Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 37
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
March 2018
Print publication year:
2018
Online ISBN:
9781108694605

Book description

The US is transforming into a multiracial society: today one-in-six new marriages are interracial and the multiple-race population is the fastest-growing youth group in the country. In Politics Beyond Black and White, Lauren D. Davenport examines the ascendance of multiracial identities and their implications for American society and the political landscape. Amassing unprecedented evidence, this book systematically investigates how race is constructed and how it influences political behavior. Professor Davenport shows that biracials' identities are the product of family, interpersonal interactions, environment, and, most compellingly, gender stereotypes and social class. These identities, in turn, shape attitudes across a range of political issues, from affirmative action to same-sex marriage, and multiracial identifiers are shown to be culturally and politically progressive. But the book also reveals lingering prejudices against race-mixing, and that intermarriage and identification are highly correlated with economic prosperity. Overall findings suggest that multiracialism is poised to dismantle some racial boundaries, while reinforcing others.

Awards

Winner, 2019 David O. Sears Best Book on Mass Politics Award, International Society of Political Psychology

Reviews

'This is a brilliant achievement that trumpets the arrival of an important new voice in political science. Addressing one of the most striking trends in recent American history, Davenport sets a new standard for scholarship on race, gender, and mixed race identities.'

Taeku Lee - University of California, Berkeley

'This path-breaking book provides the first large-scale analyses of biracial Americans’ racial identities, their political attitudes, and the complex connections between them. While observers have long understood that race and ethnicity are socially constructed, Davenport reveals just how this process works, and how deeply political it is in its origins and consequences. With great skill and creativity, Davenport sheds new light on the nature - and future - of politics in our increasingly multi-racial and multi-ethnic society.'

Martin Gilens - Princeton University, New Jersey

'Lauren D. Davenport has done two things in one book that elude some social scientists for entire careers. She asks new questions about an emerging social phenomenon, and offers answers that are both well-theorized and empirically supported. This book will serve as our foundational understanding of multi-racial populations and their political thinking. Mixed-race Americans, far from being merely an average of disparate identities, have a new and surprising perspective on American politics and one that is uniquely informed by their social identities. This important book provides insight into our evolving racial future.'

Gary M. Segura - University of California, Los Angeles

'Davenport’s foundational book is the most careful and rigorous work to date on the sociological causes and political consequences of multiracial identification in America. This growing group of citizens with diverse ethnic backgrounds will likely play a vital role in electoral politics in the years to come, and her book therefore provides a vital foundation for understanding how individuals internalize and then navigate the racial conflicts so prevalent in our society today. It comes at the perfect historical moment, and students of race and politics, political psychology, and public opinion will find in this book a wealth of puzzles to dive in and try to solve.'

Nicholas Valentino - University of Michigan

'Not many books are truly path-breaking. This one is. Filled with careful research and telling anecdotes, Davenport's work is an eye-opening guide to an increasingly important sector of the American electorate.'

Christopher Achen - Princeton University , New Jersey

'By decoupling ancestry and racial identification, Davenport offers a necessary and nuanced addition to literature on the multiracial experience in the United States. Politics Beyond Black and White is a clearly written and compelling read not only for sociologists and political scientists but also for anyone interested in multiracial identity and its implications for the future of American politics.'

Aliya Saperstein - Stanford University, California

'… achieves its goal to provide improved (quantitative) data on biracial Americans’ identities and political attitudes …’

Jennifer Patrice Sims Source: American Journal of Sociology

'Politics beyond Black and White is a must read for anyone interested in learning about the social and political consequences of a group that is poised to play a vital role in the electoral politics of the nation.'

LaFleur Stephens-Dougan Source: Perspectives on Politics

'… a timely intervention into the study of racial politics, forcing us to think about politics beyond singular racial identities, as the title of the book so aptly suggests. Politics beyond Black and White is a must read for anyone interested in learning about the social and political consequences of a group that is poised to play a vital role in the electoral politics of the nation.'

