Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T11:28:46.490Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Crafting safer spaces for teaching about race and intersectionality in Australian Indigenous Studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2020

Leticia Anderson*
Affiliation:
School of Arts and Social Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia
Lynette Riley
Affiliation:
School of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
*
Author for correspondence: Leticia Anderson, E-mail: leticia.anderson@scu.edu.au
Get access

Abstract

The shift to massified higher education has resulted in surges in the recruitment of staff and students from more diverse backgrounds, without ensuring the necessary concomitant changes in institutional and pedagogical cultures. Providing a genuinely inclusive and ‘safer’ higher education experience in this context requires a paradigm shift in our approaches to learning and teaching in higher education. Creating safer spaces in classrooms is a necessary building block in the transformation and decolonisation of higher education cultures and the development of cultural competency for all staff and graduates. This paper outlines an approach to crafting safer spaces within the classroom, focusing on a case study of strategies for teaching and learning about race, racism and intersectionality employed by the authors in an undergraduate Indigenous Studies unit at an urban Australian university.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, M (2016) Pedagogical foundations for social justice education. In Adams, M, Bell, LA, Goodman, D and Joshi, K (eds), Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice: A Sourcebook, 3rd Edn. New York: Routledge, pp. 2754.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
AHRC (2017) Change the Course: National Report on Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment at Australian Universities. Sydney: Australian Human Rights Commission. Available at https://www.humanrights.gov.au/our-work/sex-discrimination/publications/change-course-national-report-sexual-assault-and-sexual (Accessed 18 August 2017).Google Scholar
Anderson, L, Gatwiri, K and Townsend-Cross, M (2019) Battling the “headwinds”: The experiences of minoritised academics in the neoliberal Australian university. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 115. doi: 10.1080/09518398.2019.1693068.Google Scholar
Arao, B and Clemens, K (2013) From safe spaces to brave spaces. In Landreman, LM (ed.), The Art of Effective Facilitation: Reflections From Social Justice Educators. Sterling, Virginia: ACPA, pp. 135150.Google Scholar
Aseron, J, Greymorning, SN, Miller, A and Wilde, S (2013) Cultural safety circles and Indigenous peoples’ perspectives: inclusive practices for participation In higher education. Contemporary Issues in Education Research 6, 409416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, C (2014) When the object teaches: indigenous academics in Australian universities. Right Now 14, 13.Google Scholar
Brockbank, A and McGill, I (2007) Facilitating Reflective Learning in Higher Education, 2nd Edn. Maidenhead, Berkshire: OUP.Google Scholar
Brown, M, Ray, R, Summers, E and Fraistat, N (2017) #Sayhername: a case study of intersectional social media activism. Ethnic and Racial Studies 40, 18311846.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, F and Jamieson, L (2016) Rape and sexual assault: Using an intersectional feminist lens. In Wendt, S and Moulding, N (eds), Contemporary Feminisms in Social Work Practice. London; New York: Routledge, pp. 220238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burdett, J and Hastie, B (2009) Predicting satisfaction with group work assignments. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 6, 6271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byron, K (2017) From infantilizing to world making: safe spaces and trigger warnings on campus. Family Relations 66, 116125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callan, E (2016) Education in safe and unsafe spaces. Philosophical Inquiry in Education 24, 6478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Commonwealth of Australia (2010) Intersectionality. Avert Family Violence: Collaborative Responses in the Family Law System. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. http://www.avertfamilyviolence.com.au/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2013/06/Intersectionality.pdf.Google Scholar
Cook-Sather, A (2016) Creating brave spaces within and through student-faculty pedagogical partnerships. Teaching and Learning Together in Higher Education 1, 1.Google Scholar
Cox, L (2013) On Bullying and Being a Trans Woman of Colour. Washington, DC: Keppler Speakers. Available at https://www.kepplerspeakers.com/speakers/laverne-cox/videos/5103685718001Google Scholar
Crenshaw, K (1990) Mapping the margins: intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review 43, 12411299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crenshaw, K (2011) From private violence to mass incarceration: thinking intersectionally about women, race, and social control. UCLA Law Review 59: 14181436.Google Scholar
Crossman, J (2007) The role of relationships and emotions in student perceptions of learning and assessment. Higher Education Research and Development 26, 313327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniel, B-J (2018) Teaching while Black: Racial dynamics, evaluations, and the role of White females in the Canadian academy in carrying the racism torch. Race Ethnicity and Education 22(1), 2137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Devlin, M (2013) Bridging socio-cultural incongruity: conceptualising the success of students from low-socio-economic status backgrounds in Australian higher education. Studies in Higher Education 38, 939949.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiAngelo, R (2011) White fragility. International Journal of Critical Pedagogy 3, 5470.Google Scholar
