Policing Gangs in America

Charles M. Katz; Vincent J. Webb

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511616082

References

Abt Associates Inc. 1998. National evaluation of Weed and Seed. Cambridge, MA

Abt Associates Inc. 1999. National evaluation of Weed and Seed. Cambridge, MA

Albuquerque Police Department. 1992. 1991 Albuquerque police department annual report. Albuquerque: Author

Albuquerque Police Department. 1997. Citizen satisfaction with police department – 1996. Albuquerque: Author

Albuquerque Police Department. 1999. Gang status report for Albuquerque, NM – 1998. Albuquerque: APD Gang Unit

Archbold, Carol and Michael, Meyer. 1999. Anatomy of a gang suppression unit: The social construction of an organizational response to gang problems. Police Quarterly 2 (2): 201–24

Arizona Republic. 1980. Teen-age gangs. June 18

Arizona Republic. 1981. Police chief calls for greater effort to thwart gangs. Oct. 17

Arizona Republic. 2002. L.A. mayor, police chief go after street gangs. Dec. 12

Associated Press. 2005. L.A. police settlement to reach $70M. March 31, 2005. http://abcnews.go.com/us/wirestory?id+629514. Accessed on April 7, 2005

Austin, Marcia. 1989. Police accused of harassing blacks. Las Vegas Review-Journal, sec. B. Jan. 18, 1989

Bardwell, S. K. 1998. Police shoot man 12 times in drug raid. Houston Chronicle. July 21, 1998. http://www.november.org/txshooting.html (accessed March 26, 2002)

Bates, Warren. 1987. L.A. street gangs flood Las Vegas. Las Vegas Review-Journal. Oct. 11

Battin-Pearson, Sara, Terence, Thornberry, DavidJ. Hawkins, J. Hawkins, and Marvin, Krohn. 1998. Gang membership, delinquent peers, and delinquent behavior. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

Bayley, David and Harold, Mendelsohn. 1969. Minorities and the police. New York: Free Press

Bayley, David. 1995. Policing for the Future. New York: Oxford University Press

Beall, Christopher. 1986a. Youth gangs divided down ethnic lines. Las Vegas Review-Journal. Apr. 2

Beall, Christopher. 1986b. Police unit targets increasing gang activity. Las Vegas Review-Journal, sec. A. Apr. 4

Beall, Christopher. 1986c. Community efforts to end gangs emerge. Las Vegas Review-Journal. Apr. 6

Behavior Research Center Inc. 1996. City of Phoenix community attitude survey. June 16. Phoenix: Behavior Research Center

Bittner, Egon. 1967. The police on skid row: A study of peace keeping. American Sociological Review 32: 699–715

Blau, Peter and Meyer, Marshall. 1971. Bureaucracy in modern society. New York: Random House

Bogardus, Emory. 1926. The city boy and his problems: A survey of boy life in Los Angeles. Los Angeles: Rotary Club

Bogdan, R. C. and Biklen, S. K., eds. 1992. Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory and methods. Boston: Allyn & Bacon

Brantley, Alan and Andrew, DiRosa. 1994. Gangs: A national perspective. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin May: 1–17

Brokaw, Tom, Wayne, Ewing (producer), and Paul, Greenburg. 1989. Gangs, cops and drugs. NBC News Productions

Burbank, Jeff. 1990. Las Vegas gang hot line goes on line. Las Vegas Sun. Sept. 1

Bureau of Justice Assistance. 1997. Urban street gang enforcement. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office

Bureau of Justice Statistics. 1995. Sourcebook of criminal justice statistics, 1994. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office

Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2001. Law enforcement management and administrative statistics, 1999: Data for individual state and local agencies with 100 or more officers. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office

Burns, Edward and Thomas, J. Deakin. 1989. A new investigative approach to youth gangs. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin Oct.: 20–4

Burrell, Susan. 1990. Gang evidence: Issues for criminal defense. Santa Clara Law Review 30: 739–90

Bynum, Tim. 1998. National evaluation of the youth firearms violence initiative: Inglewood case study. Cambridge, MA: Abt Associates Inc

Casey, Richard F. 1995. Police vs. gang. Phoenix Gazette, front sec. Mar. 25

Chemerinsky, Erwin. 2000a. Report of the rampart independent review panel-executive summary. (Unpublished manuscript.) Sept. 11

