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Ninety years ago an international war against fascism was fought, and lost, in Spain. Defeat triggered a World War that drove back the Nazi empire and its collaborators, but the progressive dream of more equal societies which antifascists had fought for in Spain was afterwards paralysed by a conservative Cold War order everywhere. Helen Graham vividly tells this history through the interconnected lives of five diverse activists and creatives who defended democracy in Spain and were afterwards scattered across continents by continuing war, political repression and the Holocaust. With courageous imagination they transformed their losses into new ways of living and resisting. As the stakes rise again today, the urgency of reconnecting with these lives redoubles: in the face of 'post-truth' advances, this book testifies to forensic history as a form of resistance, and to the lasting importance of Spain's faraway war that remains forever near.
Joyce Marie Mushaben assesses the extraordinary political career and policy legacy of Ursula von der Leyen. A medical doctor and mother of seven children, von der Leyen entered national politics at age forty-two. Consistently opposed by hardliners within her own party, the CDU, she mastered three ministerial portfolios across four Merkel governments, enabling her to transform Germany's obsolete gender regime and its historically anti-militarist 'strategic culture.' As the first female President of the EU Commission in 2019, she pursued a 'Union of Equality,' extending women's and gender rights in new domains. Forced to tackle the Covid pandemic, climate change and Russia's war against Ukraine, she met each crisis with dignity and calm. She strengthened the EU's identity as a 'value community' and redefined its role as a 'geopolitical' global actor. This is the first book to analyse von der Leyen's achievements in the context of an era of global crisis.
In this vivid and ambitious study, Kate Driscoll uncovers the vibrant world of women who read, supported, and transformed the works of Torquato Tasso, one of the most prodigious poets of the Italian Renaissance. Drawing on rare archival materials, overlooked manuscripts, and visual evidence, she reveals how women readers – patrons, performers, and poets – shaped Tasso's writing and contributed to his enduring legacy. Moving beyond traditional accounts that cast women as passive recipients of male authorship, she demonstrates that they were instead active collaborators whose insights, conversations, and creative responses were integral to the making and meaning of premodern literary sociability. Through the frameworks of literary hospitality and horizontal patronage, she shows how networks of readers and writers crossed social and artistic boundaries, telling a compelling new story about how communities form around reading and how they survive over time. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
The legacy of fascism has challenged far-right expansion in Central Europe, yet nativist parties have found a workaround without compromising exclusionary ethno-nationalist agendas. Barbarians at the Gate explores the under-studied role that religion plays in the promotion of the ethno-nationalist agendas currently chipping away at liberal democratic protections. The book identifies a democratic erosion grounded in a Christian Nationalist concept of the ethno-nation fused with Christianity. Through a combination of interviews, new surveys with Austrian and German voters, and an original dataset of nativist and radical-right party rhetoric, it demonstrates how nativist parties use religion as a vehicle for democratic erosion, even in nations long-seen as bastions of democracy. Especially in Germany, where the hurdles to a far-right comeback are high, understanding how nativist parties use religious framing to sidestep the legacies of Nazism while still promoting ethno-nationalism is critical.
As pointed out by the editors of this unusual volume, studying the development of contemporary Spain is important to understand the challenges, dynamics and limits of political and economic modernization. The contributors of Twisted Modernization bring the theoretical and methodological toolkit of modern political economy to study Spain's long run economic (industrialization) and institutional (capacity, constitutions) processes, the evolution of its economic, political and judicial elites, and how the country's institutional legacies condition its democracy and economic outcomes to this day. Including work from over a dozen of well-known specialists and grounded in novel and systematic data, this volume provides a sober assessment of both the country's achievements and worrying future challenges. It offers key insights on the causes of democratization and growth in general and provides a model for further research on the trajectories of other countries. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Victor Hugo's eminence as a writer is bolstered by his reputation for unbridled ambition, prolific talent, and virile sexuality, yet his work is deeply uncomfortable with these aggrandized notions of what it means to be a man. Rereading some of Hugo's most famous writing alongside lesser-known texts, Bradley Stephens reveals how the author of Les Misérables contests normative ideas of manhood in ways that are surprising and urgent for gender studies today. Although Hugo recognized the allure of 'greatness', his writing knowingly resists the patriarchal clichés that were being fastened onto his public image even before he was laid to rest in the Paris Panthéon as one of France's grands hommes in 1885. Hugo channelled nature's spontaneity to understand all forms and types as fluid, not fixed, and his aversion to categorical viewpoints and established hierarchies necessarily questions the binary logic of gender and its naturalization of men's social dominance.
