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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 March 2019
From pole figure data, the orientation of a crystallographic direction R in any reference direction Q in a sample can be quantitatively expressed by the average <cos2σ>, where σ is the angle between Q and R in a crystal. In general, <cos2σ> can be evaluated in terms of the experimental averages <cos2ϕhkl> whereϕhkl is the angle between Q and the normal to the (hkl) planes. The number of independent <cos2ϕhkl> measurements needed varies from one to five depending on the crystal system, hkl indices, and other factors discussed. Experimental techniques found useful for measuring <cos2φ> are described.