblies in selective attention and in representation of predictable and controllable events: a general statement of corticostriatal interplay and the role of striatal dopamine. Concepts in Neuroscience, 2, 65–95

Milner, P. M. (1957). The cell assembly: Mk. II. Psychological Review, 64, 242–52

Milner, P. M. (1974). A model for visual shape recognition. Psychological Review, 81, 521–35

Milner, P. M. (1996). Neural representation: some old problems revisited. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, 69–77

Minsky, M. (1972). Computation: finite and infinite machines. London: Prentice-Hall

Minsky, M., & Papert, S. (1969). Perceptrons. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Mohr, B., & Pulvermüller, E. (2002). Redundancy gains and costs in word processing: the effect of short stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition

Mohr, B., Pulvermüller, F., Mittelstädt, K., & Rayman, J. (1996). Multiple stimulus presentation facilitates lexical processing. Neuropsychologia, 34, 1003–13

Mohr, B., Pulvermüller, F., Rayman, J., & Zaidel, E. (1994). Interhemispheric cooperation during lexical processing is mediated by the corpus callosum: evidence from the split-brain. Neuroscience Letters, 181, 17–21

Mohr, B., Pulvermüller, F., & Zaidel, E. (1994). Lexical decision after left, right and bilateral presentation of content words, function words and non-words: evidence for interhemispheric interaction. Neuropsychologia, 32, 105–24

Molfese, D. L. (1972). Cerebral asymmetry in infants, children and adults: auditory evoked responses to speech and noise stimuli. Unpublished doctoral dissertation: Pennsylvania State University

Molfese, D. L., Burger-Judisch, L. M., Gill, L. A., Golinkoff, R. M., & Hirsch-Pasek, K. A. (1996). Electrophysiological correlates of noun-verb processing in adults. Brain and Language, 54, 388–413

Montoya, P., Larbig, W., Pulvermüller, F., Flor, H., & Birbaumer, N. (1996). Cortical correlates of semantic classical conditioning. Psychophysiology, 33, 644–49

Moore, C. J., & Price, C. J. (1999). A functional neuroimaging study of the variables that generate category-specific object processing differences. Brain, 122, 943–62

Moro, A., Tettamanti, M., Perani, D., Donati, C., Cappa, S. F., & Fazio, F. (2001). Syntax and the brain: disentangling grammar by selective anomalies. Neuroimage, 13, 110–18

Morton, J. (1969). The interaction of information in word recognition. Psychological Review, 76, 165–78

Müller, H. M., King, J. W., & Kutas, M. (1997). Event-related potentials elicited by spoken relative clauses. Cognitive Brain Research, 5, 193–203

Mummery, C. J., Patterson, K., Hodges, J. R., & Price, C. J. (1998). Functional neuroanatomy of the semantic system: divisible by what? Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 766–77

Näätänen, R. (2001). The perception of speech sounds by the human brain as reflected by the mismatch negativity (MMN) and its magnetic equivalent (MMNm). Psychophysiology, 38, 1–21

Näätänen, R., Lehtokoski, A., Lennes, M., Cheour, M., Huotilainen, M., Iivonen, A., Valnio, A., Alku, P., Ilmoniemi, R. J., Luuk, A., Allik, J., Sinkkonen, J., & Alho, K. (1997). Language-specific phoneme representations revealed by electric and magnetic brain responses. Nature, 385, 432–4

Näätänen, R., & Winkler, I. (1999). The concept of auditory stimulus representation in cognitive neuroscience. Psychological Bulletin, 12, 826–59

Neininger, B., & Pulvermüller, F. (2001). The right hemisphere's role in action word processing: a double case study. Neurocase, 7, 303–17

Neininger, B., & Pulvermüller, E. (2002). Word category–specific deficits after lesions in the right hemisphere. Neuropsychologia, in press

Neville, H., Nicol, J. L., Barss, A., Forster, K. I., & Garrett, M. F. (1991). Syntactically based sentence processing classes: evidence from event-related brain potentials. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 3, 151–65

Neville, H. J., Bavelier, D., Corina, D., Rauschecker, J., Karni, A., Lalwani, A., Braun, A., Clark, V., Jezzard, P., & Turner, R. (1998). Cerebral organization for language in deaf and hearing subjects: biological constraints and effects of experience. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 95, 922–9

Neville, H. J., Mills, D. L., & Lawson, D. S. (1992). Fractionating language: different neural subsystems with different sensitive periods. Cerebral Cortex, 2, 244–58

