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14 results in A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure

  • 2 - Microstructures of Sedimentary Rocks

  • Ron H. Vernon, Macquarie University, Sydney
  • Book:
    A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure
    Published online:
    19 November 2018
    Print publication:
    06 December 2018, pp 7-27

  • Summary

    Photomicrographs of quartz sandstones and volcanic sandstones reflect variations in fragment shape and sorting, as well as maturity, provenance and contrasts between cement and matrix. Pyroclastic sediments and glass shard devitrification are also illustrated and discussed, as are the effects of diagenesis. The chapter concludes with biogenic and chemical sedimentary rocks.

  • 4 - Microstructures of Metamorphic Rocks

  • Ron H. Vernon, Macquarie University, Sydney
  • Book:
    A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure
    Published online:
    19 November 2018
    Print publication:
    06 December 2018, pp 135-227

  • Summary

    Microstructures of metamorphic rocks reflect metamorphic reactions, as well as minimization of interfacial free energy, leading to the formation of polygonal aggregates, rounded inclusion shapes and idioblastic crystals, depending on the degree of crystal anisotropy and the effect of fluids. Microstructures of some slowly cooled mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks also show evidence of reduction of interfacial free energy, but this effect is minimal in granitoids. Symplectic intergrowths, including myrmekite, are useful for inferring some metamorphic reactions. Similar intergrowths occur in oxide and sulphide minerals. Microstructural evidence is important for inferring metamorphic reactions, but requires care in interpretation. Evidence of parent rock-types can be seen in less deformed metamorphic rocks. Many metamorphic minerals show compositional zoning, as revealed especially by X-ray composition images. Microstructures formed at highest metamorphic temperatures commonly show evidence of partial melting, producing migmatites, some with magmatic microstructures. Melting can also occur in some sulphide rocks.

  • 3 - Microstructures of Igneous Rocks

  • Ron H. Vernon, Macquarie University, Sydney
  • Book:
    A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure
    Published online:
    19 November 2018
    Print publication:
    06 December 2018, pp 28-134

  • Summary

    The wide variety of crystal shapes and sizes in magmatic rocks reflect nucleation and growth in liquid, leading to the formation of euhedral phenocrysts, dendrites, spherulitic aggregates, orbicular structure, aligned crystals and megacrysts, all of which are discussed, with empahsis on interpretative problems. Also discussed are order of crystallization, crystal aggregation, enclaves, magma mixing, intergrowths, vesiculation, twinning and zoning.

  • 5 - Microstructures of Deformed Rocks

  • Ron H. Vernon, Macquarie University, Sydney
  • Book:
    A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure
    Published online:
    19 November 2018
    Print publication:
    06 December 2018, pp 228-352

  • Summary

    Interpretation of the microstructures of deformed rocks requires basic understanding of brittle and ductile deformation processes, recovery and recrystallization, effects of metamorphic reactions and the origin of foliations (slaty cleavge, crenulation cleavage, genissic layering, mylonitic structures), as well as fluid transfer and vein formation. Relationships between inclusion-bearing porphyroblasts and matrix microstructures can yield information on the timing of growth of metamorphic minerals relative to foliation-forming deformation events, provided care is taken with interpretations. Deformation assists extraction of melt from partly melted rocks (migmatites), which is reflected in rock structures.