Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 23
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
September 2020
Print publication year:
2020
Online ISBN:
9781108894920

Book description

US immigration policy has deeply racist roots. From his rhetoric to his policies, President Donald Trump has continued this tradition, most notoriously through his border wall, migrant family separation, and child detention measures. But who exactly supports these practices and what factors drive their opinions? Our research reveals that racial attitudes are fundamental to understanding who backs the president's most punitive immigration policies. We find that whites who feel culturally threatened by Latinos, who harbor racially resentful sentiments, and who fear a future in which the United States will be a majority–minority country, are among the most likely to support Trump's actions on immigration. We argue that while the President's policies are unpopular with the majority of Americans, Trump has grounded his political agenda and 2020 reelection bid on his ability to politically mobilize the most racially conservative segment of whites who back his draconian immigration enforcement measures.

References

Abrajano, M., & Hajnal, Z. L. (2015). White Backlash: Immigration, Race, and American Politics, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Acevedo, N. (2019). Why are migrant children dying in U.S. custody? NBCNews, May 29, www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/why-are.
Ackerman, A., & Furman, R. (2013). The criminalization of immigration and the privatization of the immigration detention: Implications for justice. Contemporary Justice Review, 16(2),251263.
Agamben, G. (1998). Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Alba, R., & Nee, V. (2003). Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigrants, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2018). AAP Statement Opposing the Border Security and Immigration Reform Act. American Academy of Pediatrics, www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-pressroom/Pages/AAPStatementOpposingBorderSecurityandImmigrationReformAct.aspx.
American Immigration Council. (2016). Aggravated felonies: An overview, 16 December, www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/aggravated-felonies-overview.
American Immigration Council. (n.d.) Challenging unconstitutional conditions in CBP detention facilities, www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/litigation/challenging-unconstitutional-conditions-cbp-detention-facilities.
American National Election Studies, University of Michigan, and Stanford University. (2017). ANES 2016 Time Series Study. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2017–09-19. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36824.v2.
American National Election Studies, University of Michigan, and Stanford University. (2018).ANES 2018 Pilot Study. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], https://electionstudies.org/data-center/2018-pilot-study/.
Andersson, R. (2014). Illegality, Inc.: Clandestine Migration and the Business of Bordering Europe, Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Andreas, P. (2000a). Border Games: Policing the U.S.–Mexico Divide, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Andreas, P. (2000b). Introduction: The Wall after the Wall. In Andreas, P. & Snyder, T., eds., The Wall around the West: State Borders and Immigration Controls in North American and Europe, New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
Applied Research Center. (2011). Shattered families: The perilous intersection of immigration enforcement and the child welfare system, November, www.raceforward.org/research/reports/shattered-families.
Argueta, C. (2016). Border Security: Immigration Enforcement Between Ports of Entry, Congressional Research Service.
Associated Press. (2019). More than 5,400 children split at border, according to new count. NBC News, www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/more-5–400-children-split-border-according-new-count-n1071791.
Berinsky, A. J. (2009). In Time of War: Understanding American Public Opinion from World War II to Iraq, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bogado, A. Doctor giving migrant children psychotropic drugs lost certification years ago. Reveal, www.revealnews.org/blog/exclusive-shiloh-doctor-lost-board-certification-to-treat-children-years-ago/.
Boswell, C. (2009). The Political Uses of Expert Knowledge: Immigration Policy and Social Research, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bosworth, M., & Kaufman, E. (2011). Foreigners in a carceral age: Immigration and imprisonment in the United States. Law & Policy Review, 22(2),429454.
Brader, T., Valentino, N. A., & Suhay, E. (2008) What triggers public opposition to immigration? Anxiety, group cues, and immigration threat. American Journal of Political Science, 52(4),959978.
Branton, R. P., et al. (2007). Anglo voting on nativist ballot initiatives: The partisan impact of spatial proximity to the US‐Mexico border. Social Science Quarterly, 88(3),882897.
Brown, W. (2017). Walled States, Waning Sovereignty, New York: Zone.
Campbell, D., & Stanley, J. (1966) Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Calavita, K. (1996). The new politics of immigration: “Balanced-budget conservativism” and the Symbolism of Proposition 187. Social Problems, 43(3),284305.
Calder, B. J., Phillips, L. W., & Tybout, A. M. (1982). The concept of external validity. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(3),240244.
Cantor, G. (2015). Hieleras (iceboxes) in the Rio Grande Valley sector. American Immigration Council, www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/hieleras-iceboxes-rio-grande-valley-sector.
Carter, D. B., & Poast, P. (2017). Why do states build walls? Political economy, security, and border stability. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 61(2):239270.
Carter, N. (2019). American while Black: African Americans, Immigration, and the Limits of Citizenship, New York: Oxford University Press.
Casellas, J. P., & Wallace, S. J. (2019). Sanctuary cities: Public attitudes towards enforcement collaboration. Urban Affairs Review, https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1078087418776115,
CBS News. (2019). “I was separated from him. I was taken”: A 7-year-old torn from her father at the U.S. border. CBS News, www.cbsnews.com/news/faces-of-family-separation-cbsn-originals-documentary/.
Chacon, J. (2013). The security myth: Punishing immigrants in the name of national security. In Dowling, J. & Inda, J. X., eds., Governing Immigration through Crime: A Reader, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Chacon, J. (2014). Immigration detention: No turning back? South Atlantic Review, 113(3),621628.
Chapin, A. (2019). Four severely ill migrant toddlers hospitalized after lawyers visit border patrol facility. Huffpost, www.huffpost.com/entry/four-severely-ill-migrant-babies-hospitalized-after-lawyers-visited-border-patrol-facility_n_5d0d3bbce4b07ae90d9cfe4f.
Chavez, L. (2001). Covering Immigration: Popular Images and the Politics of the Nation, Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Chavez, L. (2008). The Latino Threat: Constructing Immigrants, Citizens, and the Nation, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Chen, A., & Gill, J. (2015). Unaccompanied children and the U.S. immigration system: Challenges and reforms. Journal of International Affairs, 68(2),115133.
Chen, M. K., & Shapiro, J. M. (2007) Do harsher prison conditions reduce recidivism? A discontinuity-based approach. American Law and Economics Review, 9(1):129.
Chiacu, D., & Lynch, S.N. (2018). Trump says illegal immigrants should be deported with “No judges or court cases.” Reuters, www.reuters.com/article/us-usa.
Chishti, M., & Hipsman, F. (2015). The child and family migration surge of summer 2014: A short-lived crisis with lasting impacts. Journal of International Affairs, 68(2),95114.
Chotiner, I. (2019). How the stress of separation and detention changes the lives of children. New Yorker, www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-the-stress-of-separation-and-detention-changes-the-lives-of-children.
Cillizza, C. (2018). Donald Trump just said something truly terrifying. CNN, 25 July 2018, www.cnn.com/2018/07/25/politics/donald-trump-vfw-unreality/index.html.
Citrin, J., & Sides, J. (2008). Immigration and the imagined community in Europe and the United States. Political Studies, 56(1),3356.
