1977 Geneva Protocol I Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, Art. 51 (5) (b), in Documents on the Laws of War (3rd edition), Roberts, Adam and Guelff, Richard, eds., Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 481–512, 2000.
Adcock, Frank E.Roman Political Ideas and Practice. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1964.
Adelman, Howard. “The Ethics of Humanitarian Intervention: The Case of the Kurdish Refugees,” Public Affairs Quarterly, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 61–87, January 1992.
Allhoff, Fritz. “A Defense of Torture: Separation of Cases, Ticking Time-Bombs, and Moral Justification,” International Journal of Applied Philosophy, vol. 19, pp. 243–64, Fall 2005.
American Articles of War of 1775, Article 12, reprinted in Winthrop, William, Military Law and Precedents, vol. 2 (2nd edition). Washington D.C.: Kessinger, 1896.
Anaya, S. James. “The Contemporary Definition of the International Norm of Self-determination,” Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 131–64, 1993.
Anderson, Kenneth. “Who Owns the Rules of War?,” New York Times Magazine, pp. 38–43, April 13, 2003.
Anghie, Antony. “Finding the Peripheries: Sovereignty and Colonialism in Nineteenth Century International Law,” Harvard International Law Journal, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 1–81, Winter 1999.
Anscombe, Elizabeth. “War and Murder,” in Nuclear Weapons and Christian Conscience, Stein, Walter, ed., London: Merlin, pp. 45–62, 1960.
Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologiae, IIaIIae, q. 40, art. 1, resp. in Jonathan Barnes, “The Just War,” in The Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy, Kretzmann, Norman, Kenny, Anthony, and Pinborg, Jan, eds., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Archibugi, Danielle. “Universal and Cosmopolitan Democracy,” presented at the American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, 2005.
Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics, in The Complete Works of Aristotle, Barnes, Jonathan, ed., Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984.
Arrigo, Jean Maria. “A Utilitarian Argument against Torture Interrogation of Terrorists,” Science and Engineering Ethics, vol. 10, pp. 543–72, July 2004.
Austin, John L. “A Plea for Excuses,” in John L. Austin, Philosophical Papers (3rd editon), Urmson, J. O. and Warnock, G. J., eds., Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 175–204, 1979.
Australian government report. Bringing Them Home, available at http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/special/rsjproject/rsjlibrary/hreoc/stolen.
Ayoob, Mohammed. “Humanitarian Intervention and State Sovereignty,” International Journal of Human Rights, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 81–102, Spring 2002.
Bainton, Roland. Christian Attitudes towards War and Peace. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1960.
Barnett, Michael N., and Finnemore, Martha. “The Politics, Power and Pathologies of International Organizations,” International Organization, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 699–732, Autumn 1999.
Beardsley, Kyle C., Quinn, David, Biswas, Bidisha, and Wilkenfeld, Jonathan. “Mediation Styles and Crisis Outcomes,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 58–86, February 2006.
Beitz, Charles. Political Theory and International Relations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979.
Beitz, Charles. “Social and Cosmopolitan Liberalism,” International Affairs, vol. 75, pp. 515–29, 1999.
Belgrad, Eric, and Nitza, Nachmías, eds., The Politics of Humanitarian Aid Operations. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1997.
Bellinger, John B. III (Legal Adviser, U.S. Department of State) and William J. Haynes, II (General Counsel, U.S. Department of Defense) to Jakob Kellenberger (ICRC President), Nov. 3, 2006, available at http://www.defenselink.mil/home/pdf/Customary_International_Humanitiarian_Law.pdf.
Bennett, Jonathan. “Morality and Consequences,” in The Tanner Lectures on Human Values II, Sterling, M. McMurrin, ed., Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1981.
Best, Geoffery. War and Law since 1945. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.
Black-Michaud, Jacob. Cohesive Force: Feud in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1975.
Bloomfield, David, Barnes, Teresa, and Huyse, Luc, eds. Reconciliation after Violent Conflict: A Handbook. Stockholm: International Institute for Democratic and Electoral Assistance, 2003.
Blumenfeld, Laura. Revenge, New York: Washington Square Press, 2002.
Bohman, James. “Beyond the Democratic Peace: An Instrumental Argument for Transnational Democracy,” Journal of Social Philosophy, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 127–38, 2006.
