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Is There a Correlation between Patient-Staff Interactions and MDRO Acquisition?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2025

Fadilah Zakaria
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore
Aung Myat Oo
Affiliation:
Singapore General Hospital
Maybelle Auw
Affiliation:
AxoMem Pte Ltd
Cawin Chan
Affiliation:
Axomem Pte Ltd
Sean Whiteley
Affiliation:
Axomem Pte Ltd
Edwin Philip Conceicao
Affiliation:
Weien Chow
Indumathi Venkatachalam
Affiliation:
Singapore General Hospital
Xiang Ying Jean Sim
Affiliation:
Singhealth

Abstract

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Background: Multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) are highly transmissible in hospital environments. Understanding the onward transmission of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aurous (MRSA), Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacterales (CPE) and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is an important part of infection prevention. Patient-staff interactions can sometimes lead to MDRO acquisition. We aimed to investigate if patient-staff interactions were associated with MDRO acquisition in patients over 1 month in an inpatient tertiary hospital setting. Methods: During routine clinical care, staff will document in a patient’s electronic health records (EHR) upon interaction. Data regarding nursing and patient interactions were obtained extracting from “documents authored” and “vital signs” sections of the EHR. Hospital-Onset MDRO acquisition is defined as a positive detection of MDRO from a specimen collected on or after the third day of admission. The MDRO cohort was categorized by pathogen into two groups: before MDRO acquisition (cohort 1) and after MDRO acquisition (cohort 2). Patients with no known MDRO acquisition were selected as a control group. Average number of patient-staff interactions per day were calculated for each cohort. Descriptive statistics were employed and the appropriate post-hoc tests performed. Data analysis was performed using R (version 4.4.2) and RStudio IDE (version 2024.12.0). R package dunn.test (version 1.3.6) was used. Results: 8451 unique patients were included in the control group. Twenty-three MRSA and 35 VRE cases were included in cohort 1 and 2. For CRE, 41 cases were included in cohort 1 and 39 in cohort 2. Room type and location showed statistically significant relationship with (p < 0 .001) per-patient-daily average staff-inpatient interactions. The [MA3] average number of interactions per cohort can be seen in Table 1. Across all MDROs, the difference in patient-staff interactions between the cohort 2 and control group is significant (p < 0 .002). For VRE, the difference in patient-staff interactions between cohort 1 and control is significant (p=0.0015). Conclusion: Increased patient-staff interaction shows a correlation with VRE acquisition, but not for MRSA and CPCRE. [MA4] Further analysis is warranted to better understand the factors influencing the correlation between HCW interactions and MDRO acquisition.

Information

Type
Surveillance
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America