Citrin, J., et al. (1997). Public opinion toward immigration reform: The role of economic motivations. The Journal of Politics, 59(3),858881.
Clark, A. B. (2017). Juvenile solitary confinement as a form of child abuse. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 45(3),350357.
Cochrane, E. (2019). The House and Senate have separate plans for border aid. Here’s what’s different. The New York Times, www.nytimes.com/2019/06/24/us/politics/house-senate.
Cohn, J. (2007). The environmental impacts of a border fence. BioScience, 57(1), 96.
Coleman, M. (2012). The ‘local’ migration state: The site-specific devolution of immigration enforcement in the U.S. south. Law & Policy, 34(2),159190.
Coleman, M. & Kocher, A. (2011). Detention, deportation, devolution and immigrant incapacitation in the US, post 9/11, The Geographical Journal, 177(3),228237.
Collingwood, L., Morin, J., & El-Khatib, S. O. (2018). Expanding carceral markets: Detention facilities, ICE contracts, and the financial interests of punitive immigration policy, Race and Social Problems, DOI:10.1007/s1255201892415.
Conlon, D., & Hiemstra, N.. (2014). Examining the everyday micro-economies of migrant detention in the United States, Geographic Helvetica, 69, 335344.
Cornelisse, G. (2010). Immigration detention and the territoriality of universal rights. In De Genova, N. & Peutz, N., eds., The Deportation Regime: Sovereignty, Space, and the Freedom of Movement, Durham: Duke University Press.
Cornelius, W. A. (2005). Controlling “unwanted” immigration: Lessons from the United States, 1993–2004. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31(4),775794.
Cortina, J. (2019). From a distance: Geographic proximity, partisanship, and public attitudes toward the U.S.–Mexico border wall. Political Research Quarterly, DOI:10.1177/1065912919854135.
Coutin, S. B. (2010). Confined within: National territories as zones of confinement, Political Geography, 29, 2002008.
Cox, A., & Goodman, R. (2018). Detention of migrant families as “deterrence”: Ethical flaws and empirical doubts. https://perma.cc/Q5S6-WELR.
da Silva, C. (2019). Trump has built nearly 100 miles of border wall by end of 2019, with 350 miles to go in 2020. Newsweek, www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-border-wall-u-s-mexico-2020-goal-1479821.
da Silva, C. (2020). ICE accused of using coronavirus crisis to launch “Family Separation 2.0.” Newsweek, www.newsweek.com/ice-accused-using-coronavirus-crisis-launch-family-separation-2–0-1505156.
Davila-Ruhaak, S., Schwinn, S., & Chan, J. (2014). Concerning the United States mistreatment of immigrant detainees in violation of the convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of punishment. Joint Submission to the U.N. Committee Against Torture, John Marshall Law School.
Davis, J. H., & Shears, M. D. (2019). Border Wars, New York: Simon and Schuster.
De Genova, N. (2007). The production of culprits: From deportability to detainability in the aftermath of “homeland security.Citizenship Studies, 11(5),421448.
De Genova, N. (2017). The economy of detainability: Theorizing migrant detention. In Flynn, M. & Flynn, M., eds., Challenging Immigrant Detention: Academics, Activists, and Policy-makers, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
De Leon, J. (2015). The Land of Open Graves: Living and Dying on the Migrant Trail, Los Angeles: University of California Press.
DEA. (2018). 2018 National Drug Threat Assessment, U.S. Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration.
Dear, M. (2013). Why Walls Won’t Work, New York: Oxford University Press.
Delli Carpini, M., & Keeter, S. (1996). What Americans Know about Politics and Why it Matters. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Department of Justice. (2020). The Department of Justice creates section dedicated to denaturalization of cases. Department of Justice Office of Public Affairs, 26 February, www.justice.gov/opa/pr/department-justice-creates-section-dedicated-denaturalization-cases.
Dickerson, C. (2019). “There is a stench”: Soiled clothes and no baths for migrant children at a Texas center. New York Times, www.nytimes.com/2019/06/21/us/migrant-children-border-soap.html.
Dickerson, C. (2019). The youngest child separated from his family at the border was 4 months old. New York Times, www.nytimes.com/2019/06/16/us/baby-constantine-romania-migrants.html.
Dickerson, C. (2019). No more hieleras: Doe v. Kelly’s fight for constitutional rights at the border. The New York Times, www.nytimes.com/2019/06/21/us/migrant-children.
Dimcock, M. (2019). An update on our research into trusts, facts, and democracy. Pew Research Center, www.pewresearch.org/2019/06/05/an-update.
Doe v. Johnson. United States District Court, (2015).
Doe v. Kelly. Uniter States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, (2017).
Doe v. Nielsen. United States District Court, (2019).
Doe vs. Wolf. United States District Court, (2015).
Domonoske, C., & Gonzalez, R. (2018). What we know: Family separation and “zero tolerance” at the border. NPR, www.npr.org/2018/06/19/621065383/what-we-know-family-separation-and-zero-tolerance-at-the-border.
Doty, R. L., & Wheatley, E. S. (2013). Private detention and the immigration industrial complex. International Political Sociology, 7, 426443.
Dow, M. (2005). American Gulag: Inside U.S. Immigration Prisons, Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Druckman, J. N., et al. (2011). Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Dunaway, J., Branton, R. P., & Abrajano, M. (2010). Agenda setting, public opinion, and the issue of immigration reform. Social Science Quarterly, 91(2),359378.
Dunn, T. (1996). The Militarization of the U.S.–Mexico Border, 1978–1992, Austin: University of Texas Press.
Echavarri, F. (2019). Border patrol’s toxic culture goes way beyond Facebook groups: It’s actually for sale on a t-shirt. Mother Jones, www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/07/border-patrol-racist-texts-bowen-t-shirt/.
Economist/YouGov. (2018). Economist/YouGov poll, 3–5 June, https://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/dtt00zl5up/econTabReport.pdf.
Enchautegui, M., & Menjivar, C. (2015). Paradoxes of family immigration policy: Separation, reorganization, and reunification of families under current immigration laws. Law & Policy, 37(1–2), 3260.
Eriksson, L., & Taylor, M. (2008). The environmental impacts of the border wall between Texas and Mexico. University of Texas School of Law Working Group on Human Rights and the Border Wall Report to the Organization of American States.
Escobar, M. (2016). Captivity beyond Prisons: Criminalization Experiences of Latina (Im)Migrants, Austin: University of Texas Press.
Espenshade, T. J., Baraka, J. L., & Huber, G. A. (1997) Implications of the 1996 Welfare and Immigration Reform Acts for US immigration. Population and Development Review, 23(4),769801.
Felbab-Brown, V. (2017). The Wall: The real costs of a barrier between the United States and Mexico. Brookings, www.brookings.edu/essay/the-wall-the-real-costs-of-a-barrier-between-the-united-states-and-mexico/.
Fernandes, D. (2007). Targeted: Homeland Security and the Business of Immigration, New York: Seven Stories Press.
Fernandez, M. (2019). Lawyer draws outrage for defending lack of toothbrushes in border detention. The New York Times, www.nytimes.com/2019/06/25/us/sarah-fabian.
