BibliographyChapter 1 (Introduction)Busch, D., ‘Indirect Representation and the Lando Principles: An Analysis of Some Problem Areas from the Perspective of English Law’ (1999) 7 ERPL319–48
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Chapter 2 (France)Bell, J., Boyron, S. and Whittaker, S., Principles of French Law, 2nd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008)
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Chapter 3 (Belgium)Baudry-Lacantinerie, G., Traité théorique et pratique de droit civil, XIX (Paris: Larose and Tenin, 1908)
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Stijns, S. and Samoy, I., ‘La confiance légitime en droit privé des contrats’, in Dirix, E. and Leleu, Y.-H. (eds.), Rapports belges au congrès de l'académie internationale de droit comparé à Utrecht (Brussels: Bruylant, 2006), pp. 277–8
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Ernes, A. L. H., ‘De positie van de tussenpersoon jegens een derde: instaan voor bestaan en omvang van een volmacht’ (2005) Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Handelsrecht (a law journal)73–80
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Nieskens-Isphording, B. W. M., Putt-Lauwers, A. E. M., Derdenbescherming (Monografieën Nieuw BW. A-serie; 22), 3rd edn (Deventer: Kluwer, 2002)
du Perron, C. E., Overeenkomst en derden (Deventer: Kluwer, 1999)
Reehuis, W. H. M. and Slob, E. E. (eds.), Invoering Boeken 3, 5 en 6, Parlementaire Geschiedenis van het nieuwe Burgerlijk Wetboek, Boek 3, Vermogensrecht in het algemeen (Deventer: Kluwer, 1990)
Schaick, A. C., Volmacht (Monografieën Nieuw BW. B-serie; 5) (Deventer: Kluwer, 1999)
Schilfgaarde, P., ‘Uitleg van rechtshandelingen’ (1997) 6282 Weekblad voor Privaatrecht, Notariaat en Registratie (a law journal), 587–592; (1997) 6283 Weekblad voor Privaatrecht, Notariaat en Registratie (a law journal), 611–615, reprinted in Peter van Schilfgaarde Select. Een bloemlezing uit zijn werk (Uitgaven vanwege het Instituut voor Ondernemingsrecht, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, nr. 35) (Deventer: Kluwer, 2000), pp. 385–408
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Reynolds, F. M. B., Bowstead and Reynolds on Agency 15th edn (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1985)
Reynolds, F. M. B., ‘Some Agency Problems in Insurance Law’, in Rose, F. D. (ed.), Consensus ad Idem: Essays in the Law of Contract in Honour of Guenter Treitel (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1996), pp. 77–95
Reynolds, F. M. B., Bowstead and Reynolds on Agency, 18th edn (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2006)
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Tan, C.-H., ‘The Principle in Bird v. Brown Revisited’ (2001) 117 Law Quarterly Review626–644
Tan, C. -H., ‘Undisclosed Principals and Contract’ (2004) 120 Law Quarterly Review480–509
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Wambaugh, E., ‘A Problem as to Ratification’ (1895) 9 Harvard Law Review60–71
Wright, C. A., ‘The American Law Institute's Restatement of Contracts and Agency’ (1935) 1 University of Toronto Law Journal17–52
Winfield, P. H., Pollock's Principles of Contract, 13th edn (London: Stevens & Sons, 1950)
Chapter 7 (The United States),American Law Institute, Restatement of the Law, Second: Agency (St Paul, MN: American Law Institute, 1958)
,American Law Institute, Restatement of the Law, Third: Agency (St Paul, MN: American Law Institute, 2006)
