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Cubature rules are indispensable tools in scientific computing and applied sciences whenever evaluating or discretizing integrals is needed. This monograph is the first comprehensive resource devoted to cubature rules in English since Stroud's classic 1971 book, and the first book about minimal cubature rules. The book explores the subject's theoretical side, which intersects with many branches of mathematics. Minimal cubature rules are intimately connected with common zeros of orthogonal polynomials, which can be described via the polynomial ideals and varieties. Many prominent or practical cubature rules are invariant under a finite group, and some involve symmetric functions and the discrete Fourier transform. Based on state-of-the-art research, the book systematically studies Gauss and minimal cubature rules, and includes a chapter on the practical aspects of construction cubature rules on triangles and simplexes. This comprehensive guide is ideal for researchers and advanced graduate students across the computational and applied mathematics community.
Unlock the potential of computational fluid dynamics with this essential guide for master's and graduate students, and researchers. It explores the immersed boundary method (IBM), a revolutionary approach for simulating flows in complex geometries. With a focus on fluid/structure interaction, it examines theoretical principles and practical implementations, offering insights into tackling intricate geometries and enhancing simulation accuracy. The book features a series of numerical examples that increase in complexity, and is accompanied by the source code, allowing readers to replicate results and deepen their understanding. Whether you're wanting to refine your skills or embark on new research, this introduction will empower you to master the art of complex flow simulations.
Scientific computing plays a critically important role in almost all areas of engineering, modeling, and forecasting. The method of finite differences (FD) is a classical tool that is still rapidly evolving, with several key developments barely yet in the literature. Other key aspects of the method, in particular those to do with computations that require high accuracy, often 'fall through the cracks' in many treatises. Bengt Fornberg addresses that failing in this book, which adopts a practical perspective right across the field and is aimed at graduate students, scientists, and educators seeking a follow-up to more typical curriculum-oriented textbooks. The coverage extends from generating FD formulas and applying them to solving ordinary and partial differential equations, to numerical integration, evaluation of infinite sums, approximation of fractional derivatives, and computations in the complex plane.
This comprehensive introduction to global spectral methods for fractional differential equations from leaders of this emerging field is designed to be accessible to graduate students and researchers across math, science, and engineering. The book begins by covering the foundational fractional calculus concepts needed to understand and model anomalous transport phenomena. The authors proceed to introduce a series of new spectral theories and new families of orthogonal and log orthogonal functions, then present corresponding spectral and spectral element methods for fractional differential equations. The book also covers the fractional Laplacian in unbounded and bounded domains and major developments in time-integration of fractional models. It ends by sampling the wide variety of real-world applications of fractional modeling, including concentration transport in surface/subsurface dynamics, complex rheology and material damage, and fluid turbulence and geostrophic transport.
Numerical Analysis is a broad field, and coming to grips with all of it may seem like a daunting task. This text provides a thorough and comprehensive exposition of all the topics contained in a classical graduate sequence in numerical analysis. With an emphasis on theory and connections with linear algebra and analysis, the book shows all the rigor of numerical analysis. Its high level and exhaustive coverage will prepare students for research in the field and become a valuable reference as they continue their career. Students will appreciate the simple notation, clear assumptions and arguments, as well as the many examples and classroom-tested exercises ranging from simple verification to qualifying exam-level problems. In addition to the many examples with hand calculations, readers will also be able to translate theory into practical computational codes by running sample MATLAB codes as they try out new concepts.
Recovering the phase of the Fourier transform is a ubiquitous problem in imaging applications from astronomy to nanoscale X-ray diffraction imaging. Despite the efforts of a multitude of scientists, from astronomers to mathematicians, there is, as yet, no satisfactory theoretical or algorithmic solution to this class of problems. Written for mathematicians, physicists and engineers working in image analysis and reconstruction, this book introduces a conceptual, geometric framework for the analysis of these problems, leading to a deeper understanding of the essential, algorithmically independent, difficulty of their solutions. Using this framework, the book studies standard algorithms and a range of theoretical issues in phase retrieval and provides several new algorithms and approaches to this problem with the potential to improve the reconstructed images. The book is lavishly illustrated with the results of numerous numerical experiments that motivate the theoretical development and place it in the context of practical applications.
Quasi-interpolation is one of the most useful and often applied methods for the approximation of functions and data in mathematics and applications. Its advantages are manifold: quasi-interpolants are able to approximate in any number of dimensions, they are efficient and relatively easy to formulate for scattered and meshed nodes and for any number of data. This book provides an introduction into the field for graduate students and researchers, outlining all the mathematical background and methods of implementation. The mathematical analysis of quasi-interpolation is given in three directions, namely on the basis (spline spaces, radial basis functions) from which the approximation is taken, on the form and computation of the quasi-interpolants (point evaluations, averages, least squares), and on the mathematical properties (existence, locality, convergence questions, precision). Learn which type of quasi-interpolation to use in different contexts and how to optimise its features to suit applications in physics and engineering.