LaFleur Stephens-Dougan Source: Perspectives on Politics

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

Bibliography

Adida, Claire L., Davenport, Lauren D., and McClendon, Gwyneth. 2016. “Ethnic Cueing across Minorities: A Survey Experiment on Candidate Evaluation in the United States.” Public Opinion Quarterly 80(4): 815836.
Alba, Richard D. 1992. Ethnic Identity: The Transformation of White America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Alba, Richard D. and Nee, Victor. 2003. Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Alexander, Michelle. 2012. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press.
Allen, G.E., Garriott, Patton O., Reyes, Carla J., and Hsieh, Catherine. 2013. “Racial Identity, Phenotype, and Self-Esteem Among Biracial Polynesian/White Individuals.” Family Relations 62(1): 8291.
Anderson, Margo J. and Fienberg, Stephen E.. 1999. Who Counts: The Politics of Census-Taking in Contemporary America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Antonovsky, Aaron. 1956. “Toward a Refinement of the Marginal Man Concept.” Social Forces 35: 5761.
Bailey, Stanley R. 2008. “Unmixing for Race Making in Brazil.” American Journal of Sociology 114(3): 577614.
Bailey, Stanley R. and Telles, Edward E.. 2006. “Multiracial Versus Collective Black Categories: Examining Census Classification Debates in Brazil.” Ethnicities 6(1): 74101.
Banks, Ralph Richard. 2011. Is Marriage for White People? How the African American Marriage Decline Affects Everyone. New York: Dutton Adult.
Bankston, Carl L. and Zhou, Min. 1996. “The Ethnic Church, Ethnic Identification, and the Social Adjustment of Vietnamese Adolescents.” Review of Religious Research 38(1): 1837.
Barreto, Matt A. 2007. “Si Se Puede! Latino Candidates and the Mobilization of Latino Voters.” American Political Science Review 101(3): 425441.
Barreto, Matt A, Manzano, Sylvia, Ramirez, Ricardo, and Rim, Kathy. 2009. “Mobilization, Participation, and Solidaridad Latino Participation in the 2006 Immigration Protest Rallies.” Urban Affairs Review 44(5): 736764.
Barton, Josef J. 1975. Peasants and Strangers: Italians, Rumanians, and Slovaks in an American City, 1890–1950. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bengtson, Vern L. 1975. “Generation and Family Effects in Value Socialization.” American Sociological Review 40(3): 358371.
Bengtson, Vern L, Biblarz, Timothy J., and Roberts, Robert E.L.. 2002. How Families Still Matter: A Longitudinal Study of Youth in Two Generations. New York: Cambridge University Press.
“Blacks Upbeat about Black Progress, Prospects.” 2010. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. January 12 (www.pewsocialtrends.org/2010/01/12/blacks-upbeat-about-black-progress-prospects/).
Blair, Irene V., Judd, Charles M., Sadler, Melody S., and Jenkins, Christopher. 2002. “The Role of Afrocentric Features in Person Perception: Judging by Features and Categories.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83(1): 525.
Bobo, Lawrence. 1988. “Group Conflict, Prejudice, and the Paradox of Contemporary Racial Attitudes.” In Karz, Phyllis A. and Taylor, Dalmas A., eds., Eliminating Racism, 85114. New York: Springer.
Bodenhausen, Galen V. and Macrae, C. Neil. 1998. “Stereotype Activation and Inhibition.” In Wyer, Robert S., ed., Stereotype Activation and Inhibition: Advances in Social Cognition, 152. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2006. Racism Without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefeld Publishing Inc.
Bracey, Jeana R., Bamaca, Mayra Y., and Umana-Taylor, Adriana J.. 2004. “Examining Ethnic Identity and Self-Esteem Among Biracial and Monoracial Adolescents.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 33(2): 123132.
Brackett, Kimberly P., Marcus, Ann, McKenzie, Nelya J., Mullins, Larry C., Tang, Zongli, and Allen, Annette M.. 2006. “The Effects of Multiracial Identification on Students’ Perceptions of Racism.” The Social Science Journal 43(3): 437444.
Bratter, Jenifer. 2007. “Will ‘Multiracial’ Survive to the Next Generation? The Racial Classification of Children of Multiracial Parents.” Social Forces 86(2): 821849.
Brewer, Marilyn B. 1988. “A Dual Process Model of Impression Formation.” In Skrull, Thomas K. and Wyer, Jr Robert S.., eds., Advances in Social Cognition Volume I, 136. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Brown, Terry D., Dane, Francis C., and Durham, Marcus D.. 1998. “Perception of Race and Ethnicity.” Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 13(2): 295306.
Brown, Ursula M. 2001. The Interracial Experience: Growing up Black/White Racially Mixed in the United States. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
Browning, Rufus P., Marshall, Dale Rogers, and Tabb, David H.. 1984. Protest is Not Enough. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Brubaker, Rogers. 2009. “Ethnicity, Race, and Nationalism.” Annual Review of Sociology 35: 2142.
Brunsma, David L. 2005. “Interracial Families and the Racial Identification of Mixed-Race Children: Evidence from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study.” Social Forces 84(2): 11311157.
Calhoun-Brown, Allison. 1996. “The Politics of African American Churches.” Journal of Politics 58: 535593.
Calhoun-Brown, Allison. 1999. “The Image of God: Black Theology and Racial Empowerment in the African American Community.” Review of Religious Research 30(3): 197212.
Campbell, Mary E. and Eggerling-Boeck, Jennifer. 2006. “What About the Children? The Psychological and Social Well-Being of Multiracial Adolescents.” The Sociological Quarterly 47(1): 147173.
Campbell, Mary E. and Troyer, Lisa. 2007. “The Implications of Racial Misclassification by Observers.” American Sociological Review 72(5): 750765.
Campbell, Mary E. and Herman, Melissa R.. 2010. “Politics and Policies: Attitudes Toward Multiracial Americans.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 33(9): 15111536.
Campbell, Mary E. 2007. “Thinking Outside the (Black) Box: Measuring Black and Multiracial Identification on Surveys.” Social Science Research 36(3): 921944.
Carson, E. Ann. 2015. U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. “Prisoners in 2014.” U.S. Department of Justice, September 2015 (www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/p14.pdf).
Chandra, Kanchan. 2001. “Cumulative Findings in the Study of Ethnic Politics.” APSA-CP Newsletter of the Organized Section in Comparative Politics of the American Political Science Association 12(1): 711.
Chandra, Kanchan. 2006. “What is Ethnic Identity and Does it Matter?” Annual Review of Political Science 9: 397424.
“Changing Faiths: Latinos and the Transformation of American Religion.” 2007. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, April 25 (www.pewforum.org/2007/04/25/changing-faiths-latinos-and-the-transformation-of-american-religion-2/).