DeMott, D. A., ‘Statutory Ingredients in Common Law Change: Issues in the Development of Agency Doctrine’, in Worthington, S. (ed.), Commercial Law and Commercial Practice (Oxford: Hart, 2003), pp. 57–83
Duxbury, N., Patterns of American Jurisprudence (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995)
Fishman, S. A., ‘Inherent Agency Power – Should Enterprise Liability Apply to Agents’ Unauthorised Contracts?’ (1987) 19 Rutgers Law Journal1–57
Friedman, L. M., A History of American Law (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1973)
Ingram, J. D., ‘Inherent Agency Powers: A Mistaken Concept Which Should Be Discarded’ (2004) 29 Oklahoma City University Law Review583–95
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McMeel, G., ‘Philosophical Foundations of the Law of Agency’ (2000) 116 Law Quarterly Review387–411
Mechem, F. R., A Treatise on the Law of Agency, Including Not Only a Discussion of the General Subject, But Also Special Chapters on Attorneys, Auctioneers, Brokers and Factors, 2 vols, 2nd edn (Chicago: Callaghan, 1914)
Pulliam, S. and Zuckerman, G., ‘SEC Examines Rebates Paid to Large Funds’, Wall Street Journal, 6 January 2005, pp. C1, C4
Reynolds, F. M. B., ‘Apparent Authority And Illegible Signatures’, (2005) 121 Law Quarterly Review55–6
Story, J., Commentaries on the Law of Agency as a Branch of Commercial and Maritime Jurisprudence, 9th edn, by Greenough, C. P. (Boston: Little Brown, 1882)
Ward, M. P., ‘A Restatement or a Redefinition: Elimination of Inherent Agency Power in the Tentative Draft of the Restatement (Third) of Agency’ (2002) 59 Washington and Lee Law Review1585–633
Watts, P., ‘The Creep of Negligence into Agency Law in Australia’, (2005) 26 Australian Bar Review185–92
White, G. E., Tort Law in America: An Intellectual History, expanded edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004)
Winfield, P. H., Pollock's Principles of Contract, 13th edn (London: Stevens & Sons, 1950)
Chapter 8 (American Restatements and other common law countries),American Law Institute, Restatement of the Law, Second: Agency (St Paul, MN: American Law Institute, 1958)
,American Law Institute, Restatement of the Law, Third: Agency (St Paul, MN: American Law Institute, 2006)
Dal Pont, G. E., The Law of Agency 2nd edn (Chatsworth, NSW: Butterworths, Australia, 2008)
Fry, E., A Treatise on the Specific Performance of Contracts, 3rd edn (London, Stevens: 1892)
Gardner, S., ‘The Remedial Discretion in Proprietary Estoppel – Again’ (2006) 120 Law Quarterly Review492–512
Haudley, K. R., Estoppel by Conduct and Election (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2006)
Kötz, H. (trans. Weir, T.), European Contract Law I (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997)
Reynolds, F. M. B., Bowstead & Reynolds on Agency, 18th edn (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2006)
Chapter 9 (Scotland)Atiyah, P. S., The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979)
Balfour, J., Balfour's Prackticks (Edinburgh: Gregg Associates for the Stair Society, 1754, reprinted 1962–63)
Bell, G. J., Principles of the Law of Scotland, 10th edn, by Guthrie, W. (Edinburgh: W. Blackwood, 1899; reprinted 1989)
Bell, G. J., Commentaries on the Law of Scotland and on the Principles of Mercantile Jurisprudence, 7th edn, by McLaren, J. (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1870; reprinted 1990)
Bonell, M. J., ‘Agency’ in: Hartkamp, A., Hesselink, M., Hondius, E.et al. (eds.) Towards a European Civil Code, 3rd edn (Nijmegen/The Hague: Ars Aequi Libri/Kluwer Law International, 2004), pp. 381–97