Filipovic, J. (2019). Adoption of separated migrant kids shows “pro-life” groups’ disrespect for maternity. Guardian, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/oct/30/adoption-separated-migrant-children-pro-lifers-deep-disrespect-for-maternity.
Fix, M., & Zimmerman, W. (1997). Welfare reform: A new immigrant policy for the United States. http://webarchive.urban.org/publications/407532.html
Flagg, A. (2019). Is there a connection between undocumented immigrants and crime? The New York Times, www.nytimes.com/2019/05/13/upshot/illegal-immigration.
Flores v. Reno. 507 U.S. 292, (1993).
Flynn, D. J., Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2017). The nature and origins of misperceptions: understanding false and unsupported beliefs about politics. Political Psychology, 38(1),127150.
Flynn, M. (2017). Capitalism and immigration control: What political economy reveals about the global spread of detention. In Flynn, M. & Flynn, M., eds., Challenging Immigrant Detention: Academics, Activists, and Policy-makers, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Flynn, M., & Flynn, M. (2017). Critiquing zones of exception: Actor-orientated approaches explaining the rise of immigration detention. In Brotherton, D. & Kretsedemas, P., eds., Immigration Policy in the Age of Punishment: Detention, Deportation, and Border Control, New York: Columbia University Press.
Fraga, L. R., et al. (2011) Latinos in the New Millennium: An Almanac of Opinion, Behavior, and Policy Preferences, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Frazee, G., & Barajas, J. (2019). Trump says walls work. It’s much more complicated. PBS Newshour, www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/trump-says.
Freking, K., & Spagat, E. (2019). Trump calls the new border wall a “world-class security system.” Time Magazine, https://time.com/5680944/trump-border.
Funk, C., Heffron, M., Kennedy, B., & Johnson, C. (2019). Trust and Mistrust in Americans’ Views of Scientific Experts. Pew Research Center, https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2019/08/02/trust-and-mistrust-in-americans-views-of-scientific-experts/
Gadarian, S. K., & Albertson, B. (2014). Anxiety, immigration, and the search for information. Political Psychology, 35(2),133164.
GAO. (2006). Border-crossing deaths have doubled since 1995; Border Patrol’s efforts to prevent deaths have not been fully evaluated. United States Government Accountability Office.
Garcia Hernandez, C.C. (2014). Immigration Detention as Punishment. UCLA Law Review, 61 (5), 13461415.
Garcia Hernandez, C. C. (2019). Migrating to Prison: America’s Obsession with Locking Up Immigrants, New York: The New Press.
Garret, T. (2009). The border fence, immigration policy, and the Obama administration: A cautionary note. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 32(1),129133.
Gerstein, J., & Hesson, T. (2018). Federal judge orders Trump administration to reunite migrant families. Politico, www.politico.com/story/2018/06/26/judge-orders-trump-reunite-migrant-families-678809.
Gilens, M. (1999) Why Americans Hate Welfare, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Gilens, M. (2001). Political ignorance and collective policy preferences. American Political Science Review, 95(2),379396.
Gilman, D. (2011). Seeking breaches in the wall: An international human rights law challenge to the Texas–Mexico border wall, Texas International Law Journal, 46, 257293.
Golash-Boza, T. (2009). The immigration industrial complex: Why we enforce immigration policies destined to fail, Sociological Compass, 3)2), 295309.
Golash-Boza, T. (2015). Deported: Immigrant Policing, Disposable Labor and Global Capitalism, New York: New York University Press.
Gonzales, R. (2019). Sexual assault of detained migrant children reported in the thousands since 2015. NPR, www.npr.org/2019/02/26/698397631/sexual-assault-of-detained-migrant-children-reported-in-the-thousands-since-2015.
Gonzales, R. (2019). ACLU: Administration is still separating migrant families despite court order to stop. NPR, www.npr.org/2019/07/30/746746147/aclu-administration-is-still-separating-migrant-families-despite-court-order-to-/.
Golunov, S. (2014). Border fences in the globalizing world: Beyond traditional geopolitics and post-positivist approaches. In Vallet, E., ed., Borders, Fences and Walls, New York: Routledge.
Graham, D. A., et al. (2019) An oral history of Trump’s bigotry. The Atlantic, www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/06/trump-racism.
Grandin, G. (2019). How the U.S. weaponized the border wall. The Intercept, https://theintercept.com/2019/02/10/us-mexico-border-fence-history/.
Gravelle, T. (2016) Party identification, contact, contexts, and public attitudes toward illegal immigration. Public Opinion Quarterly, 80(1),125.
Gravelle, T. (2018). Politics, time, space, and attitudes toward US–Mexico border security. Political Geography, 65(July), 107116.
Guenther, L. (2013). Solitary Confinement: Social Death and Its Afterlives, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Haddal, C., Kim, Y., & Garcia, M. J. (2009). Border security: Barriers along the U.S. international border. Congressional Research Service.
Hainmueller, J., & Hiscox, M. J. (2007). Educated preferences: Explaining attitudes toward immigration in Europe. International Organization, 61(2),399442.
Hainmueller, J., & Hiscox, M. J. (2010). Attitudes toward highly skilled and low-skilled immigration: Evidence from a survey experiment. American Political Science Review, 104(1),6184.
Hainmueller, J., & Hopkins, D. J. (2014). Public attitudes toward immigration. Annual Review of Political Science, 17, 225249.
Hajnal, Z., & Rivera, M. U. (2014) Immigration, Latinos, and white partisan politics: The new Democratic defection. American Journal of Political Science, 58(4),773789.
Hanson, G., Scheve, K., & Slaughter, M. (2009). Individual Preferences over High-Skilled Immigration in the United States. In Bhagwati, J. & Hanson, G., eds., Skilled Immigration Today: Problems, Prospects, and Policies, New York: Oxford University Press.
Harvey, D. (2007). A Brief History of Neoliberalism, New York: Oxford University Press.
Hasan, M. (2019). After El Paso, we can no longer ignore Trump’s Role in inspiring mass shootings. The Intercept, https://theintercept.com/2019/08/04/el-paso-dayton-mass-shootings-donald-trump/.
Hassner, R., & Wittenberg, J. (2015). Barriers to entry: Who builds fortified boundaries and why?. International Security, 40(1),157190.
Hayden, M. E. (2019). Stephen Miller’s affinity for white nationalism revealed in leaked emails. Hatewatch, www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2019/11/12/stephen-millers-affinity-white-nationalism-revealed-leaked-emails.
Haynes, C., Merolla, J., & Ramakrishnan, S. K. (2016). Framing Immigrants: News Coverage, Public Opinion, and Policy, New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Hernandez, D. (2019). Carceral shadows: Entangled Lineages and Technologies of Migrant Detention. In Chase, R., ed., Caging Borders and Carceral States: Incarcerations, Immigration Detentions, and Resistance, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Herweck, S., & Nicol, S. (2018). Death, damage, and failure: Past, present, and future impacts of walls on the U.S.–Mexico border. ACLU Border Rights Center.