Newman, A. J., Bavelier, D., Corina, D., Jezzard, P., & Neville, H. J. (2002). A critical period for right hemisphere recruitment in American Sign Language processing. Neuroscience, 5, 76–80

Nobre, A. C., & McCarthy, G. (1994). Language-related EPRs: scalp distributions and modulation by word type and semantic priming. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 6, 233–255

Noppeney, U., & Price, C. J. (2002). Retrieval of visual, auditory, and abstract semantics. Neuroimage, 15, 917–26

Norris, D., McQueen, J. M., & Cutler, A. (2000). Merging information in speech recognition: feedback is never necessary. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 299–370

Osterhout, L. (1997). On the brain response to syntactic anomalies: manipulations of word position and word class reveal individual differences. Brain and Language, 59(3), 494–522

Osterhout, L., & Holcomb, P. J. (1992). Event-related brain potentials elicited by syntactic anomaly. Journal of Memory and Language, 31, 785–806

Page, M. P., & Norris, D. (1998). The primacy model: a new model of immediate serial recall. Psychological Review, 105, 761–81

Palm, G. (1980). On associative memory. Biology and Cybernetics, 36(1), 19–31

Palm, G. (1981). Towards a theory of cell assemblies. Biology and Cybernetics, 39(3), 181–94

Palm, G. (1982). Neural assemblies. Berlin: Springer

Palm, G. (1990). Local learning rules and sparse coding in neural networks. In R. Eckmiller (Ed.), Advanced neural computers (pp. 145–50). Amsterdam: Elsevier

Palm, G. (1993a). Cell assemblies, coherence, and corticohippocampal interplay. Hippocampus, 3(Spec No), 219–25

Palm, G. (1993b). On the internal structure of cell assemblies. In A. Aertsen (Ed.), Brain theory: spatio-temporal aspects of brain function (pp. 261–70). Amsterdam: Elsevier

Palm, G., & Sommer, F. T. (1995). Associative data storage and retrieval in neural networks. In E. Domany & J. L. van Hemmen & K. Schulten (Eds.), Models of neural networks III (pp. 79–118). New York: Springer Verlag

Pandya, D. N., & Yeterian, E. H. (1985). Architecture and connections of cortical association areas. In A. Peters & E. G. Jones (Eds.), Cerebral cortex, Vol. 4. Association and auditory cortices (pp. 3–61). London: Plenum Press

Patterson, K., & Hodges, J. R. (2001). Semantic dementia. In J. L. McClelland (Ed.), The international encyclopaedia of the social and behavioural sciences. Section: disorders of the adult brain. New York: Pergamon Press

Paus, T., Perry, D. W., Zatorre, R. J., Worsley, K. J., & Evans, A. C. (1996). Modulation of cerebral blood flow in the human auditory cortex during speech: role of motor-to-sensory discharges. European Journal of Neuroscience, 8, 2236–46

Penfield, W., & Rassmussen, T. (1950). The cerebral cortex of man. New York: Macmillan

Penfield, W., & Roberts, L. (1959). Speech and brain mechanisms. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press

Perani, D., Schnur, T., Tettamanti, M., Gorno-Tempini, M., Cappa, S. F., & Fazio, F. (1999). Word and picture matching: a PET study of semantic category effects. Neuropsychologia, 37, 293–306

Petersen, S., & Fiez, J. A. (1993). The processing of single words studied with positron emission tomography. Annual Review in Neuroscience, 16, 509–30

Petersen, S., Fox, P., Posner, M., Mintun, M., & Raichle, M. (1989). Positron emission tomography studies of the processing of single words. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 1, 153–70

Petitto, L. A., Zatorre, R. J., Gauna, K., Nikelski, E. J., Dostie, D., & Evans, A. C. (2000). Speech-like cerebral activity in profoundly deaf people processing signed languages: implications for the neural basis of human language. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 97, 13961–6

Petri, C. A. (1970). Kommunikation mit Automaten. Dissertation: Universität Bonn

Pick, A. (1913). Die agrammatischen Sprachstörungen. Studien zur psychologischen Grundlegung der Aphasielehre. Berlin: Springer

Pickering, M. J., & Branigan, H. P. (1999). Syntactic priming in language production. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3, 136–41

Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct. How the mind creates language. New York: Harper Collins Publishers

Pinker, S. (1997). Words and rules in the human brain. Nature, 387, 547–8

Plaut, D. C., & Shallice, T. (1993). Deep dyslexia: a case study of connectionist neuropsychology. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 10, 377–500

