Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-g8tfn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-30T18:56:48.965Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Progress in X-Ray Fluorescence Correction Methods Using Scattered Radiation*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

K. K. Nielson
K. K. Nielson*
Affiliation:
Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352
Get access

Extract

This paper reviews x-ray fluorescence (XRF) matrix correction methods which use scattered radiation and discusses their typical analytical applications. It also discusses some of the underlying assumptions of these methods and thus provides a basis for estimating their merits and limitations in quantitative analytical applications.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Advances in X-Ray Analysis , Volume 22: Twenty-Seventh Annual Conference on Applications of X-ray Analysis, August 1-4, 1978 , 1978 , pp. 303 - 315
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 1978

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

Footnotes

*

This work supported by US DOE Contract EY-76-C-06-1830.

References

1. Andermann, G. and Kemp, J. W., “Scattered X-Rays as Internal Standards in X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy,” Anal. Chem. 30, No. 8 , 1306-1309 (1958).Google Scholar
2. Lytle, F. W., Dye, W. B. and Seim, H. J., “Determination of Trace Elements in Plant Material by Fluorescent X-Ray Analysis,” Advances in X-Ray Anal. 5, 433–446 (1962).Google Scholar
3. Shenberg, C., Haim, A. B. and Amiel, S., “Accurate Determination of Copper in Mixtures and Ores by Radioisotope-Excited X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometric Analysis Using Peak Ratios,” Anal. Chem. 45, 1804-1808 (1973).Google Scholar
4. Clark, B. C. and Baird, A. K., “Ultraminiature X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer for In-Situ Geochemical Analysis on Mars,” Earth and Planetary Science Letters 19, 359–368 (1973).Google Scholar
5. Nicholson, W.A.P. and Hall, T. A., “X-Ray Fluorescence Microanalysis of Thin Biological Specimens,” J. of Physics 6, 1781-1784 (1973).Google Scholar
6. Clark, N. H. and Pyke, J. G., “The Determination of Uranium in Exploration Samples by X-Ray Emission Spectrometry,” Anal. Chem. Acta 58, 234–237 (1972).Google Scholar
7. Shenberg, C. and Saadia, Amiel, “ Critical Evaluation of Correction Methods for Interelement Effects in X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis Applied to Binary Mixtures,” Anal. Chem. 46, No. 11, 1512-151 6 (1974).Google Scholar
8. Boyd, B. R. and Dryer, H. T., “Analysis of Nonmetallics by X-Ray Fluorescence Techniques,” Develop. Appl. Spectrosc. 2, 335–349 (1963).Google Scholar
9. Burkhalter, P. G., “Radioisotopic X-Ray Analysis of Silver Ores Using Compton Scatter for Matrix Compensation,” Anal. Chem. 43, 10–17 (1971).Google Scholar
10. Shenberg, C. and Amiel, S., “Analytical Significance of Peaks and Peak Ratios in X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis Using a High Resolution Semiconductor Detector,” Anal. Chem. 43, 1025-1030 (1971).Google Scholar
11. Clark, N. H. and Mitchell, R. J., “Scattered Primary Radiation as an Internal Standard in X-Ray Emission Spectrometry; Use in the Analysis of Copper Metallurgical Products,” X-Ray Spectrom. 2, 47–55 (1973).Google Scholar
12. Larson, J. A., Short, M. A., Bonfiglio, S. and Allie, W., “An X-Ray Fluorescence Technique for the Analysis of Lead in Gasoline,” X-Ray Spectrom. 3, 125–129 (1974).Google Scholar
13. Hansel, J. M. and Martell, C. J., “Automated Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Determination of Trace Elements in Stream Sediments,” LA-6869-MS, June 1977.Google Scholar