Chemerinsky, Erwin. 2000b. An independent analysis of the Los Angeles police department's board of inquiry report on the rampart scandal. (Unpublished manuscript.) Nov. 16

Chereb, Sandra. 1999. Nevadans willing to spend more on many state programs. Las Vegas Review-Journal. Associated Press State, Regional and Local (PM) eds. Jan. 13

Chesney-Lind, Meda, Anna, Rockwell, Nancy, Marker, and Howard, Reyes. 1994. Gangs and delinquency. Crime, Law and Social Change 21: 201–8

Chicago Tribune. 2005. Chicago murders fall 35% in 2004: After leading U.S. in 2003, city sees 155 fewer slayings. Chicago Tribune. Jan. 2

City of Albuquerque Planning Department. 1993. Albuquerque citizen satisfaction survey – November 1992. Albuquerque: Author

CNN.com. 2000a. Testimony: Alleged corrupt LAPD cops gave each other awards. Feb. 10. http://www.cnn.com/2000/us/02/10/lapd.scandal.

CNN.com. 2000b. Outside probe of LAPD corruption scandal demanded. Feb. 16. http://www.cnn.com/2000/us/02/16/lapd.scandal.

Cogan, David. 1998. The gang's all there. Los Angeles Magazine Aug.: 1–2

Cohen, Roger. 1991. Spreading gang violence threatened western cities. Houston Chronicle, sec. A. Oct. 20

Compiler. 1996 (Fall). Street gangs and violence. Chicago: Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority

Connell, Rich. 1994. Safety hopes in Inglewood rest on curfew. Los Angeles Times, Metro, part A. Apr. 8

Contreras, Guillermo. 1998. APD shifts some gang unit cops to patrol. Albuquerque Journal. Feb. 20

Cordner, Gary. 1999. Elements of community policing. In Policing perspectives, Larry, Gaines and Gary, Cordner, eds., 451–68. Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing

Cornett, Richard. 1983. Police report gang violence on the rise in communities. Las Vegas Review-Journal. June 15

Covey, Herbert, Scott, Menard, and Robert, Franzese. 1997. Juvenile gangs. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas

Creswell, John. 1994. Research design: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications

Crowder, Carla and Colleen Heild. 1995. Chamber: City needs public-safety tax. Albuquerque Journal, final ed. Aug. 30

Crowder, Carla, Colleen Heild, and Rebecca Roybal. 1995. Gangs' lethal grip. Albuquerque Journal, final ed. Dec. 10

Curry, G. David, Richard, A. Ball, Robert, J. Fox, and Darryl, Stone. 1992. National assessment of law enforcement anti-gang information resources: Final report. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice

Curry, G. David, Richard, A. Ball, and Scott, H. Decker. 1996. Estimating the national scope of gang crime from law enforcement data. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice

Curry, G. David, Richard, A. Ball, and Robert, J. Fox. 1994. Gang crime and law enforcement record keeping. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice

Daniels, Bruce. 1998. APD stats show serious crime down. Albuquerque Journal, Metro and New Mexico. Jan. 1

Decker, Scott H. and Barrik, Winkle. 1994. “Slinging dope”: The role of gangs and gang members in drug sales. Justice Quarterly 11: 584–604

Department of Public Safety, Special Investigations Division, Criminal Information and Analysis Bureau. 1995. Street gang update – 1994. Albuquerque: Author

DiMaggio, P. and W. Powell. 1991. Introduction. In The new institutionalism in organizational analysis, Powell, W. W. and DiMaggio, P. J., eds., 1–38. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Domrzalski, Dennis. 1996a. Police move in on gang turf. Albuquerque Tribune, Evening ed. Feb. 6

Domrzalski, Dennis. 1996b. Anti-gang effort nets many arrests. Albuquerque Tribune, Midday ed. Feb. 22

Donaldson, T. and Preston, L. E.. 1995. The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence and implications. Academy of Management Review 20: 65–91

Dunworth, Terrence and Abt Associates Inc. 2000. Police department information systems technology enhancement project (ISTEP). Washington, DC: Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services

Easley, Michael. 1993. Inglewood police department 1992 annual report. Inglewood, CA: Inglewood Police Department

Easley, Michael. 1995. Inglewood police department 1994 annual report. Inglewood, CA: Inglewood Police Department