Poizner, H., Bellugi, U., & Klima, E. S. (1990). Biological foundations of language: Clues from sign language. Annual Review in Neuroscience, 13, 283–307

Posner, M. I., & DiGirolamo, G. J. (1999). Flexible neural circuitry in word processing. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 299–300

Preissl, H., Pulvermüller, F., Lutzenberger, W., & Birbaumer, N. (1995). Evoked potentials distinguish nouns from verbs. Neuroscience Letters, 197, 81–3

Previc, F. H. (1991). A general theory concerning the prenatal origins of cerebral lateralization in humans. Psychological Review, 98, 299–334

Price, C. J. (2000). The anatomy of language: contributions from functional neuroimaging. Journal of Anatomy, 197 Pt 3, 335–59

Price, C. J., Warburton, E. A., Moore, C. J., Frackowiak, R. S., & Friston, K. J. (2001). Dynamic diaschisis: anatomically remote and context-sensitive human brain lesions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 419–29

Price, C. J., Wise, R. J. S., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1996). Demonstrating the implicit processing of visually presented words and pseudowords. Cerebral Cortex, 6, 62–70

Pulvermüller, F. (1992). Constituents of a neurological theory of language. Concepts in Neuroscience, 3, 157–200

Pulvermüller, F. (1993). On connecting syntax and the brain. In A. Aertsen (Ed.), Brain theory – spatio-temporal aspects of brain function (pp. 131–45). New York: Elsevier

Pulvermüller, F. (1994). Syntax und Hirnmechanismen. Perspektiven einer multidisziplinären Sprachwissenschaft. Kognitionswissenschaft, 4, 17–31

Pulvermüller, F. (1995). Agrammatism: behavioral description and neurobiological explanation. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 7, 165–81

Pulvermüller, F. (1998). On the matter of rules. Past tense formation as a test-case for brain models of language. Network: Computation in Neural Systems, 9, R1–51

Pulvermüller, F. (1999a). Lexical access as a brain mechanism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 50–2

Pulvermüller, F. (1999b). Words in the brain's language. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 253–336

Pulvermüller, F. (2000). Syntactic circuits: how does the brain create serial order in sentences?Brain and Language, 71(1), 194–9

Pulvermüller, F. (2001). Brain reflections of words and their meaning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 517–24

Pulvermüller, F. (2002). A brain perspective on language mechanisms: from discrete neuronal ensembles to serial order. Progress in Neurobiology, 67, 85–111

Pulvermüller, F., Assadollahi, R., & Elbert, T. (2001). Neuromagnetic evidence for early semantic access in word recognition. European Journal of Neuroscience, 13(1), 201–5

Pulvermüller, F., Birbaumer, N., Lutzenberger, W., & Mohr, B. (1997). High-frequency brain activity: its possible role in attention, perception and language processing. Progress in Neurobiology, 52, 427–45

Pulvermüller, F., Eulitz, C., Pantev, C., Mohr, B., Feige, B., Lutzenberger, W., Elbert, T., & Birbaumer, N. (1996). High-frequency cortical responses reflect lexical processing: an MEG study. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 98, 76–85

Pulvermüller, F., Härle, M., & Hummel, F. (2000). Neurophysiological distinction of verb categories. Neuroreport, 11(12), 2789–93

Pulvermüller, F., Hummel, F., & Härle, M. (2001). Walking or Talking?: Behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of action verb processing. Brain and Language, 78, 143–68

Pulvermüller, F., Keil, A., & Elbert, T. (1999). High-frequency brain activity: perception or active memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3, 250–2

Pulvermüller, F., Kujala, T., Shtyrov, Y., Simola, J., Tiitinen, H., Alku, P., Alho, K., Martinkauppi, S., Ilmoniemi, R. J., & Näätänen, R. (2001). Memory traces for words as revealed by the mismatch negativity. NeuroImage, 14, 607–16

Pulvermüller, F., Lutzenberger, W., & Preissl, H. (1999). Nouns and verbs in the intact brain: evidence from event-related potentials and high-frequency cortical responses. Cerebral Cortex, 9, 498–508

Pulvermüller, F., & Mohr, B. (1996). The concept of transcortical cell assemblies: a key to the understanding of cortical lateralization and interhemispheric interaction. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 20, 557–66

Pulvermüller, F., Mohr, B., & Schleichert, H. (1999). Semantic or lexico-syntactic factors: what determines word-class specific activity in the human brain? Neuroscience Letters, 275, 81–4

