Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-qc88w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-08-02T19:06:57.887Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of type and level of dietary fibre and starch on ileal and faecal microbial activity and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in growing pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

J. F. Wang ,
Y. H. Zhu ,
D. F. Li ,
M. Wang  and
B. B. Jensen
J. F. Wang*
Affiliation:
College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Beijing 100094, Peoples’ Republic of China Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
Y. H. Zhu
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
D. F. Li
Affiliation:
College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Beijing 100094, Peoples’ Republic of China
M. Wang
Affiliation:
College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Beijing 100094, Peoples’ Republic of China
B. B. Jensen
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
*
E-mail:Jiufeng_wang@hotmail.com
Get access

Abstract

A repeated 4 ✕ 4 Latin square design was conducted with eight ileal cannulated castrated pigs to investigate the effect of source of dietary fibre and starch on ileal and faecal microflora and short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Four experimental diets based on cooked rice were supplied with one of two fibre-rich sources (sugar-beet pulp, S; wheat bran, W) and another two diets were prepared with (P) or without (C) potato starch. The experimental periods were 14 days, consisting of 7 days of adaptation to each diet, followed by 4 days of collection of ileal digesta and 3 days of collection of faeces. Ileal digesta were collected daily in a randomized order 0 (just before feeding the morning meal), 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after feeding the morning meal. Fresh faecal samples were also collected. Ileal pH was lower in pigs given diet P, 2 and 4 h after feeding, respectively. For all four diets ileal pH reached a minimum 4 h after feeding. Faecal pH was higher for diets P and W compared with diets C and S. The highest density of ileal coliform bacteria was found 4 h after feeding for all diets. Compared with other diets, the inclusion of potato starch resulted in an increased density of ileal enterococci at 0 h and an increased density of ileal lactic acid bacteria and lactobacilli, 2 and 6 h after feeding, respectively. The density of ileal enterococci reached a maximum 4 h after feeding for all diets. With the exception of 8 h after feeding, when a higher density of total anaerobes was observed for diet P, no significant differences were seen in the populations of yeasts and total anaerobes between the experimental diets. The concentration of formate in the ileum was high, while low concentrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate were observed for all diets. A lowered level of acetate was found for diet S on all sampling occasions. On a dry-matter basis, the counts of various faecal bacteria were increased by the inclusion of the fibre sources, and a higher level of faecal butyrate was found with the inclusion of potato starch or the fibre sources as compared with diet C, whereas no significant effects on the counts of various bacteria were observed with potato starch supplementation. Overall, the present results indicate that the addition of dietary fibre to pig diets resulted in an enhanced microbial fermentation.