Bohman, James. “The Republic of Humanity: The Cosmopolitan Imperative of Democratic Non-Domination,” in Republicanism and Political Theory, Laborde, Cécile and Maynor, J., eds., London: Basil Blackwell, 2007.
Brandt, Richard B. “Utilitarianism and the Rules of War,” Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol. 1, pp. 145–65, 1971/72.
Brock, Gillian. “Humanitarian Intervention: Closing the Gap between Theory and Practice,” Journal of Applied Philosophy, vol. 23, no. 3. pp. 277–91, 2006.
Buchanan, Allen. Justice, Legitimacy and Self-Determination: Moral Foundations for International Law. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Buchanan, Allen. “Recognitional Legitimacy and the State System,” Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol. 28, pp. 46–78, 1999.
Bull, Hedley. The Anarchical Society (3rd edition), New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.
Burnham, Gilbert. “Mortality after the 2003 Invasion of Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Cluster Sample Survey,” The Lancet, October 6, 2006, available at http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/journals/lancet/s0140673606694919.pdf.
Cajetan. De Justitia et Jure opera omnia, in The Ethics of War: Classic and Contemporary Readings, Gregory, M. Reichberg, Syse, Henrik, and Begby, Endre, eds., Malden, MA, and Oxford: Blackwell, 2006.
Cassese, Antonio. Self-Determination of Peoples: A Legal Reappraisal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Charter of the United Nations, T.S. 993, 59 Stat. 1031, 1976 Y.B.U.N. 1043 (June 26, 1945), Art. 51. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1950.
Chevrier, Marie I. “Deliberate Disease: Biological Weapons, Threats, and Policy Responses,” Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 395–417, 1993.
Chivers, Christopher J. “In Murky War Zone, a Secret Life as Terrorist's Wife,” International Herald Tribune, August 28, 2006.
Christopher, Paul. The Ethics of War and Peace (3rd edition), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2004.
Christopher, Paul. “Humanitarian Interventions and the Limits of Sovereignty,” Public Affairs Quarterly, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 103–19, April 1996.
Cicero, Marcus Tullius. Pro Milone 11, Francis, H. Colson, ed., London: Bristol Classical Press, 1991.
Cicero on the Emotions: TusculanDisputations 3 and 4. Margaret, R. Graver, trans., Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.
Coady, C. A. J. (Tony) “The Morality of Terrorism,” Philosophy, vol. 60, no. 231, pp. 47–69, 1985.
Coates, Anthony J.The Ethics of War. Manchester: University of Manchester Press, 1997.
Coleman, Jules. Risks and Wrongs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Coppieters, Bruno, and Fotion, Nick, eds. Moral Constraints on War: Principles and Cases. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2002.
Cox, Michael, Ikenberry, John, and Inoguchi, Takashi. American Democracy Promotion: Impulses, Strategies, and Impacts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Daes, Erica-Irene. “Striving for Self-Determination for Indigenous Peoples,” in The Right to Self-Determination, Kly, Y. N. and Kly, D., eds., Atlanta: Clarity Press, 2001.
Davis, Michael. “The Moral Justifiability of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment,” International Journal of Applied Philosophy, vol. 19, pp. 161–78, Fall 2005.
Davis, Michael. “Three Fallacies of Torture,” Free Inquiry, vol. 26, pp. 49–50, December 2005/January 2006.
Davis, Michael. “Torturing Profession,” Professional Ethics, forthcoming.
Mulinen, Frederic. Handbook on the Law of War for Armed Forces (ICRC, 1987), Conduct Principle 387. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1987.
de Vattel, Emer. “The Law of Nations,” in The Ethics of War: Classical and Contemporary Readings, Gregory, M. Reichberg., eds., Malden, MA, and Oxford: Blackwell, 2006.
Dershowitz, Alan M.Why Terrorism Works: Understanding the Threat, Responding to the Challenge. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002.
Deudney, Michael. Bounding Power. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.
Devine, Philip E. “A Fallacious Argument against Moral Absolutes,” Argumentation, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 611–16, November 1995.
Diamond, Larry. Can the Whole World Become Democratic?: Democracy, Development, and International Policies. Irvine, CA: Center for the Study of Democracy, 2003.
Dickey, Christopher. “Women of Al Qaeda,” Newsweek, pp. 27–36, December 12, 2005.