Pulvermüller, F., Mohr, B., Sedat, N., Hadler, B., & Rayman, J. (1996). Word class specific deficits in Wernicke's aphasia. Neurocase, 2, 203–12

Pulvermüller, F., & Preissl, H. (1991). A cell assembly model of language. Network: Computation in Neural Systems, 2, 455–68

Pulvermüller, F., Preissl, H., Lutzenberger, W., & Birbaumer, N. (1996). Brain rhythms of language: nouns versus verbs. European Journal of Neuroscience, 8, 937–41

Pulvermüller, F., & Schumann, J. H. (1994). Neurobiological mechanisms of language acquisition. Language Learning, 44, 681–734

Rastle, K., Davis, M. H., Marslen-Wilson, W. D., & Tyler, L. K. (2000). Morphological and semantic effects in visual word recognition: a time-course study. Language and Cognitive Processes, 15, 507–37

Rauschecker, J. P., & Singer, W. (1979). Changes in the circuitry of the kitten visual cortex are gated by postsynaptic activity. Nature, 280, 58–60

Redlich, A. N. (1993). Redundancy reduction as a strategy for unsupervised learning. Neural Computation, 3, 289–304

Reichardt, W., & Varju, D. (1959). Übertragungseigenschaften im Auswertesystem für das Bewegungssehen. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 14b, 674–89

Rizzolatti, G., & Arbib, M. A. (1998). Language within our grasp. Trends in Neurosciences, 21, 188–94

Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Gallese, V., & Fogassi, L. (1996). Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive Brain Research, 3, 131–141

Rizzolatti, G., Luppino, G., & Matelli, M. (1998). The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 106, 283–96

Rosch, E., Mervis, C. B., Gray, W., Johnson, D., & Boyes-Bream, P. (1976). Basic objects in natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 8, 382–439

Rosenblatt, F. (1959). Two theorems of statistical separability in the perceptron. In M. Selfridge (Ed.), Mechanisation of thought processes: proceedings of a symposium held at the National Physical Laboratory. London: HMSO

Rugg, M. D. (1983). Further study of the electrophysiological correlates of lexical decision. Brain and Language, 19, 142–52

Rugg, M. D. (1990). Event-related potentials dissociate repetition effects of high- and low-frequency words. Memory and Cognition, 18, 367–79

Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G., & Williams, R. (1986). Learning internal representations by backpropagation. In D. E. Rumelhart & J. L. McClelland (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the mircrostructure of cognition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Rumelhart, D. E., & McClelland, J. L. (1986). On learning the past tense of English verbs. In J. L. McClelland & D. E. Rumelhart (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Rumelhart, D. E., & McClelland, J. L. (1987). Learning the past tense of English verbs: implicit rules or parallel distributed processing. In B. MacWhinney (Ed.), Mechanisms of language acquisition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum

Saffran, J. R., Aslin, R. N., & Newport, E. L. (1996). Statistical learning by 8-month-old infants. Science, 274(5294), 1926–8

Salmelin, R., Helenius, P., & Kuukka, K. (1999). Only time can tell – words in context. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 300

Scheibel, A. B., Paul, L. A., Fried, I., Forsythe, A. B., Tomiyasu, U., Wechsler, A., Kao, A., & Slotnick, J. (1985). Dendritic organization of the anterior speech area. Experimental Neurology, 87, 109–17

Schnelle, H. (1996a). Approaches to computational brain theories of language/kern2pt– a review of recent proposals. Theoretical Linguistics, 22, 49–104

Schnelle, H. (1996b). Die Natur der Sprache. Die Dynamik der Prozesse des Sprechens und Verstehens (2 ed.). Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter

Schnelle, H. (1996c). Net-linguistic approaches to linguistic structure, brain topography, and cerebral processes

Schumann, J. H. (1997). The neurobiology of affect in language. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers

Seldon, H. L. (1985). The anatomy of speech perception. Human auditory cortex. In A. Peters & E. G. Jones (Eds.), Cerebral cortex, Vol. 5. Association and auditory cortices (pp. 273–327). London: Plenum Press

Shallice, T. (1988). From neuropsychology to mental structure. New York: Cambridge University Press

Shannon, C. E., & Weaver, W. (1949). The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press

Shastri, L., & Ajjanagadde, V. (1993). From simple associations to systematic reasoning: a connectionist representation of rules, variables and dynamic bindings using temporal synchrony. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16, 417–94

