Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-x4r87 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T21:17:23.292Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Dissident perspectives on Zimbabwe's post-Independence war

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

Extract

A much neglected perspective on Zimbabwe's post-independence war is that held by its insurgents, the so-called dissidents. The experience of dissidents has been little explored, in part because of the difficulty of doing so until recently but also because scholars and journalists have analysed post-1980 violence primarily in terms of the political interests of either ZAPU or ZANU-PF, Zimbabwe's dominant nationalist parties, or the South African state. No account has sought to explore the motives, goals and organisation of the dissidents themselves; the how-and-whys of the turn to war have remained obscure. Though dissidents' views are often as partisan as those of their detractors, focusing on the perspectives of the dissidents allows a substantial reinterpretation of the war and its aftermath. From the dissidents' point of view, post-Unity politics is bitterly disappointing: they say Unity is meaningful only for the national leaders. Unity has not overcome the political tribalism of the 1980s nor has it brought an end to economic hardship. Though the dissidents' perspective on Zimbabwe's post-independence war is unique in many ways, the stress on the unresolved wrongs of the 1980s—continued developmental neglect, the lack of restitution or even recognition for losses and suffering, the failures to make peace with the High God of Njelele and the spirits—finds a much wider resonance within Matabeleland as a whole.

Résumé

Parmi les diverses perspectives sur la guerre de post-indépendance au Zimbabwe, il en est une fort négligée: celle de ses insurgés, les nommés dissidents. L'expérience de ces dissidents a été très peu étudiée, en partie en raison de la difficulté de le faire jusqu'à une période récente, mais aussi parce que les chercheurs et les journalistes ont analysé la violence d'après 1980 principalement en termes des intérêts politiques du ZAPU et du ZANU-PF, les deux partis nationalistes dominants au Zimbabwe, ou de l'Afrique du Sud. Aucune étude n'a cherché à explorer les motivations, les objectifs et l'organisation des dissidents; le pourquoi et le comment du déclenchement de la guerre sont demeurés obscurs. Bien que les opinions des dissidents soient souvent aussi partisanes que celles de leurs détracteurs, l'examen des perspectives des dissidents donne matière à une réinterprétation importante de la guerre. Du point de vue des dissidents, la politique de post-Unité est amèrement décevante: selon eux, l'Unité n'a de sens que pour les responsables nationaux. L'Unité n'a pas permis de résoudre les problèmes de tribalisme politique des années 80, et n'a pas non plus mis fin aux difficultés économiques. Bien que la perspective des dissidents sur la guerre de post-indépendance au Zimbabwe soit unique à de nombreux égards, l'insistance sur les problèmes non résolus des années 80, comme l'indifférence à l'égard du développement, le manque de restitution voire même de reconnaissance des pertes et des souffrances, ou l'échec de paix avec le Dieu Tout-Puissant de Njele et les esprits, a éveillé des résonances plus larges dans tout le Matabeleland.

Type
Listening to losers after conflict
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Watch, Africa. 1989. Zimbabwe: a break with the past? New York: Africa Watch.Google Scholar
Alexander, J. 1991. ‘The unsettled land: the politics of land redistribution in Matabeleland, 1980–90’, Journal of Southern African Studies 17 (4), 581610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, J. and McGregor, J.. 1996. ‘Democracy, Development and Political Conflict: rural institutions in Matabeleland North after independence’. Paper presented at the International Conference on the Historical Dimensions of Democracy and Human Rights in Zimbabwe, Harare, September.Google Scholar
Alexander, J. and Ranger, T.. Forthcoming. ‘Competition and integration in the religious history of northwest Zimbabwe’, Journal of Religion in Africa.Google Scholar
Auret, D. 1992. Reaching for Justice: the Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace, 1972–92. Gweru: Mambo Press.Google Scholar
Barnes, T. 1995. ‘The heroes' struggle: life after the liberation war for four excombatants in Zimbabwe’, in Bhebe, N. and Ranger, T. (eds), Soldiers in Zimbabwe's Liberation War. London: James Currey.Google Scholar
Brickhill, J. 1995. ‘Daring to storm the heavens: the military strategy of ZAPU, 1976–79’, in Bhebe, N. and Ranger, T. (eds), Soldiers in Zimbabwe's Liberation War. London: James Currey.Google Scholar
Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace/Legal Resources Foundation. 1997. Breaking the Silence, Building True Peace: a report on the disturbances in Matabeleland and the Midlands, 1980 to 1988. Harare: CCJP/LRF.Google Scholar
Cliffe, L. Mpofu J., and Munslow, B. 1980. ‘Nationalist politics in Zimbabwe: the 1980 elections and beyond’, Review of African Political Economy 18, 4467.Google Scholar
Dabengwa, D. 1995. ‘Zipra in the Zimbabwe war of national liberation’, in Bhebe, N. and Ranger, T. (eds), Soldiers in Zimbabwe's Liberation War. London: James Currey.Google Scholar
Engel, U. 1994. The Foreign Policy of Zimbabwe. Hamburg: Institut fur Afrika-Kunde.Google Scholar
‘“Gukurahundi”—ten years later’. 1992. Zimbabwe Defence Forces Magazine 7 (1).Google Scholar
Hanlon, J. 1986a. Apartheid's Second Front: South Africa's war against its neighbours. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Hanlon, J. 1986b. Beggar your Neighbour: apartheid power in southern Africa. London: Catholic Institute of International Relations.Google Scholar
Hodder-Williams, R. 1983. Conflict in Zimbabwe: the Matabeleland problem, Conflict Studies 151. London: Institute for the Study of Conflict.Google Scholar
Lawyers' Committee for Human Rights. 1986. Zimbabwe: wages of war. New York: LCHR.Google Scholar
Mafu, H. 1995. ‘The 1991–92 Zimbabwean drought and some religious reactions’, Journal of Religion in Africa 25 (3), 288308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makambe, E. P. 1992. Marginalising the Human Rights Campaign: the dissident factor and the politics of violence in Zimbabwe, 1980–87. Lesotho: Institute of Southern African Studies.Google Scholar
Martin, D., and Johnson, P. 1986. ‘Zimbabwe: apartheid's dilemma’, in Martin, D. and Johnson, P. (eds), Destructive Engagement: southern Africa at war. Harare: Zimbabwe Publishing House.Google Scholar
Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunications. 1984. A Chronicle of Dissidency in Zimbabwe. Harare: Government Printer.Google Scholar
Moorcraft, P., and McLaughlin, P. 1982. Chimurenga! The war in Rhodesia, 1965–80. Marshalltown: Sygma/Collins.Google Scholar
Nkomo, J. 1984. The Story of my Life. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Ranger, T. 1986. ‘Bandits and guerrillas: the case of Zimbabwe’, in Crummey, D. (ed.), Banditry, Rebellion and Social Protest in Africa. London: James Currey.Google Scholar
Ranger, T. 1989. ‘The Politics of Prophecy in Matabeleland’. Paper presented to the fifth Satterthwaite Colloquium on African Religion and Ritual, 1821 April.Google Scholar
Seeger, A. 1986. ‘Revolutionary armies of Africa: Mozambique and Zimbabwe’, in Baynham, S. (ed.), Military Power and Politics in Black Africa. London and Sydney: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Spring, W. 1986. The Long Fields: Zimbabwe since independence. Basingstoke: Pickering & Inglis.Google Scholar
Werbner, R. 1977. Regional Cults. London: African Studies Association.Google Scholar
Werbner, R. 1991. Tears of the Dead: the social biography of an African family. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, for the International African Institute.Google Scholar