Cheng, Simon and Lively, Kathryn J.. 2009. “Multiracial Self-Identification and Adolescent Outcomes: A Social Psychological Approach to the Marginal Man Theory.” Social Forces 88(1): 6198.
Chong, Dennis and Rogers, Reuel. 2005. “Racial Solidarity and Political Participation.” Political Behavior 27(4): 347374.
Chong, Kelly H. 1998. “What it Means to be Christian: The Role of Religion in the Construction of Ethnic Identity and Boundary Among Second-Generation Korean Americans.” Sociology of Religion 59(3): 259286.
Citrin, Jack, Levy, Morris, and Van Houweling, Robert P.. 2014. “Americans Fill Out President Obama's Census Form: What is His Race?” Social Science Quarterly 95(4): 11211136.
Colby, Sandra L. and Ortman, Jennifer M.. 2015. “Projections of the Size and Composition of the U.S. Population: 2014 to 2060.” U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Reports, March 2015 (www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/demo/p25–1143.pdf).
Collins, J. Fuji. 2000. “Biracial Japanese American Identity: An Evolving Process.” Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 6(2): 115133.
Connell, R.W. 1972. “Political Socialization in the American Family: The Evidence Re-Examined.” Public Opinion Quarterly 36(3): 323333.
Conover, Pamela Johnston. 1984. “The Influence of Group Identifications on Political Perception and Evaluation.” The Journal of Politics 46(3): 760785.
Cooney, Teresa M. and Radina, M. Elise. 2000. “Adjustment Problems in Adolescence: Are Multiracial Children at Risk?” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 70(4): 433444.
Corbett, Sara. 2009. “A Prom Divided.” The New York Times, May 21.
Cornell, Stephen and Hartmann, Douglas. 2007. Ethnicity and Race: Making Identities in a Changing World. Newbury Park, CA: Pine Forge Press.
Crary, David. 2007. “U.S. Interracial Marriage Rate Soars.” Time, April 12.
Crenshaw, Kimberle. 1989. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex.” University of Chicago Legal Forum pp. 139167.
Cross, William E. 1991. Shades of Black: Diversity in African-American Identity. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Cunningham, William A., Johnson, Marcia K., Raye, Carol L., Gatenby, J. Chris, Gore, John C., and Banaji, Mahzarin R.. 2004. “Separable Neural Components in the Processing of Black and White Faces.” Psychological Science 15(12): 806813.
DaCosta, Kimberly McClain. 2007. Making Multiracials: State, Family, and Market in the Redrawing of the Color Line. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Dalmage, Heather M. 2000. Tripping on the Color Line: Black-white Multiracial Families in a Racially Divided World. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Daniel, Roger. 2004. Guarding the Golden Door. New York: Hill and Wang.
Davenport, Lauren D. 2016. “Beyond Black and White: Biracial Attitudes in Contemporary U.S. Politics.” American Political Science Review 110(1): 5267.
Davis, F. James. 2001. Who is Black? One Nation's Definition. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Davis, James A. 1992. “Changeable Weather in a Cooling Climate Atop the Liberal Plateau: Conversion and Replacement in Forty-Two General Social Survey Items, 1972–1989.” Public Opinion Quarterly 56(3): 261306.
Dawson, Michael C. 1994. Behind the Mule: Race and Class in African-American Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Dawson, Michael C. 2001. Black Visions: The Roots of Contemporary African-American Political Ideologies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
de Graauw, Els. 2014. “Municipal ID Cards for Undocumented Immigrants: Local Bureaucratic Membership in a Federal System.” Politics & Society 42(3): 309330.
Devos, Thierry and Banaji, Mahzarin R.. 2005. “American = White?” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88(3): 447466.
Dougherty, Kevin D. and Huyser, Kimberly R.. 2008. “Racially Diverse Congregations: Organizational Identity and the Accommodation of Differences.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 47(1): 2344.
Doyle, Jamie Mihoko and Kao, Grace. 2007. “Are Racial Identities of Multiracials Stable? Changing Self-Identification Among Single and Multiple Race Individuals.” Social Psychology Quarterly 70(4): 405423.
Du Bois, W.E.B. 1900. “The Twelfth Census and the Negro Problems.” The Southern Workman 29(2): 306309.
Du Bois, W.E.B. 1903a. The Souls of Black Folk (1989 edition). New York: Bantam.
Du Bois, W.E.B. 1903b. The Talented Tenth. New York: James Pott and Co.
Eberhardt, Jennifer L., Davies, Paul G., Purdie-Vaughns, Valerie J., and Johnson, Sheri Lynn. 2006. “Looking Deathworthy: Perceived Stereotypicality of Black Defendants Predicts Capital-Sentencing Outcomes.” Psychological Science 17(5): 383386.
Ehrenfreund, Max and Guo, Jeff. 2016. “If You've Ever Described People as ‘White Working Class,’ Read This.” The Washington Post, November 23, 2016.
Elam, Michele. 2011. The Souls of Mixed Folk: Race, Politics, and Aesthetics in the New Millennium. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Emerson, Michael O. and Woo, Rodney M.. 2006. People of the Dream: Multiracial Congregations in the United States. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Eschbach, Karl. 1995. “The Enduring and Vanishing American Indian: American Indian Population Growth and Intermarriage in 1990.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 18(1): 89108.
Espenshade, Thomas J. and Radford, Alexandria Walton. 2009. No Longer Separate, Not Yet Equal: Race and Class in Elite College Admission and Campus Life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Espiritu, Yen. 1992. Asian American Panethnicity: Bridging Institutions and Identities. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Farley, Reynolds. 2002. “Racial Identities in 2000: The Response to the Multiple-Race Response Option.” In Waters, Mary and Perlmann, Joel, eds., The New Race Question: How the Census Counts Multiracial Individuals, 3361. New York: Russell Sage.
Fearon, James D. 2006. “Ethnic Mobilization and Ethnic Violence.” In Weingast, Barry R. and Wittman, Donald A., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Political Economy, 852868. New York: Oxford University Press.
Fearon, James D. and Laitin, David D.. 2000. “Violence and the Social Construction of Ethnic Identity.” International Organization 54(4): 845877.
Feliciano, Cynthia, Robnett, Belinda, and Komaie, Golnaz. 2009. “Gendered Racial Exclusion Among White Internet Daters.” Social Science Research 38(1): 3954.
Fiske, Susan T. and Taylor, Shelley E.. 1991. Social Cognition, 2nd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
Fiske, Susan T. and Neuberg, Steven L.. 1990. “A Continuum Model of Impression Formation: From Category-Based to Individuating Processes as a Function of Information, Motivation, and Attention.” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 23: 174.
Flagg, Barbara J. 1993. “‘Was Blind, But Now I See’: White Race Consciousness and the Requirement of Discriminatory Intent.” Michigan Law Review 91(5): 9531017.
