Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-g8tfn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-30T12:47:12.799Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Coordinated trials on the protein requirements of sows 1. A comparison of four levels of dietary protein in gestation and two in lactation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

J. F. D. Greenhalgh ,
F. W. H. Elsley ,
D. A. Grubb ,
A. L. Lightfoot ,
D. W. Saul ,
P. Smith ,
N. Walker ,
D. Williams  and
M. L. Yeo
J. F. D. Greenhalgh
Affiliation:
The Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, and cooperating centres
F. W. H. Elsley
Affiliation:
The Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, and cooperating centres
D. A. Grubb
Affiliation:
The Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, and cooperating centres
A. L. Lightfoot
Affiliation:
The Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, and cooperating centres
D. W. Saul
Affiliation:
The Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, and cooperating centres
P. Smith
Affiliation:
The Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, and cooperating centres
N. Walker
Affiliation:
The Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, and cooperating centres
D. Williams
Affiliation:
The Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, and cooperating centres
M. L. Yeo
Affiliation:
The Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, and cooperating centres
Get access

Summary

1. Gestation diets formulated to contain A, 9; B, 11; C, 13 or D, 15% protein, and lactation diets with C, 13 or E, 17% protein provided eight treatment combinations. They were given at seven centres at 2 kg/day in gestation and approximately 5·7 kg/day in lactation to sows which remained on experiment for three to five parities and produced in total 468 litters. Mean results for parities one to four are given in this summary.

2. For gestation diets A to D mean litter size at birth was 9·7, 10·1, 10·3 and 10·4 live pigs, and at weaning (at 6 weeks), 8·2, 8·7, 8·8 and 8·8. Sows which received lactation diets C and E subsequently produced 10·4 and 10·3 pigs at birth and 8·9 and 8·3 at weaning.

3. Gestation diets had no consistent effects on piglet weights. During lactation, however, diet E gave heavier pigs than C, by 0·2 kg at 3 weeks and 0·5 kg at weaning.

4. Extra protein for either gestation or lactation had a positive effect on sow weight at that stage, but a negative effect in the following stage. There were no direct treatment effects on the time required for re-conception.

5. Twenty experimental sows at the Rowett Institute, together with an additional group given diet A for both gestation and lactation, showed strong positive relationships between lactation protein intake and milk yield or composition.

6. The treatment combination AC (i.e. 9% protein in gestation and 13% in lactation) gave the lowest weight of weaned pigs per litter, and CC gave the highest. The remaining treatments gave similar weights; of these BC (nominally 11 with 13, but actually 11·5 with 13·5% protein) was concluded to provide the lowest protein intake consistent with satisfactory performance.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , June 1977 , pp. 307 - 321
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1977

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council. 1967. The Nutrient Requirements of Farm Livestock. No. 3, Pigs. Agricultural Research Council, London.Google Scholar
Baker, D. H. 1971. Re-evaluation of protein and amino acid requirements of gestating and lactating swine. Proc. 26th Texas Nutr. Conf., pp. 98–101.Google Scholar
Baker, D. H., Becker, D. E., Jensen, A. H. and Harmon, B. G. 1970a. Protein source and level for pregnant gilts: a comparison of corn, opaque-2 corn and corn-soybean meal diets. J. Anim. Sci. 30: 364–367.Google Scholar
Baker, D. H., Becker, D. E., Jensen, A. H. and Harmon, B. G. 1970b. Reproductive performance and progeny development in swine as influenced by protein restriction during various portions of gestation. J. Anim. Sci. 31: 526–530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, D. H., Molitoris, B. A., Jensen, A. H. and Harmon, B. G. 1974. Sequence of protein feeding and value of alfalfa meal and fish meal for pregnant gilts and sows. J. Anim. Sci. 38: 325–329.Google Scholar
Boaz, T. G. 1962. The significance of level of protein in the nutrition of the pregnant sow. Vet. Rec. 74: 1482–1493.Google Scholar
Duée, P. H. and Rérat, A. 1975. [Lysine requirement of nulliparous gilts.] Annls Zootech. 24: 447–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elsley, F. W. H. and MacPherson, R. M. 1972. Protein and amino acid requirements in pregnancy and lactation. In Pig Production (ed. Cole, D. J. A.), pp. 417–434. Butterworth, London.Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, J. F. D. 1973. The role of extensive experimentation, with special reference to co-ordinated trials. In The Improvement of Sow Productivity (ed. Jones, A. S., Fowler, V. R., Yeats, J. C. R.), pp. 111–120. Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen.Google Scholar
Holden, P. J., Lucas, E. W., Speer, V. C. and Hays, V. W. 1968. Effect of protein level during pregnancy and lactation on reproductive performance in swine. J. Anim. Sci. 27: 1587–1590.Google Scholar
Lewis, A. J. and Speer, V. C. 1973. Lysine requirement of the lactating sow. Anim. Sci. 37: 104–110.Google Scholar
Lodge, G. A. 1957. The utilization of dietary energy by lactating sows. J. agric. Sci., Camb. 49: 200–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahan, D. C. and Grifo, A. P. 1975. Effects of dietary protein levels during lactation to first-litter sows fed a fortified corn gestation diet. J. Anim. Sci 41: 1362–1367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahan, D. C. and Mangan, L. T. 1975. Evaluation of various protein sequences on the nutritional carry-over from gestation to lactation with first-litter sows. J. Nutr. 105: 1291–1298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Research Council. 1973. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 7th ed. National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC.Google Scholar
O'Grady, J. F. and Hanrahan, T. J. 1975. Influence of protein level and amino-acid supplementation of diets fed in lactation on the performance of sows and their litters. 1. Sow and litter performance. Ir. J. agric. Res. 14: 127–135.Google Scholar
Pond, W. G. 1973. Influence of maternal protein and energy nutrition during gestation on progeny performance in swine. J. Anim. Sci. 36: 175–182.Google Scholar
Vanschoubroek, F. and Van spaendonck, R. 1973. [Factorial calculation of the protein and amino acid requirements of pregnant sows.] Z. Tierphysiol. Tierernahr. Futtermittelk 31: 71–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, L. G., Forshaw, R. P. and Smith, G. C. 1973. Simplified diets based on barley for reproducing swine. J. Anim. Sci. 37: 898–905.Google Scholar