Shtyrov, Y., Kujala, T., Palva, S., Ilmoniemi, R. J., & Näätänen, R. (2000). Discrimination of speech and of complex nonspeech sounds of different temporal structure in the left and right cerebral hemispheres. NeuroImage, 12(6), 657–63

Shtyrov, Y., & Pulvermüller, F. (2002a). Memory traces for inflectional affixes as shown by the mismatch negativity. European Journal of Neuroscience, 15, 1085–91

Shtyrov, Y., & Pulvermüller, F. (2002b). Neurophysiological evidence of memory traces for words in the human brain. Neuroreport. In press

Singer, W., Engel, A. K., Kreiter, A. K., Munk, M. H. J., Neuenschwander, S., & Roelfsema, P. R. (1997). Neuronal assemblies: necessity, signature and detectability. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1, 252–62

Singer, W., & Gray, C. M. (1995). Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation hypothesis. Annual Review in Neuroscience, 18, 555–86

Skrandies, W. (1998). Evoked potential correlates of semantic meaning –/kern2.5pta brain mapping study. Cognitive Brain Research, 6, 173–83

Skrandies, W. (1999). Early effects of semantic meaning on electrical brain activity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 301

Sommer, F. T., & Wennekers, T. (2000). Modelling studies on the computational function of fast temporal structure in cortical circuit activity. Journal of Physiology, Paris, 94, 473–88

Sougné, J. (1998). Connectionism and the problem of multiple instantiation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2, 183–9

Spitzer, M., Kischka, U., Guckel, F., Bellemann, M. E., Kammer, T., Seyyedi, S., Weisbrod, M., Schwartz, A., & Brix, G. (1998). Functional magnetic resonance imaging of category-specific cortical activation: evidence for semantic maps. Cognitive Brain Research, 6, 309–19

Steinmetz, H., Volkmann, J., Jancke, L., & Freund, H. J. (1991). Anatomical left–right asymmetry of language-related temporal cortex is different in left- and right-handers. Annals of Neurology, 29, 315–19

Sterr, A., Muller, M. M., Elbert, T., Rockstroh, B., Pantev, C., & Taub, E. (1998). Perceptual correlates of changes in cortical representation of fingers in blind multifinger Braille readers. Journal of Neuroscience, 18(11), 4417–23

Swinney, D., Onifer, W., Prather, P., & Hirshkowitz, M. (1979). Semantic fascilation across sensory modalities in the processing of individual words and sentences. Memory and Cognition, 7, 159–65

Tallon-Baudry, C., & Bertrand, O. (1999). Oscillatory gamma activity in humans and its role in object representation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3, 151–61

Tesnière, L. (1953). Esquisse d'une syntax structurale. Paris: Klincksieck

Tesnière, L. (1959). Eléments de syntaxe structurale. Paris: Klincksieck

Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. R. (1999). The neurobiology of knowledge retrieval. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 303

Tsumoto, T. (1992). Long-term potentiation and long-term depression in the neocortex. Progress in Neurobiology, 39, 209–28

Ullman, M., Corkin, S., Coppola, M., Hickok, G., Growdon, J., Koroshetz, W., & Pinker, S. (1997). A neural dissociation within language: evidence that the mental dictionary is part of declarative memory, and that grammatical rules are processed by the procedural system. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 266–76

Vaadia, E., Haalman, I., Abeles, M., Bergman, H., Prut, Y., Slovin, H., & Aertsen, A. (1995). Dynamics of neuronal interactions in monkey cortex in relation to behavioural events. Nature, 373, 515–18

Varju, D., & Reichardt, W. (1967). Übertragungseigenschaften im Auswertesystem für das Bewegungssehen II. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 22b, 1343–51

der Malsburg, C. (1985). Nervous structures with dynamical links. Bericht der Bunsengesellschaft für Physikalische Chemie, 89, 703–10

der Malsburg, C. (1995). Binding in models of perception and brain function. Current Opinions in Neurobiology, 5, 520–26

Waibel, A. H., Hanazawa, T., Hinton, G., Shikano, K., & Lang, K. J. (1995). Phoneme recognition using time-delay neural networks. In Y. Chauvin & D. E. Rumelhart (Eds.), Backpropagation: theory, architectures, and applications. Developments in connectionist theory (pp. 35–61). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

Warburton, E., Wise, R. J. S., Price, C. J., Weiller, C., Hadar, U., Ramsay, S., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1996). Noun and verb retrieval by normal subjects: studies with PET. Brain, 119, 159–79