Downey, William Gerald Jr. “The Law of War and Military Necessity,” American Journal of International Law, vol. 47, pp. 251–62, 1953.
Duffy, Helen. The “War on Terror” and the Framework of International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Dwyer, Susan. “Reconciliation for Realists,” in Dilemmas of Reconciliation: Cases and Concepts, Carol, A. L. Prager and Govier, Trudy, eds., Waterloo, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2003.
Easterbrook, Gregg. “Term Limits,” The New Republic, vol. 227, no. 1, pp. 22–25, October 7, 2002.
Elden, Stuart. “Contingent Sovereignty, Territorial Integrity and the Sanctity of Borders,” SAIS Review, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 31–61, 2006.
Elster, Jon. “Norms of Revenge,” Ethics, vol. 100, pp. 862–85, July 1990.
Falk, Richard. Human Rights Horizons: The Pursuit of Justice in a Globalizing World. New York: Routledge, 2000.
Falk, Richard. “The Rights of Peoples (in Particular Indigenous Peoples),” in The Rights of Peoples, Crawford, James, ed., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.
Farer, Tom. “The Ethics of Intervening in Self-Determination Struggles,” Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 382–406, 2003.
Farley, Gail R. “Lustration, Decommunization, and European Union Enlargement 2004,” available at http://www.eucenter.scrippscollege.edu/eu_events/papers/paper/panel.
Farrell, Daniel. “The Justification of Deterrent Violence,” Ethics, vol. 100, pp. 301–17, 1990.
Fixdal, Mona, and Smith, Dan. “Humanitarian Intervention and Just War,” Mershon International Studies Review, vol. 42, pp. 283–312, 1998.
Fletcher, George P. “Punishment and Self-Defense,” Law and Philosophy, vol. 8, pp. 201–15, 1989.
Fletcher, George P.. “Self-Defense as a Justification for Punishment,” Cardozo Law Review, vol. 12, pp. 859–66, 1990–1991.
Freedman, Lawrence. The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1981.
French, Peter. The Virtues of Vengeance, Lawrence: The University Press of Kansas, 2001.
Fridja, Nico. “The Lex Talionis: On Vengeance,” in Emotions: Essays on Emotion Theory, Goozen, S. H. M., Poll, N. E., and Sergeant, J. A., eds., Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994.
Friedman, Marilyn. “Female Terrorists: What Difference Does Gender Make?” presented to the North American Society for Social Philosophy, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada, August 4, 2006.
Fullinwider, Robert. “War and Innocence,” in International Ethics, Beitz, ., eds., Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985.
Fussell, Paul. “Thank God for the Atom Bomb,” in Thank God for the Atom Bomb and Other Essays. New York: Summit Books, 1988, available at http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfib/courses/Fussell.pdf.
Garamone, Jim. “DoD, State Department Criticize Red Cross Law of War Study,” Armed Forces Press Service, March 8, 2007, available at http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=3308.
Gentili, Alberico. “De jure belli libri tres (On the Law of War),” in The Ethics of War: Classic and Contemporary Readings, Gregory, M. Reichberg, Syse, Henrik, and Begby, Endre, eds., Malden, MA, and Oxford: Blackwell, 2006.
Gould, Carol. “Self-Determination beyond Sovereignty: Relating Transnational Democracy to Local Autonomy,” Journal of Social Philosophy, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 44–60, Spring 2006.
Govier, Trudy. Social Trust and Human Communities. Montreal and Kingston: McGill–Queen's University Press, 1997.
Govier, Trudy. Taking Wrongs Seriously: Acknowledgement, Reconciliation, and the Politics of Sustainable Peace. Amherst, NY: Humanity Books, 2006.
Govier, Trudy, and Verwoerd, Wilhelm. “Trust and the Problem of National Reconciliation,” Philosophy of the Social Sciences, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 178–205, 2002.
Gratian. “Decretum,” in The Ethics of War: Classic and Contemporary Readings, Gregory, M. Reichberg, Syse, Henrik, and Begby, Endre, eds., Malden, MA, and Oxford: Blackwell, 2006.
Green, Leslie. “Command Responsibility in International Humanitarian Law,” Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems, vol. 5, pp. 337–38, 1995.
