Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T04:13:07.963Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

5.2 Alternative Systems for Assessing the Nitrogen Value of Feeds for Ruminants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2018

J. L. Black ,
G. J. Faichney ,
D. E. Beever  and
B. R. Howarth
J. L. Black
Affiliation:
C.S.I.R.O., Division of Animal Production, P.O. Box 239, Blacktown, N.S.W., 2148, Australia
G. J. Faichney
Affiliation:
C.S.I.R.O., Division of Animal Production, P.O. Box 239, Blacktown, N.S.W., 2148, Australia
D. E. Beever
Affiliation:
Grassland Research Institute, Hurley, Maidenhead, Berkshire, England
B. R. Howarth
Affiliation:
New South Wales Institute of Technology, Broadway, 2007, Australia
Get access

Extract

Systems suitable for evaluating the nitrogen status of feeds for ruminants must consider (i) the requirements of the animal's tissues for nitrogenous substances, (ii) the amount and nature of the nitrogenous substances absorbed by the animal and (iii) the efficiency with which absorbed nitrogen is used for various body functions. Such systems must also include aspects of energy utilization because, in ruminants, both the tissue needs for nitrogen and the flow of protein to the intestines are affected by energy availability. Several systems which attempt to include all three considerations in more or less detail have recently been proposed (Burroughs, Nelson and Mertens, 1975; Satter and Roffler, 1975, 1977; Kaufmann, 1977; Jarrige, Journet and Vérité, 1978; Fox, Sniffen, Van Soest and Robinson, 1979; Agricultural Research Council (ARC), 1980; Chalupa, 1980).

