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Examining the roles of metacognitive beliefs and maladaptive aspects of perfectionism in depression and anxiety

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 March 2020

Lee Kannis-Dymand ,
Emily Hughes ,
Kate Mulgrew ,
Janet D. Carter  and
Steven Love
Lee Kannis-Dymand*
Affiliation:
Discipline of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia Sunshine Coast Mind & Neuroscience – Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
Emily Hughes
Affiliation:
Discipline of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
Kate Mulgrew
Affiliation:
Discipline of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
Janet D. Carter
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
Steven Love
Affiliation:
Discipline of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
*
*Corresponding author. Email: lkannisd@usc.edu.au
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Abstract

Background:

Metacognition and perfectionism are factors found to be associated with both anxiety and depression. A common component that underlies these factors is the influence of perseverance, or the tendency to continue a behaviour or thought even if it is no longer productive.

Aims:

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between metacognitive beliefs with maladaptive aspects of perfectionism (i.e. perseverance behaviours), and their relation to anxiety and depression.

Method:

Participants (n = 1033) completed six self-report questionnaires measuring metacognitive beliefs about rumination and worry, perseverance, anxiety and depression. Data were analysed using correlational testing, and structural equation modelling.

Results:

Results of structural equation modelling revealed that positive metacognitive beliefs about repetitive negative thinking increased the likelihood to perceive the thinking as uncontrollable, and that perseverance behaviours were predicted by all metacognitive beliefs. Furthermore, examination of partial correlations revealed that both negative metacognitive beliefs about repetitive negative thinking and perseverance behaviours predicted anxiety and depression; however, negative metacognitive beliefs were the strongest predictor, in both cases.

Conclusions:

The results provided support for current metacognitive models, in that the interpretation of cognitive perseveration sequentially influences psychopathology, but also provided insight into the inclusion of perseveration behaviours. Furthermore, the findings may also have value in a clinical setting, as targeting metacognitive beliefs in the presence of perseverance type behaviours may prove beneficial for treatment.

Keywords

anxietydepressionmetacognitive beliefsperseveranceruminationworry
Type
Main
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 48 , Issue 4 , July 2020 , pp. 442 - 453
Copyright
© British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2020

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