No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Evaluation of a fat protection method (Ca-soap) with an in vitro gas production system
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 February 2018
Summary
An in vitro gas production technique was used to evaluate a fat protection method (Ca-soap). The Ca-soaps were prepared by incorporation of oil into a slaked lime solution which had been prepared immediately before. The proportions employed were 10:1 (oil:slaked lime). A feed sample of 0.5g was incubated in a N-rich medium, using 6 ml ruminal liquor and 54 ml medium. A factorial design 2x3 (2 inoculum sources from cows fed with and without Ca-soap x 3 diets) was employed. Diets were A) Control: 70% grass (Pennisetum purpureum var. Taiwan), 30% sorghum grain; B) Soybean lecithin: 70% grass, 20% sorghum, 10% Lecithin; and, C) Ca-soap: 70% grass, 20% sorghum 10% Ca-soap (made from lecithin). Total gas production, DM and OM in vitro digestibility were measured. A 10% reduction (approximately) (P<0.05) on IVDMD and IVOMD with the oil diet was found, but no differences were found (P>0.05) between Control and Ca-soap diets. No effect was found due to inoculum source (P>0.05). Compared with the Control diet, the total gas production was reduced (P<0.05) in the oil diet and was intermediate in Ca-soap diet (P>0.05). It was concluded that Ca-soap diets are a source of rumen inert fat for both the in vitro incubation and the animals fed with this supplement. Ca-soap had no effect on IVDMD and IVOMD. In vitro gas production techniques can be useful tools to evaluate dietary fats at ruminal level.
Resumen
Se empleó la técnica de producción de gas in vitro para evaluar un método de protección de grasa (jabones cálcicos). Los jabones fueron preparados incorporando aceite de manera inmediata a una solución de cal viva (Ca(OH)2) recién mezclada en agua, empleando una proporción de 10:1 (aceite:cal). Una muestra de 0.5g fue incubada con medio rico en N, empleando 6 ml de licor ruminal y 54 ml de medio. Se empleó un diselo factorial 2 (dos Fuentes de inoculo:vacas con o sin jabón calcico en la dieta) x 3 dietas A) Control: 70% pasto (Pennisetum purpureum var. Taiwan), 30% grano de sorgo; B) Lecitina de soya: 70% pasto, 20% sorgo, 10% Lecitina; y, C) Jabón cálcico: 70% pasto, 20% sorgo, 10% jabón cáclico (elaborado a partir de lecitina). Se midió la producción total de gas, digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS) y materia orgánica (DIVMO). Se encontró una depresión (P<0.05) en la DIVMS y DIVMO c. 10% en el tratamiento con aceite, pero no se encontró diferencia (P>0.05) entre el tratamiento control y el de jabón cálcico. No se encontró un efecto de la fuente de inoculo ni una interacción entre inoculo x dieta sobre DIVMS y DIVMO. Comparado con la dieta control, la producción de gas total se redujo (P<0.05) en la dieta con aceite, y fue intermedia (P>0.05) con la dieta con jabón cálcico. Se concluye que el jabón cálcico fue inerte en la incubación in vitro y en los animales consumiendo este suplemento y que no tuvo efecto sobre DIVMS y DIVMO. La técnica de producción gas in vitro puede se empleada para evaluar el efecto de las grasas a nivel ruminal.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2006
References
Barber, M.C., Clegg, R.A., Travers, M.T. and Vernon, R.G. (1998). Lipid metabolism in the lactating mammary gland. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
1347: 101–126
Google Scholar
Grant, R.J. and Weidner, S.J. (1992). Effect of fats from whole soybeans on performance of dairy cows fed rations differing in fiber level and particle size. Journal of Dairy Science
75: 2742–2751
Google Scholar
Groot, J.C.J., Cone, J.W., Williams, B.A., Debersaques, F.M.A. and Lantinga, E.A. (1996). Multiphasic analysis of gas production kinetics for in vitro fermentation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology
64: 77–89
CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, T.C. (1993). Lipid metabolism in the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science
71: 3851–3863
Google Scholar
Jerred, M.J., Carroll, D.J., Combs, D.K. and Grummer, R.R. (1990). Effects of fat supplementation and inmature alfalfa to concentrate ratio on nutrient utilization and lactation performance of dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science
73: 2842–2854
Google Scholar
Knapp, D.M., Grummer, R.R. and Dentine, M.R. (1991). The response of lactating dairy cows to increasing levels of whole roasted soybeans. Journal of Dairy Science
74: 2563–2579
Google Scholar
Kronfeld, D.S. (1982). Major metabolic determinants of milk volume, mammary efficiency and spontaneous ketosis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science
65: 2204–2212
Google Scholar
Menke, K. H. and Steingass, H. (1988). Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development
28: 7–55
Google Scholar
Petit, H.V., Dewhurst, R.J., Proulx, J.G.
Khalid, M.
Haresign, W. and Twangiramungu, H. (2001). Milk production, milk composition and reproductive function of dairy cows fed different fats. Canadian Journal of Animal Science
81: 263–271
CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandoval-Castro, C.A., Capetillo-Leal, C., Cetina-Góngora, R. and Ramirez-Avilés, L. (2002). A mixture simples design to study associative effects with an in vitro gas production technique. Animal Feed Science and Technology
101: 191–200
Google Scholar
Theodorou, M.K., Williams, B.A., Dhanoa, M.S., McAllan, A.D.B. and France, J. (1994). A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology
48:185–197
Google Scholar