Warrington, E. K., & McCarthy, R. A. (1983). Category specific access dysphasia. Brain, 106, 859–78

Warrington, E. K., & McCarthy, R. A. (1987). Categories of knowledge: further fractionations and an attempted integration. Brain, 110, 1273–96

Warrington, E. K., & Shallice, T. (1984). Category specific semantic impairments. Brain, 107, 829–54

Weiller, C., Isensee, C., Rijntjes, M., Huber, W., Müller, S., Bier, D., Dutschka, K., Woods, R. P., North, J., & Diener, H. C. (1995). Recovery from Wernicke's aphasia: a positron emission tomography study. Annals of Neurology, 37, 723–32

Wennekers, T., & Palm, G. (1996). Controlling the speed of synfire chains. Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, 451–6

Wermter, S., & Elshaw, M. (2002). A neurocognitively inspired modular approach to self-organisation of action verb processing. Connection Science, In press

Wernicke, C. (1874). Der aphasische Symptomencomplex. Eine psychologische Studie auf anatomischer Basis. Breslau: Kohn und Weigert

Weyerts, H., Penke, M., Dohrn, U., Clahsen, H., & Münte, T. (1997). Brain potentials indicate differences between regular and irregular German plurals. NeuroReport, 8, 957–62

Wickelgren, W. A. (1969). Context-sensitive coding, associative memory, and serial order in (speech) behavior. Psychological Review, 76, 1–15

Wickens, J. R. (1993). A theory of the striatum. Oxford: Pergamon Press

Willshaw, D. J.Buneman, O. P., & Longuet-Higgins, H. C. (1969). Non-holographic associative memory. Nature, 222(197), 960–2

Willwacher, G. (1976). Faehigkeiten eines assoziativen Speichersystems im Vergleich zu Gehirnfunktionen. Biological Cybernetics, 24, 181–98

Willwacher, G. (1982). Storage of a temporal pattern sequence in a network. Biological Cybernetics, 43, 115–26

Winograd, T. (1983). Language as a cognitive process, vol. 1: Syntax. Reading, MA: Addision-Wesley

Wise, R., Chollet, F., Hadar, U., Fiston, K., Hoffner, E., & Frackowiak, R. (1991). Distribution of cortical neural networks involved in word comprehension and word retrieval. Brain, 114, 1803–17

Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical Investigations. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers

Woods, B. T. (1983). Is the left hemisphere specialized for language at birth? Trends in Neurosciences, 6, 115–17

Woods, W. A. (1973). An experimental parsing system for transition network grammars. In R. Rustin (Ed.), Natural language processing (pp. 111–154). New York: Algorithmics Press

Young, M. P., Scannell, J. W., & Burns, G. (1995). The analysis of cortical connectivity. Heidelberg: Springer

Zaidel, E. (1976). Auditory vocabulary of the right hemisphere following brain bisection or hemideocortication. Cortex, 12, 191–211

Zaidel, E. (1985). Language in the right hemisphere. In D. F. Benson & E. Zaidel (Eds.), The dual brain (pp. 205–31). New York: Guilford

Zaidel, E.Kasher, A., Soroker, N., Batori, G., Giora, R., & Graves, D. (2000). Hemispheric contributions to pragmatics. Brain Cognition, 43(1–3), 438–43

Zaidel, E., & Rayman, J. (1994). Interhemispheric control in the normal brain: evidence from redundant bilateral presentation. In C. Umilta & M. Moscovitch (Eds.), Attention and performance XV: concious and subconcious information processing (pp. 477–504). Boston, MA: MIT Press

Zatorre, R. J., Evans, A. C., Meyer, E., & Gjedde, A. (1992). Lateralization of phonetic and pitch discremination in speech processing. Science, 256, 846–49

Zhou, X., & Marslen-Wilson, W. (2000). The relative time course of semantic and phonological activation in reading Chinese. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 26(5), 1245–65

Zhou, Y. D., & Fuster, J. M. (2000). Visuo-tactile cross-modal associations in cortical somatosensory cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 97(17), 9777–82

Zipser, D., Kehoe, B., Littlewort, G., & Fuster, J. (1993). A spiking network model of short-term active memory. Journal of Neuroscience, 13(8), 3406–20

Zohary, E. (1992). Population coding of visual stimuli by cortical neurons tuned to more than one dimension. Biological Cybernetics, 66, 265–72

The Neuroscience of Language

On Brain Circuits of Words and Serial Order

Book description

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Save Search

Contents

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Book summary page views

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Why this information is here

Accessibility Information