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Kinship, Friendship, and Business Failure among Market Sellers in Monrovia, Liberia, 19701

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2012

Extract

This paper discusses the intertwining of the obligations among close friends and kin and the firms of market sellers in Monrovia, Liberia. The literature on entrepreneurship in Africa in many respects has been a debate on the relation between kinship obligations and the relative success of entrepreneurs. Based on data gathered during the early 1950s (e.g. Bauer, 1963: 7–8; Dorjahn, 1962), a consensus of sorts was reached by the early 1960s (e.g. Hunter, 1962: 140) holding that kinship obligations were either drains on the capital of entrepreneurs or hindered capital accumulation. At worst, such obligations were regarded as the primary cause of business failure among African entrepreneurs. At best, they were considered to be the main reason for the lack of growth in firms run by African entrepreneurs. Data gathered since the mid 1960s, however, have run counter to these earlier assessments. Rather than suggesting that kinship obligations were threats to entrepreneurs, these studies (e.g. Isaac, 1969,1971; Jones, 1969; Nafziger, 1969) made the points that such obligations had little to do with business failure, and, especially in the early stages of growth (cf. Benedict, 1968), were often critical to the success achieved by an entrepreneur. In making these points, however, relatively little attention has been paid to explaining why kinship and equivalent obligations are, on balance, beneficial for the entrepreneurs investigated. In over-all agreement with these recent studies, the data from Monrovia illustrate procedures through which entrepreneurs achieve the balance between demands and assistance determining the role—beneficial or detrimental—kinship and equivalent obligations play in their businesses.

Résumé

PARENTÉ, AMITIÉ ET INSUCCÈS DANS LES AFFAIRES PARMI LES VENDEURS DE MARCHÉ À MONROVIA, LIBÉRIA, 1970

Parmi les études récentes sur l'Afrique tropicale, des données provenant de Monrovia vont à l'encontre de celles qui furent recueillies dans les années 50: ces dernières établissaient que les liens de parenté soit favorisaient la circulation des capitaux des entrepreneurs africains, soit au contraire aidaient à constituer une augmentation de capital. Ainsi les vendeurs de marché à Monrovia considéraient les obligations les liant à leurs parents, leurs amis et ‘leurs bons clients’ comme avantageuses. Les parents leur fournissaient le capital nécessaire pour devenir entrepreneurs et les amis leur enseignaient les techniques commerciales nécessaires. L'aide fournie par les parents et les amis soulageait le vendeur d'une partie des dépenses quotidiennes et des charges entraînées par les ventes sur les marchés. L'aide qu'apportent les relations des ‘bons clients’ est une sorte de contrôle; elle permet d'obtenir des approvisionnements et de réaliser des ventes. Du fait que, cependant, ces relations ne soient pas toujours efficaces, l'auteur se pose la question de savoir par ailleurs, ce en quoi elles sont profitables et quelles sont leurs relations avec la mévente.

Les marchands de marché à Monrovia échouent dans certaines affaires soit à cause d'une mauvaise gestion, soit à cause du contrôle excessif exercé par leur parenté, et ceci sur les points suivants: (1) contrôle exercé sur l'apport de capitaux (par exemple: les prêts sont consentis seulement quand ils sont possibles; (2) nature réciproque des obligations vis-à-vis de la famille impliquant la nécessité d'établir un équilibre entre les demandes d'aide et l'assistance; (3) contrainte exercée par les parents et amis non commerçants pout l'établissement d'entreprises.

Type
Research Article
Information
Africa , Volume 43 , Issue 4 , October 1973 , pp. 288 - 301
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1973

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