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Angola

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2021

Douglas L. Wheeler
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Extract

I would like to thank the Subcommittee for inviting me to testify before it on the subject of Angola.

In this presentation I shall make six major points. Briefly, and in summary, they are the following: one, the historical record in Angola, both remote and recent, suggests that there are deep roots to the current political fragmentation and conflict in that country and that, even under good conditions, political unity and stable government will be difficult to establish. Two, the Alvor Agreement, signed on January 15, 1975, between Portugal and the three major Angolan nationalist parties is, on paper, a masterful piece of diplomacy and compromise; its provisions should be studied and enforced.

Information

Type
Southern Africa andUnited States Policy in the 1970s
Information
African Issues , Volume 5 , Issue 3 , Fall 1975 , pp. 21 - 23
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 1975 

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References

Notes

1 For material on Angolan nationalism, see John, Marcum, The Angolan Revolution (MIT Press, 1969), vol. 1 Google Scholar; and Douglas L., Wheeler and Rene, Pelissier, Angola (New York, 1971), Chapters IV-XIGoogle Scholar.

2 The full text of the Alvor Agreement is included in a special appen dix to this paper in the Senate printed version of the testimony.

3 MPLA—Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola; UNITA— National Union for the Total Independence of Angola; FNLA— National Front for the Liberation of Angola.

4 For full provisions of the Treaty’s Chapter IV, see special appendix in the Senate printed version of this testimony.

5 See interview of General Silva, Cardosa, Expresso (Lisbon), May 17, 1975 Google Scholar.

6 Ibid., pp. 18-19.

7 As cited in Conor Cruise, O’Brien, To Katanga and Back. A UN case history, (New York, 1966 ed.), p. 60 (from doc. S/4426)Google Scholar.

8 The text of Senator Humphrey’s letter and Secretary of State Kissin ger’s reply is found in: Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, The Complex of United States-Portuguese Relations: Before and after the Coup (Hearings Before the Sub committee on Africa .. . Ninety-Third Congress; Second Session (March 14, October 8, 9, and 22, 1974) U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1974), pp. 239-240.) For one view on American policy toward Southern Africa, see my article on that subject in The Christian Science Monitor (Aug. 1, 1974), and a piece in Issue: A Quarterly Journal of Africanist Opinion (IV, No. 2; Summer, 1974), pp. 4-8 with maps.