Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x24gv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-09T08:59:03.932Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Heritage Tourism

From Problems to Possibilities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2021

Yujie Zhu
Affiliation:
Australian National University, Canberra

Summary

As one of the world's fastest growing industries, heritage tourism is surrounded by political and ethical issues. This research explores the social and political effects and implications of heritage tourism through several pertinent topics. It examines the hegemonic power of heritage tourism and its consequences, the spectre of nationalism and colonialism in heritage-making, particularly for minorities and indigenous peoples, and the paradox of heritage tourism's role in combating these issues. Drawing from global cases, the study addresses a range of approaches and challenges of empowerment within the context of heritage tourism, including cultural landscapes, intangible heritage and eco-museums. The research argues that heritage tourism has the potential to develop as a form of co-production. It can be used to create a mechanism for community-centred governance that integrates recognition and interpretation and promotes dialogue, equity and diversity.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781108914024
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 03 June 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Bibliography

Affleck, J., and Kvan, T. (2008) ‘A Virtual Community As the Context for Discursive Interpretation: A Role in Cultural Heritage Engagement’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 14(3), pp. 268–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aikawa, N. (2004) ‘An Historical Overview of the Preparation of the UNESCO International Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage’, Museum International, 56(1–2), pp. 137–49.Google Scholar
Aikawa-Faure, N. (2009) ‘From the Proclamation of Masterpieces to the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage’, in Smith, L., and Akagawa, N. (eds.), Intangible Heritage. Key Issues in Cultural Heritage. London: Routledge, pp. 1344.Google Scholar
Anderson, B. (1983) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London; New York: Verso.Google Scholar
Appadurai, A. (ed.) (1988) The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ashley, C. (2006) Participation by the Poor in [the] Luang Prabang Tourism Economy: Current Earnings and Opportunities for Expansion. London: SNV, ODI, London.Google Scholar
Ashworth, G. J., and Tunbridge, J. E. (1999) ‘Old Cities, New Pasts: Heritage Planning in Selected Cities of Central Europe’, GeoJournal, 49(1), pp. 105–16.Google Scholar
Ateljevic, I., Pritchard, A. and Morgan, N. (eds.) (2007) The Critical Turn in Tourism Studies. London; New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ball, S. J. (2013) ‘Management As Moral Technology: A Luddite Analysis’, in Ball, S. J. (ed.), Foucault and Education: Disciplines and Knowledge. London; New York: Routledge, pp. 2032.Google Scholar
Bammer, A. (ed.) (1994) Displacements: Cultural Identities in Question. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Banaszkiewicz, M., Graburn, N. and Owsianowska, S. (2017) ‘Tourism in (Post)Socialist Eastern Europe’, Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 15(2), pp. 109–21.Google Scholar
Barton, A. W., and Leonard, S. J. (2010) ‘Incorporating Social Justice in Tourism Planning: Racial Reconciliation and Sustainable Community Development in the Deep South’, Community Development, 41(3), pp. 298322.Google Scholar
Beck, L., and Cable, T. T. (2002) Interpretation for the 21st Century: Fifteen Guiding Principles for Interpreting Nature and Culture. Champaign, IL: Sagamore.Google Scholar
Beeton, S. (2006) Community Development through Tourism. Collingwood, VIC: Land Links.Google Scholar
Benson, D., and Jordan, A. (2011) ‘What Have We Learned from Policy Transfer Research? Dolowitz and Marsh Revisited’, Political Studies Review, 9(3), pp. 366–78.Google Scholar
Berkes, F., and Ross, H. (2013) ‘Community Resilience: Toward an Integrated Approach’, Society & Natural Resources, 26(1), pp. 520.Google Scholar
Best, S., and Kellner, D. (1997) The Postmodern Turn. New York; London: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Bianchi, R. V. (2009) ‘The “Critical Turn” in Tourism Studies: A Radical Critique’, Tourism Geographies, 11(4), pp. 484504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloch, N. (2016) ‘Evicting Heritage: Spatial Cleansing and Cultural Legacy at the Hampi UNESCO Site in India’, Critical Asian Studies, 48(4), pp. 556–78.Google Scholar
