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Law, Race and Color in South Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2017

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Extract

The word "apartheid" does not appear anywhere in the South African statute book, and a keen observer would be hard put to discover its existence anywhere in the formal texts which make up the law. Yet apartheid is deeply embedded in the law of South Africa.

In a country in which neither the content nor the administration of the law has ever been free from racial overtones, twenty-five years of continuous rule by the National Party Government have seen to it that the ideology of segregation has been translated into a formidable pattern of legalized racial discrimination. This pattern is to be observed throughout the entire apparatus of the South African legal system. It is written into the constitution and reflected in the legislature. It is a major constituent of the statute law of the country, and decisions as to the manner in which legislation is to be implemented make up a significant proportion of the case law. Apartheid has involved and influenced both the composition and the conduct of the courts, just as it has affected the legal profession and the teaching of law.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 1974 

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References

1 Mathews, A.S., Law, Order and Liberty in South Africa (University of California Press, 1972), p. 302.Google Scholar

2 Leslie Rubin, Apartheid in Practice, United Nations OPI/428.

3 Albie, Sachs, Justice in South Africa (Sussex University Press, 1973), pp. 165166.Google Scholar

4 van den Berghe, Pierre L., “Racial Segregation in South Africa,“ Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines 6 (1966), pp. 408418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

5 Barend van, Niekerk, “Police in apartheid society,” Law, Justice and Society: Report of the SPRO-CAS Legal Commission (Johannesburg, 1972), p. 57.Google Scholar

6 During 1971, of a total police force of more than 35,000 of whom some 15,000 were black, only 21 of these were Lieutenants.

7 1950 (3) SA 126 (AD).

8 Act No. 49 of 1953.

9 Act No. 64 of 1956.

10 There are no African lawyers practicing in the Orange Free State, in the Transvaal outside Johannesburg, or in the “tribal areas” outside the Transkei.

11 See van Niekerk, B., “Hanged by the Neck Until You are Dead. . .,“86 South African Law Journal, part IV (1969) at p. 457 Google Scholar, and 87 South African Law Journal, part I (1970) at p. 60ff.

12 Commentaries ad Pandectas 1.3.5.

13 Speech reported in the Tijdskrif vir Hedendaagse Romeins Hollands Reg (1967), p. 101.

14 Act No. 44 of 1950, as amended.

15 Act No. 34 of 1960.

16 General Law Amendment Act, No. 76 of 1962, section 2 1 .

17 Act No. 83 of 1967.

18 For an examination of the provisions of this legislation, see Elizabeth S. Landis, Repressive Legislation of the Republic of South Africa, United Nations, ST/PSCA/SER.A/7. The role of the courts in the implementation of these and other repressive laws is examined in A.S. Mathews, Law, Order and Liberty in South Africa.

19 See M. Millner, “Eclipse of a Judiciary: The South African Position , “ International and Comparative Law Quarterly (1962), p. 886ff. See also Richard, Falk, Erosion of the Rule of Law in South Africa (International Commission of Jurists, Geneva, 1968).Google Scholar

20 See “Liberal Heritage of the Law” in Law, Justice and Society: Report of the SPRO-CAS Legal Commission (above), p. 27.

21 Mr. Timol was the nineteenth detainee to die while being held for questioning under powers derived from the Terrorism Act.

22 Proclamation 400.

23 Act No. 38 of 1927, now called the Bantu Administration Act.

24 Act No. 3 of 1953.

25 Act No. 56 of 1955.

26 Act No. 37 of 1963, section 17.

27 Section 215 bis.

28 See Rousseau v. Sachs, 1964(2) SA 551 and S. v. Heyman 1966(4) SA 598.

29 Heribert, Adam, Modernizing Racial Domination (University of California Press, 1971), p. 48.Google Scholar