Aas, K. F., (2011), ‘“Crimmigrant” bodies and the bona fide traveller: surveillance, citizenship and global governance’, Theoretical Criminology, 15, pp. 331–46.
Acey, C., (2000), ‘This is an illogical statement: dangerous trends in anti-prison activism’, Social Justice Journal, 27(3), pp. 206–11.
Adams, D., (1988), ‘Fundamental considerations: the deep meaning of Native American schooling, 1880–1900’, Harvard Educational Review, 58(1), pp. 1–28.
Adlam, J. and Scanlon, C., (2005), ‘Personality disorder and homelessness: membership and “unhoused minds”, in forensic settings’, Group Analysis, 38(3), pp. 452–66.
Advancement Project, (2010), Test, Punish, and Push Out: How Zero Tolerance and High-Stakes Testing Funnel Youth into the School-to-Prison Pipeline, Washington, DC: Advancement Project.
Agamben, G., (1995), ‘We refugees’, Symposium, 49, pp. 114–19, trans. by Michael Rocke.
Agamben, G., (2005), State of Exception, The University of Chicago Press.
Aglietta, M., (1979), A Theory of Capitalist Regulation, London: New Left Books.
Ahmed, S., (2001), ‘The organization of hate’, Law and Critique, 12, pp. 345–65.
Alexander, M., (2010), The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, New York: The New Press.
Alexander, M., (2011), ‘The New Jim Crow’, Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, 9(1), pp. 7–26.
Aliverti, A. (2012). ‘Exploring the function of criminal law in the policing of foreigners: the decision to prosecute immigration-related offences’, Social & Legal Studies, 21(4), pp. 511–27.
Allen, R., Levenson, J. and Garside, R., (2003), A Bitter Pill to Swallow: The Sentencing of Foreign National Drug Couriers. London: Rethinking Crime and Punishment.
Althusser, L., (1971), Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, London: New Left Books.
American Civil Liberties Union, (2012), Prisoners of Profit: Immigrants and Detention in Georgia, Atlanta, GA: American Civil Liberties Union Foundation of Georgia.
Amin, A., (ed.), (1995), Post-Fordism: A Reader, Oxford: Blackwell.
AndersonJ., (1988), The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Andreas, P. and Nadelmann, E., (2006), Policing the Globe: Criminalization and Crime Control in International Relations, New York: Oxford University Press.
Angel-Ajani, A., (2003), ‘A question of dangerous races?’, Punishment and Society 5(4), pp. 433–48.
Angel-Ajani, A., (2005), ‘Domestic enemies and carceral circles: African American women and criminalization in Italy’, in Sudbury, J. (ed.), Global Lockdown, London/New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 3–17.
Anyon, J., (1980), ‘Social class and the hidden curriculum of work’, Journal of Education, 162, pp. 67–92.
Anyon, J., (2005), Radical Possibilities, New York, NY: Routledge.
Apple, M., (2010), Global Crises, Social Justice, and Education, New York, NY: Routledge.
Aptheker, B., (1971), ‘The social functions of the prisons in the U.S.’, in Davis, A. Y., (ed.), If They Come in the Morning, Rochelle, NY: Third Press, pp. 39–48.
Aptheker, H., (1989), Abolitionism: A Revolutionary Movement, Boston, MA: Twayne Publishers.
Arendt, H., (1951), The Origins of Totalitarianism, New York, NY: Schocken Books.
Arendt, H., (1973), The Origins of Totalitarianism, (rev. edn), New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Armstrong, S. and McAra, L., (2006), ‘Audiences, borders, architecture: the contours of control’, in Armstrong, S. and McAra, L. (eds.), Perspectives on Punishment, Oxford University Press, pp. 1–30.
Arnett, J., (2000), ‘Emerging adulthood: a theory of development from the late teens through the twenties’, American Psychologist, 55(5), pp. 469–80.
Ashworth, A. and Zedner, L., (2010), ‘Preventive orders: a problem of undercriminalization?’, in Duff, R. A., Farmer, L., Marshal, S. E., Renzo, M. and Tadros, V. (eds.), The Boundaries of the Criminal Law, Oxford University Press, pp. 59–87.
Ashworth, A. and Zedner, L., (2011), ‘Just prevention: preventive rationales and the limits of the criminal law’, in Duff, R. A. and Green, S. (eds.), Philosophical Foundations of Criminal Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 279–303.
Association of Chief Executives of Voluntary Organisations (ACEVO), (2011), Cuts to the Third Sector: What Can We Learn from Transition Funds Applications, London: ACEVO.
Augustine, H., (1996), ‘J C Prichard’s concept of moral insanity: a medical theory of the corruption of human nature’, Medical History, 40, pp. 311–43.
Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2012), Corrective Services, Australia, March 2012, Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics.
Australian Human Rights Commission, (
2002),
Report of an Inquiry into a Complaint by Six Asylum Seekers Concerning their Transfer from Immigration Detention Centres to State Prisons and their Detention in those Prisons, HREOC Report No. 21, available at:
www.humanrights.gov.au/legal/humanrightsreports/hrc_report_21.html (accessed 1 January 2013).
Bacon, C., (2005), ‘The evolution of immigration detention in the UK: the involvement of private prison companies’, RSC Working Paper No. 27, pp. 1–36.
Baldry, E., (
2001),
Homelessness and the Criminal Justice System, Summit Paper on Homelessness, Parliament of New South Wales, Australia, available at:
http://parliament.nsw.gov.au (accessed 1 January 2013).
Ball, S., (2003), Class Strategies and the Education Market: The Middle Classes and Social Advantage, Abingdon: Routledge Falmer.
Bandes, S., (1999), The Passions of Law, New York University Press.
Banks, J., (2011), ‘Foreign national prisoners in the UK: explanations and implications’, Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 50(2), pp. 184–98.
Barabas, J., (2004), ‘How deliberation affects public opinion’, American Political Science Review, 98(4), pp. 687–701.
Barker, V., (2009), The Politics of Imprisonment: How the Democratic Process Shapes the Way America Punishes Offenders, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Barton, A. and Cooper, V., (2012), ‘Hostels and community justice for women: the “semi-penal” paradox’, in Malloch, M. and McIvor, G., (eds.), Women, Punishment and Social Justice: Human Rights and Penal Practices, London: Routledge, pp. 136–51.
Barton, A., Corteen, K., Scott, D. and Whyte, D., (2006), ‘Developing a criminological imagination’, in Barton, A., Corteen, K., Scott, D. and Whyte, D., (eds.), Expanding the Criminological Imagination, Cullompton: Willan/Routledge, pp. 1–25.
Bauman, Z., (2000), Modernity and the Holocaust, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Beaumont, G. de and de Tocqueville, A., (1979), On the Penitentiary System in the United States and Its Application in France, Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
Beck, U., (1992), Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity, London/Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Becker, G., (1968), ‘Crime and punishment: an economic approach’, Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), pp. 169–217.
Beckett, K., (1997a), Making Crime Pay: Law and Order in Contemporary American Politics, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Beckett, K., (1997b), ‘Political preoccupation with crime leads, not follows, public opinion’, in Tonry, M. (ed.), (2001), Penal Reform in Overcrowded Times, Oxford University Press, pp. 40–5.
Beckett, K. and Herbert, S., (2010), Banished: The New Social Control in Urban America, Oxford University Press.
Beckett, K. and Murakawa, N., (2012), ‘Mapping the shadow carceral state: towards an institutionally capacious approach to punishment’, Theoretical Criminology, 16, pp. 221–44.
Beckett, K. and Western, B., (2001), ‘Governing social marginality: welfare, incarceration, and the transformation of state policy’, in Garland, D., (ed.), Mass Imprisonment, London: Sage, pp. 35–50.
Bedau, H. A., (1977), The Courts, the Constitution, and Capital Punishment, Lexington Books.
Bell, E., (2011), Criminal Justice and Neoliberalism, Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bender, J., (1987), Imagining the Penitentiary: Fiction and the Architecture of Mind in Eighteenth Century England, The University of Chicago Press.
Bentham, J., (1995), The Panopticon Writings, London/New York: Verso.
Berger, V., (1992), ‘Payne and suffering – a personal reflection and a victim-centered critique’, Florida State University Law Review, 20, pp. 21–65.
Berkman, R., (1979), Opening the Gates: The Rise of the Prisoners’ Movement, Lexington Books.
Berlant, L., (2011), Cruel Optimism, Durham: Duke University Press.
Bernstein, R., (2011), Racial Innocence: Performing American Childhood from Slavery to Civil Rights, New York University Press.
Beveridge, W., (1942), Social Insurance and Allied Services, London: HMSO.
Bhui, H., (2004), Going the Distance: Developing Effective Policy and Practice with Foreign National Prisoners. London: Prison Reform Trust.
Bhui, H., (2007), ‘Alien experience: foreign national prisoners after the deportation crisis’, Probation Journal, 54(4): pp. 368–82.
Biehl, J., Good, B. and Kleinman, A., (eds.), (2007), ‘Introduction: rethinking subjectivity’, in Subjectivity: Ethnographic Investigations, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, pp. 1–22.
Birkbeck, C., (2011), ‘Imprisonment and internment: comparing penal institutions north and south’, Punishment and Society, 13, pp. 307–32.
Blackstone, W., (1766/1979), Commentaries on the Laws of England: Book the First, reprinted, The University of Chicago Press.
Blair, T., (1996), New Britain: My Vision of a Young Country, London: Fourth Estate.
Blair, T., (2004a), Speech made on launching the government’s new five-year crime strategy, 19 June.
Blair, T., (2004b), Speech on antisocial behaviour, 28 October.
Blumstein, A. and Wallman, J., (eds.), (2000), The Crime Drop in America, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Boltanski, L., (1987), The Making of a Class: Cadres in French Society, Cambridge University Press.
Boltanski, L., (2011), On Critique: A Sociology of Emancipation, Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Bonelli, L., (2008), La France a peur. Une histoire sociale de l’insécurité, Paris: La De´couverte.
Bonger, W. A., (1905/1916), Criminality and Economic Conditions, New York, NY: Little, Brown and Company.
Borrill, J. and Taylor, D. A., (2009). ‘Suicides by foreign national prisoners in England and Wales 2007: mental and cultural issues’, Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 20(6): pp. 886–905.
Bosworth, M., (2007), ‘Immigration detention’, in Lee, M. (ed.), Human Trafficking. Collumpton: Willan Publishing, pp. 159–77.
Bosworth, M., (2008), ‘Immigration detention’, Criminal Justice Matters, 71, pp. 24–5.
Bosworth, M., (2010a), Explaining U.S. Imprisonment, London: Sage.
Bosworth, M., (2010b), ‘Introduction: reinventing penal parsimony’, Theoretical Criminology, 14, pp. 251–6.
Bosworth, M., (2011a), ‘Deporting foreign national prisoners in England and Wales’, Citizenship Studies, 15(5), pp. 583–95.
Bosworth, M., (2011b), ‘Human rights and immigration detention’, in Dembour, M.–B. and Kelly, T. (eds.), Are Human Rights for Migrants? Critical Reflections on the Status of Irregular Migrants in Europe and the United States. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 165–83.
Bosworth, M., (2012), ‘Subjectivity and identity in detention: punishment and society in a global age’, Theoretical Criminology, 16, pp. 123–40.
Bosworth, M., (in press (a)), ‘Can immigration detention be legitimate?’, in Aas, K. and Bosworth, M. (eds.), Migration and Punishment: Citizenship, Crime Control, and Social Exclusion, Oxford University Press.
Bosworth, M., (in press (b)), Inside Immigration Detention: Foreigners in a Carceral Age.
Bosworth, M. and Guild, M., (2008), ‘Governing through migration control: security and citizenship in Britain’, The British Journal of Criminology, 48(6), pp. 703–19.
Bosworth, M. and Kellezi, B., (2012), Quality of Life in Detention: Results from the MQLD Questionnaire Data Collected in IRC Yarl’s Wood, IRC Tinsley House and IRC Brook House, August 2010 – June 2011. Oxford: Centre for Criminology.
Bosworth, M. and Kellezi, B., (in press), ‘The quality of life in detention’. Prison Service Journal.
Bosworth, M. and Kaufman, E., (2011), ‘Foreigners in a carceral age: immigration and imprisonment in the U.S.’, Stanford Law and Policy Review, 22, pp. 101–27.
Bourdieu, P., (1984), Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, London: Routledge.
Bourdieu, P., (1994), ‘Rethinking the state: on the genesis and structure of the bureaucratic field’, Sociological Theory, 12(1), pp. 1–19.