Brown, I., ‘The Agent's Apparent Authority: Paradigm or Paradox?’ (1995) JBL360–72
Coulsfield, Lordet al., (eds.), Gloag and Henderson's The Law of Scotland, 12th edn (Edinburgh: W. Green, 2007)
Davidson, F., and Macgregor, L., Commercial Law in Scotland, 2nd edn (Edinburgh: W. Green, 2008)
Dirleton, J. N., Some Doubts and Questions, in the Law, Especially of Scotland (Edinburgh: George Mosman, published posthumously, 1698)
Dunedin, Viscount, Wark, J. L. and Black, A. C. (eds.), Encyclopaedia of the Laws of Scotland, 1st edn (Edinburgh: W. Green & Sons Ltd, 1913) vol. I
Erskine, J., An Institute of the Law of Scotland, Nicholson, J. B. (ed.), 8th edn (Edinburgh: Butterworths/Law Society of Scotland, 1871; reprinted 1989)
Feltham, P., and Hochberg, D. and Leech, T., in Bower, S., The Law Relating to Estoppel by Representation, 4th edn (London, Butterworths, 2004)
Fridman, G. H. L., The Law of Agency, 7th edn (London: Butterworths, 1996)
Gloag, W. M., The Law of Contract, a Treatise on the Principles of Contract in the Law of Scotland, 2nd edn (Edinburgh: W. Green, 1929)
Gow, J. J., The Mercantile and Industrial Law of Scotland (Edinburgh: W. Green, 1964)
Leake, S. M., Principles of the Law of Contracts, 6th edn (London: Stevens & Sons, 1911)
Macgregor, L., ‘Agency and Mandate’, in The Laws of Scotland: Stair Memorial Encyclopaedia, Reissue (Edinburgh: Butterworths, 2002)
Macgregor, L., ‘Specific Implement in Scots law’, in Smits, J., Haas, D. and Hesen, G. (eds), Specific Performance in Contract Law: National and Other Perspectives (Antwerp and London: Intersentia, 2008) pp. 67–91
Mackenzie Stuart, A. J., ‘Contract and Quasi-contract’ in, Walker, D. M. (ed.), An Introduction to Scottish Legal History (Edinburgh: W. Green, 1992), pp. 241–64
MacQueen, H. L., ‘Promoter's Contracts, Agency and the Jus Quaesitum Tertio’ 1982 Scots Law Times257–61
MacQueen, H. L., ‘Obligations’ in Sir Smith, T. B.et al. (eds.), The Laws of Scotland: Stair Memorial Encyclopaedia (Edinburgh: Butterworths/Law Society of Scotland, 1987–96), vol. XV
MacQueen, H., ‘Good Faith’, in MacQueen, H. and Zimmermann, R. (eds.), European Contract Law: Scots and South African Perspectives (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006), pp. 43–73
MacQueen, H. and Zimmermann, R. (eds.), European Contract Law: Scots and South African Perspectives (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006)
Mayson, S., French, D. and Ryan, C., Mayson, French and Ryan on Company Law, 24th edn, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007–8)
McBryde, W. W., The Law of Contract in Scotland, 3rd edn (Edinburgh: W. Green, 2007)
Pothier, R. J., Treatise on the Law of Obligations (London: A. Strahan, 1806)
Powell, R., Law of Agency, 2nd edn (London: Pitman, 1961)
Rankine, J., A Treatise on the Law of Personal Bar in Scotland: Collated with the English law of Estoppel in Pais (Edinburgh: W. Green, 1921)
Reid, E. C., ‘Acquiescence in the Air: William Grant v. Glen Catrine Bonded Ware’ (2001) Juridical Review191–9
Reid, E C., ‘Personal Bar: Case-law in Search of Principle’ (2003) EdinLR340–66
Reid, E. C., and Blackie, J. W. G., Personal Bar (Edinburgh: W. Green, 2006)
Reid, K., and Zimmermann, R. (eds.), A History of Private Law in Scotland (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)
Reynolds, F. M. B., Bowstead and Reynolds on Agency, 18th edn (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2006)
Reynolds, F. M. B. and Davenport, B. J., Bowstead on Agency, 14th edn (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1976)