DiAngelo, R and Sensoy, Ö (2014) Getting slammed: white depictions of race discussions as arenas of violence. Race Ethnicity and Education 17, 103128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraser, J and Voyageur, E (2007) Crafting culturally safe learning spaces: a story of collaboration between an educational institution and two first nation communities. Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching, and Learning 2, 157166.Google Scholar
Hall, L and Wilkes, M (2015) ‘It's a safe environment for us Indigenous students’: creating a culturally safe learning space for Indigenous Pre-Tertiary students. Learning Communities: International Journal of Learning in Social Contexts 17, 112122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heath, M, Due, C, Hamood, W, Hutchinson, A, Leiman, T, Maxfield, K and Warland, J (2017) Teaching sensitive material: a multi-disciplinary perspective. ergo 4, 513.Google Scholar
Hodkinson, A (2015) ‘Safe spaces’ in education. International Review of Qualitative Research 8, 145165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holley, LC and Steiner, S (2005) Safe space: student perspectives on classroom environment. Journal of Social Work Education 41, 4964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, R and Johnston, C (2016) Equity in Australian higher education: the effects of national policy to expand access for people from lower socio-economic status backgrounds. In Centre of Excellence for Equity in Higher Education (ed.), Widening Participation in Higher Education: International Perspectives. Newcastle, NSW: University of Newcastle, pp. 619.Google Scholar
Langton, M (2016) Two Victims, No Justice. Sydney: Morry Schwarz. Available at https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2016/july/1467295200/marcia-langton/twovictims-no-justiceGoogle Scholar
Liddle, C (2016) First peoples: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participation in higher education. In Harvey, A, Burnheim, C and Brett, M (eds), Student Equity in Australian Higher Education. Singapore: Springer, pp. 5367.Google Scholar
McCarthy, M (2011) ‘We were at the beginning of everything’: the first women students and graduates of the University of Queensland. Crossroads V, 3544.Google Scholar
Moreton-Robinson, A (2000) Talkin’ up to the White Woman: Aboriginal Women and Feminism. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press.Google Scholar
Nakata, M (2007) The cultural interface. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 36, 714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakata, M, Nakata, V, Keech, S and Bolt, R (2012) Decolonial goals and pedagogies for Indigenous studies. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society 1, 120140.Google Scholar
National Tertiary Education Union (2011) I'm Not a Racist, But... Melbourne: National Indigenous Unit of the National Tertiary Education Union. Available at http://www.nteu.org.au/library/view/id/2069 (Accessed 17 August 2015).Google Scholar
Overmars, D (2010) Indigenous knowledge, community and education in a western system: an integrative approach. First Peoples Child and Family Review 5, 8895.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, S (2014) Exploring new conceptualisations of old problems: researching and reorienting teaching in Indigenous Studies to transform student learning. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 43, 2130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, S, Trudgett, M and Sullivan, C (2017) Past, present and future: acknowledging Indigenous achievement and aspiration in higher education. HERDSA Review of Higher Education 4, 2951.Google Scholar
Pennington, JL, Brock, CH and Ndura, E (2012) Unraveling the threads of White teachers’ conceptions of caring: repositioning White privilege. Urban Education 47, 743775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, L, Howard-Wagner, D, Mooney, J and Kutay, C (2013) Embedding Aboriginal cultural knowledge in curriculum at university level through Aboriginal community engagement. Diversity in Higher Education 14, 251276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schofield, T, O'Brien, R and Gilroy, J (2013) Indigenous higher education: overcoming barriers to participation in research higher degree programs. Australian Aboriginal Studies 2, 1328.Google Scholar
Sensoy, Ö and DiAngelo, R (2014) Respect differences? Challenging the common guidelines in social justice education. Democracy and Education 22, 110.Google Scholar
Sensoy, Ö and DiAngelo, R (2017) Is Everyone Really Equal?: An Introduction to Key Concepts in Social Justice Education, 2nd Edn. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
Snyder, C, Peeler, J and May, JD (2008) Combining human diversity and social justice education: a conceptual framework. Journal of Social Work Education 44, 145161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strauss, P and Alice, U (2007) Group assessments: dilemmas facing lecturers in multicultural classrooms. Higher Education Research and Development 26, 147161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorpe, K and Burgess, C (2016) Challenging lecturer assumptions about preservice teacher learning in mandatory Indigenous Studies. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 45, 119128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Townsend-Cross, M (2018) Difficult Knowledge and Uncomfortable Pedagogies: Student Perceptions and Experiences of Teaching and Learning in Critical Indigenous Australian Studies (PhD thesis). University of Technology, Sydney.Google Scholar
Townsend-Cross, M and Flowers, R (2016) Professional education and Indigenous Australian issues: towards uncomfortable pedagogies. In Higgs, J and Trede, F (eds), Professional Practice Discourse Marginalia. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, pp. 223232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Universities Australia (2011) National Best Practice Framework for Indigenous Cultural Competency in Australian Universities. Canberra: Universities Australia. Available at https://www.universitiesaustralia.edu.au/uni-participation-quality/culturalIndigenous-Higher-Education/Indigenous-Cultural-Compet#.W4NU-X59hTY (Accessed 27 August 2018).Google Scholar
Yunkaporta, T (2009) Aboriginal Pedagogies at the Interface (PhD thesis). James Cook University, Townsvillle.Google Scholar