Bourdieu, P., (1998), State Nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power, Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Bourdieu, P., (1999), ‘The abdication of the state’, in Bourdieu, P. et al., The Weight of the World: Social Suffering in Contemporary Society, Cambridge, MA: Polity, pp. 181–8.
Bourdieu, P., (2005), The Social Structures of the Economy, Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Bourdieu, P., (2012), Sur l’État, Paris: Editions Seuil/Raisons d’agir.
Bourdieu, P. et al., (1999), The Weight of the World: Social Suffering in Contemporary Society, Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Bowles, H. and Gintis, H., (1976), Schooling in Capitalist America: Educational Reform and the Contradictions of Economic Life, New York, NY: Basic Books.
Box, S., (1983), Power, Crime and Mystification, London: Routledge.
Box, S. and Hale, C., (1985), ‘Unemployment, imprisonment, and prison overcrowding’, Contemporary Crises, 9, pp. 209–28.
Braithwaite, J. and Pettit, P., (1990), Not Just Deserts, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Braz, R. and Gilmore. C., (2006), ‘Joining forces: prisons and environmental justice in recent California organizing’, Radical History Review, 96, pp. 95–111.
Brenner, N. and Theodore, N., (eds.), (2002), Spaces of Neoliberalism: Urban Restructuring in North America and Western Europe, New York, NY: Wiley⁄Blackwell.
Brodeur, J. P., (2007), ‘Comparative penology in perspective’, in Tonry, M., (ed.), Crime, Punishment and Politics in Comparative Perspective, London: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 49–91.
Brown, E., (2006), ‘The dog that did not bark: punitive social views and the “professional middle classes”’, Punishment and Society, 8(3), pp. 287–312.
Brown, Michelle, (2005), ‘“Setting the conditions” for Abu Ghraib: the prison nation abroad’, American Quarterly, 57, pp. 973–97.
Brown, Michelle, (2009), The Culture of Punishment: Prison, Society, and Spectacle, New York University Press.
Brown, Michelle, (2012), ‘Empathy and punishment’, Punishment and Society, 14, pp. 1–19.
Brown, Mark, (
2011a), ‘Prevention and the security state: observations on an emerging jurisprudence of risk’,
Champ pénal/Penal field, nouvelle revue internationale de criminologie, available at:
http://champpenal.revues.org/8016 (accessed 1 January 2013).
Brown, Mark, (2011b), ‘Preventive detention and the control of sex crime: receding visions of justice in Australian case law’, Alternative Law Journal, 36, pp. 10–15.
Browne, J. A., (2003), Derailed: The School to Jailhouse Track, Washington, DC: The Advancement Project.
Buck, M., (2000), ‘Prisons, social control and political prisoners’, Social Justice, 27(3), pp. 25–8.
Bukhari, S., (2010), The War Before: The True Life Story of Becoming a Black Panther, Keeping the Faith, Fighting for Those Left Behind, New York, NY: Feminist Press.
Bumiller, K., (2008), In an Abusive State, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Bureau of Justice Statistics, (
2000),
Sexual Assault of Young Children as Reported to Law Enforcement: Victim, Incident, and Offender Characteristics in 2000, Bureau of Justice Statistics, available at:
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/saycrle.pdf (accessed 1 January 13).
Bureau of Justice Statistics, (2011), Prisoners in 2010, Washington, DC: Department of Justice.
Butler, J., (2004), Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence, London/New York: Verso.
Butler, J., (2005), Giving an Account of Oneself, New York, NY: Fordham University Press.
Butler, J., (2009), Frames of War: When is Life Grievable?, London/New York, NY: Verso.
Cain, M., (2009), Globality, Crime and Criminology, London: Sage.
Calavita, K., (2005), Immigrants at the Margins: Law, Race, and Exclusion in Southern Europe, Cambridge University Press.
Cameron, D., (2006), ‘Thugs – beyond redemption?’, speech to the Centre for Social Justice, 10 July.
Cameron, D., (2011a), Press conference on sentencing reform, London, 21 June.
Cameron, D., (2011b), Speech on the fight-back after the riots, Witney, 15 August.
Campbell, M. C., (2012), ‘Ornery alligators and soap on a rope: Texas prosecutors and punishment reform in the Lone Star State’, Theoretical Criminology, 16, pp. 289–312.
Campbell, J. and Pedersen, O. (eds.), (2001), The Rise of Neoliberalism and Institutional Analysis, Princeton University Press,.
Carlen, P., (1993), ‘“Underclass”, crime and imprisonment: the continuing need for agendas of utopianism, abolitionism and socialism’, in Criminology and Criminal Justice, Fourth Willem Bonger Lecture, University of Amsterdam, 14 May.
Carlen, P., (1996), Jigsaw: A Political Criminology of Youth Homelessness, Buckingham: Open University.
Carlen, P., (2002), ‘Carceral clawback: the case of women’s imprisonment in Canada’, Punishment and Society, 4(1), pp. 115–21.
Carlen, P., (2003), ‘A strategy for women offenders? Lock them up, programme them. . . and then send them out homeless’, Criminal Justice Matters, 53(1), pp. 34–5.
Carlen, P., (2008), ‘Imaginary penalities and risk-crazed governance’, in Carlen, P., (ed.), Imaginary Penalities, Cullompton: Willan, pp. 1–25.
Carlen, P., (2012), ‘Against rehabilitation, for reparative justice’, Twenty Second Lecture in Honour of Eve Saville, London, 6 November.
Carlen, P. and Worrall, A., (2004), Analysing Women’s Imprisonment, Cullompton: Willan.
Casey, L., (2006), Speech on socially-excluded families, 20 March.
Cavadino, M. and Dignan, J., (2006), Penal Systems, London: Sage.
Cesaroni, C. and Doob, A., (2003), ‘The decline in support for penal welfarism: evidence of support among the elite for punitive segregation’, British Journal of Criminology, 43(2), pp. 434–41.
Chambers, P., (2011), ‘Society has been defended: following the shifting shape of state through Australia’s Christmas Island’, International Political Sociology, 5, pp. 18–34.
Chambliss, W. J., (1999), Power, Politics, and Crime, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Chandler, C., (2010), ‘The gender-responsive prison expansion movement’, in Solinger, R., Johnson, P., Raimon, M. and Reynolds, T. (eds.), Interrupted Life: Experiences of Incarcerated Women in the United States, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, pp. 332–7.
Chandler, D., (1976), Capital Punishment in Canada: A Sociological Study of Repressive Law, Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.
Chermack, S., BaileyF. Y. and BrownM. (eds.), (2003), Media Representations of September 11, Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
Chibnall, S., (1977), Law and Order News, Oxford: Martin Robertson.
Chih Lin, A., (1998), ‘The troubled success of crime policy’, in Weir, M. (ed.), The Social Divide: Political Parties and the Future of Activist Government, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution⁄Russell Sage Foundation, pp. 312–57.
Childres, R. D., (1975), ‘Compensation for criminally inflicted personal injury,’ in Hudson, J. and Galaway, B. (eds.), Considering the Victim: Readings in Restitution and Victim Compensation. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, pp. 363–92.
Christie, N., (1977), ‘Conflicts as property’, British Journal of Criminology, 17(1), pp. 1–15.
Christie, N., (1981), Limits to Pain, Oxford: Martin Robertson.
Christie, N., (1986), ‘Suitable enemies’, in Bianchi, H. and Swaaningen, R. van, (eds.), Abolitionism, Amsterdam: Free University Press, pp. 42–54.
Christie, N., (1993), Crime Control as Industry, New York, NY: Routledge.
Christie, N., (2000), Crime Control as Industry, (3rd edn), London: Routledge.
Christie, N., (2004), A Suitable Amount of Crime, London: Routledge.
Christie, N., (2007), Limits to Pain: The Role of Punishment in Penal Policy. Eugene, OR: Wipfand Stock.
Christoph, G., (2010), ‘Le néolibéralisme: un essai de définition’, in Espiet-Kilty, R., Libéralisme(s)?, Clermont Ferrand: Presses Universitaires Blaise Pascal.
Christoph, J. B., (1962), Capital Punishment and British Politics: The British Movement to Abolish the Death Penalty, 1945–57, The University of Chicago Press.
Clarke, K., (2010), ‘The government’s vision for criminal justice reform’, speech delivered to the Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, 30 June.
Clarke, K., (2011), ‘Prison with a purpose’, speech to the Conservative Party Conference, October 4.
Clarke, J. and Newman, J., (2006), The Managerial State, (2nd edn), London/Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Clear, T., (2008), Imprisoning Communities: How Mass Incarceration Makes Disadvantaged Neighborhoods Worse, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Cohen, S., (1972), Folk Devils and Moral Panics, London: Routledge.
Cohen, S., (1980), ‘Preface’, in Dronfield, L., (1980), Outside Chance, London: RAP, pp. 2–6.
Cohen, S., (1985), Visions of Social Control, Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Cohen, S., (2001), States of Denial, Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Coker, D., (2001), ‘Crime control and feminist law reform in domestic violence law: a critical review’, Buffalo Criminal Law Review, 4(2), pp. 801–60.
Coleman, R., Sim, J., Tombs, S. and Whyte, D., (2009), ‘Introduction: state, power, crime’, in Coleman, R., Sim, J., Tombs, S. and Whyte, D., (eds.), State, Power, Crime, London: Sage, pp. 1–19.
Comaroff, J. and Comaroff, J. L. (eds.), (2001), Millennial Capitalism and the Culture of Neoliberalism, Durham, NC⁄London: Duke University Press.
Communities Against Rape and Abuse, (CARA), (2006), ‘Taking risks: implementing grassroots community accountability strategies’, in INCITE! Women of Color Against Violence (eds.), Color of Violence: The Incite! Anthology, Boston, MA: South End Press.
Corcoran, M., (2011), ‘Dilemmas of institutionalisation in the penal voluntary sector’, Critical Social Policy, 31(1), pp. 30–52.
Corporate Watch, (2012), Revealed: The Punishing Reality of the Coalition’s Welfare Reforms, London: Corporate Watch.
Correction Corporation of America, (2003), ‘CSC announces conclusion of investigation by the new state temporary Commission on Lobbying’, Press Release, 26 February.
Council of Europe, (2005), Twenty Guidelines on Forced Return, adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 4 May at the 925th meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies.
Council of Europe, (2007), Secret Detentions and Illegal Transfers of Detainees Involving Council of Europe Member States: Second Report, Doc. 11302 rev., 11 June.
Council of Europe, (2008), Memorandum by Thomas Hammarberg, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, following his visit to France from 21 to 23 May 2008, commDH(2008)34, Strasbourg, 20 November.
Council of Europe, (2012), SPACE I Annual Penal statistics of the Council of Europe: Survey 2010, Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
Critical Resistance, (2000), ‘The history of Critical Resistance’, Social Justice 27(3), pp. 6–9.
Critical Resistance, (2008), CR10: Strategy and Struggle to Abolish the Prison Industrial Complex Program Book, Oakland, CA: Critical Resistance.
Critical Resistance and INCITE!, (2003), ‘Critical Resistance–INCITE! statement on gender violence and the prison-industrial complex’, Social Justice, 30(3) pp. 141–51.
Crompton, R., (2008), Class and Stratification, Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Crouch, C., (2011), The Strange Non-Death of Neoliberalism, Cambridge and Malden, MA: Polity.
Cruikshank, B., (1999), The Will to Empower: Democratic Citizens and Other Subjects, London: Cornell University Press.
Cummins, E., (1994), The Rise and Fall of California’s Radical Prison Movement, Stanford University Press.
Cunneen, C., Baldry, E., Brown, D., Brown, M., Schwartz, M. and Steel, A., (2013), Penal Culture and Hyperincarceration: The Revival of the Prison, Aldershot: Ashgate.
Dardot, P. and Laval, C., (2009), La nouvelle raison du monde: Essai sur la société néolibérale, Paris: Éditions de la Découverte.
Das, V., (2007), Life and World: Violence and the Descent into the Ordinary, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Davies, J., (2011), Challenging Governance Theory: From Networks to Hegemony, Bristol: Policy Press.
Davis, A. Y., (2003), Are Prisons Obsolete?, New York, NY: Seven Stories Press.
Davis, A. Y., (2005), Abolition Democracy, New York, NY: Seven Stories Press.
Davis, A. Y., (2012), The Meaning of Freedom and Other Difficult Dialogues, San Francisco, CA: City Light Books.
Davis, M., (1995), ‘Hell factories in the field: a prison-industrial complex’, The Nation, 20 February, pp. 229–34.
Dayan, C., (2005), ‘Legal terrors’, Representations, 92(1), pp. 42–80.
Dayan, C., (2011), The Law is a White Dog: How Legal Rituals Make and Unmake Persons, Princeton University Press.
