¹ See M. Cherif Bassiouni, Digest/Index of International Crimes (2 vols., 1986). The categories are (1) the prohibition against aggression, (2) war crimes, (3) unlawful use of weapons, (4) crimes against humanity, (5) the prohibition against genocide, (6) racial discrimination and apartheid, (7) slavery and related crimes, (8) the prohibition against torture, (9) unlawful human experimentation, (10) piracy, (11) aircraft hijacking and related offenses, (12) crimes against the safety of international maritime navigation, (13) use of force against internationally protected persons, (14) taking of civilian hostages, (15) drug offenses, (16) international traffic in obscene publications, (17) protection of national and archaeological treasures, (18) environmental protection, (19) theft of nuclear materials, (20) unlawful use of mails, (21) interference with submarine cables, (22) counterfeiting, (23) corrupt practices in international commercial transactions and (24) mercenarism.

² The earliest multilateral treaty to encourage the prosecution of nonextradited nationals is apparently the 1929 Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency, discussed in part A.

³ See, e.g., preambular para. 3 of the Draft Statute of an International Criminal Court prepared by the International Law Commission: “Emphasizing further that such a court is intended to be complementary to national criminal justice systems in cases where such trial procedures may not be available or may be ineffective.” Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its forty-sixth session, UN GAOR, 49th Sess., Supp. No. 10, at 43, 44, UN Doc. A/49/10 (1994).