Keywords

fibremicrobial florapotato starchriceshort-chain fatty acids

Information

Type
Non-ruminant nutrition, behaviour and production
Information
Animal Science , Volume 78 , Issue 1 , February 2004 , pp. 109 - 117
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official methods of analysis, 15th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC. Google Scholar
Axelsson, I. T. 1993. Lactic acid bacteria: classification and physiology. In Lactic acid bacteria (ed. Salminen, S. and Wright, A. von), pp. 1–65. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
Bach Knudsen, K. E. 1997. Carbohydrate and lignin contents of plant material used in animal feeding. Animal Feed Science and Technology 67: 319–338.Google Scholar
Bach Knudsen, K. E. 2001. The nutritional significance of “dietary fibre” analysis. Animal Feed Science and Technology 90: 3–20.Google Scholar
Bach Knudsen, K. E., Jensen, B. B., Andersen, J. O. and Hansen, I. 1991. Gastrointestinal implications in pigs of wheat and oat fractions. 2. Microbial activity in the gastrointestinal tract. British Journal of Nutrition 65: 233–248.Google Scholar
Bach Knudsen, K. E., Jensen, B. B. and Hansen, I. 1993. Digestion of polysaccharides and other major components in the small and large intestine of pigs fed on diets consisting of oat fractions rich in ß-D-glucan. British Journal of Nutrition 70: 537–556.Google Scholar
Christensen, D. N., Bach Knudsen, K. E., Wolstrup, J. and Jensen, B. B. 1999. Integration of ileum cannulated pigs and in vitro fermentation to quantify the effect of diet composition on the amount of short-chain fatty acids available from fermentation in the large intestine. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79: 755–762.Google Scholar
Collins, M. D., Rodrigues, U., Ash, C., Aguirre, M., Farrow, J. A. E., Martinez-Murcia, A., Phillips, B. A., Williams, A. M. and Wallbanks, S. 1991. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Lactobacillus and related lactic acid bacteria as determined by reverse transcriptase sequence of 16S rRNA. FEMS Microbiology Letters 77: 5–12.Google Scholar
Cummings, J. H., Roberfroid, M., Andersson, H., Barth, C., Ferro-Luzzi, A., Ghoos, Y., Gibney, M., Hermansen, K., James, W. P. T., Korver, O., Lairon, D., Pascal, G. and Voragen, A. G. S. 1997. A new look at dietary carbohydrate: chemistry, physiology and health. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51: 417–423.Google Scholar
Englyst, H. N. and Cummings, J. H. 1987. Digestion of the polysaccharides of potato in the small intestine of man. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44: 42–50.Google Scholar
Englyst, H. N., Kingman, S. M. and Cummings, J. H. 1992. Classification and measurement of nutritionally important starch fractions. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46: S33–S50.Google Scholar
Fenton, T. W. and Fenton, M. 1979. An improved procedure for determination of chromic oxide in feed and faeces. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 59: 631–634.Google Scholar
Fuller, R., Newland, L. G. M., Briggs, C. A. E., Braude, R. and Mitchell, K. G. 1960. The normal intestinal flora of the pigs. IV. The effect of dietary supplements of penicillin, chlortetracycline or copper sulphate on the faecal flora. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 23: 195–205.Google Scholar
Henderickx, H. K., Vervaeke, I. J., Decuypere, J. A. and Dierick, N. A. 1982. Effect of growth promoting agents on the intestinal gut flora. Advances in Veterinary Medicine 33: 56–62.Google Scholar
Jensen, B. B. 1998. The impact of feed additives on the microbial ecology of the gut in young pigs. Journal of Animal Feed Science 7: 45–64.Google Scholar
Jensen, M. T., Cox, R. P. and Jensen, B. B. 1995. Microbial production of skatole in the hind gut of pigs given different diets and its relation to skatole deposition in backfat. Animal Science 61: 293–304.Google Scholar
Kritchevsky, D. 1988. Dietary fibre. Annual Review of Nutrition 8: 301–328.Google Scholar
Low, A. G. 1989. Secretory response of the pig gut to non-starch polysaccharides. Animal Feed Science and Technology 23: 55–65.Google Scholar
Macfarlane, G. T. and Macfarlane, S. 1993. Factors affecting fermentation reactions in the large bowel. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 52: 367–373.Google Scholar
Martinez-Murcia, A. J. and Collins, M. D. 1990. A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Leuconostic based on reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16S rRNA. FEMS Microbiology Letters 70: 73–84.Google Scholar
Miller, T. L. and Wolin, M. J. 1979. Fermentations by saccharolytic intestinal bacteria. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32: 164–172.Google Scholar
Pluske, J. R., Kim, J. C., McDonald, D. E., Pethick, D. W. and Hampson, D. J. 2001. Non-starch polysaccharides in the diets of young weaned piglets. In The weaner pig: nutrition and management (ed. Varley, M. A. and Wiseman, J.), pp. 81–112. CABI Publishing, Wallingford.Google Scholar
Richardson, A. J., Calder, A. G., Stewart, C. S. and Smith, A. 1989. Simultaneous determination of volatile and nonvolatile acidic fermentation products of anaerobes by capillary gas chromatography. Letters in Applied Microbiology 9: 5–8.Google Scholar
Roediger, W. E. W. 1980. Role of anaerobic bacteria in the metabolic welfare of the colonic mucosa in man. Gut 21: 793–798.Google Scholar
Salminen, S., Deighton, M. and Gorbach, S. 1993. Lactic acid bacteria in health disease. In Lactic acid bacteria (ed. Salminen, S. and Wright, A. von), pp. 199–225. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
Savage, D. C. 1977. Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. Annual Review of Microbiology 31: 107–133.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1990. SAS/STAT® user’s guide (release 6·03). SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Stephen, A. M. and Cummings, J. H. 1980. The microbial contribution to human faecal mass. Journal of Medical Microbiology 13: 45–56.Google Scholar
Stoldt, W. 1952. [Suggestion to standardize the determination of fat in food stuffs. ] Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel 54: 206–207.Google Scholar
Wang, J. F., Jensen, B. B., Jørgensen, H., Li, D. F. and Lindberg, J. E. 2002. Ileal and total tract digestibility, and protein and fat balance in pigs fed rice with addition of potato starch, sugar beet pulp or wheat bran. Animal Feed Science and Technology 102: 125–136.Google Scholar
Wang, J. F., Li, D. F., Jensen, B. B., Jakobsen, K., Xing, J. J., Gong, L. M. and Zhu, Y. H. 2003. Effect of type and level of fibre on gastric microbial activity and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in gestating sows. Animal Feed Science and Technology 104: 95–110.Google Scholar
Wolf, G., Strahl, A., Meisel, J. and Hammes, W. P. 1991. Heme-dependent catalase activity of lactobacilli. International Journal of Food Microbiology 12: 133–140.Google Scholar
Yang, D. and Woese, C. R. 1990. Phylogenetic structure of the “leuconostocs”: an interesting case of a rapidly evolving organism. Systematic Applied Microbiology 12: 145–149.Google Scholar