Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-89b8bd64d-ksp62 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-05-11T17:54:09.565Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
Series:   Cambridge Elements in International Economics

Export Quality and Income Distribution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2023

Rajat Acharyya  and
Shrimoyee Ganguly
Rajat Acharyya
Affiliation:
Jadavpur University, Kolkata
Shrimoyee Ganguly
Affiliation:
Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Summary

Given the increasing sensitivity of buyers in the richer countries towards quality of goods they consume, low-quality exports largely constrain export-growth of the developing countries. This Element documents the attempts to estimate cross-country quality variations and reviews the demand side and supply side explanations for the low-quality phenomenon. It examines how trade policies can incentivize export-quality upgrading, and discusses the underlying channels through which a reverse causality from export-quality upon within-country income or wage inequality may develop.
Get access

Keywords

Export qualityincome distributionlow-export-quality phenomenontrade policieslabour market implications

Information

Type
Element
Information
Series: Cambridge Elements in International Economics
Online ISBN: 9781009128995
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 09 February 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Element purchase

Temporarily unavailable

Bibliography

AbdGhani, N. H., NikMat, N. K. & Sulaiman, Y. (2019). Export performance: The role of product quality and market orientation.WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 16(25), 215–25.Google Scholar
Acharyya, R. (1998). Monopoly and product quality: Separating or pooling menu? Economics Letters, 61(2), 187–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acharyya, R. (2005). Product Standards, Employment and Exports: An Analytical Study. Heidelberg: Physica/Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
Acharyya, R. & Jones, R. W. (2001). Export quality and income distribution in a small dependent economy. International Review of Economics and Finance, 10, 337–51.Google Scholar
Acharyya, R., Beladi, H. & Kar, S. (2019). Trade, migration costs and asymmetric migration patterns. World Economy, 42, 2629–48.Google Scholar
Akerlof, G. A. (1970). The market for ‘lemons’: Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), 488–500.Google Scholar
Allen, F. (1984). Reputation and product quality. RAND Journal of Economics, 15(3), 311–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amiti, M. & Khandelwal, A. K. (2009). Import Competition and Quality Upgrading. NBER Working Paper 15503. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. www.nber.org/papers/w15503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antoniades, A. (2008). Heterogeneous firms, quality, and trade. Journal of International Economics, 95(2), 263–73.Google Scholar
Anwar, S. (2009). Wage inequality, welfare and downsizing. Economics Letters, 103, 75–7.Google Scholar
Auriol, E. & Schilizzi, S. G. (2015). Quality signalling through certification in developing countries. Journal of Development Economics, 116, 105–21.Google Scholar
Bas, M. & Paunov, C. (2021). Input quality and skills are complementary and increase output quality: Causal evidence from Ecuador’s trade liberalization.Journal of Development Economics, 151(C). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102668.Google Scholar
Bas, M. & Strauss-Khan, V. (2013). Input-trade liberalization, export prices and quality upgrading. Journal of International Economics, 95(2), 250–62.Google Scholar
Bayudan-Dacuycuy, C. & Lim, J. A. (2014). Chronic and transient poverty and vulnerability to poverty in the Philippines: Evidence using a simple spells approach. Social Indicators Research, 118(1), 389–413.Google Scholar
Benkovskis, K. & Wörz, J. (2012). Non-price Competitiveness of Exports from Emerging Countries. FIW Working Paper 100. Vienna: FIW – Research Centre International Economics, Vienna. www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/121110/1/N_100.pdf.Google Scholar
Berman, N., Martin, P. & Mayer, T. (2012). How do different exporters react to exchange rate changes? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 127(1), 437–92.Google Scholar
Bernard, A. B., Redding, S. & Schott, P. (2011). Multi-product firms and trade liberalization. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126, 1271–318.Google Scholar
Berry, S. (1994). Estimating discrete-choice models of product differentiation. RAND Journal of Economics, 25(2), 242–62.Google Scholar