14. Stever, K. R., Johnson, J. L. and Heady, H. H., “X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Tungsten-Molybdenum Metals and Electrolytes,” Adv. X-Ray Anal. 4, 474–487 (1961).Google Scholar
15. Cullen, T. J., “Coherent Scattered Radiation Internal Standardization in X-ray Spectrometric Analysis of Solutions,” Anal. Chem. 34, 812–814 (1962).Google Scholar
16. Cullen, T. J., “X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis of Alloyed Copper,” Develop. Appl. Spectrosc. 3, 97–103 (1964).Google Scholar
17. Stulov, B. A., “Determination of the Change in the Chemical Composition of a Solid During X-Ray Spectral Fluorescence Analysis of Pulp,” Ind. Lab. 36, 1184-1187 (1970).Google Scholar
18. Champion, K. P., Taylor, J. C. and Whittem, R. N., “Rapid X-Ray Fluorescence Determination of Traces of Strontium in Samples of Biological and Geological Origin,” Anal. Chem. 38, 109–112 (1966).Google Scholar
19. James, G. W., “Parts-per-Mil1 ion Determinations of Uranium and Thorium in Geologic Samples by X-ray Spectrometry,” Anal. Chem. 49, 967–969 (1977).Google Scholar
20. Kalman, Z. H. and Heller, L., “Theoretical Study of X-Ray Fluorescent Determination of Traces of Heavy Elements in a Light Matrix--Application to Rocks and Soils,” Anal. Chem. 34, 946–951 (1962).Google Scholar
21. Reynolds, R. C., “Matrix Corrections in Trace Element Analysis by X-ray Fluorescence: Estimation of the Mass Absorption Coefficient by Compton Scattering,” Am. Mineral. 43, 1133-1143 (1963).Google Scholar
22. Reynolds, R. C., “Estimation of Mass Absorption Coefficients by Compton Scattering: Improvements and Extensions of the Method,” Am. Mineral. 52, 1493-1502 (1967).Google Scholar
23. Walker, D., “Behavior of X-ray Mass Absorption Coefficients Near Absorption Edges: Reynolds’ Method Revisited” Am. Mineral. 58, 1069-1072 (1973).Google Scholar
24. Bazan, F. and Bonner, N. A., “Absorption Corrections for X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Environmental Samples,” Advances in X-ray Anal. 19, 381–390 (1976).Google Scholar
25. Franzini, M., Leoni, L. and Saitta, M., “Determination of the Xray Mass Absorption Coefficient by Measurement of the Intensity of Ag Ka Compton Scattered Radiation,” X-ray Spectrom. 5, 84–87 (1976).Google Scholar
26. Leoni, L. and Saitta, M., “Matrix Effect Corrections by Ag Ka Compton Scattered Radiation in the Analysis of Rock Samples for Trace Elements,” X-ray Spectrom. 6, 181–186 (1977).Google Scholar
27. Feather, C. E. and Willis, J. P., “A Simple Method for Background and Matrix Correction of Spectral Peaks in Trace Element Determination by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry,” X-ray Spectrom. 5, 41–48 (1976).Google Scholar
28. Giauque, R. D., Goulding, F. S., Jaklevic, J. M. and Pehl, R. H., “Trace Element Determination with Semiconductor Detector X-ray Spectrometers,” Anal. Chem. 45, 671–681 (1973).Google Scholar
29. Van Espen, P. and Adams, F., “Evaluation of a Practical Background Calculation Method in X-ray Energy Analysis,” X-ray Spectrom. 5, 123–128 (1976).Google Scholar
30. Giauque, R. D., Garrett, R. B. and Goda, L. Y., “Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for Determination of Twenty-Six Trace and Two Major Elements in Geochemical Specimens,” Anal. Chem. 49, 52–67 (1977).Google Scholar
31. Ryland, A. L., “A General Approach to the X-ray Spectroscopic Analysis of Samples of Low Atomic Number,” 147th Natl. Meeting, ACS, Philadelphia, April, 1964.Google Scholar
32. Carman, C. O., “X-ray Fluorescent Determination of Major Constituents in Multielement Matrices by the Use of Coherent to Incoherent Scattering Ratios,” Develop. Appl. Spectros. 5, 45–58 (1966).Google Scholar