Foster, Mary. “Interracial Couple Denied Marriage License in Louisiana,” Associated Press, October 16, 2009.
Fraser, Suzanne. 2003. Cosmetic Surgery, Gender and Culture. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Fred, Phillips-Patrick J. and Clifford, Rossi V.. 1996. “Statistical Evidence of Mortgage Redlining? A Cautionary Tale.” Journal of Real Estate Research 11(1): 1323.
Fredrickson, George M. 2002. Racism: A Short History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Fryer, Roland G. 2007. “Guess Who's Been Coming to Dinner? Trends in Interracial Marriage Over the 20th Century.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 21(2): 7190.
Fryer, Roland G., Kahn, Lisa, Levitt, Steven D., and Spenkuch, Jorg L.. 2012. “The Plight of Mixed Race Adolescents.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 94(3): 621634.
Funderburg, Lise. 1994. Black, White, Other: Biracial Americans Talk about Race and Identity. New York: William Morrow.
Gans, Herbert J. 1979. “Symbolic Ethnicity: The Future of Ethnic Groups and Cultures in America.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 2(1): 120.
Gans, Herbert J. 2012. “Whitening and the Changing American Racial Hierarchy.” Du Bois Review 9(2): 267279.
Garcia, F. Chris. 1988. Latinos and the Political System. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
Gay, C. 2004. “Putting Race in Context: Identifying the Environmental Determinants of Black Racial Attitudes.” American Political Science Review 98(4): 547562.
Gay, Claudine and Tate, Katherine. 1998. “Doubly Bound: The Impact of Gender and Race on the Politics of Black Women.” Political Psychology 19(1): 169184.
Gibbs, Jewelle T. and Hines, Alice M.. 1992. Negotiating Ethnic Identity: Issues for Black-White Adolescents. London: Sage Publications, Inc.
Gibbs, Jewelle Taylor. 1987. “Identity and Marginality: Issues in the Treatment of Bi-racial Adolescents.” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 57: 265278.
Gilens, Martin. 1999. Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Goldstein, Joshua R. and Morning, Ann J.. 2000. “The Multiple-Race Population of the United States: Issues and Estimates.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97(11): 62306235.
Goldstein, Joshua R. and Morning, Ann J.. 2005. “Back in the Box: The Dilemma of Using Multiple-Race Data for Single-Race Laws.” In Waters, Mary and Perlmann, Joel, eds., The New Race Question: How the Census Counts Multiracial Individuals, 119136. New York: Russell Sage.
Gonzales, Sylvia Alicia. 1985. Hispanic American Voluntary Organizations. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Gordon, Milton M. 1964. Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion, and National Origins. New York: Oxford University Press.
Green, Arnold W. 1947. “A Re-examination of the Marginal Man Concept.” Social Forces 26(2): 167171.
Greenstein, Fred I. 1965. Children and Politics. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Grove, Kwai Julienne. 1991. “Identity Development in Interracial, Asian/White Late Adolescents: Must it Be So Problematic?” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 20(6): 617628.
Gurin, Patricia, Miller, Arthur H., and Gurin, Gerald. 1980. “Stratum Identification and Consciousness.” Social Psychology Quarterly 43(1): 3047.
Hamel, Liz, Sugarman, Elise, and Brodie, Mollyann. 2016. “Kaiser Family Foundation/CNN Working-Class Whites Poll.” Menlo Park, CA: The Kaiser Family Foundation. September 23, 2016 (www.kff.org/other/report/kaiser-family-foundationcnn-working-class-whites-poll/).
Haney-Lopez, Ian. 2006. White By Law: The Legal Construction of Race. New York: NYU Press.
Harris, David. 1994. “The 1990 Census Count of American Indians: What Do the Numbers Really Mean?” Social Science Quarterly 75(3): 580593.
Harris, David R. and Sim, Jeremiah Joseph. 2002. “Who is Multiracial? Assessing the Complexity of Lived Race.” American Sociological Review 67(4): 614627.
Harris, David R. and Thomas, Justin L.. 2002. “The Educational Costs of Being Multiracial: Evidence From a National Survey of Adolescents.” Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Population Studies Center at the Institute for Social Research.
Harris-Lacewell, Melissa V. 2006. Barbershops, Bibles, and BET: Everyday Talk and Black Political Thought. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Hartman, Harriet and Kaufman, Debra. 2006. “Decentering the Study of Jewish Identity: Opening the Dialogue With Other Religious Groups.” Sociology of Religion 67(4): 365385.
Herman, Melissa. 2004. “Forced to Choose: Some Determinants of Racial Identification in Multiracial Adolescents.” Child Development 75(3): 730748.
Hess, Robert D. and Torney, Judith. 1967. The Development of Political Attitudes in Children. New York: Routledge.
Hill, Mark E. 2002. “Skin Color and the Perception of Attractiveness Among African Americans: Does Gender Make a Difference?” Social Psychology Quarterly 65(1): 7791.
Hitlin, Scott, Brown, J. Scott, and Elder, Jr Glen H.. 2006. “Racial Self-Categorization in Adolescence: Multiracial Development and Social Pathways.” Child Development 77(5): 12981308.
Ho, Arnold K., Sidanius, Jim, Levin, Daniel T., and Banaji, Mahzarin R.. 2011. “Evidence for Hypodescent and Racial Hierarchy in the Categorization and Perception of Biracial Individuals.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 100(3): 492506.
Hochschild, Jennifer L. and Powell, Brenna Marea. 2008. “Racial Reorganization and the United States Census 1850–1930: Mulattoes, Half-Breeds, Mixed Parentage, Hindoos, and the Mexican Race.” Studies in American Political Development 22(1): 5996.
Hochschild, Jennifer L., Weaver, Vesla M. and Burch, Traci R.. 2012. Creating a New Racial Order: How Immigration, Multiracialism, Genomics, and the Young Can Remake Race in America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Hochschild, Jennifer L. and Weaver, Vesla. 2007. “The Skin Color Paradox and the American Racial Order.” Social Forces 86(2): 643670.
Hochschild, Jennifer L. and Weaver, Vesla. 2010. “There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama: The Politics and Policy of Multiracialism in the United States.” Perspectives on Politics 8(3): 737759.
hooks, bell. 1981. Ain't I a Woman? Black Women and Feminism. Boston, MA: South End Press.
Horowitz, Daniel L. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Howard, Judith A. 2000. “Social Psychology of Identities.” Annual Review of Sociology 26: 367393.
Huddy, Leonie. 2003. “Group Identity and Political Cohesion.” In Sears, David O., Huddy, Leonie, and Jervis, Robert, eds., Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, 511558. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hunter, Margaret. 2004. Light, Bright, and Almost White: The Advantages and Disadvantages of Light Skin. In Herrin, Cedric, Keith, Verna M., and Derrick, Hayward, eds., Horton, , Skin Deep: How Race and Complexion Matter in the “Color-Blind” Era, 4564. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Hunter, Margaret. 2007. “The Persistent Problem of Colorism: Skin Tone, Status, and Inequality.” Sociology Compass 1(1): 237254.