Smith, T. B., Short Commentary on the Law of Scotland (Edinburgh: W. Green, 1962)
Smith, Sir T. B., et al. (eds.), The Laws of Scotland: Stair Memorial Encyclopaedia (Edinburgh: Butterworths / Law Society of Scotland, 1987–96)
Stair, , 1st Viscount (James Dalrymple), Institutions of the Law of Scotland, Walker, D. M. (ed.), 6th edn (Glasgow and Edinburgh: The University Presses of Glasgow and Edinburgh, 1981)
Steyn, J., ‘Written Contracts: To What Extent May Evidence Control Language?’ (1988) 41 Current Legal Problems23–32
Steyn, J., ‘Contract Law: Fulfilling the Reasonable Expectations of Honest Men’ (1997) 113 Law Quarterly Review433–42
Stoljar, S. J., The Law of Agency (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1961)
Story, J., Commentaries on the Law of Agency as a branch of commercial and maritime jurisprudence, 9th edn by Greenough, C. P. (Boston, MA: Little Brown, 1882)
Tan, C.-H., ‘The Principle in Bird v Brown Revisited’ (2001) 117 Law Quarterly Review626–44
Trotter, W. F., The Law of Contract in Scotland (Edinburgh: W. Hodge, 1913)
Voet, J., Commentarius ad Pandectas: in quo, praeter romani juris principia ac controversias illustriores, jus etiam hodierman, et praecipuae fori quaestiones excutiuntur. Editio sexta (The Hague: Hagea comitum, 1731) 2 v
Zimmermann, R., Visser, D. and Reid, K. G. C. (eds.), Mixed Legal Systems in Comparative Perspective (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004)
Chapter 10 (South Africa),American Law Institute, Restatement of the Law, Second: Agency (St Paul, MN: American Law Institute, 1958)
Beinart, B., ‘The English Legal Contribution in South Africa: The Interaction of Civil and Common Law’ (1981) Acta Juridica 7
Bester, D. H., ‘Scope of an Agent's Power of Representation’ (1972) 89 South African Law Journal49
Blackman, M. S.et al., ‘Companies’, in Joubert, W. A.et al. (eds.), The Law of South Africa, 1st re-issue (Durban: Butterworths, 1993 onwards), vol. 4(1)
Cilliers, H. S. and Benade, M. L., Corporate Law, 3rd edn (Durban: LexisNexis Butterworths, 2000)
Villiers, J. E. R. and Macintosh, J. C., The Law of Agency in South Africa, 3rd edn, by Silke, J. M. (Cape Town, Juta, 1981)
Wet, J. C. and Wyk, A. H., Die Suid-Afrikaanse Kontraktereg en Handelsreg, 5th edn, 2 vols. (Durban: Butterworths, 1992)
Fourie, J. S. A., ‘Die wisselwerking tussen Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappyeregleerstukke’ (1988) 51 THRHR218–27
Fourie, J S A., ‘Volmagbeperkings en Ultra Vires Handelinge – Aspekte can Artikel 36 van die Maatskappywet in Oenskou’ (1990) 1 Stellenbosch L Rev388–99
Gibson, J. T. R., South African Mercantile and Company Law, 8th edn (Cape Town: Juta, 2003)
Grotius, H, De Jure Belli Ac Pacis Libri Tres, vol. 2, Book 1 (trans. Kelsey, F. W.) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925)
Grotius, H, Opinion No. 73, Consultatien, Advysen en Advertissementen, gegeven en geschreven bij verscheiden treffelijke rechts-geleerden in Holland, (Rotterdam: Isaak Naerus, 1662–83), vol. III
Hahlo, H. R. and Kahn, E., The Union of South Africa: The Development of its Laws and Constitution (London: Stevens, 1960)
Harker, J. R., ‘The Liability of an Agent for Breach of Warranty of Authority’ (1985) 102 South African Law Journal596–603
Joubert, D. J., ‘Die Waarborg van Volmagsbestaan’ (1969) 32 THRHR109–25
Joubert, D. J., Die Suid-Afrikaanse Verteenwoordigingsreg (Cape Town: Juta, 1979)