Hesson, T., & Rosenberg, M. (2020). U.S. deports 400 migrant children under new coronavirus rules. Reuters, www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-deportations-idUSKBN21P354?fbclid=IwAR1EF-OAPOHU1fWSVm02B-0iVI8dqUaU9hT5XVrtiQeJ8TNJXUd2-prgOmE.
Heyman, J. M. (2008) Constructing a virtual wall: Race and citizenship in US–Mexico border policing. Journal of the Southwest, 50(3),305333.
Hiemstra, N. (2014). Performing homeland security within the US immigration detention system. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 32, 571588.
Hiemstra, N. (2019). Detain and Deport: The Chaotic U.S. Immigration Enforcement Regime, Athens: University of Georgia Press.
Hing, B. O. (2019). American Presidents, Deportations, and Human Rights Violations: From Carter to Trump, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hirschfeld Davis, J., & Shear, M. D. (2019). Border Wars: Inside Trump’s Assault on Immigration, New York: Simon & Schuster.
Hiskey, C., Malone, M., & Orces, D. (2018). Leaving the devil you know: Crime victimization, U.S. deterrence policy, and the emigration decisions in Central America. Latin American Research Review, 53, 429–47.
Hochschild, A. R. (2018). Strangers in Their Own Land, New York: The New Press.
Holpuch, A. (2019). Thousands more migrant children separated under Trump than previously known. Guardian, www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jan/17/trump-family-separations-report-latest-news-zero-tolerance-policy-immigrant-children.
Hooghe, M., & Dassonneville, R. (2018). Explaining the Trump vote: The effect of racist resentment and anti-immigrant sentiments. PS, 51(3),528534.
Hopkins, D. J. (2010) Politicized places: Explaining where and when immigrants provoke local opposition. American Political Science Review, 104(1),4060.
Hopkins, D. J., Sides, J., & Citrin, J. (2019) The muted consequences of correct information about immigration. Journal of Politics, 81(1),315320.
Human Rights First. (2018). The Flores settlement and family incarceration: A brief history and next steps. 30 October. www.humanrightsfirst.org/resource/flores-settlement-and-family-incarceration-brief-history-and-next-steps.
Inda, J. X. (2013). Subject to deportation: IRCA, ‘criminal aliens,’ and the policing of immigration. Migration Studies, 1(3),292310.
Ipsos. (2018). Americans’ views on immigration policy. 15 June, www.ipsos.com/en-us/news-polls/americans-views-on-immigration-policy.
International Organization for Migration. (2020). Total of deaths recorded in U.S.–Mexico border in 2020. Missing Migrant Project. Accessed March 10, https://missingmigrants.iom.int/region/americas?region=1422.
Jacobson, G. (2017). The triumph of polarized partisanship in 2016: Donald Trump’s improbable victory. Political Science Quarterly, 132(1), DOI:10.1002/polq.12572.
Jacobson, M. F. (1998). Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Jardina, A. (2019). White Identity Politics, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Jerit, J., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Political misinformation. Annual Review of Political Science, 23, 7794.
Johnson, K. R. (2004). The “Huddled Masses” Myth: Immigration and Civil Rights, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Johnson, K. R. (2007). Opening the Floodgates: Why America Needs to Rethink Its Borders and Immigration Laws, New York: New York University Press.
Jones-Correa, M., & de Graauw, E. (2013). The illegality trap: The politics of immigration & the lens of Illegality. Daedalus, 142(3),185198.
Jones, R. (2012). Border Walls: Security and the War on Terror in the United States, India, and Israel, New York: Zed Books.
Jones, R. (2017). Violent Borders: Refugees and the Right to Move, New York: Verso Press.
Jones, R., & Johnson, C. (2016). Border militarisation and the re-articulation of sovereignty. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 41(2),187200.
Joyce, K. (2018). The threat of international adoption for migrant children separated from their families. The Intercept, theintercept.com/2018/07/01/separated-children-adoption-immigration/.
Juarez, M., Gomez-Aguinaga, B., & Betteez, S. (2018). Twenty years after IRCA: The rise of immigrant detention and its effects on Latinx communities across the nation. Journal on Migration and Human Security, 6(1),7496.
Junn, J. (2017). The Trump majority: White womanhood and the making of female voters in the US. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 5(2),343352.
Kahn, R. (1996). Other People’s Blood: U.S. Immigration Prisons in the Reagan Decade, Boulder: Westview Press.
Kandel, W. (2017). Unaccompanied Alien Children: An Overview, Congressional Research Service.
Kanno-Youngs, Z. (2019). Poor conditions persist for migrant children detained at the border, Democrats say. The New York Times, www.nytimes.com/2019/08/29/us/politics/homeland-security.
Kanstroom, D. (2007). Deportation Nation: Outsiders in American History, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Katz, J. (2019). Op-ed: Call immigrant detention centers what they really are: Concentration camps. Los Angeles Times, www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la. June 9.
Katz, L., Levitt, S. D., & Shustorovich, E. (2003). Prison conditions, capital punishment, and deterrence. American Law and Economics Review, 5(2),318343.
Kendi, I. X. (2019). The day shithole entered the presidential lexicon. Atlantic, www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2019/01/shithole-countries/580054/.
Kilani, H. (2019). The walls fall: Prototypes for Trump’s southern border barrier come down. Guardian, www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/feb/28/trump-border-wall-mexico-prototypes-demolition.
Kinder, D. R., & Kam, C. D. (2010) Us against them: Ethnocentric Foundations of American Opinion, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kinder, D. R., & Sanders, L. M. (1996). Divided by Color, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
King, D. S., & Smith, R. M. (2005). Racial orders in American political development. American Political Science Review, 99(1),7592.
Kirby, J. (2018). President Trump wants fewer immigrants from ‘shithole countries’ and more from places like Norway. Vox, www.vox.com/platform/amp/2018/1/11/16880750/trump-immigrants-shithole-countries-norway.
Koerner, C. (2019). Kids describe in their own words the dire conditions inside a border detention center. BuzzFeed News, 27 July, www.buzzfeednews.com/article/claudiakoerner/children-border-detention-conditions-immigrants-hungry.
Korte, G., & Gomez, A. (2018). Trump ramps up rhetoric on undocumented immigrants: “These aren’t people. These are animals.” USA Today, https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/05/16/trump-immigrants-animals-mexico-democrats-sanctuary-cities/617252002/.
Krysan, M. (2000) Prejudice, politics, and public opinion: Understanding the sources of racial policy attitudes. Annual review of sociology, 26(1),135168.
Kuklinski, J. H., et al. (1997) Racial prejudice and attitudes toward affirmative action. American Journal of Political Science, 41(2),402419.
Kuklinski, J. H., et al. (2000). Misinformation and the currency of democratic citizenship. Journal of Politics, 62(3),790816.
Kumar, A. (2020) After delays, Trump on track to build more than 450 miles of border wall. Politico, February 14, www.politico.com/news/2020/02/14/trump-450.
Layman, G. C., Carsey, T. M., & Horowitz, J. M. (2006). Party polarization in American politics: Characteristics, causes, and consequences. Annual Review of Political Science, 9, 83110.