De Genova, N. and Peutz, N. (eds.), (2010), The Deportation Regime: Sovereignty, Space, and the Freedom of Movement, Durham: Duke University Press.
De Giorgi, A., (2006), Re-thinking the Political Economy of Punishment: Perspectives on Post-Fordism and Penal Politics, Aldershot: Ashgate.
De Giorgi, A., (2010), ‘Immigration control, post-Fordism, and less eligibility: a materialist critique of the criminalization of immigration across Europe’, in Punishment and Society, 12(2), pp. 147–67.
De Giorgi, A., (2011), ‘Post-Fordism and penal change: the new penology as a post-disciplinary social control strategy’, in Melossi, D., Sozzo, M. and Sparks, R. (eds.), Travels of the Criminal Question, Oxford: Hart Publishing, pp. 113–46.
De Giorgi, A., (2012), ‘Punishment and political economy’, in Simon. J. and Sparks, R. (eds.), Handbook of Punishment and Society, London: Sage, pp. 40–59.
de Haan, W., (1990), The Politics of Redress, London: Unwin Hyman.
DeClerk, P., (2006), ‘The necessary suffering of the homeless’, in Scholar, R., (ed.), Divided Cities, Oxford University Press.
Dempsey, M. M., (2009), Prosecuting Domestic Violence: A Philosophical Analysis, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Dhondt, G., (2002), Big Prisons and Small Towns, Amherst, MA: Center for Popular Economics.
Dobash, R. E. and Dobash, R. P., (1992), Women, Violence and Social Change, London/New York, NY: Routledge.
Dobash, R. P., Dobash, R. E and Gutteridge, S., (1986), The Imprisonment of Women, Oxford: Blackwell.
Dolovich, S., (2011), ‘Exclusion and control in the carceral state’, The Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law, 16(2), pp. 259–339.
Dolovich, S., (2012), ‘Creating the permanent prisoner’, in Ogletree, C. Jr. and Sarat, A. (eds.), Life Without Parole: America’s New Death Penalty, New York University Press.
Doron, M. G., (2000), ‘The dead zone and the architecture of transgression’, City, Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action, 4(2), pp. 247–63.
Dow, M., (2004), American Gulag – Inside U.S. Immigration Prisons, London: University of California Press.
Downes, D., (2001), ‘The macho penal economy: mass incarceration in the United States – a European perspective’, in Garland, D. (ed.), Mass Imprisonment, London: Sage, pp. 51–69.
Downes, D., (2007), ‘Visions of penal control in the Netherlands’, in Tonry, M. (ed.), Crime, Punishment and Politics in Comparative Perspective, London: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 93–125.
Downes, D., (2012), ‘Political economy, welfare and punishment in comparative perspective’, in Snacken, S. and Dumortier, E., Resisting Punitiveness in Europe?, London: Routledge, pp. 23–34.
Downes, D. and Hansen, K., (2006), ‘Welfare and punishment in comparative perspective’, in Armstrong, S. and McAra, L., (eds.), Perspectives on Punishment, Oxford University Press, pp. 133–54.
Duff, R. A., (2003), Punishment, Communication, and Community, New York: Oxford University Press.
Duff, R. A., (2010), ‘A criminal law for citizens’, Theoretical Criminology, 14(3), pp. 293–309.
Dullum, J. and Ugelvik, T., (2012), ‘Exceptional prisons, exceptional societies’, in Ugelvik, T. and Dullum, J. (eds.), Penal Exceptionalism?, London: Routledge, pp. 1–10.
Duménil, G. and Lévy, D., (2004), Capital Resurgent: Roots of the Neoliberal Revolution, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Dumm, T., (1987), Democracy and Punishment: Disciplinary Origins of the United States, Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Duncan, G. A., (2000), ‘Urban pedagogies and the celling of adolescents of color’, Social Justice: A Journal of Crime Conflict and World Order, 27, pp. 29–42.
Durkheim, E., (1893/1933), The Division of Labour in Society, New York, NY: The Free Press.
Durkheim, E., (1933/1984), The Division of Labor in Society, transl. by W. D. Halls, New York, NY: Macmillan.
Edkins, J. and Pin-Fat, V., (2005), ‘Through the wire: relations of power and relations of violence,’ Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 34, pp. 1–26.
Egelko, B., (2012), ‘Bid to end death penalty headed to the ballot’, The San Francisco Chronicle, 2 March.
Ehrenreich, B., (2001), Nickel and Dimed: On (not) Getting by in America, New York, NY: Holt.
Ehrenreich, B. and Hochschild, A. R., (2002), Global Woman: Nannies, Maids, and Sex Workers in the New Economy, New York, NY: Holt.
Eigen, J., (1999), ‘Lesion of the will: medical resolve and criminal responsibility in Victorian insanity trials’, Law and Society Review, 33, pp. 425–59.
Elias, R., (1983), Victims of the System, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
Estreich, L., (2011), ‘Samuel Delany’s lumpen worlds and the problem of representing marginality’, in Bourke, A., Dafnos, T. and Kip, M. (eds.), Lumpencity: Discourses of Marginality, Marginalising Discourses, Ottawa: Red Quill Books.
European Commission, (2005), Placement and Treatment of Mentally Ill Offenders: Legislation and Practice in EU Member States, Mannheim, Germany: Central Institute of Mental Health.
Evans, L. and Goldberg, E., (1998), The Prison Industrial Complex and the Global Economy, Berkeley, CA: Kersplebedeb.
Feeley, M. and Rubin, E., (1999), Judicial Policy Making and the Modern State: How the Courts Reformed America’s Prisons, Cambridge University Press.
Feeley, M. and Simon, J., (1994), ‘Actuarial justice: the emerging new criminal law’, in Nelken, D. (ed.), The Futures of Criminology, London: Sage, pp. 173–201.
Ferguson, A. A., (2000), Bad Boys: Public Schools in the Making of Black Masculinity, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Ferree, M. M., (1987), ‘Equality and autonomy: feminist politics in the United States and West Germany’, in Katzenstein, M. F. and Mueller, C. M. (eds.), The Women’s Movements of the United States and Western Europe, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, pp. 172–95.
Ferrell, J., Hayward, K. and Young, J., (2008), Cultural Criminology: An Invitation, Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Festa, L., (2006), Sentimental Figures of Empire in Eighteenth-century Britain and France, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Fine, M. and McClelland, S., (2006), ‘Sexuality education and desire: still missing after all these years’, Harvard Educational Review, 76(3), pp. 297–338.
Fine, M.,
Boudin, K.,
Bowen, I.,
Clark, J.,
Hylton, D.,
Martinez, M. ‘Missy’,
Roberts, R.,
Smart, P.,
Torre, M. and
Upegu, D., (
2001),
Changing Minds: The Impact of College in Prison, available at:
www.changingminds.ws (accessed 1 January 2013).
Fink, B., (1995), The Lacanian Subject: Between Language and Jouissance, Princeton University Press.
Fitzgerald, M. and Sim, J., (1982), British Prisons, (2nd edn), Oxford: Blackwell.
Fligstein, N., (2001), The Architecture of Markets: An Economic Sociology of Twenty-First-Century Capitalist Societies, Princeton University Press.
Flynn, M., (2011), Immigration Detention and Proportionality, Global Detention Project Working Paper No. 4, Geneva: The Graduate Institute.
Foley, M. and Lennon, J., (2000), Dark Tourism: The Attraction of Death and Disaster, New York, NY: Continuum.
Foner, E., (2002), Radical Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877, New York, NY: Harper Perennial.
Foucault, M., (1967), Madness and Civilisation, London: Routledge.
Foucault, M., (1976), Mikrophysik der Macht, Berlin: Merve Verlag.
Foucault, M., (1977), Discipline and Punish, London, Harmondsworth: Penguin/Peregrine.
Frase, R. S., (2001), ‘Comparative perspectives in sentencing research’, in Tonry, M. and Frase, R. S., (eds.), Sentencing and Sanctions in Western Countries, Oxford University Press, pp. 259–92.
Fraser, N., (1997), Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the ‘Postsocialist’ Condition, New York, NY: Routledge.
Freiberg, A. and Carson, W. G., (2010), ‘The limits of evidence-based policy: evidence, emotion and criminal justice’, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 69, pp. 152–64.
Friere, P., (1992), Pedagogy of Hope: Reliving Pedagogy of the Oppressed, New Nork, NY: Continuum.
Frow, J., (1995), Cultural Studies and Cultural Value, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Gamble, A., (1988), The Free Market and the Strong State, London: Macmillan.
Gammeltoft-Hansen, T., (2011), Access to Asylum: International Refugee Law and the Globalisation of Migration Control, Cambridge University Press.
Gans, H. J., (1995), The War against the Poor, New York, NY: Basic Books.
Garland, D., (1985), Punishment and Welfare, Aldershot: Gower.
Garland, D., (1990), Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory, The University of Chicago Press.
Garland, D., (1995), ‘Penal modernism and postmodernism’, in Bloomberg, T. and Cohen, S. (eds.), Punishment and Social Control, New York, NY: Aldine De Gruyter, pp. 181–209.
Garland, D., (1996), ‘The limits of the sovereign state: strategies of crime control in contemporary society’, British Journal of Criminology, 36(4), pp. 445–67.
Garland, D., (2000), ‘The culture of high crime societies: some preconditions of recent “law and order” policies’, British Journal of Criminology, 40(3), pp. 347–75.
Garland, D., (2001a), ‘Epilogue: the new iron cage’, in Garland, D., (ed.), Mass Imprisonment: Causes and Consequences, London: Sage, pp. 179–81.
Garland, D. (ed.) (2001b), Mass Imprisonment: Causes and Consequences, London: Sage
Garland, D., (2001c), The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society, Oxford University Press.
Garland, D., (2001d), ‘The meaning of mass imprisonment’, in Garland, D., (ed.), Mass Imprisonment, London: Sage, pp. 1–3.
Garland, D., (2005a), ‘Capital punishment and American culture’, Punishment and Society, 7, pp. 347–76.
Garland, D., (2005b), ‘Penal excess and surplus meaning: public torture lynchings in twentieth-century America’, Law and Society Review, 39, pp. 793–834.
Garland, D., (2006), ‘Concepts of culture in the sociology of punishment’, Theoretical Criminology, 10, pp. 419–47.
Garland, D., (2010), Peculiar Institution, Oxford University Press.
Garland, D., (2012), ‘Punishment and social solidarity’, in Simon, J. and Sparks, R. (eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Punishment and Society, London: Sage, pp. 23–39.
Gartner, R., Doob, A. and Zimring, F., (2011), ‘The past as prologue? Decarceration in California then and now’, Criminology and Public Policy, 10(2), pp. 291–325.
Gelsthorpe, L., Sharpe, G. and Roberts, J., (2007), Provision for Women Offenders in the Community, London: Fawcett Society.
Geoghegan, R., Boyd, E. and Gibbs, B., (2011), Inside Job: Creating a Market for Real Work in Prison, London: Policy Exchange.
Gibney, M. (2008), ‘Asylum and the expansion of deportation in the United Kingdom’, Government and Opposition, 43(2), pp. 146–67.
Giddens, A., (1998), ‘Risk society: the context of British politics’, in Franklin, J., (ed.), The Politics of Risk Society, Cambridge and Malden, MA: Polity/IPPR, pp. 23–34.
Gill, N., (2009), ‘Governmental mobility: the power effects of the movement of detained asylum seekers around Britain’s detention estate’, Political Geography, 28(3): 186–96.
Gilliam, W., (
2005),
Prekindergarteners Left Behind: Expulsion Rates in State Prekindergarten Programs, FCD Brief Series No. 3, May, available at:
www.fcd-us.org/PDFs/ExpulsionFinalProof.pdf (accessed 1 January 2013).
Gilmore, K., (2000), ‘Slavery and prisons – understanding the connections’, Social Justice, 27(3), pp. 195–205.
Gilmore, R., (2007), The Golden Gulag, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Gilmore, J., Moore, J. M. and Scott, D. (eds.), (2013), Critique and Dissent, Ottawa: Red Quill.
Gilroy, P., (1987), There Ain’t No Black in the Union Jack, London: Routledge.
Glaze, L. E., (2011), Correctional Population in the United States, 2010, Washington, DC: Department of Justice.
Golash, D., (2005), The Case against Punishment, London: New York University Press.
Gómez-Jara Díez, C., (2008), ‘Enemy combatants versus enemy criminal law: an introduction to the European debate regarding enemy criminal law and its relevance to the Anglo-American discussion on the legal status of unlawful enemy combatants’, New Criminal Law Review, 11, pp. 529–62.