Gross, Oren. “The Prohibition of Torture and the Limits of Law,” in Torture: A Collection, Levinson, , ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Grotius. “De jure belli ac pacis,” in The Ethics of War: Classic and Contemporary Readings, Gregory, M. Reichberg, Syse, Henrik, and Begby, Endre, eds., Malden, MA, and Oxford: Blackwell, 2006.
Haggenmacher, Peter. “Just War and Regular War in Sixteenth Century Spanish Doctrine,” International Review of the Red Cross, vol. 290, 1992.
Hashmi, Sohail, and Steven P. Lee. “Introduction,” in Ethics and Weapons of Mass Destruction, Hashmi, Sohail and Lee, Steven, eds., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Hedges, Chris. War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning. New York: Anchor Books, 2002.
Henckaerts, Jean-Marie. Customary International Humanitarian Law. Cambridge: Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan, Oakeshott, Thomas, ed., Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1957.
Holder, Cindy. “Self-Determination as a Universal Human Right,” Human Rights Review, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 5–18, 2006.
Holmes, Robert L.On War and Morality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989.
Honohan, Iseult. Civic Republicanism. London: Routledge, 2002.
Houston, Barbara. “In Praise of Blame,” Hypatia, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 128–47, Fall 1992.
Humphrey, John H. “Preventing CBW,” in CBW: Chemical and Biological Warfare, Rose, Steven, ed., Boston: Beacon Press, 1969.
Hurka, Thomas. “Liability and Just Cause,” Ethics & International Affairs, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 199–218, Summer 2007.
Hurka, Thomas. “Rights and Capital Punishment,” Dialogue, vol. 21, pp. 647–60, 1982.
ICTY decision Prosecutor v. Halilovic, ICTY Trial Chamber, Judgement of 16 November 2005, paras. 42–54, available at http://www.un.org/icty/halilovic/trialc/judgement/index.htm.
Ignatieff, Michael. The Warrior's Honor: Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience. New York: Henry Holt, 1997.
The Iliad. Fagles, Robert, trans., New York: Penguin, 1999.
International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. The Responsibility to Protect: Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (International Development Research Centre: Ottawa, 2001), available at http://www.iciss.ca/report-en.asp.
Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. “Blackmailing Young Women into Suicide Terrorism” (February 12, 2003), available at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Communiques/2003/Blackmailing%20Young%2.
Jackson, Robert. The Global Covenant: Human Conduct in a World of States. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Jeffery, Renee. Hugo Grotius in International Thought. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
Johnson, James Turner. Ideology, Reason and the Limitation of War: Religious and Secular Concepts 1200–1740. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975.
Johnson, James Turner. The Just War Tradition and the Restraint of War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981.
Johnson, James Turner. Morality and Contemporary Warfare. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999.
Johnson, James Turner. The Quest for Peace: Three Moral Traditions in Western Cultural History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987.
Jünger, Ernst. The Storm of Steel. New York: Fertig, 1996.
Kadish, Mortimer R., and Sanford, H. Kadish. Discretion to Disobey: A Study of Lawful Departures from Legal Rules. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1973.
Kamm, Frances M. “Failures of Just War Theory: Terror, Harm, and Justice,” Ethics, vol. 114, pp. 650–92, 2004.
Kamm, Frances M.. “Justifications for Killing Noncombatants in War,” Midwest Studies in Philosophy, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 219–28, 2000.
Kaufman, Whitley. “What Is the Scope of Civilian Immunity in Wartime?,” Journal of Military Ethics, vol. 2, pp. 186–94, 2003.
Keegan, John. The Faces of Battle: A Study of Agincourt, Waterloo and the Somme. New York: Vintage, 1976.
Keegan, John. The Mask of Command. New York: Viking, 1987.
Keen, Maurice H.The Laws of War in the Late Middle Ages. London: Routledge, 1965.
Kemp, Kenneth W. “Punishment as Just Cause for War,” Public Affairs Quarterly, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 335–53, October 1996.
Kent, Randolph C. “International Humanitarian Crises: Two Decades Before and Two Decades Beyond,” International Affairs, vol. 80, no. 5, pp. 851–69, 2004.
Khattak, Saba Gul. “Afghan Woman: Bombed to Be Liberated?,” Middle East Report, vol. 222, pp. 18–23, 2002.
Kingsbury, Benedict. “Sovereignty and Inequality,” European Journal of International Law, vol. 9, pp. 599–625, 1998.