Easley, Michael. 1996. Inglewood police department 1995 annual report. Inglewood, CA: Inglewood Police Department

Easley, Michael. 1998. Inglewood police department 1997 annual report. Inglewood, CA: Inglewood Police Department

Fagan, Jeffery. 1989. The social organization of drug use and drug dealing among urban gangs. Criminology 27: 633–69

Fagan, Jeffery. 1996. Gangs, drugs, and neighborhood change. In Gangs in America, Ronald, C. Huff, ed., 39–74. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications

Federal Bureau of Investigation. 2002. Crime in the United States, 2001. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Fernandez, Luis A. Jr. 1997. Evaluation of the Phoenix anti-gang initiative. Phoenix: Morrison Institute for Public Policy, School of Public Affairs, Arizona State University

Flanagan, Tanya. 1997a. Young death. Las Vegas Review-Journal. June 15

Flanagan, Tanya. 1997b. Laying the blame. Las Vegas Review-Journal, sec. A. June 15

Flannery, Pat. 1989. Guardian angels gain key ally. Phoenix Gazette. June 23

Ford, Andrea. 1991. Brothers are in gang shooting. Los Angeles Times, Metro part B. June 16

Freed, David. 1995. Policing gangs: Case of contrasting styles. In The modern gang reader, Malcolm, W. Klein, Cheryl, L. Maxson, and Jody, Miller, eds., 288–91. Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing

Glaser, B. G. and Strauss, A. L.. 1967. The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine

Glover, Cindy. 1996. APD will train to identify outlawed gang recruiters. Albuquerque Journal, final ed. Aug. 20

Grazcyk, Michael. 1998. Officers had no warrant in fatal drug raid. Dallas Morning News. Aug. 8

Greene, Jack. 2000. Community policing in America: Changing the nature, structure and function of the police. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice

Hagedorn, John H. 1998. Gang violence in the postindustrial era. In Crime and justice: A review of research, Michael, Tonry, ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Hagedorn, John H. 1988. People and folks. Chicago: Lakeview Press

Harold, Susan. 1989. Phoenix will add 23 officers to combat gangs. Phoenix Gazette. May 17

Harvey, Andrew. 1999. Guidelines for time use data collection and analysis. In Time use research in the social sciences, Wendy, Pentland, Andrew, Harvey, Powell, M. Lawton, and Mary, Ann McColl, eds., 19–42. New York: Kluwer Academic

Heild, Colleen. 1995. Leaders fear crime scares away business. Albuquerque Journal, final ed. Sept. 28

Hermann, William. 1995. Gang fight police for neighborhoods; Lack of support angers officers. Arizona Republic, front sec. Mar. 11

Hill, John. 1996. Crack down on gangs seems to be working. Albuquerque Tribune, Evening ed. Feb. 19

Howell, James and Scott, H. Decker. 1999. Youth gang homicides: A literature review. Crime & Delinquency, 45 (2): 208–41

Huff, C. Ronald. 1990. Gangs in America. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications

Huff, C. Ronald. 1993. Gangs in the United States. In The gang intervention handbook, Goldstein, A. P. and Ronald, C. Huff, eds., 3–20. Champaign, IL: Research Press

Huff, C. Ronald and Wesley D. McBride. 1993. Gangs and the police. In The gang intervention handbook, Goldstein, A. P. and Ronald, C. Huff, eds., 401–15. Champaign, IL: Research Press

Hurtt, Harold L. No date. The evolution of gangs in Phoenix. Phoenix: Phoenix Police Department

Hyman, Harold. 1988. Search on for rink shooting suspects. Las Vegas Sun. Feb. 17

Hynes, Mary. 1997. Drive by shooting probed. Las Vegas Review-Journal, sec. A. Jan. 8

Inglewood Gang Intelligence Unit. 1999. Monthly report from 02-25-99 to 03-26-99. Inglewood, CA: Author

Inglewood Police Department. 1993. Annual report – 1992. Inglewood, CA: Author

Inglewood Police Department. 1995. Annual report – 1994. Inglewood, CA: Author

Inglewood Police Department. 1996. Annual report – 1995. Inglewood, CA: Author

Inglewood Police Department. 1997. Annual report – 1996. Inglewood, CA: Author

Inglewood Police Department. 1998. Annual report – 1997. Inglewood, CA: Author

Inglewood Police Department. 1999a. Annual report from 1989–1998. Inglewood, CA: Author

