Hostname: page-component-89b8bd64d-ksp62 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-05-07T16:22:41.823Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Whither design space?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2006

ROBERT F. WOODBURY  and
ANDREW L. BURROW
ROBERT F. WOODBURY
Affiliation:
School of Interactive Arts and Technology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
ANDREW L. BURROW
Affiliation:
Spatial Information Architecture Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Design space exploration is a long-standing focus in computational design research. Its three main threads are accounts of designer action, development of strategies for amplification of designer action in exploration, and discovery of computational structures to support exploration. Chief among such structures is the design space, which is the network structure of related designs that are visited in an exploration process. There is relatively little research on design spaces to date. This paper sketches a partial account of the structure of both design spaces and research to develop them. It focuses largely on the implications of designers acting as explorers.

Keywords

Design Space ExplorationKnowledge RepresentationSearchState SpaceTyped Feature Structures

Information

Type
KEYNOTE ARTICLE
Information
AI EDAM , Volume 20 , Issue 2 , May 2006 , pp. 63 - 82
Copyright
© 2006 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Adelaide University. (2002). The Architecture Games. Accessed at www.arch.adelaide.edu.au/games on December 2, 2005.
Aish, R. (2002). Smart Geometry. Accessed at www.smartgeometry.com/bd.htm on December 2, 2005.
Aish, R. (2004). Bentley's Generative Components. A design tool for exploratory architecture. Accessed at www.cmu.edu/architecture/graduate/G-CAD/pdf/GenerativeComponents.pdf on December 2, 2005.
Aish, R. & Woodbury, R. (2005). Multi-level interaction in parametric design. In Proc. SmartGraphics, 5th Int. Symp., SG2005, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3638 (Butz, A., Fisher, B., Krüger, A. & Oliver, P., Eds.), pp. 151–162. Berlin: Springer.CrossRef
Akın, Ö. (1986). The Psychology of Architectural Design. London: Pion.
Akın, Ö. (2001). Variants of design cognition. In Design Knowing and Learning: Cognition in Design Education (Eastman, C., Newstetter, W. & McCracken, M., Eds.), pp. 105–124. New York: Elsevier.CrossRef
Akın, Ö., Aygen, Z., Chang, T.-W., Chien, S.-F., Choi, B., Donia, M., Fenves, S.J., Flemming, U., Garrett, J.H., Gomez, N., Kiliccote, H., Rivard, H., Sen, R., Snyder, J., Tsai, W.-J., Woodbury, R., & Zhang, Y. (1997). SEED: a software environment to support the early phases of building design. The International Journal of Design Computing. Accessed at www.arch.usyd.edu.au/kcdc/journal/vol1/papers/flemming/index.html on December 2, 2005.Google Scholar
Allen, J. (1999). Mixed initiative interaction. Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Systems 12(6), 14–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Archea, J. (1987). Puzzle-making: what architects do when no one is looking. In Computability of Design, Principles of Computer-Aided Design (Kalay, Y., Ed.), pp. 37–52. New York: Wiley.
Borges, J. (1962). The Library of Babel. In Labyrinths: Selected Stories and Other Writings, pp. 51–58. New York: New Directions.
Bredo, R. (1994). Cognitivism, Situated Cognition and Deweyian Pragmatism. Accessed at www.ed.uiuc.edu/EPS/PES-yearbook/94_docs/BREDO.HTM on December 2, 2005.
Brown, D.C. (1984). Expert systems for design problem-solving using design refinement with plan selection and redesign. PhD Thesis. Ohio State University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
Brown, D.C. & Chandrasekaran, B. (1989). Design Problem Solving: Knowledge Structures and Control Strategies. Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence. London: Pitman.
Bruton, D. (1997). A contingent sense of grammar. PhD Thesis. University of Adelaide.
Burrow, A. (2005). Typed feature structures and design space exploration. PhD Thesis. University of Adelaide.
Burrow, A. & Woodbury, R. (1999). π-Resolution in design space exploration. In Computers in Building: Proc. CAAD Futures '99 Conf. (Augenbroe, G. & Eastman, C., Eds.), pp. 291–308. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.CrossRef
Carlson, C. (1993). Grammatical programming: an algebraic approach to the description of design spaces. PhD Thesis. Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Architecture.
Carlson, C. & Woodbury, R. (1994). Hands-on exploration of recursive patterns. Languages of Design 2(2), 121–142.Google Scholar
Carpenter, B. (1992). The Logic of Typed Feature Structures with Applications to Unification Grammars, Logic Programs and Constraint Resolution. Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
Catia. (2003). The CATIA system. Accessed at www.3ds.com/products-solutions/brands/CATIA/ on December 2, 2005.
Chandrasekaran, B. (1990). Design problem solving: a task analysis. AI Magazine Winter, 59–71.Google Scholar
Chandrasekaran, B. & Johnson, T.R. (1993). Generic tasks and task structures: history, critique and new directions. In Second Generation Expert Systems (David, J.-M., Krivine, J.-P. & Simmons, R., Eds.), pp. 232–272. Berlin: Springer–Verlag.
Chang, T.W. (1999). Geometric typed feature structures: toward design space exploration. PhD Thesis. University of Adelaide.
Chang, W. & Woodbury, R.F. (2003). ACADIA 2003, pp. 19–27, Indianapolis, IN, October.
Chien, S.-F. (1998). Supporting information navigation in generative design systems. PhD Thesis. Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Architecture.
Chien, S.-F. & Flemming, U. (1997). Information navigation in generative design systems. Proc. Second Conf. Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, CAADRIA 97 (Yu-Tung Liu, J.-Y. & Tsou, J.-H.H., Eds.), pp. 355–366. Hsinchu, Taiwan: National Chia Tung University.
Chiou, S.C. & Krishnamurti, R. (1996). Example Taiwanese traditional houses. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 23(1), 91–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Datta, S. (2004). Unfolding design spaces interactively. PhD Thesis. University of Adelaide.