Bils, M. & Klenow, P. J. (2001). Quantifying quality growth. American Economic Review, 91(4), 1006–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blind, K., Mangelsdorf, A. & Pohlisch, J. (2018). The effects of cooperation in accreditation on international trade: Empirical evidence on ISO 9000 certifications. International Journal of Production Economics, 198, 50–9.Google Scholar
Bogliaccini, J. A. (2013). Trade liberalization: Deindustrialization, and inequality: Evidence from middle-income Latin American countries. Latin American Research Review, 48(2), 79–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brady, D., Kaya, Y. & Gereffi, G. (2011). Stagnating industrial employment in Latin America. Work and Occupations, 38(2), 179–220.Google Scholar
Brambilla, I. & Porto, G. (2016). High-income export destinations, quality and wages. Journal of International Economics, 98(C), 21–35.Google Scholar
Brambilla, I., Lederman, D. & Porto, G. (2012). Exports, export destinations, and skills. American Economic Review, 102(7), 3406–38.Google Scholar
Brambilla, I., Lederman, D. & Porto, G. (2019). Exporting firms and the demand for skilled tasks. Canadian Journal of Economics, 52(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12382.Google Scholar
Broda, C. & Romalis, J. (2011). Identifying the relationship between trade and exchange rate volatility. In Ito, T. & Rose, A. K., eds., Commodity Prices and Markets, East Asia Seminar on Economics, Vol. 20. Chicago, IL: National Bureau of Economic Research, pp. 79–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broda, C. & Weinstein, D. E. (2006). Globalization and the gains from variety. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121(2), 541–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruschi, V., Shershneva, K., Dolgopolova, I., Canavari, M. & Teuber, R. (2015). Consumer perception of organic food in emerging markets: Evidence from Saint Petersburg, Russia. Agribusiness, 31(3), 414–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chakraborty, B. S. & Sarkar, A. (2008). Trade, wage inequality and the vent for surplus. In Marjit, S. & Yu, E. S. H., eds., Contemporary and Emerging Issues in Trade Theory and Policy (Frontiers of Economics and Globalization, Vol. 4). Bingley: Emerald, pp. 251–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-8715(08)04013-X.Google Scholar
Chakraborty, B. S. & Sarkar, A. (2010). Trade and wage inequality with endogenous skill formation. In Basu, B., Chakravarty, S. R., Chakrabarti, B. K. & Gangopadhyay, K., eds., Econophysics and Economics of Games, Social Choices and Quantitative Techniques. New Economic Windows. Milan: Springer, pp. 306–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1501-2_30.Google Scholar
Chaudhuri, S. & Yabuuchi, S. (2008). Foreign capital and skilled-unskilled wage inequality in a developing economy with non-traded goods. In Marjit, S. & Yu, E., eds., Contemporary and Emerging Issues in Trade Theory and Policy. Bingley: Emerald, pp. 225–50.Google Scholar
Chen, M. W., Lu, C. & Tian, Y. (2021). Export price and quality adjustment: The role of financial stress and exchange rate. Economic Modelling, 96(2), 336–45.Google Scholar
Chen, N. & Juvenal, L. (2014). Quality, Trade, and Exchange Rate Pass-Through. IMF Working Paper 2014/042. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2016/12/31/Quality-Trade-and-Exchange-Rate-Pass-Through-41416.Google Scholar
Chiang, S. C. & Masson, R. (1988). Domestic industrial structure and export upgrading: A quality signaling approach. International Economic Review, 29, 261–70.Google Scholar
Clougherty, A. J. & Grajek, M. (2008). The impact of ISO 9000 diffusion on trade and FDI: A new institutional analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(4), 613–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clougherty, A. J. & Grajek, M. (2014). International standards and international trade: Empirical evidence from ISO 9000 diffusion. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 36, 70–82.Google Scholar
Commander, S., Kangasniemi, M. & Winters, L. A. (2004). The brain drain: Curse or boon? A survey of the literature. In Baldwin, R. E. & Winters, L. A., eds., Challenges to Globalization: Analyzing the Economics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 235–78.Google Scholar
Das, S. K. & Bandyopadhyay, A. (2003). Quality signals and export performance: A micro-level study, 1989–97. Economic and Political Weekly, 38(39), 4135–43.Google Scholar
Das, S. P. (2003). Trade and relative wage in a global economy. Review of International Economics, 11(2), 397–411.Google Scholar
Davis, D. (1996). Trade liberalization and income distribution. NBER Working Paper 5693. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w5693/w5693.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Comite, F., Thisse, J. & Vandenbussche, H. (2014). Verti-zontal differentiation in export markets. Journal of International Economics, 93(1), 50–66.Google Scholar