Kirk, Geoffrey S., and John, E. Raven. The Presocratic Philosophers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957.
Koblentz, Gregory. “Pathogens as Weapons,” International Security, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 123–48, Winter 2003/04.
Koskenniemi, Martti. “Between Impunity and Show Trials,” Max Planck Yearbook of International Law, vol. 6, pp. 1–35, 2002.
Koskenniemi, Martti. The Gentle Civilizer of Nations: The Rise and Fall of International Law, 1880–1960. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Lee, Steven P.Morality, Prudence, and Nuclear Weapons. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion, ICJ Reports 1996.
Lewis, David. “Devil's Bargains and the Real World,” in The Security Gamble: Deterrence Dilemmas in the Nuclear Age, MacLean, Douglas, ed., Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld, 1984.
Lewis, Norman. Naples 44. New York: Pantheon, 1978.
Lichtenberg, Judith. “War, Innocence, and the Doctrine of Double Effect,” Philosophical Studies, vol. 74, pp. 347–68, 1994.
Liechty, Joseph, and Clegg, Cecilia. Moving beyond Sectarianism: Religion, Conflict, and Reconciliation in Northern Ireland. Dublin: Columbia Press, 2001.
“Life Histories, Blood Revenge and Warfare in a Tribal Population,” Science, vol. 16, pp. 985–92, February 1988.
Luban, David. “Fairness to Rightness: Jurisdiction, Legality, and the Legitimacy of International Criminal Law,” in Philosophy in International Law, Besson, Samantha and Tasioulas, John, eds., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Luban, David. “Liberalism, Torture, and the Ticking Bomb,” The Torture Debate in America, in Karen, J. Greenberg, ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 35–83, 2005.
“Marines Wade into Dreaded Urban Battle,” The Globe and Mail, March 25, 2003 (New York Times Service).
Martin, Susan. “The Role of Biological Weapons in International Politics: The Real Military Revolution,” Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 63–98, March 2002.
Martin, Susan. “Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Brief Overview,” in Ethics and Weapons of Mass Destruction, Hashmi, Sohail and Lee, Steven P., eds., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Mavrodes, George I. “Conventions and the Morality of War,” Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol. 4, pp. 117–31, 1975.
May, Larry. Aggression and Crimes against Peace. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
May, Larry. Crimes against Humanity: A Normative Account. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
May, Larry. The Morality of Groups. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1987.
May, Larry. War Crimes and Just War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
May, Larry, Rovie, Eric, and Viner, Steve, eds. The Morality of War. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2006.
McIntyre, Alison. “Doing Away with Double Effect,” Ethics, vol. 111, pp. 219–55, 2001.
McKenna, Michael. “The Relationship between Autonomous and Morally Responsible Agency,” in Personal Autonomy: New Essays on Personal Autonomy and Its Role in Contemporary Moral Philosophy, James, Stacey Taylor, ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 205–34, 2005.
McKeogh, Colm. Innocent Civilians: The Morality of Killing in War. New York: Palgrave, 2002.
McMahan, Jeff. “The Ethics of Killing in War,” Ethics, vol. 114, pp. 693–733, 2004.
McMahan, Jeff. “Intervention and Collective Self-Determination,” Ethics & International Affairs, vol. 10, pp. 1–24, 1996.
McMahan, Jeff. “Just Cause for War,” Ethics & International Affairs, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1–21, 2005.
McMahan, Jeff, and McKim, Robert, “The Just War and the Gulf War,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 23(4), pp. 501–41, December 1993.
Mellow, David. “Counterfactuals and the Proportionality Criterion,” Ethics & International Affairs, vol. 20(4), pp. 439–54, 2006.
Melzer, Yehuda. Concepts of Just War. Leiden: A. W. Sijthoff, 1975.
“Memo: President Bush on Humane Treatment of al-Qaeda and Taliban Detainees,” in Danner, Mark, Torture and Truth. New York Review Books, pp. 105–7, February 7, 2002.
Meron, Theodore. Henry's Wars and Shakespeare's Laws: Perspectives on the Law of War in the Later Middle Ages. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Mesquita, Bruno Bueno, and George, W. Downs, “Intervention and Democracy,” International Organization, vol. 60, pp. 627–49, 2006.
Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty, in The Philosophy of John Stuart Mill: Ethical, Political, and Religious, Cohen, Marshall, ed., New York: Modern Library, 1961.
