^{page 31 note 1} The phonograph was invented by Edison in 1877. It was used in ethnological field-work in 1891 by W. Fewkes who worked with Zũni-Indians; these records were transcribed by Gilman, B. J. (Journ. Amer. Archaeol. and Ethnol., i, 1891).Google Scholar

^{page 31 note 2} Phonographic outfits in boxes for tropical use can be had on hire from the Berliner Phonogramm Archiv, Schloss, Berlin C 2, or bought from the Photossentrale Wira G. m. b. H., Karlstr. 33, Berlin N.W. 6, for 200-300 marks.

^{page 32 note 1} Cf. Pöch, R., Sitzungsber. d. Wiener Akad. d. Wiss., Matbem.-naturw. Kl., Abt. II, 126, 3, 1917.Google Scholar

^{page 32 note 2} Melos; 1921, Heft 9 (‘Musikal. Exotismus’).

^{page 33 note 1} Stumpf, C., Anfänge der Musik, Leipzig, 1911, S. 69 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 33 note 2} ‘Phonogr. Methoden’, Abderbaldens Handb. d. biolog. Arbeitsmethoden, 1923.Google Scholar

^{page 36 note 1} Gilman, B. F., Journ. of Amer. Archaeol., v, 1908Google Scholar; Jabrb. d. Musikbibl. Peters, 19, 1913.Google Scholar

^{page 35 note 2} Abraham, O., Psycholog. Forschung, 4, I, 1923CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Handb. d. Physik, hrsg. v. Geiger u. Scheel, Bd. 8, Kap. 9.

^{page 35 note 3} Abraham, O. u. Hornbostel, E. M. v., Ztschr.f. Psychol., 98, 233, 1925.Google Scholar

^{page 35 note 4} Handbuch d. Physiol., hrsg. v. Bethe u. a., Bd. II, 714, 1926.

^{page 39 note 1} Czekanowski, Wiss. Ergebnisse d. D. Zentr.-Afrika-Exped., 1907-8, VII, 379 ff., Leipzig, 1918.

^{page 41 note 1} Anthropos, iv. 781 ff., 1909, Ex. I.

^{page 41 note 2} Bull, de I'Acad. d. Sciences de Cracovie, Sc. nat., 1910, 711 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 43 note 1} The texts of the songs registered by the missionary Herr Bachmann have been identified from the records by a native catechist. The help of a Native is the only way of obtaining the words and adjusting them to the tunes after the original performance. The texts have been examined and translated by Professor Dr. B. Struck.

^{page 45 note 1} In Czekanowski, I.c., No. 17.

^{page 45 note 2} In another version of the same song (Czekanowski, No. 3) it is left to the solo.

^{page 46 note 1} Lachmann, R., Ber. über d. Musikwiss. Kongress, Wien, 1927.Google Scholar

^{page 48 note 1} Handb. der Piystk, hrsg. v. Geiger & Scheel, Bd. 8, Kap. 9.

^{page 49 note 1} Zeitschr. f. Ethnol., 43, 601, 1911.Google Scholar

^{page 55 note 1} Examples from Togo in Schönhärl, J., Volkskundliches aus Togo, Dresden und Leipzig (Koch), 1909.Google Scholar

^{page 56 note 1} Stumpf, C., Zeitschr. f. Psychol, 94, 1, 1923.Google Scholar

^{page 56 note 2} Translation according to Meinhof.

^{page 57 note 1} Cf. also Father Schmidt, W., Anthropos, i. 70, 1906.Google Scholar

^{page 61 note 1} Internat. Review of Missions, 15, 748, 1926.Google Scholar

^{page 61 note 2} A negro brass band instituted by the German missionaries at Usambara and left to themselves during the war added to their repertoire European street songs which the negro conductor had picked up from an Indian merchant's gramophone records (in D. ev. Missions-Kalender, 1928, pp. 104 ff.).Google Scholar

^{page 61 note 1} Meinhof, C., D. Dichtung d. Afrikaner, 109 f., Berlin, 1910.Google Scholar

^{page 62 note 1} This is what Th. Rühl, S.V.D., is thinking of in his noteworthy paper, ‘Die missionarische Akkommodation’, Zeitschriftf. Missionsrviss., 17, 113 ff., 1927.Google Scholar

^{page 62 note 2} This has been tried repeatedly and successfully, see Rühl, I.e., 123.

^{page 62 note 3} The question whether these three essential elements are admissible in Roman Catholic rites is discussed by Rühl, l.c., 125.