Hutchings, Vincent L. 2009. “Change or More of the Same? Evaluating Racial Attitudes in the Obama Era.” Public Opinion Quarterly 73(5): 917942.
Hutchings, Vincent L. and Valentino, Nicholas A.. 2004. “The Centrality of Race in American Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 7: 383408.
Hyman, Herbert. 1959. Political Socialization. New York: Free Press.
Ito, Tiffany A. and Urland, Geoffrey R.. 2003. “Race and Gender on the Brain: Electrocortical Measures of Attention to the Race and Gender of Multiply Categorizable Individuals.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85(4): 616626.
Iyengar, Shanto and Westwood, Sean J.. 2015. “Fear and Loathing Across Party Lines: New Evidence on Group Polarization.” American Journal of Political Science 59(3): 690707.
Jardina, Ashley. 2014. “Demise of Dominance: Group Threat and the New Relevance of White Identity for American Politics.” Unpublished dissertation, the University of Michigan.
Jaret, Charles and Reitzes, Donald C.. 1999. “The Importance of Racial-Ethnic Identity and Social Setting For Blacks, Whites, and Multiracials.” Sociological Perspectives 42(4): 711737.
Jennings, M. Kent and Stoker, Laura. 2006. “Evaluating Dramatic Events During the Formative Years: A Longitudinal Approach.” Paper presented at the Midwest Political Science Association Meeting.
Jennings, M. Kent, Stoker, Laura, and Bowers, Jake. 2009. “Politics Across Generations: Family Transmission Reexamined.” Journal of Politics 71(3): 782799.
Jennings, M. Kent and Niemi, Richard G.. 1968. “The Transmission of Political Values from Parent to Child.” The American Political Science Review 62(1): 169184.
Jones, Nicholas A. and Bullock, Jungmiwha. 2012. “The Two or More Races Population: 2010.” 2010 Census Brief. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau.
Junn, Jane and Masuoka, Natalie. 2008. “Asian American Identity: Shared Racial Status and Political Context.” Perspectives on Politics 6(4): 729740.
Kao, Grace. 1999. “Racial Identity and Academic Performance: An Examination of Biracial Asian and African American Youth.” Journal of Asian American Studies 2(3): 223249.
Kasinitz, Philip, Mollenkopf, John H., Waters, Mary C., and Holdaway, Jennifer. 2009. Inheriting the City: The Children of Immigrants Come of Age. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Kerckhoff, Alan C. and McCormick, Thomas C.. 1955. “Marginal Status and Marginal Personality.” Social Forces 34(1): 4855.
Khanna, Nikki. 2004. “The Role of Reflected Appraisals in Racial Identity: The Case of Multiracial Asians.” Social Psychology Quarterly 67(2): 115131.
Khanna, Nikki. 2011. Biracial in America: Forming and Performing Racial Identity. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Kinder, Donald R. and Sanders, Lynn M.. 1996. Divided By Color: Racial Politics and Democratic Ideals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kinder, Donald R. and Winter, Nicholas. 2001. “Exploring the Racial Divide: Blacks, Whites, and Opinion on National Policy.” American Journal of Political Science 45(2): 439456.
Kochhar, Rakesh, Taylor, Paul, and Fry, Richard. 2011. “Wealth Gaps Rise to Record Highs Between Whites, Blacks and Hispanics.” Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, July 26 (www.pewsocialtrends.org/2011/07/26/wealth-gaps-rise-to-record-highs-between-whites-blacks-hispanics/).
Kuo, Alexander, Malhotra, Neil, and Mo, Cecilia Hyunjung. 2017. “Social Exclusion and Political Identity: The Case of Asian American Partisanship.” The Journal of Politics 79(1): 1732.
Kurien, Prema A. 2005. “Being Young, Brown, and Hindu: The Identity Struggles of Second-Generation Indian Americans.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 34(4): 434469.
“Latinos and the New Trump Administration.” 2017. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, February 23 (www.pewhispanic.org/2017/02/23/latinos-and-the-new-trump-administration/).
Lee, Jaekyung. 2002. “Racial and Ethnic Achievement Gap Trends: Reversing the Progress Toward Equity?” Educational Researcher 31(1): 312.
Lee, Jennifer and Bean, Frank D.. 2010. The Diversity Paradox: Immigration and the Color Line in Twenty-first Century America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Publications.
Lee, Taeku. 2008. “Race, Immigration, and the Identity-to-Politics Link.” Annual Review of Political Science 11: 457478.
Lien, Pei-Te. 2001. “Voting Participation: Race, Gender, and the Comparative Status of Asian American Women.” In Chang, Gordon H., ed., Asian Americans and Politics, 173196. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Lipsitz, George. 2006. The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: How White People Profit From Identity Politics. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Livingston, Gretchen and Brown, Anna. 2017. “Intermarriage in the U.S. 50 Years After Loving v. Virginia.” Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, May 18 (www.pewsocialtrends.org/2017/05/18/intermarriage-in-the-u-s-50-years-after-loving-v-virginia/).
Locke, Vance, Macrae, C. Neil, and Eaton, Jackson L.. 2005. “Is Person Categorization Modulated by Exemplar Typicality?” Social Cognition 23(5): 417428.
Loveman, Mara and Muniz, Jeronimo O.. 2007. “How Puerto Rico Became White: Boundary Dynamics and Intercensus Racial Reclassification.” American Sociological Review 72(6): 915939.
Maddox, Keith B. 2004. “Perspectives on Racial Phenotypicality Bias.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 8(4): 383401.
Maddox, Keith B. and Gray, Stephanie A.. 2002. “Cognitive Representations of Black Americans: Reexploring the Role of Skin Tone.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28(2): 250259.
Maniam, Shiva. 2016. “Many Voters, Especially Blacks, Expect Race Relations to Worsen Following Trump's Election.” Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, November 21 (www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/11/21/race-relations-following-trumps-election/).
Massey, Douglas S. and Denton, Nancy A.. 1993. American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Masuoka, Natalie. 2008. “Political Attitudes and Ideologies of Multiracial Americans: The Implications of Mixed Race in the United States.” Political Research Quarterly 61(2): 253267.
Masuoka, Natalie. 2011. “The Multiracial Option: Social Group Identity and Changing Patterns of Racial Categorization.” American Politics Research 39(1): 176204.
McClain, Paula D., Carew, Jessica D. Johnson, Walton, Eugene, and Watts, Candis S.. 2009. “Group Membership, Group Identity, and Group Consciousness: Measures of Racial Identity in American Politics?” Annual Review of Political Science 12: 471485.