Dennett, D.C. (1995). Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Fisher, B., Agelidis, G., Dill, J., Tan, P., Collaud, G., & Jones, C. (1997). CZWeb: fish-eye views for visualizing the World-Wide Web. Proc. Seventh Int. Conf. Human–Computer Interaction (HCI Int. '97), pp. 719–722.
Flemming, U. (1978). Wall representations of rectangular dissections and their use in automated space allocation. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 5(2), 215–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flemming, U. (1987a). The role of shape grammars in the analysis and creation of designs. In Computability of Design, Principles of Computer-Aided Design (Kalay, Y., Ed.), pp. 245–272. New York: Wiley–Interscience.
Flemming, U. (1987b). More than the sum of parts: the grammar of Queen Anne houses. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 14(3), 323–350.Google Scholar
Flemming, U. (1989). More on the representation and generation of loosely packed arrangements of rectangles. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 16(3), 327–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flemming, U. (1990). Knowledge representation and acquisition in the LOOS system. Building and Environment 25(3), 209–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flemming, U. (2003). Personal communication.
Forgy, C. (1981). OPS5 User's Manual. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie-Mellon University, Department of Computer Science.CrossRef
Gould, S.J. (1990). Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. New York: Norton.
Harada, M. (1997). Discrete/continuous design exploration by direct manipulation. PhD Thesis. Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Architecture.
Harada, M., Witkin, A.P., & Baraff, D. (1995). Interactive physically-based manipulation of discrete/continuous models. Proc. SIGGRAPH 1995, pp. 199–208.
Heisserman, J. (1991). Generative geometric design and boundary solid grammars. PhD Thesis. Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Architecture.
Heisserman, J. (1994). Generative geometric design. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 14(2), 37–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heisserman, J., Callahan, S., & Mattikalli, R. (2000). A design representation to support automated design generation. In Artificial Intelligence in Design 00 (Gero, J., Ed.), pp. 545–566. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
Knight, T. (1981). Languages of designs: from known to new. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 8(2), 213–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of the City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
McDermott, J. (1982). R1: a rule-based configurer of computer systems. Artificial Intelligence 19(1), 39–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newell, A. (1981). The knowledge level. AI Magazine Summer, 1–19.CrossRef
Newell, A. & Simon, H.A. (1972). Human Problem Solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice–Hall.
Parrish, J. (2003). Personal communication.
Passini, R. (1984). Wayfinding in Architecture. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Schön, D. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. New York: Basic Books.
Simon, H.A. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. Quarterly Journal of Economics 69(1), 99–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, H.A. (1956). Rational choice and the structure of the environment. Psychological Review 63(1), 129–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, H.A. (1980). The Sciences of the Artificial, 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Sterk, T.d. (2003). Personal communication, Office for Robotic Architectural Media (www.ofa.com).
Stiny, G. & Mitchell, W.J. (1978). The Palladian grammar. Environment and Planning B 5, 5–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stiny, G. & Mitchell, W.J. (1980). The grammar of paradise: on the generation of Mughul gardens. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 7(2), 206–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strong, J. (1998). Cognitive architecture, bridging the gap between real and virtual environmental design. Honours Thesis. University of Adelaide, School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Urban Design.
Sutherland, I.E. (1963). Sketchpad: A Man–Machine Graphical Communication System. Cambridge, MA: MIT Lincoln Lab.
Ulrich, K.T. & Seering, W.P. (1992). Function sharing in mechanical design. In Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Design (Tong, C. & Sriram, D., Eds.), vol. 2, pp. 185–213. New York: Academic Press.CrossRef
Woodbury, R. & Burrow, A. (2001). Design spaces: the forgotten artifact. Proc. Third Int. Conf. Mathematics and Design (Burry, M., Datta, S., Dawson, A. & Rollo, J., Eds.), pp. 56–62, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Woodbury, R., Datta, S., & Burrow, A. (2000a). Erasure in design space exploration. In Artificial Intelligence in Design 2000, pp. 521–544. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Woodbury, R.F. (1993). Grammatical hermeneutics. Architectural Science Review 36(2), 53–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodbury, R.F. & Chang, T.-W. (1995). Massing and enclosure design with SEED-Config. ASCE Journal of Architectural Engineering 1(4), 170–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodbury, R.F., Burrow, A.L., Datta, S., & Chang, T.-W. (1999). Typed feature structures in design space exploration. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 13(4), 287–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodbury, R.F., Burrow, A.L., Drogemuller, R., & Datta, S. (2000b). Code checking by representation comparison. Proc. Fifth Conf. Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA2000), May 18–19, 2000, pp. 235–244. National University of Singapore.
Woodbury, R.F., Radford, A.D., Taplin, P.N., & Coppins, S.A. (1992). Tartan worlds: a generative symbol grammar system. ACADIA 92 (Noble, D. & Kensek, K., Eds.), pp. 211–220, Charleston, SC.
Woodbury, R.F., Shannon, S.J., & Sterk, T.D. (2001). What works in a design game? Supported by Student Reactions to Being Made to Play. Proc. Sixth Conf. Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA '2001), April 2001, pp. 411–420. Sydney, Australia.
Wright, F.L. (1945). An Autobiography. New York: Hyperion Press.