This is the second of three volumes that form the Encyclopedia of Special Functions, an extensive update of the Bateman Manuscript Project. Volume 2 covers multivariable special functions. When the Bateman project appeared, study of these was in an early stage, but revolutionary developments began to be made in the 1980s and have continued ever since. World-renowned experts survey these over the course of 12 chapters, each containing an extensive bibliography. The reader encounters different perspectives on a wide range of topics, from Dunkl theory, to Macdonald theory, to the various deep generalizations of classical hypergeometric functions to the several variables case, including the elliptic level. Particular attention is paid to the close relation of the subject with Lie theory, geometry, mathematical physics and combinatorics.
This is the first of three volumes that form the Encyclopedia of Special Functions, an extensive update of the Bateman Manuscript Project. Volume 1 contains most of the material on orthogonal polynomials, from the classical orthogonal polynomials of Hermite, Laguerre and Jacobi to the Askey–Wilson polynomials, which are the most general basic hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials. Separate chapters cover orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle, zeros of orthogonal polynomials and matrix orthogonal polynomials, with detailed results about matrix-valued Jacobi polynomials. A chapter on moment problems provides many examples of indeterminate moment problems. A thorough bibliography rounds off what will be an essential reference.
Although numerical approximation and statistical inference are traditionally covered as entirely separate subjects, they are intimately connected through the common purpose of making estimations with partial information. This book explores these connections from a game and decision theoretic perspective, showing how they constitute a pathway to developing simple and general methods for solving fundamental problems in both areas. It illustrates these interplays by addressing problems related to numerical homogenization, operator adapted wavelets, fast solvers, and Gaussian processes. This perspective reveals much of their essential anatomy and greatly facilitates advances in these areas, thereby appearing to establish a general principle for guiding the process of scientific discovery. This book is designed for graduate students, researchers, and engineers in mathematics, applied mathematics, and computer science, and particularly researchers interested in drawing on and developing this interface between approximation, inference, and learning.
Written in an easy-to-understand manner, this comprehensive textbook brings together both basic and advanced concepts of numerical methods in a single volume. Important topics including error analysis, nonlinear equations, systems of linear equations, interpolation and interpolation for Equal intervals and bivariate interpolation are discussed comprehensively. The textbook is written to cater to the needs of undergraduate students of mathematics, computer science, mechanical engineering, civil engineering and information technology for a course on numerical methods/numerical analysis. The text simplifies the understanding of the concepts through exercises and practical examples. Pedagogical features including solved examples and unsolved exercises are interspersed throughout the book for better understanding.
This book combines a comprehensive state-of-the-art analysis of bifurcations of discrete-time dynamical systems with concrete instruction on implementations (and example applications) in the free MATLAB® software MatContM developed by the authors. While self-contained and suitable for independent study, the book is also written with users in mind and is an invaluable reference for practitioners. Part I focuses on theory, providing a systematic presentation of bifurcations of fixed points and cycles of finite-dimensional maps, up to and including cases with two control parameters. Several complementary methods, including Lyapunov exponents, invariant manifolds and homoclinic structures, and parts of chaos theory, are presented. Part II introduces MatContM through step-by-step tutorials on how to use the general numerical methods described in Part I for simple dynamical models defined by one- and two-dimensional maps. Further examples in Part III show how MatContM can be used to analyze more complicated models from modern engineering, ecology, and economics.
Here is an introductory text on metric spaces that is the first to be written for students who are as interested in the applications as in the theory. Knowledge of metric spaces is fundamental to understanding numerical methods (for example for solving differential equations) as well as analysis, yet most books at this level emphasise just the abstraction and theory. Dr Bryant uses applications to provide motivation and to sustain the development and discusses numerical procedures where appropriate. The reader is expected to have had some exposure to elementary analysis, but the author provides examples throughout to refresh the student's memory and to test and extend understanding. In short, this is an introductory textbook that will appeal to students of mathematics and engineering and will give them the required background for more advanced courses in both analysis and numerical analysis.