Type
5. Systems for Assessing the Nitrogen Value of Feeds for Ruminants
Information
BSAP Occasional Publication , Volume 6: Forage Protein in Ruminant Animal Production , 1982 , pp. 107 - 118
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Production 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural Research Council. 1980 The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock, pp. 121–181. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, England.Google Scholar
Beever, D. E., Black, J. L. and Faichney, G. J. 1980–1981. Simulation of the effects of rumen function on the flow of nutrients from the stomach of sheep: Part 2 — assessment of computer predictions. Agric. Systems 6: 221–241.Google Scholar
Black, J. L. 1979. Manipulation of body composition through nutrition. Proc. Aust. Soc. Anim. Prod. 10:211–218.Google Scholar
Black, J. L., Beever, D. E., Faichney, G. J., Howarth, B. R. and Graham, N. McC. 1980–1981. Simulation of the effects of rumen function on the flow of nutrients from the stomach of sheep: Part 1 — description of a computer program. Agric. Systems 6: 195–219.Google Scholar
Black, J. L. and Bottomley, G. A. 1980. Effects of shearing and lambing dates on the predicted pasture requirements of sheep in two Tasmanian locations. Aust. J. exp. Agric. Anim. Hus. 20: 654–661.Google Scholar
Black, J. L. and Colebrook, W. F. 1976. Biological value of protein in ruminants. Proc. Aust. Soc. Anim. Prod. 11:421–424.Google Scholar
Black, J. L. and Griffiths, D. A. 1975. Effects of live weight and energy intake on nitrogen balance and total N requirements of lambs. Br. J. Nutr. 33: 399–413.Google Scholar
Black, J. L., Faichney, G. J. and Sinclair, R. E. 1981. Role of computer simulation in overcoming limitations to animal production from pastures. In Nutritional Limits to Animal Production from Pastures (ed. Hacker, J. B.), In press. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, England.Google Scholar
Black, J. L., Robards, G. E. and Thomas, R. 1973. Effects of protein and energy intakes on the wool growth of Merino wethers. Aust. J. agric. Res. 24: 399–412.Google Scholar
Burroughs, W., Nelson, D. K. and Mertens, D. R. 1975. Evaluation of protein nutrition by metabolizable protein and urea fermentation potential. J. Dairy Sci. 58:611–619.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chalupa, W. 1980. Methods for estimating protein requirements and feed protein values for ruminants. Feedstuffs Vol. 52, No. 26, pp. 18–20.Google Scholar
Corbett, J. L. 1980. Feeding standards for ruminants. Proc. Aust. Soc. Anim. Prod. 13: 19–24.Google Scholar
Corbett, J. L., Furnival, E. P., Inskip, M. W. and Pickering, F. S. 1982. Protein digestion in grazing sheep. In Forage Protein in Ruminant Animal Production (ed. Thomson, D. J., Beever, D. E. and Gunn, R. G.), Occ. Publ. Br. Soc. Anim. Prod. No. 6.Google Scholar
Egan, A. R., Walker, D. J., Nader, C. J. and Storer, G. 1975. Comparative aspects of digestion of four roughages by sheep. Aust. J. agric. Res. 26: 909–922.Google Scholar
F.A.O. 1970. Amino Acid Content of Foods. Nutr. Stnd. No. 24. F.A.O., Rome.Google Scholar
Faichney, G. J. 1980. Measurement in sheep of the quantity and composition of rumen digesta and of the fractional outflow rates of digesta constituents. Aust. J. agric. Res. 31: 1129–1137.Google Scholar
Faichney, G. J., Beever, D. E. and Black, J. L. 1980. A comparison of some recent approaches to the assessment of protein value in diets for ruminants. Publs Eur. Ass. Anim. Prod. No. 27: 432–438.Google Scholar
Faichney, G. J., Beever, D. E. and Black, J. L. 1980–1981. Prediction of the fractional rate of outflow of water from the rumen of sheep. Agric. Systems 6: 261–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faichney, G. J. and Black, J. L. 1979. Factors affecting rumen function and the supply of nutrients. In Physiological and environmental limitations to wool growth (ed. Black, J. L. and Reis, P. J.), pp. 179–192. University of New England, Armidale.Google Scholar
Faichney, G. J. and White, G. A. 1977. Formaldehyde treatment of concentrate diets for sheep. I. Partition of the digestion of organic matter and nitrogen between the stomach and intestines. Aust. J. agric. Res. 28: 1055–1067.Google Scholar
Faichney, G. J. and White, G. A. 1979. Formaldehyde treatment of concentrate diets for sheep. III. Absorption of amino acids from the small intestine. Aust. J. agric. Res. 30: 1163–1175.Google Scholar
Fox, D. G., Sniffen, C. J., Van Soest, P. J. and Robinson, P. H. 1979. A computerized net protein system for formulating rations for beef and dairy cattle, using feed analysis data. Cornell Nutr. Conf. pp. 57–62.Google Scholar
Graham, N. McC, Black, J. L., Faichney, G. J. and Arnold, G. W. 1976. Simulation of growth and production in sheep — Model 1. A computer program to estimate energy and nitrogen utilization, body composition and empty live-weight change, day by day in sheep of any age. Agric. Systems 1: 113–138.Google Scholar
Graham, N. McC, and Searle, T. W. 1979. Studies of weaned lambs before, during and after a period of weight loss. I. Energy and nitrogen utilization. Aust. J. agric. Res. 30: 513–523.Google Scholar
Hogan, J. P. and Weston, R. H. 1981. Laboratory methods for protein evaluation. In Forage Evaluation: Concepts and Techniques (ed. Wheeler, J. L. and Mochrie, R. D.), pp. 75–87. CSIRO and American Forage and Grassland Council, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Hogan, J. P., Elliott, N. M. and Hughes, A. D. 1979. Maximum wool growth rates expected from Australian Merino genotypes. In Physiological and environmental limitations to wool growth (ed. Black, J. L. and Reis, P. J.), pp. 43–59. University of New England, Armidale.Google Scholar
Jarrige, R., Journet, M. and Vérité, R. 1978. In Alimentation des Ruminants (ed. Jarrige, R.), pp. 89–128. INRA, Versailles.Google Scholar
Kaufmann, W. 1977. Calculation of the protein requirements for dairy cows according to measurements of N metabolism. Publs Eur. Ass. Anim. Prod. No. 22: 130–132.Google Scholar
Leche, T. F. and Groenendyk, G. J. 1978. Composition of animal feedstuffs in Australia (draft version), pp. 254. Australian Feeds Information Centre, CSIRO, Blacktown.Google Scholar
Maeng, W. J. and Baldwin, R. L. 1976. Dynamics of fermentation of a purified diet and microbial growth in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 59: 636–642.Google Scholar
Marshall, R. C. and Gillespie, J. M. 1977. The keratin proteins of wool, horn and hoof from sheep. Aust. J. biol. Sci. 30: 389–400.Google Scholar
Munro, H. N. and Fleck, A. 1969. Analysis of tissue and body fluids for nitrogenous constituents. In Mammalian protein metabolism Vol. III. (ed. Munro, H. N.), pp. 423–525. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purser, D. B. and Buechler, S. M. 1966. Amino acid composition of rumen organisms. J. Dairy Sci. 49: 81–84.Google Scholar
Satter, L. D. and Roffler, R. E. 1975. Nitrogen requirements and utilization in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 58: 1219–1237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Satter, L. D. and Roffler, R. E. 1977. Calculating requirements for protein and non-protein nitrogen by ruminants. Publs Eur. Ass. Anim. Prod. No. 22: 133–136.Google Scholar
Vérité, R, Journet, M. and Jarrige, R. 1979. A new system for the protein feeding of ruminants: the PDI system. Livest. Prod. Sci. 6: 349–367.Google Scholar