Lazer, D. M. J., et al. (2018) The science of fake news. Science, 359 (638),10941096.
Lee, E. (2019). America for Americans: A History of Xenophobia in the United States, New York: Basic Books.
Lee, J. (2016). Lonely too long: Redefining and reforming juvenile solitary confinement. Fordham Law Review, 85(2),845876.
Lee, M. Y. H. (2015) Donald Trump’s false comments connecting Mexican immigrants and crime. Washington Post. July 8. www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/07/08/donald-trumps-false-comments-connecting-mexican-immigrants-and-crime/.
Lee, S. (2019). Family separation as slow death, Columbia Law Review, 119(8),23202384.
Leiken, R., & Brooke, S. (2006). The quantitative analysis of terrorism and immigration: An initial exploration. Terrorism and Political Violence, 18(4),503521.
Leonhardt, D., et al. (2018). Donald Trump’s racism: The definitive list, updated. The New York Times, www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/01/15/opinion/leonhardt-trump-racist.html.
Levine, M., & Arkin, J. (2019) Republicans support Trump’s wall even after he grabs military funds from their states. Politico, September 11, www.politico.com/story/2019/09/11/republicans-border.
Light, M. T., & Miller, T. (2018). Does undocumented immigration increase violent crime? Criminology, 56(2),370401.
Lind, D., & Scott, D. (2018). Flores agreement: Trump’s executive order to end family separation might run afoul of a 1997 court ruling. Vox, www.vox.com/2018/6/20/17484546/executive-order.
Linton, J. M., Griffin, M., & Shapiro, A. J. (2017). Detention of immigrant children. Pediatrics, 139, e20170483.
Liptak, K. (2019). Trump warns of “crisis of the heart” in immigration address. CNN, www.cnn.com/2019/01/08/politics/donald-trump.
Long, C. (2019). Written testimony submitted to the U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Reform Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Civil Liberties for hearing on: “Kids in Cages: Inhumane Treatment at the Border.” Human Rights Watch.
Long, C., & Mukherjee, E. (2019). The whole child separation travesty is pointless. CNN, www.cnn.com/2019/08/07/opinions/the-child.
Longo, M. (2018). The Politics of Borders: Sovereignty Security, and the Citizen after 9/11, Cambridge: Cambridge University press.
Lopez, G. (2019). Donald Trump’s long history of racism, from the 1970s to 2019. Vox, www.vox.com/2016/7/25/12270880/donald-trump.
Lopez Bunyasi, T. (2015). Color-cognizance and color-blindness in White America: Perceptions of whiteness and their potential to predict racial policy attitudes at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 1(2),209224.
Lovato, R. (2019). Julián Castro and the Democrats’ catastrophic accent (and immigration) problem. Latino Rebels, www.latinorebels.com/2019/01/14/castroproblems/.
Loyd, J., & Mountz, A. (2018). Boats, Borders, and Bases: Race, the Cold War, and the Rise of Migration Detention in the United States, Oakland: University of California Press.
Loyd, J., Mitchelson, M., & Burridge, A., eds. (2012). Beyond Walls and Cages: Prisons, Borders, and Global Crisis, Athens: University of Georgia Press.
Luibheid, E. (2002). Entry Denied: Controlling Sexuality at the Border, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Lytle Hernandez, K. (2010). Migra! A history of the U.S. Border Patrol, Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Macias-Rojas, P. (2016). From Deportation to Prison: The Politics of Immigration Enforcement in Post-Civil Rights America, New York: New York University Press.
MacLean, S.A. l. (2019). Mental health of children held at a United States immigration detention center. Social Science & Medicine, 230(2),303308.
Mainwaring, C. & Silverman, S. (2017). Detention-as-spectacle. International Political Sociology, 11, 2138.
Malhotra, N., Margalit, Y. & Mo, C. H. (2013). Economic explanations for opposition to immigration: Distinguishing between prevalence and conditional Impact. American Journal of Political Science, 57(2),391410.
Marquez-Avila, M. (2019). No more hieleras: Doe v. Kelly’s fight for constitutional rights at the border. UCLA L. Rev., 66, 818.
Martin, D. D. (2020). Trump has built just 1 mile of new border wall since taking office. American Independent, https://americanindependent.com/donald-trump-border-wall-1-mile-mexico-immigration-customs-and-border-protection-cbp/.
Martin, J. (2020). 60 percent of ICE detainees tested have corona virus. Newsweek, www.newsweek.com/60-percent-ice-detainees-tested-have-coronavirus-1500817.
Martin, L. (2012a). “Catch and remove”: Detention, deterrence, and discipline in US noncitizen family detention practice. Geopolitics, 17, 312334.
Martin, L. (2012b). Governing through the family: Struggles over US noncitizen family detention policy. Environment and Planning A, 44, 886888.
Martin, L. (2017a). Discretion, contracting, and commodification: Privatisation of US immigration detention as a technology of government. In Conlon, D. & Hiemstra, N. eds., Intimate Economies of Immigration Detention: Critical Perspectives, London: Routledge.
Martin, L. (2017b). Family detention, law, and geopolitics in US immigration enforcement policy. In Harker, C., Horschelmann, K., & Skelton, T., eds., Geographies of Children and Young People: Conflict, Violence and Peace, Vol. 11. Singapore: Springer.
Masuoka, N., & Junn, J. (2013). The Politics of Belonging: Race, Public Opinion, and Immigration, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Matthews, D. (2018) Polls: Trump’s family separation policy is very unpopular – except among Republicans. Vox, www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/6/18/17475740/family-separation-poll-polling-border-trump-children-immigrant-families-parents.
McDermott, R. (2011). Internal and external validity. In Druckman, Jamie et al., eds., Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science, New York: Oxford University Press. 2740.
Menjivar, C., & Kanstroom, D. (2013). Constructing Immigrant ‘Illegality’: Critiques, Experiences, and Responses, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mitchell, A., et al. (2019). Many Americans say made-up news is a critical problem that needs to be fixed. Pew Research Center, June, 5.
Mark, M. (2018). Trump just referred to one of his infamous campaign comments: Calling Mexicans “Rapists.” Business Insider, www.businessinsider.com/trump-mexicans-rapists-remark-reference-2018-4.
Molina, N. (2014). How Race Is Made in America: Immigration, Citizenship, and the Historical Power of Racial Scripts, Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Montoya-Galvez, C. (2020). Chicago coronavirus outbreak infects dozens of migrant children in U.S. custody. CBS News, www.cbsnews.com/news/chicago-coronavirus-outbreak-infects-dozens-of-migrant-children-in-us custody/?fbclid=IwAR1Gi45kyHcCkSQIK7ywE_Fai1KNLEoAcxtdZjoUvfZUMbL37k2YAViO-jA.
Moreno, C. (2016). Nine outrageous things Donald Trump has said about Latinos. Huffington Post, www.huffpost.com/entry/9-outrageous-things-donald-trump-has-said-about-latinos_n_55e483a1e4b0c818f618904b.