Boniface, P., and Fowler, P. J. (1993) Heritage and Tourism in ‘the Global Village’: New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Boorstin, D. J. (1964) The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-events in America. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Borrelli, N., and Davis, P. (2012) ‘How Culture Shapes Nature: Reflections on Ecomuseum Practices’, Nature and Culture, 7(1), pp. 3147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourdeau, L., Gravari-Barbas, M. and Robinson, M. (eds.) (2015) World Heritage, Tourism and Identity: Inscription and Co-production. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1984) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Translated by Nice, R.. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bramwell, B., and Lane, B. (2014) ‘The “Critical Turn” and Its Implications for Sustainable Tourism Research’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(1), pp. 18.Google Scholar
Britton, S. (1982) ‘The Political Economy of Tourism in the Third World’, Annals of Tourism Research, 9(3), pp. 331–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Britton, S. (1991) ‘Tourism, Capital, and Place: Towards a Critical Geography of Tourism’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 9(4), pp. 451–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruner, E. M., and Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. (1994) ‘Maasai on the Lawn: Tourist Realism in East Africa’, Cultural Anthropology, 9(4), pp. 435–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryce, D., Murdy, S. and Alexander, M. (2017) ‘Diaspora, Authenticity and the Imagined Past’, Annals of Tourism Research, 66, pp. 4960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunten, A. C., and Graburn, N. H. H. (eds.) (2018) Indigenous Tourism Movements. Toronto; Buffalo: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Camacho, M. E. M. (1996) ‘Dissenting Workers and Social Control: A Case Study of the Hotel Industry in Huatulco, Oaxaca’, Human Organization, 55(1), pp. 3340.Google Scholar
Cameron, C. M., and Gatewood, J. B. (2011) ‘Beyond Sun, Sand and Sea: The Emergent Tourism Programme in the Turks and Caicos Islands’, Journal of Heritage Tourism, 3(1), pp. 5573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, T. C. (1999) ‘Local Uniqueness in the Global Village: Heritage Tourism in Singapore’, The Professional Geographer, 51(1), pp. 91103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, E. (1985) ‘The Tourist Guide: The Origins, Structure and Dynamics of a Role’, Annals of Tourism Research, 12(1), pp. 529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, E. (1988) ‘Authenticity and Commoditization in Tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research, 15(3), pp. 371–86.Google Scholar
Cohen, E., and Cohen, S. A. (2012) ‘Current Sociological Theories and Issues in Tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research, 39(4), pp. 21772202.Google Scholar
Coles, T., and Church, A. (2007). ‘Tourism, Politics and the Forgotten Entanglements of Power’, in Church, A., and Coles, T. (eds.), Tourism, Power and Space. London: Routledge, pp. 142.Google Scholar
Colley, S. (2015) ‘Ethics and Digital Heritage’, in Ireland, T., and Schofield, J. (eds.) The Ethics of Cultural Heritage. New York: Springer, pp. 1332.Google Scholar
Corsane, G., Davis, P., Elliot, S., Maggi, M., Murtas, D. and Rogers, S. (2007) ‘Ecomuseum Evaluation: Experiences in Piemonte and Liguria, Italy’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 13(2), pp. 101–16.Google Scholar
Craik, J. (1994) ‘Peripheral Pleasures: The Peculiarities of Post-colonial Tourism’, Culture and Policy, 6(1), pp. 2131.Google Scholar
Crang, M. (1997) ‘Picturing Practices: Research through the Tourist Gaze’, Progress in Human Geography, 21(3), pp. 359–73.Google Scholar
Davis, P. (2004) ‘Ecomuseums and the Democratisation of Japanese Museology’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 10(1), pp. 93110.Google Scholar
Davis, P. (2007) ‘Ecomuseums and Sustainability in Italy, Japan and China: Concept Adaptation through Implementation’, in Knell, S., MacLeod, S. and Watson, S. (eds.), Museum Revolutions: How Museums Change and Are Changed. Routledge, pp. 198214.Google Scholar
Davis, P. (2008) ‘New Museologies and the Ecomuseum’, in Graham, B., and Howard, P. (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to Heritage and Identity. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 397414.Google Scholar
Doorne, S., Ateljevic, I. and Bai, Z. (2003) ‘Representing Identities through Tourism: Encounters of Ethnic Minorities in Dali, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China’, International Journal of Tourism Research, 5(1), pp. 111.Google Scholar
Drost, A. (1996) ‘Developing Sustainable Tourism for World Heritage Sites’, Annals of Tourism Research, 23(2), pp. 479–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Eeden, J. (2004) ‘The Colonial Gaze: Imperialism, Myths, and South African Popular Culture’, Design Issues, 20(2), pp. 1833.Google Scholar