Inglewood Police Department. 1999b. Inglewood Crime Analysis Bulletin 10 (17): 1

Jackson, Robert K. and Wesley, D. McBride. 1996. Understanding street gangs. Incline Village, NV: Copperhouse Publishing Company

Johnson, Claire, Barbara, Webster, Edward, Connors, and Diana, Saenz. 1995. Gang enforcement problems and strategies: National survey findings. Journal of Gang Research 3: 1–18

Jones, Jeff. 1999. Officials target gang blamed for scores of rapes. Albuquerque Journal. Feb. 25

Jones, T. M. 1995. Instrumental stakeholder theory: A synthesis of ethics and economics. Academy of Management Review 20: 404–37

Jorgensen, Danny. 1989. Participant observation. A methodology for human studies. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications

Joyce, Mairlee. 1985. Residents urged to unite with police to combat gang violence. Las Vegas Review-Journal. Aug. 22

Juarez, Macario Jr. 1995. Albuquerque homicides on rise. Albuquerque Journal, Evening ed. Dec. 22

Katz, Charles M. 1997. Police and gangs: A study of a police gang unit. Ph.D. diss., University of Nebraska at Omaha

Katz, Charles M. 2001. The establishment of a police gang unit: An examination of organizational and environmental factors. Criminology 39 (1): 301–38

Katz, Charles M. 2003. Issues in the production and dissemination of gang statistics: An ethnographic study of a large midwestern police gang unit. Crime and Delinquency 49 (3): 485–516

Katz, Charles M., Maguire, Edward and Roncek, Dennis. 2002. The creation of specialized police gang units: Testing contingency, social threat, and resource-dependency explanations. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management 25 (3): 472–506

Katz, Charles M., Vincent, Webb, and David, Schaefer. 2000. The validity of police gang intelligence lists: Examining differences in delinquency between documented gang members and non-documented delinquent youth. Police Quarterly 3 (4): 413–37

Katz, Jesse. 1990. Officer's folksy tactics pay off in gang domain. Los Angeles Times. Nov. 5

Kelling, George and Moore, Mark. 1988. The evolving strategy of policing. Perspectives on Policing, #4: Washington DC: National Institute of Justice

Klein, Malcolm W. 1971. Street gangs and street workers. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall

Klein, Malcolm W. 1995a. The American street gang. New York: Oxford University Press

Klein, Malcolm W. 1995b. Attempting gang control by suppression: The misuse of deterrence principles. In The modern gang reader, Malcolm, Klein, Cheryl, L. Maxson, and Jody, Miller, eds., 304–15. Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing

Klein, Malcolm. 2004. Gang cop. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press

Klein, Malcolm., Maxson, Cheryl, and Miller, Jody. 1995. The modern gang reader. Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing

Klima, Joseph B. 1999. Anti-gang initiative (1996–1998). Phoenix: Phoenix Police Department

Koch, Ed. 1988. Gangs create worst problem LV has faced in 30 years. Las Vegas Sun. Nov. 16

Koch, Ed. 1989. Metro seeks funds to fight drugs, gangs. Las Vegas Sun. Mar. 2

Kossan, Pat. 1995. Valley police making its own “hit list.”Phoenix Gazette, Metro. Apr. 6

Kruger, J. Gutierrez. 1988. Gang war rips San Jose. Albuquerque Tribune. June 13

Kwok, Abraham. 1990. Will my child be safe? 150 protest gangs. Phoenix Gazette. Feb. 28

Kwok, Abraham. 1993. Immediate increase in police proposed: $12 million plan for Phoenix. Arizona Republic, sec. A. Oct. 12

Kwok, Abraham. 1995. Residents left leery by police crackdown. Arizona Republic, sec. A. Nov. 18

Lacey, Marc. 1990a. Drugs, gang violence blamed for 50% jump in Inglewood murders. Los Angeles Times, Metro, sec. B. Jan. 14

Lacey, Marc. 1990b. Violence prompts call for increased security at Inglewood schools. Los Angeles Times, Metro, sec. B. Oct. 26

Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department. 1995. Gang unit annual report – 1994. Las Vegas: Author

Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department. 1996. Gang unit annual report – 1995. Las Vegas: Author

Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department. 1997. Gang unit annual report – 1996. Las Vegas: Author

Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department. 1998. Gang unit annual report – 1997: Gang investigations. Las Vegas: Author

Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department. 1999. Gang unit annual report – 1998. Las Vegas: Author

Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department. 1999. Gang trends. Las Vegas: Author

Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department Gang Unit. 1999. Gang trends in Las Vegas. (Unpublished document.)

