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The local state in post-war Mozambique: political practice and ideas about authority

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

Extract

The article explores the ways in which post-independence political practices in Mozambique's rural areas have shaped attitudes towards official authority, and considers the legacy of those attitudes for the recently promulgated Municipalities Law. The law will transfer a range of state functions to elected district institutions, and grant a greater role to ‘traditional authorities’ (chiefs). Mozambican officials and academics see the law—and decentralisation more widely—as a means of making the state more efficient and more responsive to local needs. However, drawing on case study material from Manica Province, the article argues that neither the Frelimo party-state, nor the opposition military movement Renamo, inculcated a political practice which prepared the way for democratic demands. Nor are chiefs likely to represent community interests effectively. In Manica's rural areas ‘local leaders’ such as businessmen, political party leaders, chiefs and church leaders strongly associate official authority with a level of wealth and education that they do not possess, and which consequently exclude them from holding such positions. They also see elections as potentially destabilising. While there is a strong popular desire for chiefs to resume various roles, officials (and chiefs themselves) usually see their future in terms of a late colonial model, i.e. as an extension of administrative authority. Academic literature on democratisation and civil society often posits an opposition between state and civil society, and democratic aspirations within civil society. However, local attitudes towards authority in Manica Province were strongly based in the history of political practice, and are not necessarily sympathetic to democratic ideals. Nor is there a clear opposition between what has often been called ‘civil society’ and the state: individuals moved in and out of association with official authority; leaders of ‘civil society’ often sought to become part of, not to oppose, the state.

Résumé

Cet article explore la manière dont les pratiques politiques après l'indépendance en milieu rural au Mozambique ont façonné les attitudes envers les autorités officielles, et considère l'effet que ces attitudes ont eu sur la Loi des Municipalités qui a été récemment promulguée. La loi transfèrera une gamme des fonctions de l'Etat à des institutions élues au niveau des districts, et donnera un rôle plus important aux autorités traditionnelles (les chefs). Les officiels et universitaires du Mozambique voient la loi—et plus généralement la décentralisation—comme un moyen de rendre l'Etat plus efficace et plus sensitif aux besoins locaux. Cependant, se basant sur les données d'études de cas dans la province de Manica, cet article affirme que ni le parti au pouvoir ni le mouvement militaire de l'opposition Renamo ont inculqué des pratiques politiques qui auraient préparé la route pour des demandes démocratiques. Il est aussi peu probable que les chefs représentent efficacement les intêrets de la communauté.

Dans le milieu rural de Manica, les leaders locaux tels que les hommes d'affaires, les dirigeants des partis politiques, les chefs, et les leaders de l'église associent fortement l'autorité officielle avec un niveau de richesse et d'éducation qu'ils ne possèdent pas, et qui par conséquent les exclu de ces positions. Ils voient aussi les élections comme étant potentiellement déstabilisantes. Tandis qu'il y a un fort désir populaire pour que les chefs reprennent leurs divers rôles, les officiels (et les chefs eux-mêmes) voient habituellement leur futur selon un model colonial, c'est à dire en tant qu'une extension de l'autorité administrative.

Type
The local and the state
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1997

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