Esfehani, M. H., and Albrecht, J. N. (2018) ‘Roles of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Tourism in Natural Protected Areas’, Journal of Heritage Tourism, 13(1), pp. 1529.Google Scholar
Evans, G. (2004) ‘Mundo Maya: From Cancún to City of Culture. World Heritage in Post-colonial Mesoamerica’, Current Issues in Tourism, 7(4–5), pp. 315–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, M. (1982) ‘The Subject and Power’, Critical inquiry, 8(4), pp. 777–95.Google Scholar
Franklin, A. (2003) Tourism: An Introduction. London;Thousand Oaks, CA;New Delhi: Sage.Google Scholar
Fraser, N. (2001) ‘Social Justice in the Knowledge Society: Redistribution, Recognition, and Participation’, in Gut zu Wissen Conference Papers. Heinrich Böll Stiftung, pp. 113.Google Scholar
Fraser, N. (2003) ‘Social Justice in the Age of Identity Politics: Distribution, Recognition, and Participation’, in Honneth, A., and Fraser, N. (eds.), Redistribution or Recognition? A Political-Philosophical Exchange. London; New York: Verso, pp. 7109.Google Scholar
Gan, D. (2009) ‘The Paradox of Eco-museum Chinalization’, Journal of Minzu University of China (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 36(2), pp. 6873.Google Scholar
Garrod, B., and Fyall, A. (2001) ‘Heritage Tourism: A Question of Definition’, Annals of Tourism Research, 28(4), pp. 1049–52.Google Scholar
Gellner, E. (1983) Nations and Nationalism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Gmelch, G. (2003) Behind the Smile: The Working Lives of Caribbean Tourism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Graburn, N. (1983). ‘The Anthropology of Tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research, 10(1), pp. 933.Google Scholar
Graburn, N. (2004) ‘Authentic Inuit Art: Creation and Exclusion in the Canadian North’, Journal of Material Culture, 9(2), pp. 141–59.Google Scholar
Graburn, N. (2015) ‘Ethnic Tourism in Rural China: Cultural or Economic Development?’, in Diekmann, A., and Smith, M. K. (eds.), Ethnic and Minority Cultures As Tourist Attractions. Bristol: Channel View Publications, pp. 176–87.Google Scholar
Graburn, N. (2018) ‘Epilogue: Indigeneity, Researchers, and Tourism’, in Bunten, A. C., and Graburn, N. H. H. (eds.), Indigenous Tourism Movements. Toronto; Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, pp. 242–58.Google Scholar
Graburn, N., and Jin, L. (2017) ‘Tourism and Museums in China’, Asian Journal of Tourism Research 2(1), pp. 135.Google Scholar
Gramsci, A. (1971) Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci. New York: International Publishers.Google Scholar
Gray, B. (1989) Collaborating: Finding Common Ground for Multiparty Problems. 1st ed. Jossey-Bass Management Series.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Greenwood, D. J. (1989) ‘Culture by the Pound: An Anthropological Perspective on Tourism As Cultural Commoditization’, in Smith, V. L. (ed.), Hosts and Guests. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 171–86.Google Scholar
Hafstein, V. T. (2004) ‘The Politics of Origins: Collective Creation Revisited’, Journal of American Folklore, 117(465), pp. 300–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hafstein, V. T. (ed.) (2009) ‘Intangible Heritage As a List: From Masterpieces to Representation’, in Smith, Laurajane and Akagawa, Natsuko (eds.), Intangible Heritage. Key Issues in Intangible Heritage. London; New York: Routledge, pp. 93111.Google Scholar
Hall, C. M. (2013) ‘Framing Tourism Geography: Notes from the Underground’, Annals of Tourism Research, 43, pp. 601–23.Google Scholar
Hall, S. (1999) ‘Un‐settling “the Heritage”, Re‐imagining the Post‐nation: Whose Heritage?’, Third Text, 13(49), pp. 313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Handler, R. (1988) Nationalism and the Politics of Culture in Quebec. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Harrison, D. (1992) ‘Tourism to Less Developed Countries: The Social Consequences’, in Harrison, D. (ed.), Tourism and the Less Developed Countries. London: Belhaven, pp. 1934.Google Scholar
Harrison, D. (2001) ‘Tourism to Less Developed Countries: Key Issues.’, in Harrison, D. (ed.), Tourism and the Less Developed Countries: Issues and Case Studies. New York: Cabi, pp. 2346.Google Scholar
Harrison, R. (2010) ‘What Is Heritage?’, in Harrison, R. (ed.), Understanding the Politics of Heritage. Manchester: Manchester University Press in association with the Open University, pp. 542.Google Scholar
Harrison, R. (2013) Heritage: Critical Approaches. Milton Park, Abingdon; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Harrison, R., and Hughes, L. (2010) ‘Heritage, Colonialism and Postcolonialism’, in Harrison, R. (ed.), Understanding the Politics of Heritage. Manchester: Manchester University Press in association with the Open University, pp. 234–69.Google Scholar
Harvey, D. (2001) ‘Heritage Pasts and Heritage Presents: Temporality, Meaning and the Scope of Heritage Studies’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 7(4), pp. 319–38.Google Scholar
