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Review of microwave techniques used in the manufacture and fault detection of aircraft composites

Part of: Smart Aircraft International Symposium on Smart Aircraft 2019 Collection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 October 2020

Z. Li Open the ORCID record for Z. Li [Opens in a new window] ,
P. Wang ,
A. Haigh ,
C. Soutis  and
A. Gibson
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Abstract

Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation commonly used for telecommunications, navigation and food processing. More recently microwave technologies have found applications in fibre-reinforced polymer composites, which are increasingly used in aircraft structures. Microwave energy can be applied with low power (up to milliwatts) for non-destructive testing and high power (up to kilowatts) for heating/curing purposes. The state-of-the-art applications at high power include curing, three-dimensional (3D) printing, joining and recycling, whereas low-power microwave techniques can provide quality checks, strain sensing and damage inspection. Low-power microwave testing has the advantage of being non-contact, there is no need for surface transducers or couplants, it is operator friendly and relatively inexpensive; high-power microwave energy can offer volumetric heating, reduced processing time and energy saving with no ionising hazards. In this paper the recent research progress is reviewed, identifying achievements and challenges. First, the critical electromagnetic properties of composites that are closely related to the heating and sensing performance are discussed. Then, representative case studies are presented. Finally, the trends are outlined, including intelligent/automated inspection and solid-state heating.

Keywords

microwave energyfibre-reinforced compositesnon-destructive testingmanufacturingrecycling

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Type
Survey Paper
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 125 , Issue 1283 , January 2021 , pp. 151 - 179
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal Aeronautical Society.

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