Didier, T. & Pinat, M. (2013). How Does Trade Cause Growth? West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, Global Trade Analysis Project. www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/download/6158.pdf.Google Scholar
Dongwen, T., Hu, N., Wang, X. & Huang, L. (2016). Trade margins, quality upgrading, and China’s agri-food export growth. China Agricultural Economic Review, 8(2), 277–98.Google Scholar
Donnenfeld, S. & Mayer, W. (1987). The quality of export products and optimal trade policy. International Economic Review, 28(1), 159–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dornbusch, R., Fischer, S. & Samuelson, P. A. (1977). Comparative advantage, trade, and payments in a Ricardian model with a continuum of goods. American Economic Review, 67(5), 823–39.Google Scholar
Dunu, S. E. & Ayokanmbi, F. M. (2008). The impact of ISO 9000 certification on the financial performance of organizations. Journal of Global Business Issues, 2(2), 135–44.Google Scholar
Ehrhart, H., Le Goff, M., Rocher, E. & Singh, R. J. (2014). Does Migration Foster Exports? Evidence from Africa. Policy Research Working Paper 6739. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/520651468194076878/pdf/WPS6739.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elfenbein, D. W., Fisman, R. & McManus, B. (2015). Market structure, reputation, and the value of quality certification. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 7(4), 83–108.Google Scholar
Fajgelbaum, P., Grossman, G. M. & Helpman, E. (2011). Income distribution, product quality, and international trade. Journal of Political Economy, 119(4), 721–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falvey, R. E. & Kierzkowski, H. (1987). Product quality, intra-industry trade and (im)perfect competition. In Kierzkowski, H., ed., Protection and Competition in International Trade: Essays in Honor of W. M. Corden. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 143–61.Google Scholar
Fan, H., Li, Y. A. & Yeaple, S. R. (2018). On the relationship between quality and productivity: Evidence from China’s accession to the WTO. Journal of International Economics, 110(C), 28–49.Google Scholar
Feenstra, R. (1994). New product varieties and the measurement of international prices. American Economic Review, 84(1), 157–77.Google Scholar
Feenstra, R. C. & Hanson, G. H. (1996). Foreign investment, outsourcing and relative wages. In Feenstra, R., Grossman, G. & Irwin, D., eds., Political Economy of Trade Policies: Essays in Honor of J. N. Bhagwati. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 89–127.Google Scholar
Feenstra, R. & Romalis, J. (2014). International prices and endogenous quality. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 129, 477–527.Google Scholar
Felbermayr, G. J. & Toubal, F. (2012). Revisiting the trade-migration nexus: Evidence from new OECD data. World Development, 40(5), 928–37.Google Scholar
Ferro, E. (2011). Signaling and Technological Marketing Tools for Exporters. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5547. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5547.Google Scholar
Fields, G. (1990). Labor market modeling and the urban informal sector: Theory and evidence. In Turnham, D., Salomé, B. & Schwarz, A., eds., The Informal Sector Revisited. Paris: OECD, pp. 49–69.Google Scholar
Fieler, A. C., Eslava, M. & Xu, D. Y. (2018). Trade, quality upgrading, and input linkages: Theory and evidence from Colombia. American Economic Review, 108(1), 109–46.Google Scholar
Fischer, C. (2010). Food quality and product export performance: An empirical investigation of the EU situation. Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing, 22(3–4), 210–33.Google Scholar
Flam, H. & Helpman, E. (1987). Vertical product differentiation and North–South trade. American Economic Review, 77, 810–22.Google Scholar
Gabszewicz, J. & Thisse, J. (1979). Price competition, quality and income disparities. Journal of Economic Theory, 20(3), 340–59.Google Scholar
Gabszewicz, J. & Wauthy, X. (2002). Quality underprovision by a monopolist when quality is not costly. Economics Letters, 77(1), 65–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ganguly, S. & Acharyya, R. (2020). Emigration, tax on remittances and export quality. South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance, 10(1), 1–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2277978720980236.Google Scholar
Ganguly, S. & Acharyya, R. (2021). Trade liberalization, export quality, and three dimensions of wage inequality. Review of Development Economics, 25(4), 2157–79.Google Scholar
Ganguly, S. & Acharyya, R. (2022a). Asymmetric quality effect of input trade liberalization. In Bagli, S., Chakrabarti, G. & Guha, P., eds., Persistent and Emerging Challenges to Development: Insights for Policy-Making in India. Singapore: Springer Nature, pp. 15–38.Google Scholar