Gooman, N., (1978), Ways of Worldmaking, Indianapolis, IN: Hackett.
Gordon, P., (1983), White Law, London: Pluto Press.
Gornick, J., Burt, M. R. and Pittman, K. J., (1985), ‘Structure and activities of rape crisis centers in the early 1980s’, Crime and Delinquency, 31(2), pp. 247–68.
Gottschalk, M., (2000), The Shadow Welfare State: Labor, Business, and the Politics of Health Care in the United States, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Gottschalk, M., (2006), The Prison and the Gallows: The Politics of Mass Incarceration in America, Cambridge/New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Gottschalk, M., (2010), ‘Cells blocks and red ink: mass incarceration, the great recession and penal reform’, Daedalus, 139(3), pp. 62–73.
Gottschalk, M., (2011), ‘The Great Recession and the Great Confinement: the economic crisis ad the future of penal reform’, in Rosenfeld, R., Quinet, K. and Garcia, C., (eds.), Contemporary Issues in Criminological Theory and Research: The Role of Social Institutions, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Cengage, pp. 343–70.
Gottschalk, M., (2012a), ‘No way out? Life sentences and the politics of penal reform’, in Ogletree, C. J. Jr. and Sarat, A., (eds.), Life Without Parole: America’s New Death Penalty?, New York University Press, pp. 227–81.
Gottschalk, M., (2012b), ‘The carceral state and the politics of punishment’, in Simon, J. and Sparks, R. (eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Punishment and Society, London: Sage, pp. 205–41.
Gottschalk, M., (in press), Caught: Race, Neoliberalism, and the Future of the Carceral State and American Politics.
Gowers, E., (1956), A Life For a Life? The Problem of Capital Punishment, London: Chatto and Windus.
Grandquillot, D., (2009), RSA Revenu de solidarite´ active, Paris: Gualino Editeur.
Green, D., (2006), ‘Public opinion versus public judgment about crime: correction the “comedy of errors”’, British Journal of Criminology, 46, pp. 131–54.
Green, D., (2007), ‘Comparing penal cultures: child on child homicide in England and Norway’, in Tonry, M. (ed.), Crime, Punishment and Politics in Comparative Perspective, London: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 591–643.
Green, D., (2008), When Children Kill Children, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Greenberg, D., (1977), ‘The dynamics of oscillatory punishment processes’, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 68, pp. 643–51.
Greenberg, D., (1980), ‘Penal sanctions in Poland: a test of alternative models’, Social Problems, 28(2), pp. 194–204.
Greenberg, D., (1999), ‘Punishment, division of labour and social solidarity’, in Adler, F. and Laufer, W. S. (eds.), The Criminology of Criminal Law, Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, pp. 283–362.
Greenberg, J., (1977), Cases and Materials on Judicial Process and Social Change: Constitutional Litigation, St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co.
Greene, J. and
Mauer, M., (
2010),
Downscaling Prisons: Lessons from Four States, available at:
www.sentencingproject.org (accessed 29 October, 2012).
Greene, J.,
Pranis, K. and
Ziedenberg, J., (
2006),
Disparity by Design: How Drug-Free Zone Laws Impact Racial Disparity – And Fail to Protect Youth,
Washington, DC:
Justice Policy Institute, available at:
www.justicepolicy.org/reports/SchoolZonesReport306.pdf (accessed 1 January 2013).
Gregory, A., Skiba, R. and Noguera, P., (2010), ‘The achievement gap and the discipline gap: two sides of the same coin?’, Educational Researcher, 39(1), pp. 59–68.
Grewcock, M., (2009), Border Crimes: Australia’s War on Illicit Migrants, Sydney: Institute of Criminology Press.
Grover, C., (2008), Crime and Inequality, Cullompton: Willan.
Gustafson, K., (2011), Cheating Welfare: Public Assistance and the Criminalization of Poverty, New York University Press.
Gutman, A. and Thompson, D., (2004), Why Deliberative Democracy, Princeton University Press.
Habermas, J., (1981), The Theory of Communicative Action, Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Hall, S., (1988), The Hard Road to Renewal, London: Verso.
Hall, S., (2011), ‘The neoliberal revolution’, Soundings, 48, pp. 9–27.
Hall, P. A. and Soskice, D., (2001), Varieties of Capitalism, Oxford Univeristy Press.
Hall, S. and Scraton, P., (1981), ‘Law, class and control’, in Fitzgerald, M., McLennan, G. and Pawson, J., (compilers), Crime and Society, London: Routledge, pp. 385–416.
Hall, S., Critcher, C., Jefferson, T., Clark, J. and Roberts, B., (1978), Policing the Crisis, London: Macmillan.
Hallatt, D. (director), (2012), Punishment: A Failed Social Experiment, New Future Media.
Hallett, M., (2008), ‘Militarism and colonialism in the global punishment economy’, in Muraskin, R. and Roberts, A. R., Visions for Change: Crime and Justice in the 21st Century, (5th edn), New York, NY: Prentice Hall.
Hamm, T., (2001), Rebel and a Cause: Caryl Chessman and the Politics of the Death Penalty in Postwar California, 1948–1974. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Handler, J. F. and Hasenfeld, Y., (1991), The Moral Construction of Poverty: Welfare Reform in America, London: Sage.
Haney, L., (2004), ‘Introduction: gender, welfare and states of punishment’, Social Politics, 11(3), pp. 333–62.
Haney, L., (2010), Offending Women: Power, Punishment, and the Regulation of Desire, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Hannah-Moffat, K., (2002), ‘Creating choices: reflecting on choices’, in Carlen, P. (ed.), Women and Punishment: The Struggle for Justice, Cullompton: Willan, pp. 199–219.
Hannah-Moffat, K. and Lynch, M., (2012), ‘Special issue: theorizing punishment’s boundaries’, Theoretical Criminology, 16, pp. 119–21.
Harcourt, B., (2006), ‘From the asylum to the prison: rethinking the incarceration revolution’, Texas Law Review, 84, pp. 1752–86.
Harcourt, B., (2011), The Illusion of Free Markets, London: Harvard University Press.
Hardt, M. and Negri, A., (2000), Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Hare, R., (1991), The Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised, Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
Harper, E. and Symonds, S., (2009), ‘Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009: Ministerial Statements’, prepared for The Immigration Law Practitioners’ Association, London: ILPA.
Harris, N., (1997), The New Untouchables: Immigration and the New World Worker, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Harry, B. and Klingner, J. K., (2006), Why Are There So Many Minority Students in Special Education?: Understanding Race and Disability in Schools, New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Harvey, D., (2007), A Brief History of Neoliberalism, (2nd edn), Oxford University Press.
Hasenfeld, Y., (1972), ‘People processing organizations: an exchange approach’, American Sociological Review, 37(3), pp. 256–63.
Henderson, L. N., (1985), ‘The wrongs of victim’s rights’, Stanford Law Review, 37(4), pp. 937–1021.
Henrichson, C. and Delaney, R., (2012), The Price of Prisons: What Incarceration Costs Taxpayers, New York, NY: Vera Institute of Justice.
Herrnstein Smith, B., (1988), Contingencies of Value: Alternative Perspectives for Critical Theory, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Hewitt, D., Kim, C. and Losen, D., (2010), The School to Prison Pipeline: Structuring Legal Reform, New York University Press.
Hillyard, P., (1995), Suspect Community, London: Pluto Press.
Himmelstein, K. and Bruckner, H., (2011), ‘Criminal-justice and school sanctions against non-heterosexual youth: a national longitudinal study’, Pediatrics, 127(1), pp. 48–57.
HM Chief Inspector of Prisons, (2012a), Report on an Unannounced Full Follow-up Inspection of HMP Liverpool 8–16 December 2011, London: Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons.
HM Chief Inspector of Prisons, (2012b), Report on an Unannounced Full Follow-up Inspection of HMP Styal 5–15 July 2011, London: Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons.
HM Prison Service, (2006), Prison Service Order 4630: Immigration and Foreign Nationals in Prison, London: MoJ.
HM Prison Service, (2007), Prison Service Instruction 21/2007: Immigration and Foreign Nationals in Prison (Amended Version), London: MoJ.
HM Prison Service, (2008), Prison Service Order 4630: Immigration and Foreign Nationals in Prison, London: MoJ.
Home Office, (1960), Prisons and Borstals: Statement of Policy and Practice in the Administration of Prisons and Borstal Institutions in England and Wales, London: HMSO.
Home Office, (2012), Immigration Statistics October – December 2011, London: Home Office.
Hörnqvist, M., (2010), Risk, Power and the State: After Foucault, Abingdon: Routledge.
Howard, M., (1993), Speech to the Conservative Party Conference, citation transcribed from a recording compiled by Peter Hill and BBC News, Great Political Speeches (audio cassette).
Hudson, B. A., (1993), Penal Policy and Social Justice, London: Macmillan.
Hudson, B. A., (2003), Justice in the Risk Society, London: Sage.
Hudson, B. A., (2006), ‘Punishing monsters and judging aliens: justice at the borders of community’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 39(2), pp. 232–47.
Hudson, B. A., (2012), ‘Who needs justice? Who needs security?’, in Hudson, B. and Ugelvik, S. (eds.), Justice and Security in the Twenty-first Century, London: Routledge, pp. 6–23.
Hudson, R. and Williams, A. M., (2000), Divided Britain, (2nd edn), Paris: Mallard Éditions.
Hulsman, L., (1986), ‘Critical criminology and the concept of crime’, Contemporary Crises, 10, pp. 63–80.
Huxley, A., (1936), Eyeless in Gaza, London: Chatto and Windus.
Ignatieff, M., (1978), A Just Measure of Pain, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
INCITE! Women of Color Against Violence, (2006), Color of Violence: The Incite! Anthology, Boston, MA: South End Press.
Institute of Penitentiaries, (2012), The Spanish Prison System, Madrid: Institute of Penitentiaries.
Irvin, G., (2008), Super Rich, Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Irwin, J., (1980), Prisons in Turmoil, Boston, MA: Little, Brown.
Jacobs, J. B., (1979), ‘Race relations and the prisoner subculture’, in Morris, N. and Tonry, M. (eds.), Crime and Punishment: An Annual Review of Research, vol. 1, The University of Chicago Press, pp. 1–27.
Jacobs, J. B., (1980), ‘The prisoners’ rights movement and its impacts, 1960–80’, in Morris, N. and Tonry, M. (eds.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, vol. 2, The University of Chicago Press, pp. 429–70.
James, J. (ed.), (2003), Imprisoned Intellectuals: America’s Political Prisoners Write on Life, Liberation and Rebellion, Lanham, MD/Boulder, CO/New York, NY: Rowman and Littlefield.
James, A. and Raine, J., (1998), The New Politics of Criminal Justice, London: Longman.
Jankovic, I., (1977), ‘Labour market and imprisonment’, Crime and Social Justice, 8, pp. 17–31.
Janus, E., (2010), ‘The preventive state: when is prevention of harm harmful’, in Nash, M. and Williams, A., (eds.), Handbook of Public Protection, Cullompton: Willan, pp. 316–36.
Janus, E., Alexander, S. and Graf, L., (2012), M. v. Germany: The European Court of Human Rights Takes a Critical Look at Preventive Detention, Legal Studies Research Paper Series, Paper No. 2012–03, William Mitchell College of Law.
Jefferson, A. M., (2012),‘Comparisons at work: exporting exceptional norms’, in Ugelvik, T. and Dullum, J., (eds.), Penal Exceptionalism?, London: Routledge, pp. 100–17.
Jessop, B., (1990a), ‘Regulation theories in retrospect and prospect’, Economy and Society, 19(2), pp. 153–216.
Jessop, B., (1990b), State Theory, Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Jessop, B., (2002), The Future of The Capitalist State, Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Jessop, B., (2008), State Power, Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Jessop, R., (1994), ‘Post-Fordism and the state’, in Amin, A. (ed.), Post-Fordism: A Reader, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 251–79.
Johnson, N., (1990), Restructuring the Welfare State: A Decade of Change 1980–1990, Hemel Hempsted: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Johnstone, G., (2000), ‘Penal policy making: elitist, populist or participatory’, Punishment and Society, 2(2), pp. 161–80.
Jones, C. and Novak, T., (1999), Poverty, Welfare and the Disciplinary State, London/New York: Routledge.
Jones, T. and Newburn, T., (2006), Policy Transfer and Criminal Justice, Chichester: Open University Press.
Joseph Rowntree Foundation (JFR), (2001), Recruiting and Employing Offenders: The Impact of the Police Act, London: JRF.
Joseph Rowntree Foundation, (2012), Serving Deprived Communities in a Recession, York: JRF.