Moreno, E. (2020). More than three dozen migrant children in Chicago shelters infected with coronavirus. The Hill, https://thehill.com/homenews/news/492718-more-than-three-dozen-migrant-children-in-chicago-shelters-infected-with.
Montini, E. J. (2019). Feds don’t know locations of “thousands” more migrant kids, separated from families. USA Today, www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2019/02/09/separation-immigrant-families-trump-thousands-column/2805714002/.
Nakamura, D. (2016). Flow of Central Americans to U.S. surging, expected to exceed 2014 numbers. Washington Post, www.washingtonpost.com/politics/flow-of-central-americans-to-us-surging-expected-to-exceed-2014-numbers/2016/09/22/ee127578-80da-11e6-8327-f141a7beb626_story.html.
Neeley, S. (2008). Immigration detention: The inaction of the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Admin. L. Rev., 60, 729.
Nevins, J. (2010). Operation Gatekeeper and Beyond: The War on “Illegals” and the Remaking of the U.S.–Mexico Boundary, New York: Routledge.
Newman, B. J. (2013). Acculturating contexts and Anglo opposition to immigration in the United States. American Journal of Political Science, 57(2),374390.
Newman, D. (2006). The lines that continue to separate us: borders in our ‘borderless’ word. Progress in Human Geography, 30(2),143161.
Newman, D., & Paasi, A. (1998). Fences and neighbours in the postmodern world: boundary narratives in political geography. Progress in Human Geography, 22(2),186207.
Newman, L. K., & Steel, Z. (2008). The child asylum seeker: Psychological and developmental impact of immigration detention. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 17(3),665683.
Nicholas, P. (2010). Democrats point the finger at obama’s chief of staff for immigration reform’s poor progress. Los Angeles Times, www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-may-21-la-na-immigration-20100521-story.html.
Nowrasteh, A. (2019). The cost of the border wall keeps climbing and it’s becoming less of a wall. Cato Institute, www.cato.org/blog/cost-border-wall-keeps-climbing-its-becoming-less-wall.
Ngai, M. (2004). Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Nguyen, T. (2018). The far-right rejoices as Trump says immigrants are destroying European “culture.: Vanity Fair, www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/07/donald-trump-culture-wars-britain.
Nieto-Gomez, R. (2014). Walls, sensors and drones: Technology and surveillance on the US–Mexico Border. In Vallet, E., ed., Borders, Fences and Walls, New York: Routledge.
Noel, H. (2014). Political Ideologies and Political Parties in America, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Norman, J. (2019). Solid majority still opposes new construction on border wall. Gallup, https://news.gallup.com/poll/246455/solid-majority-opposes-new-construction-border-wall.aspx.
Norwaseth, A., & Orr, R. (2018). Immigration and the welfare state: Immigrant and native use rates and benefit levels for means‐tested welfare and entitlement programs. Cato Institute, www.cato.org/publications/immigration-research.
Nowrasteh, A. (2019). Illegal immigrants and crime: Assessing the evidence. Cato Institute, www.cato.org/blog/illegal-immigrants-crime-assessing-evidence.
NPR. (2019). “Torture facilities”: Eyewitnesses describe poor conditions at Texas detention centers for migrant children. On Point, NPR, June 25, www.wbur.org/onpoint/2019/06/25/texas-border-control-facilities-migrant-children.
Lind, D. (2019). The horrifying conditions facing kids in border detention, explained. Vox, www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/6/25/18715725/children-border-detention-kids-cages-immigration.
Nyhan, B. (2010). Why the “death panel” myth wouldn’t die: Misinformation in the health care reform debate. The Forum, 8(1).
Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2010). When corrections fail: The persistence of political misperceptions. Political Behavior, 32(2),303330.
Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2015). Does correcting myths about the flu vaccine work? An experimental evaluation of the effects of corrective information. Vaccine, 33(3),459464.
Nyhan, B., Reifler, J., & Ubel, P. A. (2013). The hazards of correcting myths about health care reform. Medical care, 51(2),127132.
O’Dell, R. González, D., & Castellano, J. (2017). “Mass disaster” grows at the U.S.–Mexico border, but Washington doesn’t seem to care. AZCentral, www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/border-issues/2017/12/14/investigation-border-patrol-undercounts-deaths-border-crossing-migrants/933689001/.
O’Neil, E. (2018). Immigration issues: Public opinion on family separation, DACA, and a border wall. AEI Blog, www.aei.org/politics-and.
O’Toole, M., & Carcamo, C. (2020). Citing coronavirus, Trump officials refuse to release migrant kids to sponsors – and deport them instead. Los Angeles Times, www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020–05-12/trump-officials-coronavirus-refuse-releasing-migrant-kids.
Ohmae, K. (1999). The Borderless World: Power and Strategy in the Interlinked Economy, New York: HarperCollins.
OIG. (2019). Management alert: DHS needs to address dangerous overcrowding and prolonged detention of children and adults in the Rio Grande Valley. Office of Inspector General, Department of Homeland Security.
Ortega, B. (2018). Border patrol failed to count hundreds of migrant deaths on US soil. CNN, www.cnn.com/2018/05/14/us/border-patrol-migrant-death-count-invs/index.html.
Page, B., & Shapiro, R. (1983). Effects of public opinion on policy. American Political Science Review, 77(1),175190.
Parent, D., et al. (1994). Conditions of Confinement: Juvenile detention and Corrections Facilities [Research Report]. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Paul, E. F. (2017). Property Rights and Eminent Domain, New York: Routledge.
Pérez, E. O. (2010). Explicit evidence on the import of implicit attitudes: The IAT and immigration policy judgments. Political Behavior, 32(4),517545.
Perez, E. O. (2015). Xenophobic rhetoric and Its political effects on immigrants and their Co-Ethnics. American Journal of Political Science, 59(3),549564.
Peters, R., Moskwik, M., & Miller, J. R. B. (2018). Nature divided, scientists united: US–Mexico border wall threatens biodiversity and binational conservation, BioScience, 68(2),740743.
Pew Research Center. (2019). Unauthorized immigrant population trends for states, birth countries and regions. 12 June, www.pewhispanic.org/interactives/unauthorized-trends/.
Phillips, S., Hagan, J. M., & Rodriguez, N. (2006). Brutal borders? Examining the treatment of deportees during arrest and detention. Social Forces, 85(1),93109.
Quinnipac University. (2018). Stop taking the kids, 66 percent of US voters say, Quinnipac University national poll finds: Support for Dreamers is 79 percent. Press release, 18 June, https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2550.
Raaijmakers, E. A. C., et al. (2017). Exploring the relationship between subjectively experienced severity of imprisonment and recidivism: A neglected element in testing deterrence theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 54(1),328.
Radtke, D. (2017). Study: Fox News covered immigration five times as much as CNN and MSNBC combined. Media Matters, www.mediamatters.org/breitbart-news/study.
Radwan, C. (2019). AMA calls out the conditions of detention facilities. Contemporary Pediatrics, www.contemporarypediatrics.com/pediatrics/ama-calls.