McClain, Paula D. and Stewart, Joseph. 2006. “Can We All Get Along?” Racial and Ethnic Minorities in American Politics. Boulder, CO: Westview.
McDaniel, Eric L. 2008. Politics in the Pews: The Political Mobilization of Black Churches. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Mendelberg, Tali. 2001. The Race Card: Campaign Strategy, Implicit Messages, and the Norm of Equality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Mollenkopf, John H. 1983. The Contested City. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
“Multiracial in America: Proud, Diverse, and Growing in Numbers.” 2015. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, June 11 (www.pewsocialtrends.org/2015/06/11/multiracial-in-america/).
Myers, Scott M. 1996. “An Interactive Model of Religiosity Inheritance: The Importance of Family Context.” American Sociological Review 61(5): 858866.
Myrdal, Gunnar. 1944. An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. New York: Harper & Row.
Naber, Nadine. 2006. “The Rules of Forced Engagement: Race, Gender, and the Culture of Fear Among Arab Immigrants in San Francisco Post-9/11.” Cultural Dynamics 18(3): 235267.
Nagel, Joane. 1995. “American Indian Ethnic Renewal: Politics and the Resurgence of Identity.” American Sociological Review 60(6): 947965.
“Fast Facts: Back to School Statistics 2014.” 2014. National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences (http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=372).
Newport, Frank. 2013. “In U.S., 87% Approve of Black-White Marriage, vs. 4% in 1958.” Gallup, July 25 (www.gallup.com/poll/163697/approve-marriage-blacks-whites.aspx).
Niemi, Richard G. and Jennings, M. Kent. 1991. “Issues and Inheritance in the Formation of Party Identification.” American Journal of Political Science 35(4): 970988.
Nishimura, Nancy J. 1995. “Addressing the Needs of Biracial Children: An Issue for Counselors in a Multicultural School Environment.” The School Counselor 43(1): 5257.
Nobles, Melissa. 2000. Shades of Citizenship: Race and the Census in Modern Politics. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Oliver, Melvin L. and Shapiro, Thomas M.. 2006. Black Wealth, White Wealth: A New Perspective on Racial Inequality. New York: Taylor & Francis.
“On Views of Race and Inequality, Blacks and Whites Are Worlds Apart.” 2016. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, June 27 (www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/06/27/on-views-of-race-and-inequality-blacks-and-whites-are-worlds-apart/).
Omi, Michael and Winant, Howard. 1994. Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s. New York: Routledge.
Owen, Diana and Dennis, Jack. 1987. “Preadult Development of Political Tolerance.” Political Psychology 8(4): 547561.
Panter, A.T., Daye, Charles E., Allen, Walter R., Wightman, Linda F., and Deo, Meera E.. 2009. “It Matters How and When You Ask: Self-Reported Race/Ethnicity of Incoming Law Students.” Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 15(1): 51.
Park, Robert E. 1928. “Human Migration and the Marginal Man.” American Journal of Sociology 33(6): 881893.
Park, Robert E. 1931. “Mentality of Racial Hybrids.” American Journal of Sociology 36(4): 534551.
Passel, Jeffrey S., Wang, Wendy, and Taylor, Paul. 2010. “Marrying Out.” Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, June 15 (www.pewsocialtrends.org/files/2010/10/755-marrying-out.pdf).
Passel, Jeffrey S. and Berman, Patricia A.. 1986. “Quality of 1980 Census Data for American Indians.” Biodemography and Social Biology 33(3–4): 163182.
Pauker, Kristin, Weisbuch, Max, Ambady, Nalini, Sommers, Samuel R., Adams, Reginald B., and Ivcevic, Zorana. 2009. “Not So Black and White: Memory for Ambiguous Group Members.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 96(4): 795810.
Pauker, Kristin and Ambady, Nalini. 2009. “Multiracial Faces: How Categorization Affects Memory at the Boundaries of Race.” Journal of Social Issues 65(1): 6986.
Peery, Destiny and Bodenhausen, Galen V.. 2008. “Black + White = Black: Hypodescent in Reflexive Categorization of Racially Ambiguous Faces.” Psychological Science 19(10): 973977.
Penner, Andrew M. and Saperstein, Aliya. 2013. “Engendering Racial Perceptions: An Intersectional Analysis of How Social Status Shapes Race.” Gender & Society 27(3): 319344.
Perlman, Joel and Waters, Mary C., eds. 2005. The New Race Question: How the Census Counts Multiracial Individuals. New York: Russell Sage.
Portes, Alejandro and Rumbaut, Ruben G.. 2001. Legacies: The Story of the Immigrant Second Generation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
“A Portrait of Jewish Americans.” 2013. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, October 1 (www.pewforum.org/2013/10/01/jewish-american-beliefs-attitudes-culture-survey/).
Prewitt, Kenneth. 2013. What Is “Your” Race? The Census and Our Flawed Efforts to Classify Americans. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Qian, Zhenchao. 2004. “Options: Racial/Ethnic Identification of Children of Intermarried Couples.” Social Science Quarterly 85(3): 746766.
Qian, Zhenchao and Tichter, Daniel T.. 2007. “Social Boundaries and Marital Assimilation: Interpreting Trends in Racial and Ethnic Intermarriage.” American Sociological Review 72(1): 6894.
“Racial Attitudes in America II” Poll. 2009. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.
Rafael, Vicente L. 2000. White Love and Other Events in Filipino History. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Ramakrishnan, Karthick, Wong, Janelle, Lee, Taeku, and Junn, Jane. 2009. “Race-Based Considerations and the 2008 National Asian American Survey.” Du Bois Review 6(1): 219238.
Raphael, Steven. 1998. “The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis and Black Youth Joblessness: Evidence from the San Francisco Bay Area.” Journal of Urban Economics 43(1): 79111.
Renn, Kristen A. 2004. Mixed Race Students in College: The Ecology of Race, Identity, and Community on Campus. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Reuter, Edward Byron. 1918. The Mulatto in the United States. Boston: Gorham Press.
Rice, Zak Cheney. 2014. “National Geographic Determined What Americans Will Look Like in 2050, and It's Beautiful.” News.Mic, April 10 (mic.com/articles/87359/national-geographic-determined-what-americans-will-look-like-in-2050-and-it-s-beautiful#.dSErnoxoC).
“The Rise of Asian Americans.” 2012. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, June 19 (www.pewsocialtrends.org/2012/06/19/the-rise-of-asian-americans/).
Roberts, Sam and Baker, Peter. 2010. “Asked to Declare His Race, Obama Checks ‘Black’.” The New York Times, April 2.
Robnett, Belinda and Feliciano, Cynthia. 2011. “Patterns of Racial-Ethnic Exclusion by Internet Daters.” Social Forces 89(3): 807828.
