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Limits to the host range of the highly polyphagous tephritid fruit fly Anastrepha ludens in its natural habitat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2015

A. Birke ,
E. Acosta  and
M. Aluja
A. Birke*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ecología A.C., Apartado Postal 63, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
E. Acosta
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ecología A.C., Apartado Postal 63, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
M. Aluja
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ecología A.C., Apartado Postal 63, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
*
* Author for correspondence Phone: +52-228-8421841 Fax: +52-228-8421800 Ext. 4105 E-mail: andrea.birke@inecol.mx
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Abstract

Anastepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a highly polyphagous fruit fly that is able to develop in a wide range of hosts. Understanding the limits of this pest's host range could provide valuable information for pest management and plant breeding for pest resistance. Previous studies have shown that guavas (Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) L.), are not attacked under natural conditions by A. ludens. To understand this phenomenon, guavas were exposed to natural infestation by A. ludens and to other fruit fly species that infest guavas in nature (Anastrepha striata Schiner, Anastepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), Anastepha obliqua (Macquart)). Once the susceptible phenological stage of guavas was determined, fruit infestation levels were compared between A. ludens and A. striata. Choice and non-choice tests were performed under field-cage conditions. Under field conditions, guavas were susceptible to A. striata and A. fraterculus attack all the way from when fruit was undeveloped to when fruit began to ripen. No infestation by A. ludens was recorded under natural conditions. Similar results were obtained when forced exposures were performed, indicating that unripe guavas were preferred by A. striata over ripe fruit, and that infestation rates were higher at early fruit maturity stages. Under forced oviposition conditions, A. ludens larvae were unable to develop in unripe guavas but did so in fully ripe fruit. However, A. ludens fitness parameters were dramatically affected, exhibiting reduced survival and reduced pupal weight compared to conspecifics that developed in a natural host, grapefruit. We confirm that P. guajava should not be treated as a natural host of this pestiferous species, and suggest that both behavioral aspects and the fact that larvae are unable to adequately develop in this fruit, indeed represent clear limits to A. ludens's broad host range.

Keywords

polyphagyhost rangehost statusTephritidaeAnastrepha ludensAnastrepha striataPsidium guajavaorchard management

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Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 105 , Issue 6 , December 2015 , pp. 743 - 753
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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