Harvey, D. (2004) ‘The “New” Imperialism: Accumulation by Dispossession’, Socialist Register, 40, pp. 6387.Google Scholar
Harvey, D. (2008) ‘The History of Heritage’, in Graham, B. J., and Howard, P. (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to Heritage and Identity. Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 1936.Google Scholar
d’Hauteserre, A.-M. (2006) ‘Landscapes of the Tropics: Tourism and the New Cultural Economy in the Third World’, in Terkenli, T. S., and d’Hauteserre, A.-M. (eds.), Landscapes of a New Cultural Economy of Space. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 149–69.Google Scholar
Henderson, J. C. (2002) ‘Tourism and Politics in the Korean Peninsula’, Journal of Tourism Studies, 13(2), p. 1627.Google Scholar
Henderson, J. C. (2007) ‘Communism, Heritage and Tourism in East Asia’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 13(3), pp. 240–54.Google Scholar
Herzfeld, M. (2004) The Body Impolitic: Artisans and Artifice in the Global Hierarchy of Value. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Herzfeld, M. (2006) ‘Spatial Cleansing: Monumental Vacuity and the Idea of the West’, Journal of Material Culture, 11(1–2), pp. 127–49.Google Scholar
Herzfeld, M. (2015) ‘Heritage and the Right to the City: When Securing the Past Creates Insecurity in the Present’, Heritage & Society, 8(1), pp. 323.Google Scholar
Hewison, R. (1987) The Heritage Industry: Britain in a Climate of Decline. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Hewison, R. (1989) ‘Heritage: An Interpretation’, in Uzzell, D. L. (ed.), Heritage Interpretation: The Natural and Built Environment. London: Belhaven Press, pp. 1524.Google Scholar
Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2016) ‘Sustaining Spirit: A Review and Analysis of an Urban Indigenous Australian Cultural Festival’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(8–9), pp. 1280–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobsbawm, E. J., and Ranger, T. O. (eds.) (1983) The Invention of Tradition. Past and Present Publications. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]; New York: Cambridge University Press .Google Scholar
Hollinshead, K. (1992) ‘“White” Gaze, “Red” People – Shadow Visions: The Disidentification of “Indians” in Cultural Tourism’, Leisure Studies, 11(1), pp. 4364.Google Scholar
Holtorf, C. (2015) ‘Averting Loss Aversion in Cultural Heritage’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 21(4), pp. 405–21.Google Scholar
Holtorf, C. (2018) ‘Embracing Change: How Cultural Resilience Is Increased through Cultural Heritage’, World Archaeology, 50(4), pp. 639–50.Google Scholar
Hom, S. M. (2015) The Beautiful Country: Tourism and the Impossible State of Destination Italy. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Howard, P. (2002) ‘The Eco-museum: Innovation That Risks the Future’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 8(1), pp. 6372.Google Scholar
Io, M.-U. (2013) ‘Testing a Model of Effective Interpretation to Boost the Heritage Tourism Experience: A Case Study in Macao’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(6), pp. 900–14.Google Scholar
Iorio, M., and Corsale, A. (2013) ‘Diaspora and Tourism: Transylvanian Saxons Visiting the Homeland’, Tourism Geographies, 15(2), pp. 198232.Google Scholar
Jamal, T. (2019) Justice and Ethics in Tourism. Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
de Jong, F. (2016) ‘A Masterpiece of Masquerading: Contradictions of Conservation in Intangible Heritage’, in de Jong, F., and Rowlands, M. (eds.), Reclaiming Heritage. 1st edn. Routledge, pp. 161–84.Google Scholar
Jordan, L.-A., and Jolliffe, L. (2013) ‘Heritage Tourism in the Caribbean: Current Themes and Challenges’, Journal of Heritage Tourism, 8(1), pp. 18.Google Scholar
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. (1998) Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kurin, R. (2004) ‘Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage in the 2003 UNESCO Convention: A Critical Appraisal’, Museum International, 56(1–2), pp. 6677.Google Scholar
Lähdesmäki, T., Thomas, S. and Zhu, Y. (eds.) (2019) Politics of Scale: New Directions in Critical Heritage Studies. New York: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Laverack, G., and Wallerstein, N. (2001) ‘Measuring Community Empowerment: A Fresh Look at Organizational Domains’, Health Promotion International, 16(2), pp. 179–85.Google Scholar
Leask, A., and Fyall, A. (eds.) (2006) Managing World Heritage Sites. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.Google Scholar
Leiper, N. (1979) ‘The Framework of Tourism: Towards a Definition of Tourism, Tourist, and the Tourist Industry’, Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), pp. 390407.Google Scholar
Lewis, P. (1979) ‘Axioms for Reading the Landscape: Some Guides to the American Scene’. In Meinig, D. (ed.), The Interpretation of Ordinary Landscapes. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 1132.Google Scholar