Ganguly, S. & Acharyya, R. (2022b). Devaluation, export quality and employment in a small dependent economy. Journal of Economic Development, March, 47(1).Google Scholar
Genc, M., Gheasi, M., Nijkamp, P. & Poot, J. (2011). The Impact of Immigration on International Trade: A Meta-analysis. Discussion Paper No. 6145. Bonn: IZA. https://docs.iza.org/dp6145.pdf.Google Scholar
Gopinath, G. & Rigobon, R. (2008). Sticky borders. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(2), 531–75.Google Scholar
Gruen, F. H. & Corden, M. W. (1970). A tariff that worsens the terms of trade. In McDougall, I. A. & Snape, R. H., eds., Studies in International Economics. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 55–8.Google Scholar
Hallak, J. C. (2006). Product quality and the direction of trade. Journal of International Economics, 68(1), 238–65.Google Scholar
Hallak, J. C. & Schott, P. (2011). Estimating cross-country differences in product quality. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126(1), 417–74.Google Scholar
Hallak, J. C. & Sivadasan, J. (2013). Product and process productivity: Implications for quality choice and conditional exporter premia. Journal of International Economics, 91(1), 53–67.Google Scholar
Hausmann, R. & Klinger, B. (2006). Structural Transformation and Patterns of Comparative Advantage in the Product Space. Center for International Development and KSG Faculty Research Working Paper Series CID-128 and RWP06-041. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Kennedy School. www.hks.harvard.edu/publications/structural-transformation-and-patterns-comparative-advantage-product-space.Google Scholar
Hausmann, R., Hwang, J. & Rodrik, D.(2007). What you export matters. Journal of Economic Growth, 12(1), 1–25.Google Scholar
Henn, C., Papageorgiou, C. & Spatafora, N. (2013). Export Quality in Developing Countries. IMF Working Paper 13/108. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2013/wp13108.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hidalgo, C. A., Klinger, B., Barabasi, A. L. & Hausmann, R. (2007). The product space conditions the development of nations. Science, 317(5837), 482–7.Google Scholar
Hu, C., Parsely, D. & Tan, Y. (2017). Exchange Rate Induced Quality Upgrading: A Firm Level Perspective. MPRA Paper No. 80506. Munich: Munich Personal RePEc Archive. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/80506.Google Scholar
Hudson, J. & Jones, P. (2003). International trade in quality goods: Signalling problems for developing countries. Journal of International Development, 15(8), 999–1013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hui, X., Saeedi, S. & Tadelis, S. (2019). Certification, reputation and entry: An empirical analysis. Management Science, 65(12), 5449–60.Google Scholar
Hummels, D. & Klenow, P. (2005). The variety and quality of a nation’s exports. American Economic Review, 95(3), 704–23.Google Scholar
Jan-Benedict, E.M. S. (1989). Product quality: An investigation into the concept and how it is perceived by consumers. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 6, 299–304.Google Scholar
Janssen, M. & Hamm, U. (2012). Product labelling in the market for organic food: Consumer preferences and willingness-to-pay for different organic certification logos. Food Quality and Preference, 25(1), 9–22.Google Scholar
Jin, G. Z. & Leslie, P. (2003). The effect of information on product quality: Evidence from restaurant hygiene grade cards. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(2), 409–51.Google Scholar
Jones, R. W. (1965). The structure of simple general equilibrium models. Journal of Political Economy, 73, 557–72.Google Scholar
Jones, R. W. & Marjit, S. (1992). International trade and endogenous production structure. In Neufeind, W. & Riezman, R., eds., Economic Theory and International Trade: Essays in Memoriam J. Trout Rader. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 173–96.Google Scholar
Khandelwal, A. (2010). The long and short (of) quality ladders. Review of Economic Studies, 77, 1450–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein, B. & Leffler, K. B. (1981). The role of market forces in assuring contractual performance. Journal of Political Economy, 89(4), 615–41.Google Scholar
Krugman, P. R. (1979). Increasing returns, monopolistic competition, and international trade. Journal of International Economics, 9(4), 469–79.Google Scholar
Kugler, M. & Verhoogen, E. (2012). Prices, plant size, and product quality. Review of Economic Studies, 79(1), 307–39.Google Scholar
Li, H., Ma, H. & Xu, Y. (2015). How do exchange rate movements affect Chinese exports? A firm-level investigation. Journal of International Economics, 97(1), 148–61.Google Scholar
Linder, S. B. (1961). An Essay on Trade and Transformation. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wicksell.Google Scholar
Ma, Y. & Dei, F. (2009). Product quality, wage inequality, and trade liberalization. Review of International Economics, 17(2), 244–60.Google Scholar