Kaba, M. and
Edwards, F., (
2012),
Policing Chicago Public Schools: A Gateway to the School-to-Prison Pipeline, available at:
http://policeincps.com.
Kane-Willis, K.,
Janichek, J. and
Clark, D., (
2006),
Intersecting Voices: Impacts of Illinois’ Drug Policies, The Institute for Metropolitan Affairs: The Illinois Consortium on Drug Policies, available at:
www.roosevelt.edu/ima/pdfs/intersectingVoices.pdf (accessed 1 January 2013).
Karstedt, S., (2002), ‘Emotions and criminal justice’, Theoretical Criminology, 6, pp. 299–317.
Karstedt, S. and Farrall, S., (2007), Law-Abiding Majority? The Everyday Crimes of the Middle Classes, London: Centre for Crime and Justice Studies.
Karstedt, S., Loader, I. and Strang, H., (2011), Emotions, Crime and Justice, Portland, OR: Hart Publishing.
Katz, M. B. and Stern, M. J., (2006), One Nation Divisible: What America Was and What It Is Becoming, New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
Kaufman, E., (2012a), ‘Finding foreigners: race and the politics of memory in British prisons’, Population, Space and Place, 18(6), pp. 701–14.
Kaufman, E., (2012b), Foreign Bodies: The Prison’s Place in a Global World, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oxford.
Kaufman, E. (in press). ‘Hubs and spokes: the transformation of the British prison’, in Aas, K. and Bosworth, M. (eds.), Migration and Punishment: Citizenship, Crime Control, and Social Exclusion, Oxford University Press.
Kelly, E. L., (2012), ‘Philly stands up: inside the politics and poetics of transformative justice and community accountability in sexual assault situations’, Social Justice, 37(4), pp. 44–58.
Kendal, K., (2002), ‘Time to think again about cognitive behavioural programmes’, in Carlen, P. (ed.), Women and Punishment, Cullompton: Willan, pp. 182–98.
Kim, M., (2012), ‘Moving beyond critique: creative interventions and reconstructions of community accountability’, Social Justice, 37(4), pp. 14–36.
King, D. S., (1998), ‘A strong or weak state? Race and the US federal government in the 1920s’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 21(1), pp. 21–47.
King, D. S., (1995), Separate and Unequal: Black Americans and the U.S. Federal Government, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Knight, E. (ed.), (1970), Black Voices from Prison, New York, NY: Pathfinder Press.
Knopp, F. H., (1976), Instead of Prisons: A Handbook for Abolitionists, Prison Research Education Action Project, Brooklyn, NY: Faculty Press.
Koch, M., (2006), Roads to Post-Fordism: Labour Markets and Social Structures in Europe, Aldershot: Ashgate.
Kocka, J., (1981), ‘Class formation, interest articulation, and public policy: the origins of the German white-collar class in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries’, in Berger, S. (ed.), Organizing Interests in Western Europe, Cambridge University Press, pp. 63–82.
Kocka, J., (2004), ‘The middle classes in Europe’, in Kaelble, H. (ed.), The European Way: European Societies in the 19th and 20th Centuries, Oxford: Berghahn.
Kohn, M. and McBride, K., (2011), Political Theories of Decolonization: Postcolonialism and the Problem of Foundations, Oxford University Press.
Kosciw, J. G. and Diaz, E. D., (2009), Shared Differences: The Experience of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered Students of Color in Our Nation’s Schools, New York, NY: GLSEN.
Krasmann, S., (2007), ‘The enemy on the border: critique of a programme in favour of a preventive state’, Punishment and Society, 9, pp. 301–18.
Kumashiro, K., (2012), Bad Teacher!, New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
KVS, (2000), Kriminella gängbildningar: en pilotundersökning om gängbildningar vid landets anstalter, Norrköping: Kriminalvårdsstyrelsen.
KVS, (2002), Intagna som kräver extra resurser avseende säkerhet och omhändertagande, Norrköping: Kriminalvårdsstyrelsen.
KVV, (2000), Reasoning and Rehabilitation (reviderad upplaga). Utdrag ur Handbok för undervisning i Cognitive Skills, Norrköping: Kriminalvårdsverket/T3 Associates Training and Consulting Inc.
Lacan, J., (1992), The Seminar of Jacques Lacan. Book VII, The Ethics of Psychoanalysis: 1959–1960, London: Routledge.
Lacan, J., (1999), The Seminar of Jacques Lacan. Book XX, On Femine Sexuality, the Limits of Love and Knowledge: Encore 1972–1973, New York/London: W. W. Norton.
Lacey, N., (2008), The Prisoner’s Dilemma, Cambridge University Press.
Lacey, N., (2011), ‘Why globalisation doesn’t spell convergence: models of institutional variation and the comparative political economy of punishment’, in Crawford, A. (ed.), International and Comparative Criminal Justice and Urban Governance, Cambridge University Press, pp. 214–50.
Lamont, M., (2000), The Dignity of Working Men: Morality and the Boundaries of Race, Class, and Immigration, New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
Lappi-Seppala, T., (2007), ‘Penal policy in Scandinavia’, in Tonry, M. (ed.), Crime, Punishment and Politics in Comparative Perspective, London: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 217–95.
Lappi-Seppala, T., (2012), ‘Explaining national differences in the use of imprisonment’, in Snacken, S. and Dumortier, E., Resisting Punitiveness in Europe?, London: Routledge, pp. 35–72.
Lawler, S., (2005), ‘Disgusted subjects: the making of middle-class identities’, Sociological Review, 53(3), pp. 429–46.
Leerkes, A. and Broeders, D., (2010), ‘A case of mixed motives? Formal and information functions of administrative immigration detention’, British Journal of Criminology, 50, pp. 830–50.
Levy, J. D. (ed.), (2006), The State after Statism: New State Activities in the Age of Liberalizatio, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Leys, C., (2003), Market-Driven Politics: Neoliberal Democracy and the Public Interest, (2nd edn), London/New York, NY: Verso.
Lichtenstein, A., (1996), Twice the Work of Free Labor: The Political Economy of Convict Labor in the New South, London: Verso.
Lijphart, A., (1999), Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-six Countries, Yale University Press.
Lilly, R. and Knepper, P., (1993), ‘The corrections-commercial complex’, Crime and Delinquency, 42(1), pp. 150–66.
Lipman, P., (2011), The New Political Economy of Urban Education: Neoliberalism, Race, and the Right to the City, New York, NY: Routledge/Falmer.
Liverpool City Council, (2009), The Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2007, Liverpool City Council.
Liverpool City Council, (2012), Liverpool Homelessness Review 2011, Liverpool City Council.
Liverpool City Region, (2012), Child Poverty and Life Chances Strategy 2011–2014, Liverpool, Liverpool City Region.
Loader, I. and Sparks, R., (2012), ‘Beyond lamentation: towards a democratic egalitarian politics of crime and justice’, in Newburn, T. and Peay, J. (eds.), Policing: Politics, Culture and Control, Oxford: Hart Publishing, pp. 11–41.
Lochner, L. and Moretti, E., (2004), ‘The effect of education on crime: evidence from prison inmates, arrests, and self-reports’, American Economic Review, 94(1), pp. 155–89.
Lockwood, D., (1995), ‘Marking out the middle class(es)’, in Butler, T. and Savage, M. (eds.), Social Change and the Middle Classes, University College London Press.
Loh, W. D., (1981), ‘Q: what has reform of rape legislation wrought? A: truth in criminal labeling’, Journal of Social Issues, 37(4), pp. 28–51.
López, N., (2003), Hopeful Girls, Troubled Boys: Race and Gender Disparity in Urban Education, New York, NY: Routledge.
Lorde, A., (1984), Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches, New York, NY: The Crossing Press.
Losen, D. J. and Orfield, G. (eds.), (2002), Racial Inequality in Special Education, Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.
Lynch, M., (2009), Sunbelt Justice: Arizona and the Transformation of American Punishment, Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
Lynch, J. P. and Simon, R., (2003), Immigration the World Over: Statutes, Policies, and Practices, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Madriz, E. I., (1997), ‘Images of criminals and victims: a study on women’s fear and social control’, Gender and Society, 11(3), pp. 342–56.
Maguire, M. and Pointing, J., (1988), ‘Introduction: the rediscovery of the crime victim’, in Maguire, M. and Pointing, J. (eds.), Victims of Crime: A New Deal?, Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Makaremi, C., (
2009),
On Technologies of Control of Foreigners, Border Control in Europe, available at:
www.libertysecurity.org (accessed 1 January 2013).
MalcolmX, (1997), The Autobiography of Malcolm X, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Manza, J. and Uggen, C., (2006), Locked Out: Felon Disenfranchisement and American Democracy, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Marazzi, C., (2011), Capital and Affects: The Politics of the Language Economy. New York, NY: Semiotext(e).
Marshall, I. H. (ed.), (1997), Minorities, Migrants, and Crime. London: Sage.
Martinez, R. and Valenzuela, A. (eds.), (2006), Immigration and Crime. Race, Ethnicity, and Violence, New York University Press.
Marvasti, B. A., (2003), Being Homeless: Textual and Narrative Constructions, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Marx, K., (1859/1961), ‘Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy’, in Bottomore, T. B. and Rubel, M. (eds.), Karl Marx: Selected Writings in Sociology and Social Philosophy, Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp. 67–9.
Marx, K., (1867/1976), Capital, vol. 1, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Marx, K., (1963), The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, New York, NY: International Publishers.
Mary, P. and Nagels, J., (2012), ‘Penalisation and social policies’, in Snacken, S. and Dumortier, E., Resisting Punitiveness in Europe?, London: Routledge, pp. 86–103.
Mathiesen, T., (1974), The Politics of Abolition, London: Martin Robertson.
Mathiesen, T., (1980), Law, Society and Political Action, London: Academic Press.
Mathiesen, T., (1986), ‘The politics of abolition’, in Contemporary Crises, 10, pp. 81–94.
Mathiesen, T., (1990), Prison on Trial, London: Sage.
Mathiesen, T., (2000), Prison on Trial, (2nd edn), Winchester: Waterside Press.
Mathiesen, T., (2001), ‘Television, public space and prison population’, in Garland, D. (ed.), Mass Imprisonment, London: Sage, pp. 28–34.
Mathiesen, T., (2004), Silently Silenced: Essays on the Creation of Acquiescence in Modern Society, Winchester: Waterside Press.
Mathiesen, T., (2006), Prison on Trial, (3rd edn), Winchester: Waterside Press.
Mathiesen, T., (2011), ‘Fra “nothing works” til “what works?” – hvor stor er forskjellen?’ (‘From “nothing works” to “what works” – how great is the difference?’), in Mathiesen, T., Kritisk sosiologi – en invitasjon (Critical Sociology – An Invitation), Novus Publishers, pp. 239–55.
Mathiesen, T., (2012), ‘Scandinavian exceptionalism in penal matters: reality or wishful thinking?’, in Ugelvik, T. and Dullum, J. (eds.), Penal Exceptionalism?, London: Routledge, pp. 13–37.
Mathiesen, T., (in press), Towards a Surveillant State: The Rise of Surveillance Systems in Europe, Winchester, Waterside Press.
Mathiesen, T. and Hjemdal, O. K., (2011), ‘A new look at victim and offender – an abolitionist approach’, in Bosworth, M. and Hoyle, C. (eds.), What is Criminology?, Oxford University Press, pp. 223–34.
Matthews, N. A., (1994), Confronting Rape: The Feminist Anti-Rape Movement and the State, New York, NY/London: Routledge.
Mauer. M., (1999), Race to Incarcerate, New York, NY: New Press.
Mauer, M., (2002), ‘Mass imprisonment and the disappearing voters’, in Mauer, M. and Chesney-Lynd, M. (eds.), Invisible Punishment: The Collateral Consequences of Mass Imprisonment, New York, NY: The New Press, pp. 50–8.
Mauer, M., (2006), Race to Incarcerate, (2nd edn), New York, NY: The New Press.
Mauer, M. and Chesney-Lynd, M. (eds.), (2002), Invisible Punishment: The Collateral Consequences of Mass Imprisonment, New York, NY: The New Press.
Maurin, L. and Savidan, P., (2008), L’Etat des ine´galite´s en France. Donne´es et analyses, Paris: Belin.
Mawby, R. I. and Gill, M. L., (1987), Crime Victims: Needs, Services and the Voluntary Sector, London: Tavistock.
May, T., (2002), Speech to the Conservative Party Conference, 7 October.
McBride, K., (2005), Collective Dreams: Political Imagination and Community, University Park, PA: Penn State University Press.