The Lutheran pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer courageously resisted the Nazi regime. Yet, while inspired by sincere faith, his resistance was also politically short-sighted. In this study, Douglas G. Morris explores how Bonhoeffer's fear of the regime's assault on Christianity led him to neglect the liberal democratic value of equal justice under law. While opposing Nazi racism against Jews, Bonhoeffer always believed that they must eventually convert. Scorning Hitler's rule as godless, Bonhoeffer imagined in its place a secular government under Christ that was authoritarian, hierarchical, and anti-egalitarian. Thus, Bonhoeffer had little to offer Jews, other marginalised groups, or political dissenters. Based on a careful probing of extensive secondary literature and a meticulous analysis of Bonhoeffer's own writing, this study demonstrates how his faith both inspired his anti-Nazism and constrained his political understanding.
Immigration has reshaped and transformed societies, redefining what it means to belong. As movement across borders accelerated after World War II, European cultures diversified in profound and lasting ways. 'Beyond Cosmopolitanism' offers a comprehensive examination of the people who actively support immigration, tracing how their attitudes vary across countries and evolve over time. It reveals who these individuals are, where they live, and how deeply rooted their views are – whether through personal relationships with immigrants or through civic and political engagement on immigration issues. Drawing on cross-national statistical analyses, original survey experiments, and in-depth qualitative interviews, Rahsaan Maxwell uncovers the complex motivations and commitments behind these attitudes. With additional insights from civic engagement in the United States and global patterns of immigration opinion, this book provides a wide-ranging perspective on the forces shaping public support for immigration today.
Between 1939 and 1945, the Nazi regime presided over one of the largest campaigns of state-sponsored assimilation in modern history. Across Europe, millions of people were classified as members of the “master race” amid the horrors of the Second World War, a huge number of whom renounced their nationality to embrace Hitler's cause. Making Germans recounts this endeavor through the prism of its model, the Re-Germanization Procedure, a special initiative of demographic engineering run by Heinrich Himmler's SS which sent select foreign subjects to undergo conversion in the heart of the Third Reich. By documenting the experiences and relationships of the ordinary civilians who participated in the program, and examining the impact of their involvement, Bradley Nichols reveals a key interplay between Nazi empire-building at home and abroad. In that vein, this study offers a fresh take on the much-debated question of whether the Holocaust was a form of colonialism. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Building the Parish Church in Late Medieval England investigates the architectural, artistic, and socioreligious cultures of local places of worship between the Black Death and the Reformation. Zachary Stewart provides the first systematic account of a new type of parish church distinguished by the absence of any structural division between the nave and chancel. Tracking the development of this type across time, place, and setting, he explores how its integrated format expressed, reinforced, and reproduced collective processes related to the conception, construction, and provision of parochial space. The result, he argues, was nothing less than a novel kind of public monument to collaborative action. Informed by a wealth of fresh archival, archaeological, and architectural research, with special attention to East Anglia, Stewart's study demonstrates the importance of the parish church as a center for innovative material production in late medieval England. It also reveals how non-elite social configurations shaped local life on the eve of the modern era.
Volume II offers an authoritative new guide to life in the Crusader States of the Levant and the Eastern Mediterranean. Across nineteen chapters, leading experts explore how the crusaders not only imposed their own ideas and practices on the Levant but also adapted to its diverse landscapes and societies. With a strong emphasis on material culture, this volume offers a series of interpretative essays covering medicine, law, intellectual life and religious practice, while also providing a fresh treatment of topics including warfare, castles, the Military Orders, art, architecture, archaeology, and many aspects of daily life.
Behind the front lines of the Second World War raged a different kind of battle. In secret camps across Britain, thousands of enemy spies, soldiers, and war criminals were interrogated in the effort to defeat Nazi Germany and the ideology that drove it. Drawing on extensive British archival sources, Artemis Photiadou uncovers the methods, motives, and moral tensions behind this vast machinery of questioning. Within it, officers, scientists, and linguists sought to extract military intelligence, as well as to grasp why individuals fought Hitler's war and, eventually, to assess their complicity in the regime's crimes. The resulting interactions expose the complexity of those who were questioned, the assumptions of their interrogators, and the ethical contradictions of a liberal state at war. This is a vivid account of how Britain attempted to comprehend the enemy it was fighting. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
This revised and updated edition of the definitive history of the French Wars of Religion explains why they were fought and how peace was finally restored after two generations of fighting. Since the publication of the second edition in 2005, recent scholarship has challenged traditional ideas of how the wars started and has included new research on peace-making, memory studies, and the international dimensions of the conflict. Mack P. Holt offers a fresh narrative which incorporates these ideas, while continuing to make this complicated series of civil wars understandable and accessible to readers. Holt explores why France become divided by a civil war fought between both professional armies and civilians, why French elites believed that a simple policy of repression could succeed against the growth of Protestantism, and how peaceful coexistence between the two confessions was eventually established after nearly four decades of war. As a result, this study remains an essential introduction for both students and general readers.