Li, Y., Hu, Z. Y. and Zhang, C. Z. (2010) ‘Red Tourism: Sustaining Communist Identity in a Rapidly Changing China’, Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 8(1–2), pp. 101–19.Google Scholar
Light, D. (2000) ‘Gazing on Communism: Heritage Tourism and Post-communist Identities in Germany, Hungary and Romania’, Tourism Geographies, 2(2), pp. 157–76.Google Scholar
Light, D. (2015) ‘Heritage and Tourism’, in Waterton, E., and Watson, S. (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Contemporary Heritage Research. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 144–58.Google Scholar
Logan, W. S., and Reeves, K. (eds.) (2009) Places of Pain and Shame: Dealing with ‘Difficult Heritage’. Key Issues in Cultural Heritage. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lowenthal, D. (2015) The Past Is a Foreign Country Revisited. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyons, M., Smuts, C. and Stephens, A. (2001) ‘Participation, Empowerment and Sustainability:(How) Do the Links Work?’, Urban Studies, 38(8), pp. 1233–51.Google Scholar
MacCannell, D. (1976) The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. New York: Schocken Books.Google Scholar
Macdonald, S. (2006) ‘Mediating Heritage: Tour Guides at the Former Nazi Party Rally Grounds, Nuremberg’, Tourist Studies, 6(2), pp. 119–38.Google Scholar
Macdonald, S. (2013) Memorylands: Heritage and Identity in Europe Today. London;New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Macdonald, S. (2015) ‘Is “Difficult Heritage” Still “Difficult”? Why Public Acknowledgment of Past Perpetration May No Longer Be so Unsettling to Collective Identities’, Museum International, 67(1–4), pp. 622.Google Scholar
Marschall, S. (2009) Landscape of Memory: Commemorative Monuments, Memorials and Public Statuary in Post-apartheid South Africa. Leiden;Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
McIntosh, A. J., and Prentice, R. C. (1999) ‘Affirming Authenticity: Consuming Cultural Heritage’, Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3), pp. 589612.Google Scholar
Meskell, L. (2019) ‘Heritage, Gentrification, Participation: Remaking Urban Landscapes in the Name of Culture and Historic Preservation’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 25(9), pp. 996–8.Google Scholar
Modlin, E. A. Jr, Alderman, D. H. and Gentry, G. W. (2011) ‘Tour Guides As Creators of Empathy: The Role of Affective Inequality in Marginalizing the Enslaved at Plantation House Museums’, Tourist Studies, 11(1), pp. 319.Google Scholar
Mookherjee, N. (2011) ‘The Aesthetics of Nations: Anthropological and Historical Approaches’, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 17, pp. 120.Google Scholar
Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., Causevic, S. and Minnaert, L. (2018) ‘Ten Years of Critical Tourism Studies: Reflections on the Road Less Traveled’, Tourism Analysis, 23(2), pp. 183–7.Google Scholar
Moscardo, G. (1996) ‘Mindful Visitors: Heritage and Tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research, 23(2), pp. 376–97.Google Scholar
Moscardo, G. (2011) ‘Exploring Social Representations of Tourism Planning: Issues for Governance’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(4–5), pp. 423–36.Google Scholar
Mosedale, J. (2006) ‘Tourism Commodity Chains: Market Entry and Its Effects on St Lucia’, Current Issues in Tourism, 9(4–5), pp. 436–58.Google Scholar
Mosedale, J. (2010) Political Economy and Tourism: A Critical Perspective. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Nagaoka, M. (2015) ‘“European” and “Asian” Approaches to Cultural Landscapes Management at Borobudur, Indonesia in the 1970s’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 21(3), pp. 232–49.Google Scholar
Nakano, R., and Zhu, Y. (2020). ‘Heritage As Soft Power: Japan and China in International Politics’, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 26(7), 869–81.Google Scholar
Nash, D. (1978) ‘Tourism As a Form of Imperialism’, in Smith, V. L. (ed.), Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 3752.Google Scholar
Nash, D. (1989) ‘Tourism As a Form of Imperialism’, in Smith, V. L. (ed.), Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism. Second edition. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 3752.Google Scholar
Niewiadomski, P. (2020) ‘COVID-19: From Temporary De-globalisation to a Re-discovery of Tourism?’, Tourism Geographies, 22(3), pp. 16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nitzky, W. (2012) ‘Mediating Heritage Preservation and Rural Development: Ecomuseum Development in China’, Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, 41(2/3/4), pp. 367417.Google Scholar
Nora, P. (1989) ‘Between Memory and History: Les lieux de mémoire’, Representations, 26, pp. 724.Google Scholar
Notar, B. E. (2006) Displacing Desire: Travel and Popular Culture in China. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.Google Scholar