McBride, K., (2007), Punishment and Political Order, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
McConville, S., (1981), A History of English Prison Administration. Volume I: 1750–1877, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
McDermott, T. E. III., (1975), ‘California rape evidence reform: an analysis of Senate Bill 1678’, Hastings Law Journal, 26, pp. 1551–73.
McDonald, F. (ed.), (
2009),
Immigration, Crime and Justice,
Bingley:
Emerald Publishing.
McNally, J., (2003), ‘Black over-representation in special education not confined to segregation states’, Rethinking Schools Online, 17(3).
McSherry, B. and Keyzer, P., (2009), Sex Offenders and Preventive Detention: Politics, Policy and Practice. Annandale, NSW: The Federation Press.
Mehta, A., (2008), ‘Fit for purpose: OASys assessments and parole decisions, a practitioner’s view’, Probation Journal, 55(2), pp. 189–94.
Meiners, E., (2007), Right to be Hostile: Schools, Prisons and the Making of Public Enemies, New York, NY: Routledge.
Mele, C. and Miller, T., (2005), Civil Penalties, Social Consequences, New York, NY: Routledge.
Melossi, D., (1993), ‘Gazette of morality and social whip: punishment, hegemony, and the case of the U.S., 1970–1992’, Social and Legal Studies, 2, pp. 259–79.
Melossi, D., (2003), ‘In a peaceful life: migration and the crime of modernity in Europe/Italy’, Punishment and Society, 5(4), pp. 371–97.
Melossi, D., (2008), Controlling Crime, Controlling Society, Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Melossi, D., (2011), ‘Neo-liberalism’s elective affinities: penality, political economy and international relations’, in Melossi, D., Sozzo, M. and Sparks, R. (eds.), Travels of the Criminal Question, Oxford: Hart Publishing, pp. 45–64.
Melossi, D. and Pavarini, M., (1981), The Prison and The Factory, London: Macmillan.
Meranze, M., (1996), Laboratories of Virtue: Punishment, Revolution, and Authority in Philadelphia, 1760–1835, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Merkel, G., (2011), ‘Case note – retrospective preventive detention in Germany: a comment on the ECHR decision Haidn v. Germany of 13 January 2011’, German Law Journal, 12, pp. 968–77.
MigrEurope, (2010), European Borders: Controls, Detention and Deportations, Paris: MigrEurope.
Miller, L., (2008), The Perils of Federalism: Race, Poverty and the Politics of Crime Control, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Ministry of Justice (MoJ), (2007a), Letter from Maria Eagle, MP, to Mr. John Shine, Chair of the Independent Monitoring Board, 20 September.
Ministry of Justice, (2007b), ‘Not Locked Up but Subject to Rules’: An Inquiry into Managing Offenders in Approved Premises (Hostels), following the Panorama Programme Broadcast on 8 November 2006, London: MoJ.
Ministry of Justice, (2007c), Story of the Prison Population: 1995–2007, London: MoJ.
Ministry of Justice, (2011), Prison Population Projections 2011–2017, London: MoJ.
Ministry of Justice, (2012b), What are Approved Premises?, London: MoJ.
Ministry of Justice (MoJ) and UK Border Agency (UKBA), (
2009),
Service Level Agreement to Support the Effective and Speedy Removal of Foreign National Prisoners, available at:
http://www.irr.org.uk/pdf2/FNP_SLA.pdf (accessed 1 January 2013).
Minow, M., (1998), ‘Between vengeance and forgiveness: feminist responses to violent injustice’, New England Law Review, 32(4), pp. 367–81.
Mladek, K., (2004), ‘The psychic life of punishment (Kant, Nietzsche, Freud)’, Punishment, Politics, and Culture, 30, pp. 211–45.
Monahan, T., (2010), Surveillance in the Time of Insecurity, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Moore, J. and Scott, D., (2012), ‘It’s not just about the profits: privatisation, social enterprise and the “John Lewis” prison’, Criminal Justice Matters, 87(1), pp. 42–3.
Morris, L., (1994), Dangerous Class: The Underclass and Social Citizenship, New York, NY: Routledge.
Morris, R., (1998), Penal Abolition, the Practical Choice: A Practical Manual on Penal Abolition, Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press.
Mountz, A., (2010), Seeking Asylum: Human Smuggling and Bureaucracy at the Border, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Murray, C., (1990), The Emerging British Underclass, Choice in Welfare Series No. 2, London: Institute of Economic Affairs.
Murray, C., (1997), Does Prison Work?London: Institute of Economic Affairs.
Musterd, S., Murie, A. and Kesteloot, C., (2006), Neighbourhoods of Poverty: Urban Social Exclusion and Integration in Comparison, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Naipaul, V. S., (1964), An Area of Darkness, London: The Reprint Society.
National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement, (1931), Report on Crime and the Foreign Born, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
National Inquiry into Children in Immigration Detention, (2004), Report, Canberra: Australian Human Rights Commission.
Neumann, C. B., (2012), ‘Imprisoning the soul’, in Ugelvik, T. and Dullum, J., (eds.), Penal Exceptionalism?London: Routledge, pp. 139–55.
Newburn, T., (2007), ‘“Tough on crime”: penal policy in England and Wales’, in Tonry, M., (ed.), Crime, Punishment and Politics in Comparative Perspective, London: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 425–70.
Nietzsche, F., (1986), Human, All Too Human, Cambridge University Press.
Nietzsche, F., (1989), On the Genealogy of Morals, New York, NY: Random House.
Nietzsche, F., (2011), Zur Genealogie der Moral, Hamburg: Tredition.
Novak, T., (1984), Poverty and Inequality, London: Pluto Press.
Nyers, P., (2009), Securitizations of Citizenship, New York, NY: Routledge.
Oakes, J., (1985), Keeping Track: How Schools Structure Inequality, Birmingham, NY: Vail-Ballou Press.
Ogden, S., (2005), ‘The prison-industrial complex in indigenous California’, in Sudbury, J. (ed.), Global Lockdown: Race, Gender and the Prison-Industrial Complex, London/New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 57–66.
Ogletree, C. Jr. and Sarat, A. (eds.), (2012), Life Without Parole: America’s New Death Penalty, New York University Press.
Okazawa-Rey, M. and Kirk, G., (2000), ‘Maximum security’, Social Justice, 27(3), pp. 120–32.
O’Neill, W. L., (1969), Everyone was Brave: The Rise and Fall of Feminism in America, Chicago, IL: Quadrangle.
Packer, H., (1968), The Limits of the Criminal Sanction, Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
Padfield, N., (2012), ‘Recalling conditionally released prisoners in England and Wales’, European Journal of Probation, 4(1), pp. 34–45.
Padfield, N. and Maruna, S., (2006), ‘The revolving door at the prison gate: exploring the dramatic increase in recalls to prison’, Criminology and Criminal Justice, 6(3), pp. 329–52.
Page, J., (2011), The Toughest Beat: Politics, Punishment and the Prison Officers Union in California, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Palidda, S., (ed.), (2009), Criminalisation and Victimisation of Migrants in Europe, Genoa: CRIMPREV.
Palidda, S. (ed.), (2011), The Racial Criminalization of Migrants in the 21st Century, Aldershot: Ashgate.
Pallas, J. and Barber, R., (1972), ‘From riot to revolution’, Issues in Criminology, 7(2), pp. 1–19.
Pallasch, A., (2009), ‘Prisons not the answer to crime problems: Attorney General’, Chicago Sun-Times, 3 August.
Pashukanis, E. B., (1924/1978), General Theory of Law and Marxism: A General Theory, London: Ink Links.
Pease, K., (1994), ‘Cross national imprisonment rates: limitations of method and possible conclusions’, British Journal of Criminology, 34, pp. 116–30.
Perkinson, R., (2010), Texas Tough: The Rise of America’s Prison Empire, New York, NY: Metropolitan.
Petersilia, J., (2003), When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Petit, B. and Western, B., (2004), ‘Mass imprisonment and the life course: race and class inequality in US incarceration’, American Sociological Review, 69(2), pp. 151–69.
Pew Center for Research on the States, Public Safety Performance Project, (2012), Time Served: The High Cost, Low Return of Longer Prison Terms, Washington DC: The Pew Charitable Trust.
Pew Center on the States, (2010), Prison Count 2010, March, Washington, DC: Pew Center on the States.
Piven, F. F., (2010), ‘A response to Wacquant’, Theoretical Criminology, 14, pp. 111–16.
Piven, F. F. and Cloward, R. A., (1971/1993), Regulating the Poor: The Functions of Public Welfare, New York, NY: Vintage.
Player, E., (2007), ‘Remanding women in custody’, Modern Law Review, 70(3), pp. 402–26.
Poulantzas, N., (1975), Classes in Contemporary Capitalism, London: New Left Books.
Poulantzas, N., (1978), State, Power, Socialism, London: Verso.
Pratt, A., (2006), Securing Borders: Detention and Deportation in Canada, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
Pratt, J., (1998), ‘Toward the decivilising of punishment?’, Social and Legal Studies, 7(4), pp. 487–515.
Pratt, J., (2000), ‘Civilization and punishment’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 33, pp. 183–201.
Pratt, J., (2002), Punishment and Civilization: Penal Tolerance and Intolerance in Modern Society, London: Sage.
Pratt, J., (2007), Punitive Populism, London: Routledge.
Pratt, J., (2008a), ‘Scandinavian exceptionalism in an era of penal excess. Part I: the nature and origins of Scandinavian exceptionalism’, British Journal of Criminology, 48(2), pp. 119–37.
Pratt, J., (2008b), ‘Scandinavian exceptionalism in an era of penal excess. Part II: does Scandinavian exceptionalism have a future?’, British Journal of Criminology, 48(3), pp. 275–92.
Pratt, J., (2011), ‘Penal excess and penal exceptionalism: welfare and imprisonment in Anglophone and Scandinavian societies’, in Crawford, A. (ed.), International and Comparative Criminal Justice and Urban Governance, Cambridge University Press, pp. 251–75.
Pratt, J. and Eriksson, A., (2012), ‘In defence of Scandinavian exceptionalism’, in Ugelvik, T. and Dullum, J. (eds.), Penal Exceptionalism?, London: Routledge, pp. 235–60.
Prichard, J. C., (1835), A Treatise on Insanity and Other Disorders Affecting the Mind, London: Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper.
Putnam, R., (1993), Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princeton University Press.
Putnam, R., (2000), Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
Quadagno, J., (1995), The Color of Welfare, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
QuinnT. and Meiners, E., (2009), Flaunt It! Queers Organizing for Public Education and Justice, New York, NY: Peter Lang.
Rabinow, P., (1984), ‘Introduction’, in Rabinow, P. (ed.), The Foucault Reader, Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp. 3–30.
Rafter, N., (2006), Shots in the Mirror: Crime Films and Society, (2nd edn), New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Rafter, N., and Brown, M., (2011), Criminology Goes to the Movies: Crime Theory and Popular Culture, New York University Press.
Ranulf, S., (1938), Moral Indignation and Middle Class Psychology, Copenhagen: Levin and Munksgaard.
Reid, K. and Knight, M., (2006), ‘Disability for justification of exclusion of minorities: a critical history grounded in disability studies’, Educational Researcher, 35(6), pp. 18–24.
Reiner, R., (2007), Law and Order: An Honest Citizen’s Guide to Crime and Control, Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Rhodes, L. A., (2004), Total Confinement: Madness and Reason in the Maximum Security Prison, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Richie, B., (2012), Arrested Justice: Black Women, Violence and America’s Prison Nation, New York University Press.
Riddell, W., (1923), ‘The slave in Upper Canada’, Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, 14, pp. 249–78.
Rios, V., (2011), Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys, New York University Press.
Robbins, C., (2008), Expelling Hope: The Assault on Youth and the Militarization of Schooling, New York, NY: State University of New York Press.
Roberts, D., (1997), Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty. New York, NY: Vintage Books.
Roberts, J. V. and Hough, M., (2005), Understanding Public Attitudes to Criminal Justice, Buckingham: Open University Press.
Rock, P., (1990), Helping Victims of Crime: The Home Office and the Rise of Victim Support in England and Wales, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Rodriguez, D., (2006), Forced Passages: Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Rojek, C., (1993), Ways of Escape: Modern Transformations in Leisure and Travel, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Rose, G., (2000), Visual Methodologies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Rose, G., (2007), Visual Methodologies, (2nd edn), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Rose, N., (1999), Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Rosenberg, S., (2011), An American Radical: A Political Prisoner in My Own Country, New York, NY: Citadel.
Ross, L., (1998), Inventing the Savage: The Social Construction of Native American Criminality, Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Rothman, D., (1971), Discovery of the Asylum: Social Order and Disorder in the New Republic, New York, NY: Little, Brown.