Las Vegas Review-Journal. 1997a. Police veterans deny wider ramifications in drive-by shooting. sec. E. Jan. 19

Las Vegas Review-Journal. 1997b. The driver. sec. E. Jan. 19

Las Vegas Review-Journal. 1997c. Fewer incidents of gang violence noted. sec. B. Oct. 9

Las Vegas Review-Journal. 1998. Murder case takes twist. sec. B. Aug. 25

Las Vegas Sun. 1984. Teen pleads innocent in gang slaying. July 3

Las Vegas Sun. 1988a. Metro mobilizes against LV gangs. Mar. 24

Las Vegas Sun. 1988b. Gang diversion unit called a success. May 3

Las Vegas Sun. 1989. Mass gang arrests staged. Oct. 19

Las Vegas Sun. 1990. Hotline on gangs. Aug. 31

Lightly, Todd and Steve Mills. 2000. Hillard to split up anti-gang cop unit. Mar. 15. http://chicagotribune.com/news/nation.html (accessed July 2, 2001)

Lincon, Yvonna S. and Egon, G. Guba. 1985. Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications

Lofland, John and Lynn, Lofland. 1995. Analyzing social settings: A guide to qualitative observation and analysis. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing

Los Angeles City News Service. 1988. Police chief urges declaration of national drug emergency. Apr. 20

Los Angeles Police Department. 2000. Rampart area corruption incident. Public report, Mar. 1. Los Angeles: Author

Los Angeles Times. 1988. Local news in brief: Churches' anti-gang role. South Bay Digest, Metro. Mar. 20

Los Angeles Times. 1991. Gang feels the heat of summertime sweep. Metro, part B. June 20

Los Angeles Times. 1994. 11 youths arrested as Inglewood's tougher curfew goes into effect. Metro, part B. Mar. 20

Maguire, Edward. 1997. Structural change in large municipal police organizations during the community policing era. Justice Quarterly 14 (3): 547–76

Manning, Peter. 1977. Police work. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland

Marshall, Catherine and Gretchen, Rossman. 1995. Designing qualitative research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications

Martin, Hugo. 1988. Program tracks habitual offenders: Inglewood adopts plan to fight youth crime. Los Angeles Times, Westside, sec. 9. Aug. 18

Mastrofski, Stephen and Roger, Parks. 1990. Improving observational studies of police. Criminology 28: 475–96

Mastrofski, Stephen and Robert Wadman. 1991. Personnel and agency performance measurement. In Local government police management, William, Geller, ed. Washington, DC: International City Management Association

Maxson, Cheryl L. 1999. Gang homicide. Homicide: A sourcebook of social science. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications

Maxson, Cheryl L. and Theresa, L. Allen. 1997. An evaluation of the city of Inglewood's youth firearms violence initiative. Los Angeles: Social Science Research Institute, University of Southern California

Maxson, Cheryl L., Karen Hennigan, and David Sloane. 2003. For the sake of the neighborhood: Civil gang injunctions as a gang intervention tool in Southern California. In Policing gangs and youth violence, Decker, S. H., ed. 239–66, Belmont: Wadsworth

Mayor's Council on Gangs. No date. A community design to address gang violence and criminal gang activity. Albuquerque: City of Albuquerque

McCabe, George. 1988. Officials get word on gangs. Las Vegas Sun. Oct. 13

McClannahan, Rory. 1997. Grant targets gangs. Albuquerque Journal. June 19

McCorkle, Richard and Terance, Miethe. 1998. The political and organizational response to gangs: An examination of a “moral panic” in Nevada. Justice Quarterly 15 (1): 41–64

McCorkle, Richard and Terance, Miethe. 2002. Panic: The social construction of the street gang problem. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall

McCort, Michael C. 1994a. Gangs: The control of violence. Phoenix: Phoenix Police Department

