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Canine trap-neuter-return: a critical review of potential welfare issues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2023

H Bacon ,
V Vancia ,
H Walters  and
N Waran
H Bacon*
Affiliation:
Jeanne Marchig International Centre for Animal Welfare Education, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
V Vancia
Affiliation:
University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
H Walters
Affiliation:
Jeanne Marchig International Centre for Animal Welfare Education, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
N Waran
Affiliation:
Jeanne Marchig International Centre for Animal Welfare Education, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
*
* Contact for correspondence and requests for reprints: Heather.Bacon@ed.ac.uk
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Abstract

Free-roaming dogs (Canis familiaris) may be viewed positively or negatively within their communities. Negative aspects of the presence of free-roaming dogs include noise, fouling, disease transmission, dog-bite injuries, road traffic accidents and potential hybridisation with endangered wildlife species. Due to these concerns, control of free-roaming dog populations may be required. Surgical sterilisation of free-roaming dogs through the implementation of ‘trap-neuter-return’ (TNR), initiatives is often recommended as a welfare-friendly method of dog population control. Welfare assessments in TNR are often absent. Where they do exist they may rely upon proxy assessment, or be limited to relatively few measures of health status. As a result, there is a paucity of literature regarding the welfare impacts of surgical control of canine populations despite this practice often being promoted for animal welfare reasons. We outline the primary welfare issues associated with surgical population control of free-roaming dogs, suggest steps that may be taken to mitigate these problems and discuss barriers to improving dog welfare in TNR. Many opportunities for welfare problems exist within the spectrum of surgical TNR initiatives. We recommend that further research is needed to set appropriate standards for surgical approaches to free-roaming dog population management.

Keywords

animal birth controlanimal welfareassessmentdog population managementdogstrap-neuter-return
Type
Articles
Information
Animal Welfare , Volume 26 , Issue 3 , August 2017 , pp. 281 - 292
Copyright
© 2017 Universities Federation for Animal Welfare

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