Ruggiero, V., (2000), Crime and Markets: Essays in Anti-Criminology, Oxford University Press.
Ruggiero, V., Ryan, M., and Sim, J. (eds.), (1996), Western European Penal Systems, London: Sage.
Rusche, G., (1930/1980), ‘Prison revolts or social policy: lessons from America’, Social Justice, 13, pp. 41–4.
Rusche, G., (1933/1978), ‘Labor market and penal sanction: thoughts on the sociology of punishment’, Social Justice, 10, pp. 2–8.
Rusche, G. and Kirchheimer, O., (1939/2003), Punishment and Social Structure, London: Transaction Publishers.
Ryan, M., (1978), The Acceptable Pressure Group: Inequality in the Penal Lobby – A Case Study of the Howard League and RAP, Farnborough: Saxon House.
Salah-El, T. A., (2001), ‘A call for the abolition of prisons’, reprinted in James, J. (ed.), (2005), The New Abolitionists: (Neo)Slave Narratives and Contemporary Prison Writings, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, pp. 69–74.
Saltman, K. and Gabbard, D. (eds.), (2003), Education as Enforcement: The Militarization and Corporatization of Schools, New York, NY: Routledge/Falmer.
Sampson, R. J., (2008), ‘Rethinking crime and immigration’, Contexts, 7(1), pp. 28–33.
Sampson, R. J. and Loeffler, C., (2010), ‘Punishment’s place: the local concentration of mass incarceration’, Daedalus, Summer, pp. 20–31.
Sander, T. H. and Putnam, R. D., (2010), ‘Still bowling alone? The post-9/11 split’, Journal of Democracy, 21(1), pp. 9–16.
Sarabi, B. and Bender, E., (2000), Prison Payoff: The Role of Politics and Private Prisons in the Incarceration Boom, Portland, OR: Western Prison Project.
Sarat, A., (2000), ‘Imagining the law of the father: loss, dread, and mourning in The Sweet Hereafter’, Law and Society Review, 34, pp. 3–46.
Sarat, A., (2001), When the State Kills: Capital Punishment and the American Condition, Princeton University Press.
Sarat, A. and Kearns, T., (1993), ‘A journey through forgetting: toward a jurisprudence of violence’, in Sarat, A. and Kearns, T. (eds.), The Fate of Law, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Savage, M., (2000), Class Analysis and Social Transformation, Buckingham: Open University Press.
Savage, M., Barlow, J., Dickens, P. and Fielding, T., (1992), Property, Bureaucracy and Culture: Middle-Class Formation in Contemporary Britain, London: Routledge.
Savelsberg, J., (1994), ‘Knowledge, domination and criminal punishment’, American Journal of Sociology, 99(4), pp. 911–43.
Sayer, A., (2001), ‘For a critical cultural political economy’, Antipode, 33(4), pp. 687–708.
Schaffner, L., (2002), ‘An age of reason: paradoxes in the US legal constructions of adulthood’, International Journal of Children’s Rights, 10, pp. 201–32.
Schmitt, F. E. and Martin, P. Y., (1999), ‘Unobtrusive mobilization by an institutionalized rape crisis center: “all we do comes from victims”’, Gender and Society, 13(3), pp. 364–84.
Schoenfeld, H., (2009), ‘The politics of prison growth: from chain gangs to work release centers and supermax prisons, Florida, 1955–2000’, Ph.D dissertation, Northwestern University.
Schoenfeld, H., (2010), ‘Mass incarceration and the paradox of prison conditions litigation’, Law & Society Review, 44, pp. 731–68.
Schor, J., (1992), The Overworked American, New York, NY: Basic Books.
Scott, D., (1996/2011), Heavenly Confinement?, London: Lambert Academic Press.
Scott, D., (2008), Penology, London/Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Scott, D., (2009), ‘Punishment’, in Hucklesby, A. and Wahidin, A. (eds.), Criminal Justice, Oxford University Press, pp. 83–102.
Scott, D., (in press (a)), The Caretakers of Punishment, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Scott, D., (in press (b)), ‘The politics of prisoner legal rights’, Howard Journal of Criminal Justice.
Scott, D., (in press (c)), ‘Visualising an abolitionist real utopia: principles, policy and praxis’, in Malloch, M. and Munro, W. (eds.), Crime, Critique and Utopia, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Scott, D. and Codd, H., (2010), Controversial Issues in Prisons, Buckingham: Open University Press.
Scraton, P. and Chadwick, K., (1991), ‘Challenging new orthodoxies: the theoretical and political priorities of critical criminology’, in Stenson, K. and Cowell, D. (eds.), The Politics of Crime Control, London: Sage, pp. 161–87.
Scraton, P., Sim, J. and Skidmore, P., (1991), Prisons under Protest, Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Scull, A., (1993), The Most Solitary of Afflictions, London: Yale University Press.
Scull, A., (2006), ‘Power, social control and psychiatry: some critical reflections’, in Armstrong, S. and McAra, L. (eds.), Perspectives on Punishment, Oxford University Press, pp. 197–216.
Seaton, A. V., (1999), ‘War and thanatourism: Waterloo 1815–1914’, Annals of Tourism Research, 26, pp. 130–58.
Sellin, T., (1938), Culture Conflict and Crime, New York, NY: Social Science Research Council.
Senate Joint Select Committee on Australia’s Immigration Detention Network, (2012), Final Report, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
Sennett, R., (1998), The Corrosion of Character. The Personal Consequences of Work in the New Capitalism, New York, NY: Norton.
Seymour, M. and Costello, L., (2005), A Study of the Number, Profile and Progression Routes of Homeless Persons before the Court and in Custody, report commissioned by the Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform, Dublin: PWS.
Shakur, A., Buck, M. and Whitehorn, L., (1998), Sparks Fly: Women Political Prisoners and Prisoners of War, Oakland, CA: Regent Press.
Sharff-Smith, P., (2012), ‘A critical look at Scandinavian exceptionalism’, in Ugelvik, T. and Dullum, J. (eds.), Penal Exceptionalism?, London: Routledge, pp. 38–57.
Sharpley, R. and Stone, P., (2009), The Darker Side of Travel: The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism, Bristol: Channel View Publications.
Shipler, D. K., (2004), The Working Poor: Invisible in America, New York, NY: Vintage.
Sieh, E. W., (1989), ‘Less eligibility: the upper limits of penal policy’, Criminal Justice Policy Review, 3(2), pp. 159–83.
Sim. J., (1990), Medical Power in Prison, Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Sim, J., (1994), ‘Tougher than the rest’, in Newburn, T. and Stanko, E. (eds.), Just Boys Doing Business, London: Routledge, pp. 100–17.
Sim, J., (2004), ‘Thinking about imprisonment’, in Muncie, J. and Wilson, D. (eds.), Student Handbook of Criminal Justice and Criminology, London: Cavendish, pp. 249–64.
Sim, J., (2005), ‘At the centre of the new professional gaze: women, medicine and confinement’, in Chan, W., Chunn, D. and Menzies, R. (eds.), Women, Madness and the Law, London: Glasshouse, pp. 211–26.
Sim, J., (2009), Punishment and Prisons: Power and the Carceral State, London: Sage.
Sim, J., Scraton, P. and Gordon, P., (1987), ‘Crime, the state and critical analysis’, in Scraton, P. (ed.), Law, Order and the Authoritarian State, Milton Keynes: Open University Press, pp. 1–70.
Simkins, S., Hirsh, A., Horvat, E. and Moss, M., (2004), ‘The school to prison pipeline for girls: the role of physical and sexual abuse’, Children’s Legal Rights Journal, 24(4), pp. 56–72.
Simmons, L., (2009), ‘End of the line: tracing racial inequality from school to prison’, Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Perspectives, 2(2), pp. 215–41.
Simon, J., (1987), ‘The emergence of a risk society: insurance, law and the state’, Socialist Review, 95, pp. 61–89.
Simon, J., (1998), ‘Refugees in a carceral age: the rebirth of immigration prisons in the United States’, Public Culture, 10(3), pp. 577–607.
Simon, J., (2001), ‘Fear and loathing in late modernity reflections on the cultural sources of mass imprisonment in the United States’, in Garland, D. (ed.), Mass Imprisonment: Social Causes and Consequences, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 15–27.
Simon, J., (2007), Governing Through Crime, New York, NY/London: Oxford University Press.
Simon, J., (2010), ‘Beyond the panopticon: mass imprisonment and the humanities’, Law, Culture and the Humanities, 6, pp. 327–40.
Sista II Sista, (2006), ‘Sistas makin’ moves: collective leadership for personal transformation and social justice’, in INCITE! Women of Color Against Violence (eds.), Color of Violence: The Incite! Anthology, Boston, MA: South End Press.
Sivanandan, A., (2001), ‘Poverty is the new black’, Race and Class, 43(2), pp. 1–6.
Skeggs, B., (2004), Class, Self, Culture, London: Routledge.
Skiba, R. J. and Knesting, K., (2002), ‘Zero tolerance, zero evidence: an analysis of school disciplinary practice’, in Skiba, R. J. and Noam, G. G. (eds.), New Directions for Youth Development. 92: Zero Tolerance: Can Suspension and Expulsion Keep Schools Safe?, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Skiba, R. J., Michael, R. S., Nardo, A. C. and Peterson, R. L., (2002), ‘The color of discipline: sources of racial and gender disproportionality in school punishment’, The Urban Review, 34(2), pp. 317–42.
Skocpol, T., (2002), Diminished Democracy: From Membership to Management in American Civic Life, Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
Skolnick, J. H., (1969), The Politics of Protest, New York, NY: Ballantine Books.
Smith, A., (2001), ‘The color of violence: violence against women of color’, Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism, 1(2), pp. 65–72.
Smith, A., (2005), Conquest: Sexual Violence and American Indian Genocide, Boston, MA: South End Press.
Smith, C., (2009), The Prison and the American Imagination, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Smith, D., (1990), Texts, Facts, and Femininity: Exploring the Relations of Ruling, London: Routledge Press.
Smith, K., (2005), ‘Modern day slavery: inside the prison-industrial complex’, in Sudbury, J. (ed.), Global Lockdown: Race, Gender and the Prison-Industrial Complex, London/New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 105–8.
Smith, P., (2008), Punishment and Culture, The University of Chicago Press.
Smith, R. M. and Erevelles, N., (2004), ‘Toward an enabling education: the difference that disability makes’, Educational Researcher, 23(8), pp. 31–6.
Smith, S. R. and Freinkel, S., (1988), Adjusting the Balance: Federal Policy and Victim Services, Westport, CT: Greenwood.
Snacken, S. and Dumortier, E., (2012), ‘Resisting punitiveness in Europe?’, in Snacken, S. and Dumortier, E., Resisting Punitiveness in Europe?, London: Routledge, pp. 1–20.
Social Exclusion Unit, (2002), Reducing Re-offending by Ex-prisoners: Summary of the Social Exclusion Report, London: HMSO.
Sparks, R., (2006), ‘Ordinary anxieties and states of emergency: statecraft and spectatorship in the new politics of insecurity’, in Armstrong, S. and McAra, L. (eds.), Perspectives on Punishment, Oxford University Press, pp. 31–48.
Sparks, R. F., (1982), Research on Victims of Crime: Accomplishments, Issues and New Directions, Rockville, MD: National Institute of Mental Health, Center for Studies of Crime and Delinquency.
Standing, G., (2011), The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class, New York, NY: Bloomsbury Academic.
Stanley, E. A. and Smith, N. (eds.), (2011), Captive Genders: Trans Embodiment and Prison-Industrial Complex, Oakland, CA: AK Press.
Stastny, C. and Tyrnauer, G., (1982), Who Rules the Joint? The Changing Political Culture of Maximum-Security Prisons in America, Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath.
Steurer, S., Tracy, A. and Smith, L., (2001), Three State Recidivism Study, Lanham, MD: Correctional Education Association.
Stinson, P., (2004), ‘Restoring justice: how congress can amend the one-strike laws in federally-subsidized housing to ensure due process, avoid inequity, and combat crime’, Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law and Policy, 11, pp. 435–94.
Strange, C. and Kempa, M., (2003), ‘Shades of dark tourism: Alcatraz and Robben Island’, Annals of Tourism Research, 30, pp. 386–405.
Streeck, W. and Thelen, K. (eds.), (2005), Beyond Continuity: Institutional Change in Advanced Political Economies, Oxford University Press.
Streeten, P., (1981), First Things First: Meeting Basic Human Need in the Developing Countries, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Stumpf, J., (2007), The Crimmigration Crisis: Immigrations, Crime and Sovereign Power, Paper No. 2007-2, Lewis and Clark Law School Legal Research Paper Series.