Ramirez, M. D., & Petersen, D. A. M. (2020). Ignored Racism: White Animus Towards Latinos, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Rajaram, P. K. (2003). The spectacle of detention: Theatre, poetry and imagery in the contest over identity, security and responsibility in contemporary Australia. Asia Research Institute Working Paper Series No. 7.
Redden, M. (2014). Why are immigration detention facilities so cold? Mother Jones, www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/07/why-are. July 16.
Redlawsk, D. P. (2002). Hot cognition or cool consideration? Testing the effects of motivated reasoning on political decision making. The Journal of Politics, 64(4),10211044.
Reny, T., & Manzano, S. (2016). The negative effects of mass media stereotypes of Latinos and immigrants. In G. Ruhrmann, Y. Shooman, & P. Widmann, eds., Media and Minorities: Questions on Representation from an International Perspective, 195212.
Reyes, J. R. (2018). Immigration detention: Recent trends and scholarship, Center for Migration Studies. 26 Mar., https://cmsny.org/publications/virtualbrief-detention/.
Riva, S. (2017). Across the border and into the cold: Hieleras and the punishment of asylum-seeking Central American women in the United States. Citizenship studies, 21(3),309326.
Rodrigo, C. M. (2018). AP: Migrant children may be adopted after parents are deported. The Hill, October 9, https://thehill.com/policy/international/americas/410653-ap-migrant-children-may-be-adopted-after-parents-are-deported.
Roediger, D. (2018). Working toward Whiteness: How America’s Immigrants Became White: The Strange Journal from Ellis Island to the Suburbs, New York: Basic Books.
Rosenblum, M. (2012). Border Security: Immigration Enforcement Between Ports of Entry, Congressional Research Service.
Rouse, S .M. (2013) Latinos in the Legislative Process: Interests and Influence, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Ryo, E. (2018). Detention as deterrence. Stan. L. Rev. Online, 71, 237.
Ryo, E. (2019). Understanding immigration detention: Causes, conditions, and consequences, Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 15, 97115.
Ryo, E., & Peacock, I. (2018). A national study of immigration detention in the United States. Center for Law and Social Science Research Paper Series No. CLASS18-19.
Sachetti, M. (2019) “Kids in cages”: House hearing examines immigration detention as democrats push for more information. The Washington Post, July 10, www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/kids-in-cages-house-hearing-to-examine-immigration-detention-as-democrats-push-for-more-information/2019/07/10/3cc53006-a28f-11e9-b732-41a79c2551bf_story.html.
Sanchez, G. R., et al. (2015). Stuck between a rock and a hard place: The relationship between Latino/a’s personal connections to immigrants and issue salience and presidential approval. Politics Groups and Identities, 3(3),454468.
Santa Ana, O. (2002). Brown Tide Rising: Metaphors of Latinos in Contemporary American Public Discourse, Austin: University of Texas Press.
Sassen, S. (1988). The Mobility of Labor and Capital: A Study in International Investment and Labor Flow, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sassen, S. (2014). Expulsion: Brutality and Complexity in the Global Economy, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Sawyer, A. (2019). Another needless death in US immigration detention. Human Rights Watch, www.hrw.org/news/2019/07/26/another-needless-death-us-immigration-detention.
Schaffner, B., MacWilliams, M., & Nteta, T. (2018). Understanding white polarization in the 2016 vote for president: The sobering role of racism and sexism. Political Science Quarterly, 133(1), DOI:10.1002/polq.12737.
Shear, M., and Hirschfeld Davis, J. (2019). Shoot migrants’ legs, build alligator moat: Behind Trump’s ideas for border. New York Times, October 2, www.nytimes.com/2019/10/01/us/politics/trump-border-wars.html.
Schildkraut, D. J. (2005). Press One for English: Language Policy, Public Opinion, and American Identity. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Schrag, P. (2020). Baby Jails: The Fight to End the Incarceration of Refugee Children in America. Oakland: University of California Press.
Schriro, D. (2010). Improving conditions of confinement for criminal inmates and immigrant detainees. Am. Crim. L. Rev., 47, 1441.
Schriro, D. (2017a). Women and children first: An inside look at the challenges to reforming family detention in the United States. In Flynn, M. & Flynn, M., eds., Challenging Immigrant Detention: Academics, Activists, and Policy-makers, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Schriro, D. (2017b). Weeping in the playtime of others: The Obama administration’s failed reform of ICE family detention practices. Journal on Migration and Human Security, 5(2),452480.
Sharma, N. (2007). Global apartheid and nation-statehood: Instituting border regimes. In Goodman, J. and James, P., eds., Nationalism and Global Solidarities: Alternative Projections to Neoliberal Globalisation, New York: Routledge.
Sherman, C., Mendoza, M. & Burke, G. (2019). US held record number of migrant children in custody in 2019. Associated Press, https://apnews.com/015702afdb4d4fbf85cf5070cd2c6824.
Sides, J., Tesler, M., & Vavreck, L. (2017). The 2016 U.S. election: How Trump lost and won. Journal of Democracy, 28(2),3444.
Sierra Club. (2015). Border Wall Environmental Impacts, Sierra Club.
Silva, D. (2018). ‘Like I am trash’: Migrant children reveal stories of detention, separation. NBC News, www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/i-am-trash-migrant-children-reveal-stories-detention-separation-n895006.
Silva, D. (2019). Judge blocks Trump administration from indefinitely detaining migrant children. NBC News, www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/judge-blocks-trump-administration-indefinitely-detaining-migrant-children-n1059816.
Silverman, S. (2010). Immigration detention in America: A history of its expansion and a study of its significance. Center on Migration, Policy and Society, Working paper No. 80.
Simon, J. (1998). Refugees in a carceral age: The rebirth of immigration prisons in the United States. Public Culture, 10(3),577607.
Skocpol, T., & Williamson, V. (2016). The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism, New York: Oxford University Press
Slack, J., Martinez, D., Whiteford, S., & Peiffer, E. (2015). In harm’s way: Family separation, immigration enforcement programs and security on the US–Mexico border. Journal on Migration and Human Security, 3(20),109128.
Smith, D., & Phillips, T. (2018). Child separations: Trump faces extreme backlash from public and his own party. The Guardian, www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jun/19/child.
Smith, S. (2019). Christians speak out as migrant children are detained without soap, hygiene needs. Christian Post, www.christianpost.com/news/christians-speak-out-as-migrant-children-are-detained-without-soap-hygiene-needs.html.
Sonmez, F., & Parker, A. (2020). As Trump stands by Charlottesville remarks, rise of white-nationalist violence becomes an issue in 2020 presidential race. Washington Post, www.washingtonpost.com/politics/as-trump-stands-by-charlottesville-remarks-rise-of-white-nationalist-violence-becomes-an-issue-in-2020-presidential-race/2019/04/28/83aaf1ca-69c0-11e9-a66d-a82d3f3d96d5_story.html%3foutputtype=amp.
Sorel, J. (2014). Is the Wall Soluble into International Law? In Vallet, E., ed., Borders, Fences and Walls, New York: Routledge.
Stieb, M. (2019). Everything we know about the inhumane conditions at migrant detention camps. New York Magazine, http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/06/the-inhumane-conditions-at-migrant-detention-camps.html.