McCort, Michael C. 1994b. Street gangs in Phoenix. Phoenix: Phoenix Police Department

McCutcheon, Chuck. 1995. Package to fight gangs. Albuquerque Journal, final ed. June 29

Merriam, Sharan. 1988. Case study research in education: A qualitative approach. San Francisco: Jossey Bass

Meyer, John and Brian, Rowan. 1977. Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology 83: 340–63

Meyer, Marshall. 1979. Organizational structure as signaling. Pacific Sociological Review 22: 481–500

Miller, Walter B. 1962. The impact of a total community delinquency control project. Social Problems 19: 168–91

Miller, Walter B. 1982. Crime by youth gangs and groups in the United States. National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office

Millican, Anthony. 1992. Reeling from raw violence; Crime: Students in Inglewood and Lennox are at risk of being caught in the cross-fire of feuding Latino gangs. Los Angeles Times, Metro, part B. Oct. 4

Moeser, Chris, Richard, Ruelas, Chris, Fiscus, and Brown, J. W.. 1995. Cops, gangs spar for control of area; police push necessary, leaders say. Phoenix Gazette, front sec. Mar. 24

Montano, Nick. 1979. Street gangs in Albuquerque. Albuquerque: Albuquerque Police Department

Moore, Joan. 1978. Homeboys. Philadelphia: Temple University Press

Moore, Joan. 1985. Isolation and stigmatization in the development of an underclass: The case of Chicano gangs in East Los Angeles. Social Problems 33 (1): 1–12

National Advisory Committee on Criminal Jusitce Standards and Goals. 1976. Report of the Task Force on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Washington, DC: US GPO

Needle, Jerome and William, Vaughan Stapleton. 1983. Police handling of youth gangs. Reports of the National Juvenile Justice Assessment Centers. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 2003. National youth gang survey trends from 1996 to 2000. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 2004. 2002 National youth gang survey. Washington, DC: Author

Ottmeier, Timothy and Mary Ann Wycoff. 1998. Personnel performance evaluations in the community policing context. In Community policing: Contemporary readings, Geoffrey, Alpert and Alex, Piquero, eds., 275–305. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press

Pappa, Erik. 1989. Poll eyes problem. Las Vegas Sun. Feb. 14

Parks, Roger, Stephen, Mastrofski, Christina, Dejong, and Kevin, M. Gray. 1999. How officers spend their time with the community. Justice Quarterly 16 (3): 483–517

Phoenix Police Department. 1998. Gang enforcement handbook. Phoenix: Author

Phoenix Police Department. 2000. Standard operating procedures. Phoenix: Author

Phoenix Police Department. 2002. Operation safe streets. Phoenix: Author

Pillsbury, Samuel H. 1988. Gang sweeps only look good. Los Angeles Times, Apr. 17

Pitzl, Mary Jo and Judi, Villa. 1995. Police target area of attack on cops; Mayor promises to “to break backs” of Phoenix gangs. Arizona Republic, sec. A. Mar. 24

President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice. 1967. The challenge of crime in a free society. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office

Puit, Glenn. 1997. Crime wave strikes near UNLV. Las Vegas Review-Journal, sec. B. Mar. 30

Puit, Glenn. 1998. Ganging up on gangs. Las Vegas Review-Journal, sec. B. Apr. 6

Reiss, Albert. 1992. Police organization in the twentieth century. In Modern policing, vol 15, Michael Tonry and Norval Morris, eds., 51–98. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Research and Polling Inc. 1992. 1992 Albuquerque citizen satisfaction survey, Nov. Albuquerque: City of Albuquerque

Richardson, Lisa and Gordon, Dillow. 1994. Inglewood posts reward in killing spree by gangs. Los Angeles Times, South Bay, part J. Feb. 3

Rossmiller, David. 1989a. Street gang violence rose sharply in 1988, police report. Phoenix Gazette. Mar. 7

Rossmiller, David. 1989b. Crackdown vowed on gang violence. Phoenix Gazette. Apr. 17

Rossmiller, David. 1993. Curfew missing gangs, critic says. Phoenix Gazette, Metro. Apr. 22

Rotella, Sebastian. 1987. Police drive pulls wheels out from under gang members. Los Angeles Times, Metro, part 2. Nov. 24