Stumpf, J., (2011), ‘Doing time: crimmigration law and the perils of haste’, UCLA Law Review, 58, pp. 1705–48.
Stumpf, J., (2012), ‘The justice of crimmigration law and the security of home’, in Hudson, B. and Ugelvik, S. (eds.), Justice and Security in the Twenty-First Century, London: Routledge, pp. 43–63.
Sturken, M., (2007), Tourists of History: Memory, Kitsch, and Consumerism from Oklahoma City to Ground Zero, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Sudbury, J., (1998), Other Kinds of Dreams: Black Women’s Organisations and the Politics of Transformation, London: Routledge.
Sudbury, J., (2000), ‘Transatlantic visions: resisting the globalization of mass incarceration’, Social Justice, 27(3), pp. 133–49.
Sudbury, J., (2004), ‘A world without prisons: resisting militarism, globalized punishment and empire’, Social Justice, 31(1–2), pp. 9–30.
Sudbury, J., (2005a), ‘Feminist critiques, transnational landscapes, abolitionist visions’, in Sudbury, J. (ed.), Global Lockdown, London/New York, NY: Routledge, pp. xi–xxviii.
Sudbury, J., (2005b), ‘“Mules”, “Yardies” and other folk devils: mapping cross border imprisonment in Britain’, in Sudbury, J. (ed.), Global Lockdown, London/New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 167–83.
Sudbury, J. (ed.), (2005c), Global Lockdown: Race, Gender, and the Prison-Industrial Complex, London/New York, NY: Routledge.
Sudbury, J., (2011), ‘Maroon abolitionists: black gendered-oppressed activists in the anti-prisons movement in the U.S. and Canada’, in Stanley, E. A. and Smith, N. (eds.), Captive Genders: Trans Embodiment and the Prison Industrial Complex, Oakland, CA: AK Press, pp. 293–321.
Sudbury, J. and Okazawa-Rey, M. (eds.), (2009), Activist Scholarship: Antiracism, Feminism and Social Change, Boulder, CO: Paradigm.
Svallfors, S., (2006), The Moral Economy of Class: Class and Attitudes in Comparative Perspective, Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
Taslitz, A., (2012), ‘The criminal republic: democratic breakdown as a cause of mass incarceration’, Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, 9(1), pp. 133–93.
Taylor, J., (1992), ‘Post-secondary correctional education: an evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency’, Journal of Correctional Education, 43(3), pp. 132–41.
Thatcher, M., (
1987), Interview for
Woman’s Own, 23 September, available at:
www.margaretthatcher.org (accessed 21 May 2010).
The Sentencing Project, (
2012),
Trends in U.S. Corrections, available at:
www.sentencingproject.org (accessed 1 January 2013).
Tilly, C., (1997), ‘Parliamentarization of popular contention in Great Britain, 1758–1834’, Theory and Society, 26(April), pp. 245–73.
Tocqueville, de A. and Beaumont, de G., (1833/1970), The Penitentiary System in the United States and Its Application in France, New York, NY: Augustus Kelly.
Tombs, S. and Whyte, D., (2010), ‘A deadly consensus: worker safety and regulatory degradation under New Labour’, British Journal of Criminology, 50(1), pp. 46–55.
Tonry, M. (ed.), (1997), Ethnicity, Crime, and Immigration: Comparative and Cross-National Perspectives, The University of Chicago Press.
Tonry, M., (2001), ‘Punishment policies and patterns in Western countries’, in Tonry, M. and Frase, R. S. (eds.), Sentencing and Sanctions in Western Countries, Oxford University Press, pp. 3–28.
Tonry, M., (2004), Thinking about Crime: Sense and Sensibility in American Penal Culture, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Tonry, M., (2007), ‘Determinants of penal policies’, in Tonry, M. (ed.), Crime, Punishment and Politics in Comparative Perspective, London: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 1–48.
Toynbee, P., (2012), ‘Cameron’s big cut “idea” will only backfire on the Tories’, Guardian, 26 June, p. 28.
Trenka, J. J., Oparah. J. C and Yung Shin, S. (eds.), (2006), Outsiders Within: Writing on Transracial Adoption, Cambridge, MA: South End Press.
Turkle, S., (2011), Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other, New York, NY: Basic Books.
Turnbull, R., (1796), A Visit to a Philadelphia Prison, Philadelphia, PA: Budd and Bertram Press.
Tzanelli, R., O’Brien, M. and Yar, M., (2005), ‘“Con me if you can”: exploring crime in the American cinematic imagination’, Theoretical Criminology, 9, pp. 97–117.
Ugelvik, T., (2012), ‘Imprisoned on the border: subjects and objects of the state in two Norwegian prisons’, in Hudson, B. and Ugelvik, S. (eds.), Justice and Security in the Twenty-First Century, London: Routledge, pp. 64–82.
Uggen, C., Manza, J. and Thompson, M., (2006), ‘Citizenship, democracy and the civic reintegration of criminal offenders’, ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 605, pp. 281–310.
United Nations, (1988), Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment, A/RES/43/173, 76th plenary meeting, 9 December 1988.
United Nations, (2005), Report of the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, E/CN.4/2006/7, Commission on Human Rights, 62nd session, 12 December 2005.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, (1999), Revised Guidelines on Applicable Criteria and Standards Relating to the Detention of Asylum-Seekers, Geneva: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, (2010), Joint Study on Global Practices in Relation to Secret Detention in the Context of Countering Terrorism, A/HRC/13/42, 19 February 2010.
Useem, B. and Kimball, P., (1989), States of Siege: U.S. Prison Riots, 1971–1986, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Valverde, M., (2012), ‘Analysing punishment: scope and scale’, Theoretical Criminology, 16, pp. 245–53.
Van Kalmthout, A. M., Hofstee-van der Meulen, F. B. A. M. and Dünkel, F. (eds.), (2007), Foreigners in European Prisoners. Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers.
Verfaillie, K., (2012), ‘Punitive needs, society and public opinion: an explorative study of ambivalent attitudes to punishment and criminal justice’, in Snacken, S. and Dumortier, E., Resisting Punitiveness in Europe?, London: Routledge, pp. 225–46.
Vine, J., (2012), Thematic Inspection of How the UK Border Agency Manages Foreign National Prisoners: February – May 2011, London: Independent Chief Inspector of the UK Border Agency.
Wacquant, L., (1991), ‘Making class: the middle class(es) in social theory and social structure’, in McNall, S., Levine, R. and Fantasia, R. (eds.), Bringing Class Back In: Contemporary and Historical Perspectives, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 39–64.
Wacquant, L., (2001), ‘Deadly symbiosis: when ghetto and prison meet and mesh’, in Garland, D. (ed.), (2001), Mass Imprisonment, London: Sage, pp. 82–120.
Wacquant, L. (ed.), (2005), The Mystery of Ministry: Pierre Bourdieu and Democratic Politics, Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Wacquant, L., (2006), ‘Penalisation, depoliticisation, racialisation: on the over-incarceration of immigrants in the European Union’, in Armstrong, S. and McAra, L. (eds.), Perspectives on Punishment, Oxford University Press, pp. 83–100.
Wacquant, L., (2008a), ‘Ordering insecurity: social polarization and the punitive upsurge’, Radical Philosophy Review, 11(1), pp. 9–27.
Wacquant, L., (2008b), Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginalit, Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Wacquant, L., (2009a), Prisons of Poverty, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Wacquant, L., (2009b), Punishing the Poor: The Neoliberal Government of Social Insecurity, Durham: Duke University Press.
Wacquant, L., (2010a), ‘Class, race and hyper-incarceration in revanchist America’, Daedalus, 139(3), pp. 70–80.
Wacquant, L., (2010b), ‘The wedding of workfare and prisonfare revisited’, Social Justice, 38(1–2), pp. 203–21.
Wacquant, L., (2013), Deadly Symbiosis: Race and the Rise of the Penal State, Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Walker, A., (1997), ‘Introduction: the strategy of inequality’, in Walker, A. and Walker, C. (eds.), Britain Divided: The Growth of Social Exclusion in the 1980s and 1990s, London: Child Poverty Action Group.
Walker, S., (1999), In Defense of American Liberties: A History of the ACLU, (2nd edn), Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois Press.
Walmsley, R., (2012), World Prison Population List, (9th edn), Essex: International Centre for Prison Studies.
Wardhaugh, J., (2000), Subcity: Young People Homelessness and Crime, Aldershot: Ashgate.
Watkins, W., (2001), The White Architects of Black Education: Ideology and Power in America, 1865–1954, New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Watkins, C. and
Naqi, P., (
2011),
Visions of Abolition: From Critical Resistance to a New Way of Life, available at:
www.visionsofabolition.org (accessed 1 November 2012).
Weber, M., (English edn 1930, German original 1904–5), The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Unwin University Books.
Webster, C. M. and Doob, A. N., (2007), ‘Punitive trends and stable imprisonment rates in Canada’, in Tonry, M. (ed.), Crime, Punishment and Politics in Comparative Perspective, London: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 297–396.
Weeks, K. M., (1970), ‘The New Zealand criminal injuries compensation scheme’, Southern California Law Review, 43, pp. 107–21.
Weiss, R. and South, N. (eds.), (1998), Comparing Prison Systems, London: Routledge.
West, W. G. and Morris, R. (eds.), (2000), The Case for Penal Abolition, Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press.
Western, B., (2006), Punishment and Inequality in America, New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
Wheelock, D., Wald, P. and Shchukin, Y., (2012), ‘Managing the socially marginalized: attitudes toward welfare, punishment, and race’, Journal of Poverty, 16(1), pp. 1–26.
Whitman, J. Q., (2003), Harsh Justice: Criminal Punishment and the Widening Divide between America and Europe, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Wilkins, L., (1991), Punishment, Crime and Market Forces, Aldershot: Dartmouth.
Wilkins, L. and Pease, K., (1987), ‘Public demand for punishment’, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 7(3), pp. 16–29.
Wilkinson, R. and Pickett, K., (2010), The Spirit Level: Why Equality is Better for Everyone, London: Penguin.
Willis, P., (1977), Learning to Labor: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs, New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Wilsher, D. (2011). Immigration Detention: Law, History, Politics, Cambridge University Press.
Wilson, D. and Anderson, M., (2011), ‘Understanding Obama’s discourse on urban poverty’, in Bourke, A., Dafnos, T. and Kip, M. (eds.), Lumpencity: Discourses of Marginality, Marginalising Discourses, Ottawa: Red Quill Books, pp. 43–74.
Wilson, D. and O’Sullivan, S., (2005), ‘Re-theorizing the penal reform functions of the prison film: revelation, humanization, empathy and benchmarking’, Theoretical Criminology, 9, pp. 471–91.
Wilson, W. J., (1987), The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy, The University of Chicago Press.
Wilson, W. J., (1996), When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor, NewYork, NY: Knopf.
Winn, M., (2010), Girl Time: Literacy, Justice, and the School-to-Prison Pipeline, New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Wollebæk, Dag., Enjolras, B., Steen-Johnsen, K. and Ødegård, G. (2011), Hva gjør terroren med oss som sivilsamfunn? (How Does the Terror Affect Us As a Civil Society?), Senter for forskning på sivilsamfunn og frivillig sector (Center for Research on Civil Society and Voluntary Sector).
Wollebæk, Dag., Enjolras, B., Ødegård, G. and Steen-Johnsen, K. (2012), Ett år etter 22 juli. Har rosetoget gått? (One Year after 22 July. Has the Rose Procession gone?), Senter for forskning på sivilsamfunn og frivillig sector (Center for Research on Civil Society and Voluntary Sector).
Wright, E. O., (1985), Classes, London: Verso.
Young, J., (1999), The Exclusive Society, London: Sage.
Young, W. and Brown, M., (1993), ‘The use of imprisonment: trends and cross-national comparisons’, in Tonry. M. (ed.), Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, The University of Chicago Press.
Zedner, L., (1994), ‘Victims’, in Maguire, M., Morgan, R. and Reiner, R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 1207–46.
Zedner, L., (2003), ‘Too much security?’, International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 31, pp. 155–84.
Zedner, L., (2009), Security, London: Taylor and Francis.
Zimring, F. E. and Hawkins, G., (1995), Incapacitation: Penal Confinement and the Restraint of Crime, Oxford University Press.
Zimring, F. E., Hawkins, G. and Kamin, S., (2001), Punishment and Democracy: Three Strikes and You’re Out in California, New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Žižek, S., (1994), The Metastases of Enjoyment: Six Essays on Woman and Causality, London: Verso.
Žižek, S., (1997), The Plague of Fantasies, London: Verso.
Žižek, S., (2006), The Parallax View, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