Rockquemore, Kerry A. 2002. “Negotiating the Color Line: The Gendered Process of Racial Identity Construction Among Black/White Biracial Women.” Gender & Society 16(4): 485503.
Rockquemore, Kerry and Brunsma, David L.. 2008. Beyond Black: Biracial Identity in America, 2nd edition. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Roediger, David R. 1999. The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class. New York: Verso.
Rogers, Reuel R. 2006. Afro-Caribbean Immigrants and the Politics of Incorporation: Ethnicity, Exception, or Exit. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Root, Maria P.P. 1992. Racially Mixed People in America. London: Sage Publications.
Root, Maria P.P. 1996. The Multiracial Experience: Racial Borders as the New Frontier. London: Sage Publications.
Root, Maria P.P. 2001. Love's Revolution: Interracial Marriage. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Ropp, Steven Masami. 1997. “Do Multiracial Subjects Really Challenge Race? Mixed-Race Asians in the United States and the Caribbean.” Amerasia Journal 23(1): 116.
Roth, Wendy D. 2005. “The End of the One-Drop Rule? Labeling of Multiracial Children in Black Intermarriages.” Sociological Forum 20(1): 3567.
Ruebeck, Christopher S., Averett, Susan L., and Bodenhorn, Howard N.. 2009. “Acting White or Acting Black: Mixed-Race Adolescents’ Identity and Behavior.” The BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 9(1): 19351982.
Saenz, Rogelio, Hwang, Sean-Shong, Aguirre, Benigno E., and Anderson, Robert N.. 1995. “Persistence and Change in Asian Identity Among Children of Intermarried Couples.” Sociological Perspectives 38(2): 175194.
Sanchez, Delida and Carter, Robert T.. 2005. “Exploring the Relationship Between Racial Identity and Religious Orientation Among African American College Students.” Journal of College Student Development 46(3): 280295.
Sanchez, Diana T. and Bonam, Courtney M.. 2009. “To Disclose or Not to Disclose Biracial Identity: The Effect of Biracial Disclosure on Perceiver Evaluations and Target Responses.” Journal of Social Issues 65(1): 129149.
Sanchez, Gabriel R. 2006. “The Role of Group Consciousness in Political Participation Among Latinos in the United States.” American Politics Research 34(4): 427450.
Saperstein, Aliya and Penner, Andrew M.. 2012. “Racial Fluidity and Inequality in the United States.” American Journal of Sociology 118(3): 676727.
Saulny, Susan and Steinberg, Jacques. 2011. “On College Forms, a Question of Race, or Races, Can Perplex.” The New York Times, June 13.
Sax, Linda, Astin, Alexander W., Lindholm, Jennifer A., Korn, William S., Saenz, Victor B., and Mahoney, Kathryn M.. 2003. “The American Freshmen: National Norms for Fall 2003.” Los Angeles, CA: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA.
Sax, Linda, Lindholm, Jennifer A., Astin, Alexander W., Korn, William S., and Mahoney, Kathryn M.. 2001. “The American Freshmen: National Norms for Fall 2001.” Los Angeles, CA: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA.
Sax, Linda, Lindholm, Jennifer A., Astin, Alexander W., Korn, William S., and Mahoney, Kathryn M.. 2002. “The American Freshmen: National Norms for Fall 2002.” Los Angeles, CA: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA.
Scheitle, Christopher P. and Dougherty, Kevin D.. 2010. “Race, Diversity, and Membership Duration in Religious Congregations.” Sociological Inquiry 80(3): 405423.
Schildkraut, Deborah J. 2012. “Which Birds of a Feather Flock Together? Assessing Attitudes About Descriptive Representation Among Latinos and Asian Americans.” American Politics Research 41(4): 699729.
Schuman, Howard, Steeh, Charlotte, Bobo, Lawrence, and Krysan, Maria. 1997. Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Schuman, Howard and Rodgers, Willard L.. 2004. “Cohorts, Chronology, and Collective Memories.” Public Opinion Quarterly 68(2): 217254.
Schwartzman, Luisa Farah. 2007. “Does Money Whiten? Intergenerational Changes in Racial Classification in Brazil.” American Sociological Review 72(6): 940963.
Sears, David O., Lau, Richard R., Tyler, Tom R., and Allen, Jr Harris M.. 1980. “Self-Interest vs. Symbolic Politics in Policy Attitudes and Presidential Voting.” The American Political Science Review 74(3): 670684.
Segura, Denise A. 1989. “Chicana and Mexican Immigrant Women at Work: The Impact of Class, Race, and Gender on Occupational Mobility.” Gender & Society 3(1): 3752.
Self, Robert O. 2005. American Babylon: Race and the Struggle for Postwar Oakland. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Shelby, Tommie. 2005. We Who are Dark: The Philosophical Foundations of Black Solidarity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Belknap Press.
Shih, Margaret, Bonam, Courtney, Sanchez, Diana, and Peck, Courtney. 2007. “The Social Construction of Race: Biracial Identity and Vulnerability to Stereotypes.” Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 13(2): 125133.
Sidanius, Jim, Singh, Pam, Hetts, J.J., and Federico, C.. 2000. “It's Not Affirmative Action, It's the Blacks: The Continuing Relevance of Race in American Politics.” In Sears, David O., Sidanius, James, and Bobo, Lawrence, eds., Racialized Politics: The Debate About Racism in America, 191235. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Smith, William C. 1934. “The Hybrid in Hawaii as a Marginal Man.” American Journal of Sociology 39(4): 459468.
Snipp, C. Matthew. 1989. American Indians: The First of This Land. New York: Russell Sage.
Snipp, C. Matthew. 2003. “Racial Measurement in the American Census: Past Practices and Implications for the Future.” Annual Review of Sociology 29: 563588.
Song, Miri. 2009. “Is Intermarriage a Good Indicator of Integration?” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 35(2): 331348.
Spencer, Margaret B., Fegley, Suzanne G., and Harpalani, Vinay. 2003. “A Theoretical and Empirical Examination of Identity as Coping: Linking Coping Resources to the Self Processes of African American Youth.” Applied Developmental Science 7(3): 181188.
Spencer, Rainier. 2004. “Assessing Multiracial Identity Theory and Politics: The Challenge of Hypodescent.” Ethnicities 4(3): 357379.
Starrels, Marjorie E. 1994. “Gender Differences in Parent–Child Relations.” Journal of Family Issues 15(1): 148165.
Stoker, Laura and Bass, Jackie. 2011. “Political Socialization: Ongoing Questions and New Directions.” In The Oxford Handbook of American Public Opinion and the Media, eds. Shapiro, Robert Y. and Jacobs, Lawrence R.. New York: Oxford University Press.
Stonequist, Everett V. 1935. “The Problem of the Marginal Man.” American Journal of Sociology 41(1): 112.
Tajfel, Henri. 1981. Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Tajfel, Henri and Turner, John C.. 1986. “An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Relations.” In Worchel, Stephen and Austin, William G., eds., Psychology of Intergroup Relations, 724. New York: Burnham Inc.