Rotella, Sebastian. 1989. 20 new officers in Inglewood; drug raid to help pay for police. Los Angeles Times, Metro, part 9. Feb. 16

Rubel, Arthur. 1965. The Mexican American palomilla. Anthropological Linguistics 4: 29–97

Rush, Jeffery P. 1996. The police role in dealing with gangs. In Gangs: A criminal justice approach, Mitchell, J. Miller and Jeffrey, P. Rush, eds., 85–92. Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing Company

Sanchez-Jankowski, Martin. 1991. Islands in the street: Gangs in American life. Berkeley: University of California Press

Schafer, Joseph A. 2003. From rhetoric to reality: How police officers view implementation of generalized community policing. Justice Research and Policy 5 (1): 1–30

Schatzman, Leonard and Anselm, L. Strauss. 1973. Field research: Strategies for natural sociology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall

Schultz, Ray. 1989. Goddard, Ortega acts to ease dramatic upsurge in crime. Phoenix Gazette. May 13

Schumacher, Geoff. 1988a. Gang fight terrorized little leaguers. Las Vegas Sun. Sept. 30

Schumacher, Geoff. 1988b. LV gangs fire shots near dance. Las Vegas Sun. Sept. 4

Scott, Susanne G. and Vicki, R. Lane. 2000. A stakeholder approach to organizational identity. Academy of Management Review 25: 43–62

Scott, W. Richard. 1995. Introduction: Institutional theory and organizations. In The institutional construction of organizations, Scott, W. R. and Christensen, S., eds., ⅺ–ⅹⅹⅲ. London: Sage Publications

Sherman, Lawrence. 1992. Policing domestic violence. New York: Free Press

Shetterly, Caryn. 1985a. LV street gangs a different breed. Las Vegas Sun, sec. A. May 8

Shetterly, Caryn. 1985b. Special police units probe gangs in Southern Nevada. Las Vegas Sun, sec. B. May 9

Shetterly, Caryn. 1986. Group examines Clark County gang problems. Las Vegas Sun, Mar. 13

Skolnick, Jerome H. 1990. The social structure of street drug dealing. American Journal of Police 9: 1–41

Skolnick, Jerome H. 1994. Justice without trial. New York: Macmillan College Publishing Company

Smith, John L. 1997. Letter to the editor: Young man's cold blooded killing draws chilling responses. Las Vegas Review-Journal, sec. B. Jan. 12

Snow, David and Leon, Anderson. 1993. Down on their luck. Berkeley: California University Press

Spergel, Irving A. 1993. The national youth gang survey: A research and development process. In The gang intervention handbook, Arnold, P. Goldstein and Ronald, C. Huff, eds., 359–400, Champaign, IL: Research Press

Spergel, Irving A. 1995. The youth gang problem: A community approach. New York: Oxford University Press

Spergel, Irving A. and David, G. Curry. 1990. Survey of youth gang problems and programs in 45 cities and 6 sites. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press

Spergel, Irving A., Ron, Chance, Candice, Kane, Ruth, Ross, Alba, Alexander, Edwina, Simmons, and Sandra, Oh. 1994. Gang suppression and intervention: Problem and response. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

Steckner, Susie. 1995. Gang crackdown brings 83 arrests. Phoenix Gazette, Metro. Mar. 28

Steckner, Susie and Chris, Moeser. 1995. Officials blamed for rise in tension. Phoenix Gazette, front sec. Mar. 24

Suchman, M. C. 1995. Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Journal 20: 571–610

Taylor, Carl. 1990. Gang imperialism. In Gangs in America, Ronald, C. Huff, ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications

Thornberry, T. P., M. D. Krohn, A. Lizotte, C. Smith, and K. Tobin. 2003. Gangs and delinquency in developmental perspective. New York:Cambridge University Press

Thrasher, Frederic. 1927. The gang. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Tobin, Alan. 1988. Las Vegas police double anti-gang force. Las Vegas Review-Journal. Dec. 13

Tracy, Paul. 1978. An analysis of the incidence and seriousness of self-reported delinquency and crime. Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania

Turpen, Roy. 1990. The drug problem in Albuquerque and inequities in the federal drug grant program. Interoffice correspondence

United Press International. 1985. Regional News, California. February 20, 1985, Wednesday, AM Cycle