The purpose of this book is to give a thorough introduction to the most commonly used methods of numerical linear algebra and optimisation. The prerequisites are some familiarity with the basic properties of matrices, finite-dimensional vector spaces, advanced calculus, and some elementary notations from functional analysis. The book is in two parts. The first deals with numerical linear algebra (review of matrix theory, direct and iterative methods for solving linear systems, calculation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors) and the second, optimisation (general algorithms, linear and nonlinear programming). The author has based the book on courses taught for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students and the result is a well-organised and lucid exposition. Summaries of basic mathematics are provided, proofs of theorems are complete yet kept as simple as possible, and applications from physics and mechanics are discussed. Professor Ciarlet has also helpfully provided over 40 line diagrams, a great many applications, and a useful guide to further reading. This excellent textbook, which is translated and revised from the very successful French edition, will be of great value to students of numerical analysis, applied mathematics and engineering.
This self-contained, systematic treatment of multivariate approximation begins with classical linear approximation, and moves on to contemporary nonlinear approximation. It covers substantial new developments in the linear approximation theory of classes with mixed smoothness, and shows how it is directly related to deep problems in other areas of mathematics. For example, numerical integration of these classes is closely related to discrepancy theory and to nonlinear approximation with respect to special redundant dictionaries, and estimates of the entropy numbers of classes with mixed smoothness are closely related to (in some cases equivalent to) the Small Ball Problem from probability theory. The useful background material included in the book makes it accessible to graduate students. Researchers will find that the many open problems in the theory outlined in the book provide helpful directions and guidance for their own research in this exciting and active area.
Most functions that occur in mathematics cannot be used directly in computer calculations. Instead they are approximated by manageable functions such as polynomials and piecewise polynomials. The general theory of the subject and its application to polynomial approximation are classical, but piecewise polynomials have become far more useful during the last twenty years. Thus many important theoretical properties have been found recently and many new techniques for the automatic calculation of approximations to prescribed accuracy have been developed. This book gives a thorough and coherent introduction to the theory that is the basis of current approximation methods. Professor Powell describes and analyses the main techniques of calculation supplying sufficient motivation throughout the book to make it accessible to scientists and engineers who require approximation methods for practical needs. Because the book is based on a course of lectures to third-year undergraduates in mathematics at Cambridge University, sufficient attention is given to theory to make it highly suitable as a mathematical textbook at undergraduate or postgraduate level.
The third edition of this successful text describes and evaluates a range of widely used numerical methods, with an emphasis on problem solving. Every method is discussed thoroughly and illustrated with problems involving both hand computation and programming. MATLAB® M-files accompany each method and are available on the book's web page. Code is made simple and easy to understand by avoiding complex book-keeping schemes, while maintaining the essential features of the method. The third edition features a new chapter on Euler's method, a number of new and improved examples and exercises, and programs which appear as function M-files. Numerical Methods in Engineering with MATLAB®, 3rd edition is a useful resource for both graduate students and practicing engineers.
Numerical analysis deals with the manipulation of numbers to solve a particular problem. This book discusses in detail the creation, analysis and implementation of algorithms to solve the problems of continuous mathematics. An input is provided in the form of numerical data or it is generated as required by the system to solve a mathematical problem. Subsequently, this input is processed through arithmetic operations together with logical operations in a systematic manner and an output is produced in the form of numbers. Covering the fundamentals of numerical analysis and its applications in one volume, this book offers detailed discussion on relevant topics including difference equations, Fourier series, discrete Fourier transforms and finite element methods. In addition, the important concepts of integral equations, Chebyshev Approximation and Eigen Values of Symmetric Matrices are elaborated upon in separate chapters. The book will serve as a suitable textbook for undergraduate students in science and engineering.
Written in easy to understand language, this self-explanatory guide introduces the fundamentals of finite element methods and its application to differential equations. Beginning with a brief introduction to Sobolev spaces and elliptic scalar problems, the text progresses through an explanation of finite element spaces and estimates for the interpolation error. The concepts of finite element methods for parabolic scalar parabolic problems, object-oriented finite element algorithms, efficient implementation techniques, and high dimensional parabolic problems are presented in different chapters. Recent advances in finite element methods, including non-conforming finite elements for boundary value problems of higher order and approaches for solving differential equations in high dimensional domains are explained for the benefit of the reader. Numerous solved examples and mathematical theorems are interspersed throughout the text for enhanced learning.
This introduction to finite difference and finite element methods is aimed at graduate students who need to solve differential equations. The prerequisites are few (basic calculus, linear algebra, and ODEs) and so the book will be accessible and useful to readers from a range of disciplines across science and engineering. Part I begins with finite difference methods. Finite element methods are then introduced in Part II. In each part, the authors begin with a comprehensive discussion of one-dimensional problems, before proceeding to consider two or higher dimensions. An emphasis is placed on numerical algorithms, related mathematical theory, and essential details in the implementation, while some useful packages are also introduced. The authors also provide well-tested MATLAB® codes, all available online.