Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-75dct Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-16T02:13:44.824Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Crystal Chemistry of Stable and Metastable (Rapidly Quenched) B-Metal Alloy Phases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

Bill C. Giessen*
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Get access

Abstract

The crystal structures of elements and alloy phases in the B-metal region (B2(Zn) to B5(As) groups) have been classified into phase fields determined by their position in the periodic table. The limited number of equilibrium phases with element-like, disordered crystal structures and of extended terminal solid solutions has been more than doubled by the addition of metastable phases produced by ultra-rapid quenching from the melt (splat cooling). Strong structural correlations exist. Some high pressure phases have been included; in some cases, a qualitative discussion from the viewpoint of pseudopotential theory is given.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 1968

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Harrison, W. A., “Pseudopotentials in the Theory of Metals”, W.A. Benjamin, Inc., New York, 1966.Google Scholar
2. Heine, V. and Weaire, D., “Structure of Di-and Trivalent Metals”, Phys. Rev. 152: 603611, 1966.Google Scholar
3. Hodges, C. H., “The Theory of Stacking-Fault Energies in Close-Packed Metals”, Phil. Mag. 15: 371392, 1967.Google Scholar
4. Hansen, M., “Constitution of Binary Alloys”, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1958.Google Scholar
5. Elliott, R. P., “Constitution of Binary Alloys, First Supplement”, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1965.Google Scholar
6. Duwez, P., Willens, R. H., and Klement, W. Jr., “Continuous Series of Solid Solutions in Silver - Copper Alloys”, J. Appl. Phys. 31: 11361137, 1960.Google Scholar
7. Falkenhagen, G. and Hofmann, W., “Die Auswirkung extrem hoher Abkuehlungsgeschwindigkeit auf die Estarrung und das Gefuege binaerer Legierungen”, Z. Met. 43: 6981, 1952.Google Scholar
8. Duwez, P., “Metastable Phases Obtained by Rapid Quenching from the Liquid State”, Progr. in Solid State Chemistry, 3(8): 377406, 1966.Google Scholar
9. Duwez, P., “Structure and Properties of Alloys Rapidly Quenched from the Liquid State”, Trans. ASM 60: 607633, 1967.Google Scholar
10. Giessen, B. C., “Rapidly Quenched (Splat Cooled) Alloys”, in: J.J. Burke, N.L. Reed, V. Weiss, Eds., “Strengthening Mechanisms, Metals and Ceramics”, Proc. 12th Sagamore Army Materials Research Conf., Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, N.Y., 1966, p. 273-290.Google Scholar
11. Giessen, B. C., “Constitution of Non-Equilibrium Alloys After Rapid Quenching from the Melt”, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., 1968.Google Scholar
12. Predecki, P., Mullendore, A. W., and Grant, N. J., “A Study of the Splat Cooling Technique”, Trans. TMS-AIME 233 : 15811586, 1965.Google Scholar
13. Ruhl, R. C., “Cooling Rates in Splat Cooling”, Mat. Sc. and Eng. 1: 313320, 1967.Google Scholar
14. Giessen, B. C., Morris, M. and Grant, N. J., “Metastable Indium-Bismuth Phases Produced by Rapid Quenching”, Trans. TMS-AIME 239: 883889, 1967.Google Scholar
15. Giessen, B. C., Wolff, U., and Grant, N. J., “Metastable Simple Cubic Phases Based on Sb and Bi”, Trans. TMS-AIME 242: 597602, 1968.Google Scholar
16. Giessen, B. C. and Wang, R., “The Crystal Structure of Metastable Au7 Bi8“ to be published.Google Scholar
17. Kane, R. H., Giessen, B. C., and Grant, N. J., “New Metastable Phases in Binary Tin Alloy Systems”, Acta Met. 14: 605609, 1966.Google Scholar