Nuñez, T. A. (1963) ‘Tourism, Tradition, and Acculturation: Weekendismo in a Mexican Village’, Ethnology, 2(3), pp. 347–52.Google Scholar
Nuryanti, W. (1996) ‘Heritage and Postmodern Tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research, 23(2), pp. 249–60.Google Scholar
Nyíri, P. (2006) Scenic Spots: Chinese Tourism, the State, and Cultural Authority. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Oakes, T. S. (1993) ‘The Cultural Space of Modernity: Ethnic Tourism and Place Identity in China’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 11(1), pp. 4766.Google Scholar
Palmer, C. (1998) ‘From Theory to Practice: Experiencing the Nation in Everyday Life’, Journal of Material Culture, 3(2), pp. 175–99.Google Scholar
Palmer, C., and Tivers, J. (eds.) (2019). Creating Heritage for Tourism. London; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Pedwell, C. (2012) ‘Affective (self-) Transformations: Empathy, Neoliberalism and International Development’, Feminist Theory, 13(2), pp. 163–79.Google Scholar
Perrons, D. (1999) ‘Reintegrating Production and Consumption, or Why Political Economy Still Matters’, in Munck, R., and O’Hearn, D. (eds.), Critical Development Theory: Contributions to a New Paradigm. London: Zed Books, pp. 91112.Google Scholar
Poria, Y., Biran, A. and Reichel, A. (2009) ‘Visitors’ Preferences for Interpretation at Heritage Sites’, Journal of Travel Research, 48(1), pp. 92105.Google Scholar
Porter, B. W., and Salazar, N. B. (2005) ‘Heritage Tourism, Conflict, and the Public Interest: An Introduction’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 11(5), pp. 361–70.Google Scholar
Pretes, M. (2003) ‘Tourism and Nationalism’, Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), pp. 125–42.Google Scholar
Pritchard, A., and Morgan, N. (2007) ‘De-centring Tourism’s Intellectual Universe, or Traversing the Dialogue between Change and Tradition’, in Ateljevic, I., Pritchard, A. and Morgan, N. (eds.), The Critical Turn in Tourism Studies. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 1128.Google Scholar
Reisinger, Y., and Steiner, C. (2006) ‘Reconceptualising Interpretation: The Role of Tour Guides in Authentic Tourism’, Current Issues in Tourism, 9(6), pp. 481–98.Google Scholar
Richards, G. (2007) ‘Culture and Authenticity in a Traditional Event: The Views of Producers, Residents, and Visitors in Barcelona’, Event Management, 11(1–2), pp. 3344.Google Scholar
Rico, T. (2016) Constructing Destruction: Heritage Narratives in the Tsunami City. London;New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ross, M. (2015) ‘Interpreting the New Museology’, Museum and Society, 2(2), pp. 84103.Google Scholar
Rössler, M. (1995) ‘UNESCO and Cultural Landscape Protection.’ In von Droste, B., Plachter, H. and Rössler, M. (eds.), Cultural Landscapes of Universal Value: Components of a Global Strategy. Jena: Gustav Fischer in cooperation with UNESCO, pp.42–9.Google Scholar
Said, E. W. (1978) Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Said, E. W. (1993) Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage Books (Random House).Google Scholar
Saito, H. (2016) The History Problem: The Politics of War Commemoration in East Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.Google Scholar
Salazar, N. B. (2010) ‘The Glocalisation of Heritage through Tourism’, in Labadi, S., and Long, C. (eds.), Heritage and Globalisation. London: Routledge, pp. 131–45.Google Scholar
Salazar, N. B., and Zhu, Y. (2015) ‘Heritage and Tourism’, in Meskell, L. (ed.), Global Heritage: A Reader. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 240–58.Google Scholar
Samuel, R. (1994) Theatres of Memory: Past and Present in Contemporary Culture. London; New York: Verso.Google Scholar
Sang, Y. (2009) ‘1979: Huang Shan, Selling Scenery to the Bourgeoisie: An Oral History Account of Chinese Tourism, 1949–1979’, China Heritage Quarterly, 18, n.p.Google Scholar
Schein, L. (1997) ‘Gender and Internal Orientalism in China’, Modern China, 23(1), pp. 6998.Google Scholar
Scherle, N., and Nonnenmann, A. (2008) ‘Swimming in Cultural Flows: Conceptualising Tour Guides As Intercultural Mediators and Cosmopolitans’, Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 6(2), pp. 120–37.Google Scholar
Schmitt, T. M. (2008) ‘The UNESCO Concept of Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage: Its Background and Marrakchi Roots’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 14(2), pp. 95111.Google Scholar
Schofield, J. (ed.) (2016) Who Needs Experts? Counter-mapping Cultural Heritage. London; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Seaton, A. V. (2001) ‘Sources of Slavery – Destinations of Slavery: The Silences and Disclosures of Slavery Heritage in the UK and US’, International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 2(3–4), pp. 107–29.Google Scholar
Shackley, M. (2004) ‘Tourist Consumption of Sacred Landscapes Space, Time and Vision’, Tourism Recreation Research, 29(1), pp. 6773.Google Scholar