Stiglitz, J. (2018). Globalization and Its Discontents: Anti-globalization in the Era of Trump, New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Stolberg, S. G. (2019). Ocasio-Cortez calls migrant detention centers “concentration camps,” backlash. The New York Times, www.nytimes.com/2019/06/18/us/politics/ocasio-cortez.
Suárez-Orozco, C., Bang, H. J., & Kim, H. Y. (2011). I felt like my heart was staying behind: Psychological implications of family separations & reunifications for immigrant youth. Journal of Adolescent Research, 26(2),222257.
Taber, C. S., & Lodge, M. (2006). Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs. American Journal of Political Science, 50(3),755769.
Takei, G. (2018). “At least during the internment … : Are words I never thought I’d utter. Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/06/19/at-least-during-the-internment-are-words-i-thought-id-never-utter-family-separation-children-border/.
Taylor, J. (2019). State of the Union: “Tonight, I ask you to choose greatness,” Trump says. NPR, www.npr.org/2019/02/05/688043654/watch-live.
Tesler, M. (2016). Post-Racial or Most-Racial?: Race and Politics in the Obama Era, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Thompson, A. C. (2019). Inside the secret border patrol Facebook group where agents joke about migrant deaths and post sexist memes. ProPublica, www.propublica.org/article/secret-border-patrol-facebook-group-agents-joke-about-migrant-deaths-post-sexist-memes.
Tichenor, D. (2002). Dividing Lines: The Politics of Immigration Control in America, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Trapasso, C. (2019). The real border wall battle: It’s Texas homeowners who may pay the price. MySA, www.mysanantonio.com/realestate/article/Thousands-of-People-Will-Lose-Their-13612620.php.
Trump, D. J. (2016). Transcript of Donald Trump’s immigration speech. The New York Times, www.nytimes.com/2016/09/02/us/politics/transcript-trump.
Trump, D. J. (2019a). President Donald J. Trump’s efforts to combat the crisis at our southern border are delivering results. The White House, www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president.
Trump, D. J. (2019b). President Donald Trump stands by his declaration of a national emergency on the southern border. March 15. The White House, www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trump-stands-declaration-national-emergency-southern-border/
Tuch, S. A. & Hughes, M. (2011). Whites’ racial policy attitudes in the Twenty-first century: The continuing significance of racial resentment. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 634(1),134152.
U.S. Border Patrol. (2019). Southwest Border Sectors: Southwest Border Deaths by Fiscal Year. www.cbp.gov/document/stats/us-border-patrol-fiscal-year-southwest-border-sector-deaths-fy-1998-fy-2019.
Valdez, I. (2016). Punishment, race, and the organization of US immigration exclusion. Political Research Quarterly, 69(4),640654.
Valentino, N. A., & Brader, T. (2011) The sword’s other edge: Perceptions of discrimination and racial policy opinion after Obama. Public Opinion Quarterly, 75(2),201226.
Valentino, N. A., Brader, T., & Jardina, A. E. (2013). Immigration opposition among US whites: General ethnocentrism or media priming of attitudes about Latinos. Political Psychology, 34(2),149166.
Vallet, E. (2016) Borders, Fences and Walls, New York: Routledge
Vallet, E. (2019). Border walls and the illusion of deterrence. In Reece, J., ed., Open Borders: In Defense of Free Movement, Borgart: University of Georgia Press.
Vallet, E., & David, C. (2014). Walls of Money: Secrutization of Border Discourses and Militarization of Markets. In Vallet, E., ed., Borders, Fences and Walls, New York: Routledge.
Vallet, E., & David, C. -P. (2012). Introduction: The (Re)Building of the wall in international relations. Journal of Borderlands Studies, 27(2),111119.
Wadhia, S. S. (2019). Banned: Immigration Enforcement in the Time of Trump, New York: New York University Press.
Wallace, G. P. R., & Wallace, S. J. (2020). Who gets to have a DREAM? Examining public support for immigration reform. International Migration Review, 54(2),527558.
Wallace, S. J. (2012). It’s complicated: Latinos, President Obama, and the 2012 election. Social Science Quarterly, 93(5),13601383.
Wallace, S. J. (2014a). Papers please: State‐level anti‐immigrant legislation in the wake of Arizona’s SB 1070. Political Science Quarterly, 129(2),261291.
Wallace, S. J. (2014b). Representing Latinos: Examining descriptive and substantive representation in Congress. Political Research Quarterly, 67(4),917929.
Weber, L., & Pickering, S. (2011). Globalization and Borders: Death at the Global Frontier, New York, NY: Palgrave.
Welch, M. (1996). The immigration crisis: Detention as an emerging mechanism of social control, Social Justice,23(3), 169184.
Willis, A. (2019a). U.S. House passes $4.5 billion border aid bill amid mounting concern for detained migrant children. The Texas Tribune, www.texastribune.org/2019/06/25/us-house.
Willis, A. (2019b). Here’s what’s in the $4.6 billion border aid bill passed by Congress. The Texas Tribune, www.texastribune.org/2019/06/27/border-aid.
Wilper, A. P., et al. (2009). The health and health care of US prisoners: Results of a nationwide survey. American Journal of Public Health, 99(4),666672.
Wilsher, D. (2011). Immigration Detention: Law, History, Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Wilson, J. G., Benavides, J., Reisinger, A., Lemen, J., Hurwitz, Z., Spangler, J., & Engle, K. (2008). An analysis of demographic disparities associated with the proposed U.S.–Mexico border fence in Cameron County, Texas. University of Texas School of Law Working Group on Human Rights and the Border Wall.
Wong, C. J. (2010). Boundaries of Obligation in American Politics: Geographic, National, and Racial Communities. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Wong, T. K. (2015). Rights, Deportation, and Detention in the Age of Immigration, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Wong, T. K. (2017). The Politics of Immigration: Partisanship, Demographic Change, and American National Identity, New York: Oxford University Press.
Wong, T. K. (2018). Do family separation and detention deter immigration? https://perma.cc/EXR5-7VGL.
Wong, T .K., & Ramakrishnan, S. K. (2010). Partisanship not Spanish: Explaining municipal ordinances affecting undocumented immigrants. In Varsanyi, M., ed., Taking Local Control: Immigration Policy Activism in US Cities and States, Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
Wu, N. (2019). Trump administration to house migrant children at Fort Sill, which once served as a Japanese internment camp. USA Today, www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/06/12/trump-administration-house-migrant-kids-former-japanese-internment-camp/1430394001/.
Zepeda-Millán, C. (2014). Perceptions of threat, demographic diversity, and the framing of illegality: Explaining (non)participation in New York’s 2006 immigrant protests. Political Research Quarterly, 67(4),880888.
Zepeda-Millán, C. (2017). Latino Mass Mobilization: Immigration, Racialization, and Activism, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Zimmer, B. (2019). What Trump talks about when he talks about infestations. Politico, www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/07/29/trump-baltimore-infest-tweet-cummings-racist-227485.
Zolberg, A. (2006). A Nation by Design: Immigration Policy in the Fashioning of America, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.