18. Jena, A. K., Giessen, B. C., Bever, M. B., and Grant, N. J., “The Metastability of Gold-Antimony Phases Prepared by Splat Cooling”, Acta Met. 16: 10471051, 1968.Google Scholar
19. Giessen, B. C., Wolff, O., and Grant, N. J., “The Metastable System Ga-Al and the Atomic Volume of Twelvefold Coordinated Ga”, J. Appl. Cryst. 1: 3035, 1968.Google Scholar
20. Srivastava, P. K., Giessen, B. C., and Grant, M. J., “New Metastable Electron Phases in Binary B-Metal Alloys”, Acta Met. 16, 1968, in print.Google Scholar
21. Predecki, P., Giessen, B. C., and Grant, N.J., “New Metastable Alloy Phases of Gold, Silver and Aluminum”, Trans TMS-AIME 233: 14381439, 1965.Google Scholar
22. Itagaki, M., Giessen, B. C., and Grant, N.J., “Supersaturation in Rapidly Quenched Al-Rich Al-Si Alloys”, Trans. ASM 61: 330335, 1968.Google Scholar
23. Hiraga, K., Koiwa, M., and Hirabayashi, M., “Constitution of the Indium-Rich Portion of the Indium-Magnesium System”, J. Less Comm. Met. 15: 109119, 1968.Google Scholar
24. Giessen, B.C., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., unpublished results.Google Scholar
25. Baker, J. and Cahn, J.W., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., private communication.Google Scholar
26. Adler, P.N. and Margolin, H., “The Thallium-Indium System at Elevated Pressures and Temperatures”, Acta Met. 14: 16451658, 1966.Google Scholar
27. Giessen, B. C., Ferris, G., and Grant, N. J., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., unpublished results.Google Scholar
28. Schubert, K., “Kristallstrukturen zweikomponentiger Phasen”, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1964.Google Scholar
29. Vitek, J., Giessen, B. C., and Grant, N. J., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., unpublished results.Google Scholar
30. Borromee-Gautier, C., Giessen, B. C.,and Grant, N.J., “Metastable Phases in the Pb-Sb and Pb-Bi Systems”, J. Chem. Phys. 48: 19051911, 1968.Google Scholar
31. Ruhl, R.C., Giessen, B. C., Cohen, M., and Grant, N. J., “Metastable b.c.c.Phases in the V-Ni and Ni-In Systems”, Mat. Sc. and Eng. 2: 314319, 1967/68.Google Scholar
32. Giessen, B.C., Kane, R.H., and Grant, N.J., “A Metastable Intermediate Phase in the System Indium - Indium Antimony”, Nature 207: 854855, 1965.Google Scholar
33. Raynor, G.V. and Lee, J.A., “The Tin-Rich Intermediate Phases in the Alloys of Tin with Cadmium, Indium, and Mercury”, Acta Met. 2: 616620, 1954.Google Scholar
34. Giessen, B.C., Borromee-Gautier, C., and Grant, N.J., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., unpublished results.Google Scholar
35. Luo, H.L. and Klement, W. Jr., “Metastable Simple Cubic Structures in Gold-Tellurium and Silver- Tellurium Alloys”, J. Chem. Phys. 36: 18701874, 1962.Google Scholar
36. Curien, H., Rirrtsky, A. and Defrain, A., “Structure atomique d'une phase cristalline du gallium, instable à la pression atraospherique”, Bull. Soc. franc. Miner. Crist. 84: 260264, 1961.Google Scholar
37. Vereshchagin, L.F., Kobalkina, S.S., and Troitskaya, Z.V., “Effect of High Pressure on the Structure of Ga and In”, Sov. Phys, Doklady 9: 894896, 1965.Google Scholar
38. Austin, B.J. and Heine, V., “ Pseudo potentials, the Sizes of Atoms and Their s-p Splittings”, J. Chem. Phys. 45: 928933, 1966.Google Scholar
39. Hume-Rothery, W. and Raynor, G.V., “The Structure of Metals and Alloys”, The Institute of Metals, London, 1962, p. 55.Google Scholar
40. Klement, W. Jr. and Jayaraman, A., “Phase Relations and Structures of Solids at High Pressures”, Progr. in Solid State Chemistry 3(7): 289376, 1966.Google Scholar
41. Barnett, J.D., Bean, V.E., and Hall, H.T., “X-Ray Diffraction Studies on Tin to 100 Kilobars”, J. Appl. Phys. 37: 875877, 1966.Google Scholar