Shumway, N. (1991) The Invention of Argentina. Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Silberman, N. A. (2012) ‘Heritage Interpretation and Human Rights: Documenting Diversity, Expressing Identity, or Establishing Universal Principles?’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 18(3), pp. 245–56.Google Scholar
Simpson, L., Wood, L. and Daws, L. (2003) ‘Community Capacity Building: Starting with People not Projects’, Community Development Journal, 38(4), pp. 277–86.Google Scholar
Sinclair-Maragh, G., and Gursoy, D. (2015) ‘Imperialism and Tourism: The Case of Developing Island Countries’, Annals of Tourism Research, 50, pp. 143–58.Google Scholar
Skounti, A. (2009) ‘The Authentic Illusion: Humanity’s Intangible Cultural Heritage, the Moroccan Experience’, in Smith, L., and Akagawa, N. (eds.), Intangible Heritage. London; New York: Routledge, pp. 7492.Google Scholar
Smith, L. (2006) Uses of Heritage. London;New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Smith, L., and Akagawa, N. (eds.) (2009) Intangible Heritage. London; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Smith, L., Wetherell, M. and Campbell, G. (eds.). (2018). Emotion, Affective Practices, and the Past in the Present. London; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sodaro, A. (2011) ‘Politics of the Past: Remembering the Rwandan Genocide at the Kigali Memorial Centre’, in Lehrer, E., Milton, C. E. and Patterson, M. E. (eds.), Curating Difficult Knowledge. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 7288.Google Scholar
Sofield, T. H., and Li, F. M. S. (1998) ‘Tourism Development and Cultural Policies in China’, Annals of Tourism Research, 25(2), pp. 362–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staiff, R. (2016) Re-imagining Heritage Interpretation: Enchanting the Past-Future. London; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Steiner, L., and Frey, B. S. (2012) ‘Correcting the Imbalance of the World Heritage List: Did the UNESCO Strategy Work?’, Journal of International Organizations Studies, 3(1), pp. 2540.Google Scholar
Stovel, H. (2005) ‘Introduction’, in Stovel, H., Stanley-Price, N. and Killick, R. (eds.), Conservation of Living Religious Heritage. Rome: ICCROM Conservation Studies, pp. 111.Google Scholar
Theodossopoulos, D. (2013) ‘Emberá Indigenous Tourism and the Trap of Authenticity: Beyond Inauthenticity and Invention’, Anthropological Quarterly, 86(2), pp. 397425.Google Scholar
Theodossopoulos, D. (2018) ‘Indigenous Tourism As a Transformative Process: The Case of the Emberá in Panama’, in Bunten, A. C., and Graburn, N. H. H. (eds.), Indigenous Tourism Movements. Toronto; Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, pp. 99116.Google Scholar
Timothy, D. J. (1999) ‘Participatory Planning: A view of Tourism in Indonesia’, Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), pp. 371–91.Google Scholar
Timothy, D. J. (2007) ‘Empowerment and Stakeholder Participation in Tourism Destination Communities’, in Church, A., and Coles, T. (eds.), Tourism, Power and Space. London: Routledge, pp. 199216.Google Scholar
Timothy, D. J. (2011) Cultural Heritage and Tourism: An Introduction. Bristol; Buffalo; Toronto: Channel View Publications.Google Scholar
Timothy, D. J., and Boyd, S. W. (2003) Heritage Tourism. Harlow: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Timothy, D. J., and Boyd, S. W. (2006) ‘Heritage Tourism in the 21st Century: Valued Traditions and New Perspectives’, Journal of Heritage Tourism, 1(1), pp. 116.Google Scholar
Timothy, D. J., and Tosun, C. (2003) ‘Appropriate Planning for Tourism in Destination Communities: Participation, Incremental Growth and Collaboration’, in Tourism in Destination Communities. Cabi, pp. 181204.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, J. (1991) Cultural Imperialism: A Critical Introduction. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Towner, J. (1985) ‘The Grand Tour: A Key Phase in the History of Tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research, 12(3), pp. 297333.Google Scholar
Tribe, J. (2007) ‘Critical Tourism: Rules and Resistance’, in In Ateljevic, I., Morgan, N. and Pritchard, A. (eds.), The Critical Turn in Tourism Studies: Innovative Research Methodologies. Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 2940.Google Scholar
Tribe, J. (2008) ‘Tourism: A Critical Business’, Journal of Travel Research, 46(3), pp. 245–55.Google Scholar
Tucker, H. (2016) ‘Empathy and Tourism: Limits and Possibilities’, Annals of Tourism Research, 57, pp. 3143.Google Scholar
Tunbridge, J. E., and Ashworth, G. J. (1996) Dissonant Heritage: The Management of the Past As a Resource in Conflict. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Turner, P., Turner, S. and Carroll, F. (2005) ‘The Tourist Gaze: Towards Contextualised Virtual Environments’, in Turner, P., and Davenport, E. (eds.), Spaces, Spatiality and Technology. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 281–97.Google Scholar