Volume III focuses on the evolution of crusading beyond the Holy Land, the ways in which crusading impacted the people of Europe, and the cultural, political and religious legacies that were left behind. As a major cultural driver of the medieval age, it did much to shape religious thinking and practices, as well as influencing royal, knightly and civic ideology. Across twenty-one chapters, leading experts reveal the impact the Crusades had on women, Jews and emphasises the prominent presence of the Military Orders. Further essays show the rapid diversification of crusading to encompass enemies of the Catholic Church in Iberia, the Baltic and eastern Europe, the heretical Cathars, as well as the Ottoman Turks in the sixteenth century. It concludes with extensive coverage of the vast and diverse legacies of the Crusades, revealing the complexity and contemporary relevance of these contrasting memories in the West and the Muslim world.
Anaïs Nin in Context restores Nin as a central voice of twentieth-century literature. Best known for her diaries and erotica, Nin was also an experimental novelist, essayist, and cultural figure, whose work resonates with questions of sexuality, creativity, and identity. This volume assembles an international team of scholars to explore Nin's life and legacy across seven thematic sections: life and genres; interpersonal and artistic influences; subjectivity and the mind; gender and women's rights; geographical settings; sociocultural contexts; and reception. Together, the thirty-four essays situate Nin within artistic circles from Paris to New York, examine her engagement with feminism and psychoanalysis, and trace her enduring afterlife in film, graphic novels, and contemporary scholarship. Accessible yet rigorous, Anaïs Nin in Context will serve students, researchers, and readers eager to reassess Nin's contributions and understand her as a cosmopolitan writer, whose voice continues to speak to issues pertaining to the woman artist.
Volume I provides this generation's definitive account to crusading history, beginning with the First Crusade in 1095, through Richard the Lionheart, Saladin and the Third Crusade (1187–92), to the fall of the Holy Land in 1291. Across twenty-four chapters, leading experts also provide broad coverage of the source material, delivering fresh perspectives and interpretations. The volume brings together new insights into the establishment of crusader rule and the ongoing interaction of these new Christian territories – in military, religious, cultural and economic terms – with local societies and regimes, most notably the Muslims and the Byzantine Greeks.
How did the global circulation of modern technologies of warfare transform armed resistance? Focusing on the European territories of the Ottoman Empire, Ramazan Hakkı Öztan explores how revolutionary organizations navigated a world newly rich in material resources by the late nineteenth century. Unlike those who came before them, these revolutionaries operated in an increasingly connected global economy of violence that fed military-grade surplus weapons and newly invented explosives into their hands. Tracing commodity flows, Öztan profiles arms dealers, smugglers, and informers active in this economy of revolution. While revolutionaries tapped into transnational circuits, exchanged technical know-how, and engaged in calculated acts of violence, bureaucrats sought to dismantle black markets, gather counterintelligence, and wage their own campaigns of repression. Situating these connected histories across time and space, this global history explains the transformation of rebellion and imperial coercion by the turn of the twentieth century. This is a Flip it Open title and may be available open access on Cambridge Core.
This book explores Russia's 100-year history of institutional experiments with legal forms, incentives, and organizational structures in search of an optimal system of knowledge production and diffusion. How was the Soviet Union able to industrialize in the absence of intellectual property, while Russia fails to re-industrialize despite adopting strong intellectual property rights that are presumed to be better suited to promoting innovation? What happened to Russia after it introduced the globalized rules of intellectual property? Informed by interviews with key players in the Russian innovation system and case studies in biopharmaceutical and information technology industries, the book exposes the informal side of the institution of intellectual property in Russia. The study reveals that the Russian case is not simply a story of institutional decline; it is also a story of how a new informal system is evolving in which new networks are steering Russia's approach to innovation.
For more than seven decades, the European Union has delivered on its founding promise of peace in Western Europe. Yet serious economic and political problems persist, among them widening regional inequality. Europe's Poison Pill exposes the hidden costs of EU Cohesion Policy, showing how initiatives meant to promote convergence instead entrench stagnation, distort incentives, and defer essential reforms. Drawing on historical evidence, contemporary case studies, and economic analysis, Nuno Palma demonstrates that structural and investment funds operate as a modern resource curse, weakening many of the regions they target. The book offers a roadmap for restoring Europe's competitiveness and institutional credibility. By challenging entrenched orthodoxies, it reframes the debate on Europe's future and confronts the costs of preserving a failed model.