Tate, Katherine. 1993. From Protest to Politics: The New Black Voters in American Elections. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Taylor, Clarence. 2002. Black Religious Intellectuals. New York: Routledge.
Taylor, Paul, Lopez, Mark Hugo, Martinez, Jessica, and Velasco, Gabriel. 2012. “When Labels Don't Fit: Hispanics and Their Views of Identity.” Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, April 4 (www.pewhispanic.org/2012/04/04/when-labels-dont-fit-hispanics-and-their-views-of-identity/).
Tedin, Kent L. 1980. “Assessing Peer and Parent Influence on Adolescent Political Attitudes.” American Journal of Political Science 24(1): 136154.
Telles, Edward E. 2004. Race in Another America: The Significance of Skin Color in Brazil. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Telles, Edward E. and Sue, Christina A.. 2009. “Race Mixture: Boundary Crossing in Comparative Perspective.” Annual Review of Sociology 35(1): 129146.
Tesler, Michael. 2016a. Post-Racial or Most-Racial? Race and Politics in the Obama Era. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Tesler, Michael. 2016b. “Views About Race Mattered More in Electing Trump Than in Electing Obama.” The Washington Post, November 22.
Thomas, L. Eugene. 1971. “Political Attitude Congruence Between Politically Active Parents and College-Age Children: An Inquiry Into Family Political Socialization.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 33(2): 375386.
Thompson, Maxine S. and Keith, Verna M.. 2004. “Copper Brown and Blue Black: Colorism and Self-Evaluation.” In Herrin, Cedric, Keith, Verna M., and Horton, Hayward Derrick, eds. Skin Deep: How Race and Complexion Matter In The ‘Color-Blind’ Era, 4564. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Tizard, Barbara and Phoenix, Ann. 2002. Black, White or Mixed Race? Race and Racism in the Lives of Young People of Mixed Parentage. New York: Routledge Press.
Troll, Lillian E., Neugarten, Bernice L., and Kraines, Ruth J.. 1969. “Similarities in Values and Other Personality Characteristics in College Students and Their Parents.” Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: Journal of Developmental Psychology 15(4): 323336.
Truman, Jennifer, Langton, Lynn, and Planty, Michael. 2013. “Criminal Victimization, 2012.” U.S. Department of Justice (www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cv12.pdf).
Tseng, Vivian and Fuligni, Andrew J.. 2000. “Parent–Adolescent Language Use and Relationships Among Immigrant Families with East Asian, Filipino, and Latin American Backgrounds.” Journal of Marriage and Family 62(2): 465476.
Twine, France Winddance. 1996. “Brown Skinned White Girls: Class, Culture and the Construction of White Identity in Suburban Communities.” Gender, Place and Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography 3(2): 205224.
U.S. Census Bureau. 1860. “Census History, Through the Decades – 1860.” U.S. Census Bureau Index of Questions (www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/index_of_questions/1860_1.html).
U.S. Census Bureau. 1890. “Census History, Through the Decades – 1890.” U.S. Census Bureau Index of Questions (www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/index_of_questions/1890_1.html).
U.S. Census Bureau. 1900. “Census History, Through the Decades – 1900.” U.S. Census Bureau Index of Questions (www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/index_of_questions/1900_1.html).
U.S. Census Bureau. 1930. “Census History, Through the Decades – 1930.” U.S. Census Bureau Index of Questions (www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/index_of_questions/1930_1.html).
U.S. Census Bureau. 1940. “Census History, Through the Decades – 1940.” U.S. Census Bureau Index of Questions (www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/index_of_questions/1940_housing.html).
U.S. Census Bureau. 2016. “Detailed Race: 2015.” American Fact Finder, Census Summary File 1(SF1) 100-Percent Data.
U.S. Religious Landscape Survey.” 2009. Washington, DC: Pew Research, November 9, 2009. (www.pewresearch.org/2009/11/09/religious-landscape-survey-data-release/).
Villarreal, Andrés. 2010. “Stratification by Skin Color in Contemporary Mexico.” American Sociological Review 75(5): 652678.
Wang, Wendy. 2012. “The Rise of Intermarriage.” Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, February 16 (www.pewsocialtrends.org/2012/02/16/the-rise-of-intermarriage/).
Wang, Wendy. 2015. “Interracial marriage: Who is ‘marrying out’?” Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, June 12 (www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/06/12/interracial-marriage-who-is-marrying-out/).
Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard University. 2001. Race and Ethnicity in 2001: Attitudes, Perceptions, and Experiences. Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation.
Waters, Mary C. 1990. Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Waters, Mary C. 1999. Black Identities: West Indian Immigrant Dreams and American Realities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Waters, Mary C. 2000. “Immigration, Intermarriage, and the Challenges of Measuring Racial/Ethnic Identities.” American Journal of Public Health 90(11): 17351737.
White, Walter. 1948. A Man Called White: The Autobiography of Walter White. New York: Viking.
Willadsen-Jensen, Eve C. and Ito, Tifany A.. 2006. “Ambiguity and the Timecourse of Racial Perception.” Social Cognition 24(5): 580606.
Williams, Kim M. 2006. Mark One or More: Civil Rights in Multiracial America. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Williams-Lefon, Teresa and Nakashima, Cynthia L.. 2001. The Sum of Our Parts: Mixed-Heritage Asian Americans. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Williamson, Joel. 1980. New People: Miscegenation and Mulattoes in the United States. New York: Free Press.
Wilson, William Julius. 1980. The Declining Significance of Race. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Wolf, Naomi. 1991. The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women. New York: Random House.
Wong, Janelle S., Lien, Pei-Te, and Conway, M. Margaret. 2005. “Group-Based Resources and Political Participation Among Asian Americans.” American Politics Research 33(4): 545576.
Xie, Yu and Goyette, Kimberly. 1997. “The Racial Identification of Biracial Children With One Asian Parent: Evidence From the 1990 Census.” Social Forces 76(2): 547570.
Ying, Yu-Wen and Lee, Peter A.. 1999. “The Development of Ethnic Identity in Asian-American Adolescents: Status and Outcome.” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 69(2): 194208.
Zhou, Min. 2004. “Are Asian Americans Becoming ‘White?’Contexts 3(1): 2937.
Zolberg, Aristide R. and Woon, Long Litt. 1999. “Why Islam is Like Spanish: Cultural Incorporation in Europe and the United States.” Politics and Society 27: 538.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.