Manova, K. & Zhang, Z. (2012). Multi-product Firms and Product Quality. NBER Working Paper No. 18637. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w18637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcouiller, D. & Young, L. (1995). The black hole of graft: The predatory state and the informal economy. American Economic Review, 85(3), 630–46.Google Scholar
Marjit, S. (2003). Economic reform and informal wage: A general equilibrium analysis. Journal of Development Economics, 72, 371–8.Google Scholar
Marjit, S. & Acharyya, R. (2003). International Trade, Wage Inequality and the Developing Countries: A General Equilibrium Approach. Heidelberg: Physica/Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Marjit, S. & Acharyya, R. (2009). Trade and wages. In Rajan, R. S. & Reinert, K., eds., Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1108–1112.Google Scholar
Marjit, S. & Beladi, H. (1999). Complementarity between import protection and import promotion. Journal of Economic Theory, 86, 280–5.Google Scholar
Marjit, S. & Kar, S. (2005). Emigration and wage inequality. Economics Letters, 88(1), 141–5.Google Scholar
Marjit, S. & Kar, S. (2011). The Outsiders: Economic Reform and Informal Labour in a Developing Economy. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Marjit, S., Ganguly, S. & Acharyya, R. (2020). Minimum wage, trade and unemployment in general equilibrium. International Journal of Economic Theory, 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijet.12264.Google Scholar
Marjit, S., Kar, S. & Beladi, H. (2007). Trade and informal wages. Review of Developmemt Economics, 11(2), 313–20.Google Scholar
Martín, L. & Rodríguez, D. (2004). Pricing to market at firm level. Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), 140(2), 302–20.Google Scholar
Maskus, K. E., Otsuki, T. & Wilson, J. S. (2005). The Cost of Compliance with Product Standards for Firms in Developing Countries: An Econometric Study. Policy Research Working Paper No. 3590. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8961.Google Scholar
Matsuyama, K. (2000). A Ricardian model with a continuum of goods under nonhomothetic preferences: Demand complementarities, income distribution, and North–South trade. Journal of Political Economy, 108(6), 1093–120.Google Scholar
McKenzie, M. D. (1999).The impact of exchange rate volatility on international trade flows. Journal of Economic Surveys, 13(1), 71–106.Google Scholar
Melitz, M. J. & Ottaviano, G. I. P. (2008). Market size, trade, and productivity. Review of Economic Studies, 75, 295–316.Google Scholar
Montiel, I., Husted, B. W. & Christmann, P. (2012). Using private management standard certification to reduce information asymmetries in corrupt environments. Strategic Management Journal, 33(9), 1103–13.Google Scholar
Murphy, K. M. & Shleifer, A. (1997). Quality and trade. Journal of Development Economics, 53, 1–15.Google Scholar
Mussa, M. & Rosen, S. (1978). Monopoly and product quality. Journal of Economic Theory, 18, 301–17.Google Scholar
Nelson, P. (1974). Advertising as information. Journal of Political Economy, 82(4), 729–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ollinger, M. & Bovay, J. (2020). Producer response to public disclosure of food-safety information. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 102(1), 186–201.Google Scholar
Ortega, D. L., Wang, H. H., Wu, L. & Olynk, N. J. (2011). Modeling heterogeneity in consumer preferences for select food safety attributes in China. Food Policy, 36(2), 318–24.Google Scholar
Peuckert, J. (204). What shapes the impact of environmental regulation on competitiveness? Evidence from executive opinion surveys. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 10, 77–94.Google Scholar
Piveteau, P. & Smagghue, G. (2019). Estimating firm product quality using trade data. Journal of International Economics, 118(C), 217–32.Google Scholar
Potoski, M. & Prakash, A. (2009). Information asymmetries as trade barriers: ISO 9000 increases international commerce. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 28(2), 221–38.Google Scholar
Rashid, S. (1988). Quality in contestable markets: A historical problem? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 103(1), 245–9.Google Scholar
Rauch, J. E. & Casella, A. (2003). Overcoming informational barriers to international resource allocation: Prices and ties. Economic Journal, 113(484), 21–42.Google Scholar
Rauch, J. E. & Trindade, V. (2002). Ethnic Chinese network in international trade. Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(1), 116–30.Google Scholar