United States Bureau of the Census. 1990. http://www.census.gov

United States Bureau of the Census. 2000. http://www.census.gov

Veloz, Steban V. and Eric, R. Spivak. 1993. Gang experience. Glendale: Arizona State University

Venkatesh, S. A. 1997. The social organization of street gang activity in an urban ghetto. American Journal of Sociology 103: 82–111

Vigil, James Diego. 1988. Barrio gangs: Street life and identity in Southern California. Austin: University of Texas Press

Vigil, James Diego. 1990. Cholos and gangs: Culture change and street youth in Los Angeles. In Gangs in America, Ronald, C. Huff, ed., 116–28. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications

Vigil, James Diego. 1992. A rainbow of gangs: Street cultures in the mega-city. Austin: University of Texas Press

Villa, Judi. 1995. Officer shot in leg; ambush by gang snipers suspected. Arizona Republic, Valley and State eds. Mar. 23

Wagner, Dennis and Pat Kossan. 1995. Stop the violence. Phoenix Gazette, final ed. Mar. 24

Wagner, Dennis and Chris Moeser. 1995a. Residents: Crackdown adds to rage. Phoenix Gazette, final ed. Mar. 24

Wagner, Dennis and Chris, Moeser. 1995b. Stop the violence. Phoenix Gazette, sec B. Mar. 24

Walker, Samuel and Charles, M. Katz. 1995. Less than meets the eye: Police department bias crime units. American Journal of Police 14: 29–48

Walker, Samuel and Charles, M. Katz. 2005. Police in America. New York: McGraw Hill Publishing

Webb, Vincent J. 2000. Some strategic information issues in the development of community policing in the United States. Police Practice and Research 1 (3): 323–43

Webb, Vincent J. and Charles, M. Katz. 1997. Citizen ratings of the importance of community policing activities. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategy and Management 20: 7–23

Weick, Karl E. 1995. Sense making in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications

Weick, Karl E. and Karlene, H. Roberts. 1993. Collective mind in organizations: Heedful interrelating on flight decks. Administrative Science Quarterly 38: 357–81

Weisel, Debrah and Tara O'Connor. 2004. Specialized gang units; forms and function in community policing. Final Report submitted to the National Institute of Justice. Washington, DC

Weisel, Deborah and Ellen, Painter. 1997. The police response to gangs: Case studies of five cities. Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum

Westley, William. 1970. Violence and the police. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Whyte, William. 1943. Street corner society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Wingard, Laura. 1989. Police say millions needed to fight gangs, drugs. Las Vegas Review-Journal. Mar. 7

Winter, John and Jim, Walsh. 1989. Gang trouble rising, county attorney says. Phoenix Gazette. Feb. 24

Winton, Ben. 1993. Gang police miss mark, report says. The Phoenix Gazette. Oct. 16

Wood, Richard and Davis, Mariah. 2002. Rethinking organizational change in policing. Final Report to the National Insitute of Justice: Washington, DC

Youth Resource and Analysis Center. 1994. Evaluation of the Albuquerque gang prevention/intervention program: Interim report. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico

Zatz, Marjorie S. 1987. Chicano youth gangs and crime: The creation of a moral panic. Contemporary Crises 11: 29–158

Zhao, Jihong “Solomon,”Matthew, C. Scheider, and Quint, Thurman. 2002. Funding community policing to reduce crime: Have COPS grants made a difference? Criminology and Public Policy 2 (1): 7–32

Policing Gangs in America

This Book has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by Crossref.

Book description

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Contents

Frontmatter
pp i-vi

Contents
pp vii-viii

Acknowledgments
pp ix-x

1 - Studying the Police Response to Gangs
pp 1-22

2 - Setting and Methods
pp 23-41

3 - Historical Analysis of Gangs and Gang Control
pp 42-90

4 - Scope and Nature of the Current Gang Problem
pp 91-124

5 - Form, Function, and Management of the Police Gang Unit
pp 125-164

6 - The Gang Unit Officer
pp 165-197

7 - On the Job
pp 198-240

8 - Policing Gangs in a Time of Community Policing
pp 241-266

9 - Conclusion and Implications
pp 267-290

References
pp 291-302

Index
pp 303-310

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Book summary page views

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Why this information is here

Accessibility Information

Policing Gangs in America

Book description

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Save Search

Contents

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Book summary page views

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Why this information is here

Accessibility Information