Joubert, D. J., ‘Agency and Stipulatio Alteri’, in Zimmerman, R. and Visser, D. (eds.), Southern Cross: Civil Law and Common Law in South Africa (Oxford: Clarendon, 1996), pp. 335–57
Jooste, R., ‘The Law of Agency’ (1975) Annual Survey of South African Law95
Jooste, R., ‘When do Pre-Incorporation Contracts have Retrospective Effect?’ (1989) 106 South African Law Journal507–16
Kerr, A. J., An Introduction to Roman Dutch Law, 5th edn (Oxford: Clarendon, 1953)
Kerr, A. J., ‘Causation in Estoppel by Misrepresentation’ (1977) 94 South African Law Journal270
Kerr, A. J., The Law of Agency, 4th edn (Durban: Butterworths, 2006)
Meskin, P. M., Kunst, J. A. and Schmidt, K. E. (eds.), Henochsberg on the Companies Act, 5th edn, 2 vols. (looseleaf) (Durban: Butterworths, 1994)
Mc Lennan, J. S., ‘Some Thoughts on Remedies for an Agent's Breach of Warranty of Authority’ (1987) 104 South African Law Journal321
Neethling, J., Potgieter, J. M., and Visser, P. J., The Law of Delict, 5th edn (Durban: LexisNexis Butterworths, 2006)
Pothier, R. J., (trans. Rogers, B. G. and Wet, B. X.), Treatise on the Contract of Mandate (Johannesburg: Lex Patria, 1979)
Rabie, P. J., ‘Estoppel’, in Joubert, W. A.et al. (eds.), The Law of South Africa, 1st re-issue, 34 vols. (Durban: Butterworths, 1993 onwards), vol. 9, pp. 266–83
Reynolds, F. M. B., Bowstead on Agency, 15th edn (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1985)
Reynolds, F. M. B., Bowstead and Reynolds on Agency, 18th edn (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2006)
Sonnekus, J. C., Rabie's The Law of Estoppel in South Africa, 2nd edn (Durban: Butterworths, 2000)
Sonnekus, J. C., ‘Skynverwekking en ‘n Verdeelde Appelhof’ (2003) 14 Stellenbosch L Rev29
Spencer Bower, G., The Law Relating to Estoppel by Representation, 4th edn, by Feltham, P., Hochberg, D. and Leech, T. (London: Butterworths, 2004)
Story, J., Commentaries on the Law of Agency as a Branch of Commercial and Maritine Jurspindence, 9th edn. by Greenough, C. P. (Boston: Little Brown, 1882)
Merwe, N. J., ‘Wanbeskouings oor Wanvoorstelling’ (1964) THRHR194–202
Walt, J., ‘Wat word van die nadeelvereiste by bedrog en estoppel?’ (1973) THRHR386–95
Jaarsveld, S. R., Die Leerstuk van Ratifikasie in die Suid-Afrikaanse Verteenwordigingsreg (Cape Town: HAUM, 1974)
Voet, J., Commontarius ad Pandectas (Cape Town: J. C. Juta, 1879)
Wanda, B. P. (original text by Wet, J. C.), ‘Agency and Representation’, in Joubert, W. A.et al. (eds.), The Law of South Africa, 2nd edn, 34 vols. (Durban: LexisNexis Butterworths, 2003), vol. 1, pp. 167–223
Zimmermann, R., ‘Good Faith and Equity’, in Zimmerman, R. and Visser, D. (eds.), Southern Cross: Civil Law and Common Law in South Africa (Oxford: Clarendon, 1996), pp. 221–7
Chapter 11 (The principles of European contract law)Busch, D., Indirect Representation in European Contract Law (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2005)
Hartkamp, A. S., ‘Principles of Contract Law’, in Hartkamp, A., Hesselink, M., Hondius, E., et al. (eds.) Towards a European Civil Code, 3rd edn, (Nijmegen/The Hague: Ars Aequi Libri/Kluwer Law International, 2004), pp. 125–43
Lando, O. and Beale, H. (eds.) Principles of European Contract Law. Part I: Performance, Non-performance and Remedies, (Dordrecht/London/Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995)
Lando, O. and Beale, H. (eds.), Principles of European Contract Law. Parts I and II, (The Hague/London/Boston: Kluwer Law International, 2000)
Lando, O., Clive, E., Prüm, A. and Zimmermann, R. (eds.), Principles of European Contract Law. Part III (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2003)