33. Reed, D. J. and Gillieson, A. H., “X-ray Fluorescence Applied to the On-Stream Analysis of Sulphide Ore Fractions,” X-ray Spectrom. 1, 69–80 (1972).Google Scholar
34. Reed, D. J., Dalton, J. L. and Gillieson, A. H., “The On-Stream Analysis of Hematite Ore Fractions Using Radioisotopes,” X-ray Spectrom. 3, 15–20 (1974).Google Scholar
35. Hietala, M. and Viitanen, J., “A Radioisotope On-Stream Analyzer for the Mining Industry,” Adv. X-ray Anal. 21, 133–205 (1978).Google Scholar
36. Gurvich, Y. H., Mezhevich, A. N., Plotnikov, R. I., Rogachev, I. M. and Smagunova, A. N., “Comparison of Calculation Methods for Ore Slurry Density in X-ray Spectrometric Analysis,” Apparat. Meth. X-ray Anal. 14, 43–52 (1974).Google Scholar
37. Zeitz, L., “X-ray Emission Analysis in Biological Specimens”, in Earle, K. M. and Tousimis, A. J., Editors, X-ray and Electron Probe Analysis in Biomedical Research, p. 35-73 (1969).Google Scholar
38. Ong, P. S., Cheng, E. L., Sroka, G., “Use of Multiple Standards for Absorption Correction and Quantitation with Frieda,” Advan. X-ray Anal. 17, 269–278 (1974).Google Scholar
39. Cox, H. L. and Ong, P. S., “Sample Mass Determination Using Compton- and Total Scattered Excitation Radiation for Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescent Analysis of Trace Elements in Soft Tissue Specimens,” Med. Phys. 4, 99–108 (1977).Google Scholar
40. Jaklevic, J. M., French, W. R., Clarkson, T. W. and Greenwood, M. R., “X-ray Fluorescence Analysis Applied to Small Samples,” Advan. in X-ray Anal. 21, 171–185 (1978).Google Scholar
41. Van Espen, P. and Adams, F., “Tube-Excited Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Analysis--Part II. Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Particulate Material,” Analytica Chim. Acta 75, 61–85 (1974).Google Scholar
42. Nielson, K. K. and Garcia, S. R., “Use of X-ray Scattering in Absorption Corrections for X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Aerosol Loaded Filters,” Advan. in X-ray Anal. 20, 497–506 (1977).Google Scholar
43. Compton, A. H. and Allison, S. K., “X-rays in Theory and Experiment,” New York, Van Nostrand, Inc. (1935).Google Scholar
44. Dwiggins, C. W. Jr., “Quantitative Determination of Low Atomic Number Elements Using Intensity Ratio of Coherent to Incoherent Scattering of X-rays, Determination of Hydrogen and Carbon,” Anal. Chem. 33, 67–70 (1961).Google Scholar
45. Kunzendorf, H., “Quick Determination of the Average Atomic Number 7 by X-ray Scattering,” Nucl. Inst. Meth. 99, 611–612. (1972).Google Scholar
46. Fookes, R. A., Gravitis, V. L. and Watt, J. S., “Determination of Iron in High-Grade Iron Ore and of Lead in Lead Concentrate by Compton Scattering of 60 keV γ-rays from241Am,“ Anal. Chem. 47, 589–591 (1975).Google Scholar
47. Nielson, K. K., “Matrix Corrections for Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Environmental Samples with Coherent/ Incoherent Scattered X-rays,” Anal. Chem. 49 641–648 (1977).Google Scholar
48. McMaster, W. H., Del Grande, N. K., Mallett, J. H. and Hubbell, J. H., “Compilation of X-ray Cross Sections,” UCRL-50174, Sec. II, Rev. 1 (1969).Google Scholar
49. Taylor, D. L. and Andermann, G., “Evaluation of Soft and Hard Scattered X-rays as an Internal Standard for Light Element Analysis,” Advan. X-ray Anal. 13, 80–93 (1970).Google Scholar
50. Taylor, D. L. and Andermann, G., “Evaluation of an Isolated Atom Model in the Use of Scattered Radiation for Internal Standardization in X-ray Fluorescence Analysis,” Anal. Chem. 43, 712–716 (1971).Google Scholar
51. Taylor, D. L. and Andermann, G., “Quantitative Evaluation o f Degree of Internal Standardization in X-ray Fluorescence Analysis Using Scattered X-rays,” Appl. Spectros. 27, 352–355 (1973).Google Scholar