Raychaudhuri, A., Acharyya, R., Marjit, S., Bhattacharyya, D., Rahman, M. & Tipu, M. A. (2003). Trade Potentials of South Asian Economies under the New Global Trade Regime Regime:The Role of Some Non-price Factors (Case Study of India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka). SANEI-III Project 2002-2003. Bangladesh: South Asia Network of Economic Research Institutionsin collaboration with the Centre for Policy Dialogue, Bangladesh and the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta.Google Scholar
Rodrik, D. (2006). What’s so special about China’s exports? China &World Economy, 14(5), 1–19. http://gesd.free.fr/rodrik6.pdf.Google Scholar
Rogers, C. A. & Swinnerton, K. A. (2004). A Model of Informal Sector Labor Markets. Unpublished paper.Google Scholar
Sanetra, C. & Marban, R. M. (2007). The Answer to the Global Quality Challenge: A National Quality Infrastructure. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Organization of the American States and Sistema Interamericano de Metrología. www.ptb.de/cms/fileadmin/internet/fachabteilungen/abteilung_9/9.3_internationale_zusammenarbeit/publikationen/102_National_QI/PTB_Q5_National_QI_EN.pdf.Google Scholar
Schott, P. K. (2004). Across-product versus within-product specialization in international trade. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(2), 647–78.Google Scholar
Shaked, A. & Sutton, J. (1982). Relaxing price competition through product differentiation. Review of Economic Studies, 49(1), 3–13.Google Scholar
Shapiro, C. (1983). Premiums for high quality products as returns to reputations. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 98(4), 659–80.Google Scholar
Sung, J. K. & Reinert, K. A. (2009). Standards and institutional capacity: An examination of trade in food and agricultural products. International Trade Journal, 23(1), 54–77.Google Scholar
Sutton, J. (2001). Rich Trades, Scarce Capabilities: Industrial Development Revisited. Economics of Industry Discussion Paper No. EI/28. London: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/2037/.Google Scholar
Swinnerton, K. A. (1996). Minimum wages in an equilibrium search model with diminishing returns to labor in production. Journal of Labor Economics, 14(2), 340–55.Google Scholar
Thirkell, P. C. & Dau, R. (1998). Export performance: Success determinants for New Zealand manufacturing exporters. European Journal of Marketing, 32(9–10), 813–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorbecke, W. & Smith, G. (2010). How would an appreciation of the renminbi and other East Asian currencies affect China’s exports? Review of International Economics, 18(1), 95–108.Google Scholar
Tirole, J. (1988). The Theory of Industrial Organization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Vandenbussche, H. (2014). Quality in Exports. European Economy – Economic Papers 528. Brussels: European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/.Google Scholar
Van Loo, E. J., Caputo, V., Nayga, Jr., R. M., Meullenet, J.-F. & Ricke, S. C. (2011). Consumers’ willingness to pay for organic chicken breast: Evidence from choice experiment. Food Quality and Preference, 22(7), 603–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verhoogen, E. A. (2008). Trade, quality upgrading, and wage inequality in the Mexican manufacturing sector. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(2), 489–530.Google Scholar
Wei, Y. & Balasubramanyam, V. N. (2006). Diaspora and development. World Economy, 29(11), 1599–609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wei, Y., Liu, X., Lu, J. & Yang, J. (2017). Chinese migrants and their impact on homeland development. World Economy, 40(11), 2354–77.Google Scholar
Xu, B. (2003). Trade liberalization, wage inequality and endogeneously determined non-traded goods. Journal of International Economics, 60(2), 417–31.Google Scholar
Yu, Z. (2013). Exchange Rate Pass-Through, Firm Heterogeneity and Product Quality: ATheoretical Analysis. Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute Working Paper No. 141. Dallas, TX: Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. www.dallasfed.org/assets/documents/institute/wpapers/2013/0141.pdf.Google Scholar
Zapechelnyuk, A. (2020). Optimal quality certification. American Economic Review: Insights, 2(2), 161–76.Google Scholar
Zhu, S. & Trefler, D. (2005). Trade and inequality in developing countries: A general equilibrium analysis. Journal of International Economics, 65(1), 21–48.Google Scholar

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Why this information is here

This section outlines the accessibility features of this content - including support for screen readers, full keyboard navigation and high-contrast display options. This may not be relevant for you.

Accessibility Information

Accessibility compliance for the HTML of this element is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Export Quality and Income Distribution
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Export Quality and Income Distribution
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Export Quality and Income Distribution
Available formats
×