Miller, William. An Eye for an Eye. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
“The Ministries Case Judgment,” Trials of War Criminals before Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, vol. 14, p. 337.
Philip, Montague. Punishment as Societal Defense. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1995.
Morris, Christopher. An Essay on the Modern State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Morrison, Philip, and Tsipis, Kosta. “Rightful Names,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 59, no. 3, p. 77, May/June 2003.
Mueller, John, and Mueller, Karl. “Sanctions of Mass Destruction,” Foreign Affairs, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 43–53, May/June 1999.
Murphy, Jeffrie. Getting Even: Forgiveness and Its Limits. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Neff, Stephen C.War and the Law of Nations: A General History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Newman, Dwight G. “The Rome Statute, Some Reservations Concerning Amnesties, and a Distributive Problem,” American University International Law Review, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 293–357.
Nickel, James W. “Are Human Rights Mainly Implemented by Intervention?” in Rawls's Law of Peoples: A Realistic Utopia?, Martin, Rex and Reidy, David, eds., New York: Blackwell, 2006.
Norman, Richard. Ethics, Killing and War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Ober, Josiah. “Classical Greek Times,” in The Laws of War: Constraints on Warfare in the Western World, Howard, Michael, Andreopoulos, George, and Mark, R. Schulman, eds., New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994.
O'Brien, William V.The Conduct of Just and Limited War. New York: Praeger, 1981.
O'Donovan, Oliver. The Just War Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Orend, Brian. “Justice after the War,” in Ethics & International Affairs, vol. 16, pp. 43–56, Spring 2002.
Orend, Brian. War and International Justice: A Kantian Perspective. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2000.
Orend, Brian. “War,” in Stanford Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Fall 2007 edition, available at http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2007/entries/war/.
Oshana, Marina. “The Misguided Marriage of Responsibility and Autonomy,” The Journal of Ethics, vol. 6, pp. 261–80, 2002.
Osiel, Mark. “The Banality of Good: Aligning Incentives against Mass Atrocity,” Columbia Law Review, vol. 105, pp. 1751–1862, 2005.
Osiel, Mark. Obeying Orders: Atrocity, Military Discipline, and the Law of War. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1999.
Ottaway, Marina, and Lacina, Bethany. “International Interventions and Imperialism: Lessons from the 1990s,” SAIS Review, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 71–92, Summer–Fall 2003.
Pagden, Anthony. Lords of All the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France c. 1500–1800. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995.
Pagden, Anthony, and Lawrence, Jeremy, eds. Francisco de Vitoria: Political Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Pandolfi, Mariella. “Contract of Mutual (In)difference: Governance and the Humanitarian Apparatus in Contemporary Albania and Kosovo,” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 369–81, Winter 2003.
Panofsky, Wolfgang. “Dismantling the Concept of ‘Weapons of Mass Destruction,’” Arms Control Today, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 3–8, April 1998.
Pape, Robert A.Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. New York: Random House, 2005.
Parker, Geoffery. The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West 1500–1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Patton, George S. “The Effect of Weapons on War,” Cavalry Journal. November 1930, available at http://www.pattonhq.com/textfiles/effect.html.
Pei, Minxin, and Kasper, Sara. Lessons from the Past: The American Record on Nation Building. Washington D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2003.
Perkovich, George. “Deconflating ‘WMD,’” 2004 paper by the Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission, available at www.wmdcommission.org.
Pettit, Philip. “Responsibility Incorporated,” Ethics, vol. 117, no. 2, pp. 171–201, 2007.
Pfaff, Tony. “The Ethics of Complex Contingencies,” in The Future of the Army Profession (2nd edition), Snider, Don and Matthews, Lloyd, eds., New York: McGraw Hill, 2005.
Pogge, Thomas. “An Institutional Approach to Humanitarian Intervention,” Public Affairs Quarterly, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 89–103, January 1992.
Pogge, Thomas. World Poverty and Human Rights. Cambridge, England: Polity Press, 2002.
Quester, George. “Review: Chemical and Biological Warfare,” American Political Science Review, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 1285–91, September 1974.
Quinn, Warren S. “Actions, Intentions, and Consequences: The Doctrine of Double Effect,” reprinted in Ethics: Problems and Principles, John, Martin Fischer and Ravizza, Mark, eds., Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992.