UNESCO (1992) ‘Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention’. Available at: http://whc.unesco.org/archive/out/guide92.htm.Google Scholar
UNESCO (2003) ‘Text of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage’. Available at: https://ich.unesco.org/en/convention.Google Scholar
UNESCO (2019) Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. Paris: World Heritage Centre.Google Scholar
UNWTO (2018) UNWTO Tourism Highlights: 2018Edition. Madrid: UNWTO.Google Scholar
Urry, J. (1990) The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies (Theory, Culture & Society). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Vecco, M. (2010) ‘A Definition of Cultural Heritage: From the Tangible to the Intangible’, Journal of Cultural Heritage, 11(3), pp. 321–4.Google Scholar
Wang, N. (1999) ‘Rethinking Authenticity in Tourism Experience’, Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), pp. 349–70.Google Scholar
Waterton, E., and Smith, L. (2010) ‘The Recognition and Misrecognition of Community Heritage’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 16(1–2), pp. 415.Google Scholar
Wergin, C. (2012) ‘Trumping the Ethnic Card: How Tourism Entrepreneurs on Rodrigues Tackled the 2008 Financial Crisis’, Island Studies Journal, 7(1), pp. 119–34.Google Scholar
Wergin, C. (2016) ‘Dreamings beyond “Opportunity”: The Collaborative Economics of an Aboriginal Heritage Trail’, Journal of Cultural Economy, 9(5), pp. 488506.Google Scholar
Wilson, M., Ballard, C. and Kalotiti, D. (2011) ‘Chief Roi Mata’s Domain: Challenges for a World Heritage Property in Vanuatu’, Historic Environment, 23(2), pp. 511.Google Scholar
Wilson, M., Ballard, C., Matanik, R. and Warry, T. (2012) Community As the First C: Conservation and Development through Tourism at Chief Roi Mata’s Domain, Vanuatu. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).Google Scholar
Winter, T. (2009) ‘The Modernities of Heritage and Tourism: Interpretations of an Asian Future’, Journal of Heritage Tourism, 4(2), pp. 105–15.Google Scholar
Winter, T. (2014) ‘Heritage Studies and the Privileging of Theory’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 20(5), pp. 556–72.Google Scholar
Wollentz, G. (2017) ‘Making a Home in Mostar: Heritage and the Temporalities of Belonging’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 23(10), pp. 928–45.Google Scholar
Wood, R. E. (1984) ‘Ethnic Tourism, the State, and Cultural Change in Southeast Asia’, Annals of Tourism Research, 11(3), pp. 353–74.Google Scholar
Wood, R. E. (1997) ‘Tourism and the State: Ethnic Options and Constructions of Otherness’, in Picard, M., and Wood, R. E. (eds.), Tourism, Ethnicity, and the State in Asian and Pacific Societies. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, pp. 134.Google Scholar
Wright, P. (2009) On Living in an Old Country: The National Past in Contemporary Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Xiao, H., Jafari, J., Cloke, P. and Tribe, J. (2013) ‘Annals: 40–40 Vision’, Annals of Tourism Research, 40(1), pp. 352–85.Google Scholar
Young, I. M. (1990) Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Zeppel, H., and Muloin, S. (2008) ‘Aboriginal Interpretation in Australian Wildlife Tourism’, Journal of Ecotourism, 7(2–3), pp. 116–36.Google Scholar
Zhu, Y. (2012) ‘Performing Heritage: Rethinking Authenticity in Tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research, 39(3), pp. 14951513.Google Scholar
Zhu, Y. (2015) ‘Cultural Effects of Authenticity: Contested Heritage Practices in China’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 21(6), pp. 594608.Google Scholar
Zhu, Y. (2018a) Heritage and Romantic Consumption in China. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar
Zhu, Y. (2018b) ‘Lifestyle Mobility: Shifting Conception of Home in Modern China’, International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, 6(4), 357374.Google Scholar
Zhu, Y. (2020) ‘Memory, Homecoming and the Politics of Diaspora Tourism in China’, Tourism Geographies, 118.Google Scholar
Zhu, Y., Jin, L. and Graburn, N. (2017). ‘Domesticating Tourism Anthropology in China’, American Anthropologist, 119(4), 730–5.Google Scholar
Zhu, Y., and Maags, C. (2020) Heritage Politics in China: The Power of the Past. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Zwigenberg, R. (2014) Hiroshima: The Origins of Global Memory Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Heritage Tourism
  • Yujie Zhu, Australian National University, Canberra
  • Online ISBN: 9781108914024
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Heritage Tourism
  • Yujie Zhu, Australian National University, Canberra
  • Online ISBN: 9781108914024
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Heritage Tourism
  • Yujie Zhu, Australian National University, Canberra
  • Online ISBN: 9781108914024
Available formats
×