Verhagen, H. L. E., ‘Comment on Arts. 3:201 and 3:202 Principles of European Contract Law’, in Busch, D., Hondius, E., Kooten, H., et al. (eds), The Principles of European Contract Law and Dutch Law. A Commentary (The Hague/London/New York/Nijmegen: Ars Aequi Libri/Kluwer Law International, 2002), pp. 141–50
Zimmermann, R., ‘The Principles of European Contract Law. Contemporary Manifestation of the Old, and Possible Foundation for a New, European Scholarship of Private Law’, in Faust, F. and Thüsing, G. (eds.), Beyond Borders: Perspectives on International and Comparative Law, Symposium in Honour of Hein Kötz (Köln: Carl Heymanns Verlag, 2006), pp. 111–47
Chapter 12 (UNIDROIT Principles of international commercial contracts)Bonell, M. J., ‘Agency’, in Hartkamp, A., Hesselink, M., Hondius, E.et al. (eds.), Towards a European Civil Code, 3rd edn (Nijmegen/The Hague: Ars Aequi Libri/Kluwer Law International, 2004), pp. 381–97
Busch, D., Indirect Representation in European Contract Law (The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2005)
Reynolds, F. M. B., ‘Authority of agents’ (2005) ICC International Court of Arbitration Bulletin, Special Supplement, Institut International pour L'Unification du Droit Privé Principles: New Developments and Applications, pp. 9–16
Chapter 13 (Comparative law evaluation)Gloag, W. M., The Law of Contract, a Treatise on the Principles of Contract in the Law of Scotland, 3rd edn (Edinburgh: W. Green, 1929)
Macgregor, L., ‘Agency and Mandate’, in The Laws of Scotland: Stair Memorial Encyclopaedia, Reissue (Edinburgh: Butterworths, 2002)
McBryde, W. W., The Law of Contract in Scotland, 3rd edn (Edinburgh: W. Green, 2007)
Peel, E., Treitel: The Law of Contract, 12th edn (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2007)
Reynolds, F. M. B., ‘Authority of Agents’ (2005) ICC International Court of Arbitration Bulletin, Special Supplement, UNIDROIT Principles: New Developments and Applications, 9–16
Reynolds, F. M. B., Bowstead & Reynolds on Agency, 18th edn (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2006)
Tan, C.-H., ‘Undisclosed Principals and Contract’ (2004) 120 Law Quarterly Review480–509
Verhagen, H. L. E., ‘Comment on Art. 3:207 Principles of European Contract Law’, in Busch, D., Hondius, E., Kooten, H., et al. (eds.), The Principles of European Contract Law and Dutch Law. A Commentary (The Hague/London/New York/Nijmegen: Ars Aequi Libri/Kluwer Law International, 2002), pp. 163–6
Chapter 14 (Comparative conclusions)Gloag, W. M., The Law of Contract, a Treatise on the Principles of Contract in the Law of Scotland, 2nd edn (Edinburg: W. Green, 1929)
Lévy-Ullman, H. (trans. Walton, F. P.), ‘The Law of Scotland’ 1925 Juridical Review370–91
Macgregor, L., ‘Agency’, in MacQueen, H. and Zimmermann, R., (eds.), European Contract Law: Scots and South African Perspectives (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006) pp. 123–50
MacQueen, H., ‘Promoter's Contracts, Agency and the Jus Quaesitum Tertio’ 1982 Scots Law Times257–61
MacQueen, H., ‘Obligations’, in Sir Smith, T. B.et al. (eds.), The Laws of Scotland: Stair Memorial Encyclopaedia (Edinburgh: Butterworths/Law Society of Scotland, 1987–96), vol. XV
Pothier, R. J., Treatise on the Law of Obligations (London: A. Strahan, 1806)
Reid, E. C. and Blackie, J. G., Personal Bar (Edinburgh: W Green, 2006)
Sonnekus, J. C., Rabie's The Law of Estoppel in South Africa, 2nd edn (Durban: Butterworths, 2000)