Ramsey, Paul. The Just War: Force and Political Responsibility. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1968.
Rawls, John. Justice as Fairness: A Restatement, Kelly, Erin, ed., Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2001.
Rawls, John. The Law of Peoples. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.
Reichberg, Gregory M. “Aquinas on Defensive Killing: A Case of Double Effect?” The Thomist, vol. 69, pp. 341–70, 2005.
Reichberg, Gregory M.. “Just War and Regular War: Competing Paradigms,” in Just and Unjust Warriors: Moral Equality on the Battlefield, Rodin, David and Shue, Henry, eds., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Reichberg, Gregory M.. “Preventive War in Classical Just War Theory,” Journal of the History of International Law, vol. 9, issue 1, pp. 5–33, 2007.
Reichberg, Gregory M., Syse, Henrik, and Begby, Endre. The Ethics of War: Classic and Contemporary Readings. Malden, MA, and Oxford: Blackwell, 2006.
Rengger, Nicholas. “The Judgment of War: On the Idea of Legitimate Force in World Politics,” The Review of International Studies, special issue, vol. 31, pp. 143–61, December 2005.
Rengger, Nicholas. “On the Just War Tradition in the Twenty First Century,” International Affairs, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 353–63, April 2002.
Report of the Special Committee on the Question of Defining Aggression, 11 March–12 April 1974, in Melzer, Yehuda, Concepts of Just War. Leiden: A. W. Sijthoff, 1975.
Richardson, Louise. What Terrorists Want: Understanding the Enemy, Containing the Threat. New York: Random House, 2006.
Roach, Steven C. “Humanitarian Emergencies and the International Criminal Court (ICC): Toward a Cooperative Arrangement between the ICC and UN Security Council,” International Studies Perspectives, vol. 6, pp. 431–46, 2005.
Roberts, Adam, and Guelff, Richard. Documents on the Laws of War (3rd edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Roberts, Brad, and Moodie, Michael. “Biological Weapons: Toward a Threat Reduction Strategy,” Defense Horizons, paper #15, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, National Defense University, July 2002.
Robinson, Mary. “Foreward,” in Stephen Macedo's Princeton Principles on Universal Jurisdiction. Princeton, NJ: Program in Law and Public Affairs, 2001.
Rodin, David. “Problems with Preventive War,” in Preventive War, Shue, Henry, ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Rodin, David. “Terrorism without Intention,” Ethics, vol. 114, pp. 752–71, 2004.
Rodin, David. War and Self-Defense. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Sadat, Leila Nadya. “Exile, Amnesty and International Law.” Notre Dame Law Review, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 935–1036, Spring 2006.
Saul, Ben. Defining Terrorism in International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Scanlon, Thomas M. “Intention and Permissibility I,” Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 301–17, 2000.
Scanlon, Thomas M.. What We Owe to Each Other. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.
Schmid, Alex P., and Albert, J. Jongman, Political Terrorism. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1983.
Scott, James. Seeing Like a State. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998.
Sen, Amartya. Development as Freedom. New York: Knopf, 1999.
Sen, Amartya. Poverty and Famine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
Seneca: Moral and Political Essays, John, M. Cooper and Procopé, J. F., trans., New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Shay, Jonathan. Achilles in Vietnam. New York: Touchstone, 1994.
Sherman, Nancy. “Empathy, Respect, and Humanitarian Intervention,” Ethics & International Affairs, vol. 12, pp. 103–19, 1998.
Sherman, Nancy. Stoic Warriors: The Ancient Philosophy behind the Military Mind. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Shue, Henry. “Torture,” Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol. 7, pp. 124–43, Spring 1978.
Shue, Henry. “War,” in The Oxford Handbook of Practical Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Singer, Peter W.Children at War. New York: Pantheon, 2005.
Skinner, Quentin. The Foundations of Modern Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
Slater, Jerome, and Nardin, Terry. “Nonintervention and Human Rights,” Journal of Politics, vol. 48, pp. 86–96, 1986.
Smith, Michael. “Humanitarian Intervention: An Overview of the Ethical Issues,” Ethics & International Affairs, vol. 12, pp. 63–79, 1998.
Solis, Gary D. “Obedience of Orders and the Law of War: Judicial Application in American Forums,” American University International Law Review, vol. 15, pp. 481–526, 2000.
Solomon, Robert. In Defense of Sentimentality. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Stein, Mark S. “Unauthorized Humanitarian Intervention,” Social Philosophy and Policy, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 14–38, Winter 2004.
Steinbruner, John. “Biological Weapons: A Plague upon All Houses,” Foreign Policy, vol. 109, pp. 85–96, Winter 1997–1998.
Stern, Jessica. “Dreaded Risks and the Control of Biological Weapons,” International Security, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 89–123, Winter 2002/2003.
Suárez, Francisco. “De bello” (“On War”), in The Ethics of War: Classic and Contemporary Readings, in Gregory, M. Reichberg, Syse, Henrik, and Begby, Endre, eds., Malden, MA, and Oxford: Blackwell, 2006.
Suárez, Francisco. “On War,” in Selections from Three Works (Dispation XIII, De Triplici Virtute Theologica: Charitate) (c. 1610), Gwladys, L. Williams, Brown, Ammi, and Waldron, John, trans., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1944.
Szasz, Paul. “The International Law Concerning Weapons of Mass Destruction,” in Ethics and Weapons of Mass Destruction, Hashmi, Sohail and Lee, Steven P., eds., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Talbot, Rhiannon. “Myths in the Representation of Women Terrorists,” Eire-Ireland, Fall 2001, available at http://www.dushkin.com/text-data/articles/31680/body.pdf, pp. 1–10.
Taylor, Telford. The Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992.
Teson, Fernando. Humanitarian Intervention: An Inquiry into Law and Morality. New York: Transnational, 1997.
Tessman, Lisa. Burdened Virtues: Virtue Ethics for Liberatory Struggles. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Thomas, Evan, and Johnson, Scott. “Probing Bloodbath,” Newsweek, June 12, 2006.
Thomson, Judith Jarvis. “Physician Assisted Suicide: Two Moral Arguments,” Ethics, vol. 109, pp. 497–518, 1999.
Thomson, Judith Jarvis. “Self Defense,” Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 283–310, 1991.
Tilly, Charles. Coercion, Capital and European States. London: Blackwell, 1990.
Tindale, Christopher W. “The Logic of Torture,” Social Theory and Practice, vol. 22, pp. 349–74, Fall 1996.
Vanderpol, Alfred. La Doctrine Scholastique du droit de guerre. Pedone: Paris, 1919.
Verwoerd, Wilhelm J.Equity, Mercy, and Forgiveness: Interpreting Amnesty within the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Leuven: Peeters, 2007.
Vitoria, Francisco de. De Indis et De Ivre Belli Reflectiones (On the Indians and Reflections on War) (1536), Nys, Ernest, ed., Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution, 1917.
Vitoria, Francisco de. De jure belli, in The Ethics of War: Classic and Contemporary Readings, Gregory, M. Reichberg, Syse, Henrik, and Begby, Endre, eds., Malden, MA, and Oxford: Blackwell, 2006.
Vitoria, Francisco de. “On the Law of War,” in Political Writings, Pagden, Anthony and Lawrence, Jeremy, eds., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Volkan, Vamik. Killing in the Name of Identity. Charlottesville, VA: Pitchstone, 2006.
von Clausewitz, Carl. On War, Rapaport, Anatol, ed., Harmondsworth, England: Penguin, 1968.
Wallace, R. Jay. Responsibility and the Moral Sentiments. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Waltz, Kenneth. “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: More May Be Better,” Adelphi Papers, no. 171, London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1981.
Walzer, Michael. “Emergency Ethics,” in Arguing about War. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004.
Walzer, Michael. Just and Unjust Wars. New York: Basic Books, 1977.
Walzer, Michael. “The Moral Standing of States: A Response to Four Critics,” Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 209–29, 1980.
Weiler, Joseph. “An ‘Ever Closer Union’ in Need of a Human Rights Policy,” European Journal of International Law, vol. 9, pp. 658–723, 1998.
William, Bernard. Shame and Necessity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
Wynia, Matthew K. “Consequentialism and Harsh Interrogations,” The American Journal of Bioethics, vol. 5, pp. 4–6, January–February 2005.
Zanetti, Véronique. “Global Justice: Is Interventionism Desirable?” Metaphilosophy, vol. 32, no. 1 and 2, pp. 196–211, January 2001.
