Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-9pm4c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T11:10:41.337Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Plasticity in host utilization by two host-associated populations of Aphis gossypii Glover

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 September 2017

A.K. Barman ,
K.R. Gadhave ,
B. Dutta  and
R. Srinivasan
A.K. Barman
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 2360 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
K.R. Gadhave
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 2360 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
B. Dutta
Affiliation:
Department of Plant pathology, University of Georgia, 2360 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
R. Srinivasan*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 2360 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
*
*Author for correspondence Tel.: 229-386-3374 Fax: 229-386-3086 E-mail: babusri@uga.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Biological and morphological plasticity in polyphagous insect herbivores allow them to exploit diverse host plant species. Geographical differences in resource availability can lead to preferential host exploitation and result in inconsistent host specialization. Biological and molecular data provide insights into specialization and plasticity of such herbivore populations. In agricultural landscapes, Aphis gossypii encounters several crop and non-crop hosts, which exist in temporal and spatial proximity. We investigated the host-specialization of two A. gossypii host-associated populations (HAPs), which were field collected from cotton and squash (cotton-associated population and melon-associated population), and later maintained separately in the greenhouse. The two aphid populations were exposed to seven plant species (cotton, okra, watermelon, squash, cucumber, pigweed, and morning glory), and evaluated for their host utilization plasticity by estimating aphid's fitness parameters (nymphal period, adult period, fecundity, and intrinsic rate of increase). Four phenotypical characters (body length, head capsule width, hind tibia length and cornicle length) were also measured from the resulting 14 different HAP × host plant combinations. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COI sequences showed no genetic variation between the two HAPs. Fitness parameters indicated a significant variation between the two aphid populations, and the variation was influenced by host plants. The performance of melon-aphids was poor (up to 89% reduction in fecundity) on malvaceous hosts, cotton and okra. However, cotton-aphids performed better on cucurbitaceous hosts, squash and watermelon (up to 66% increased fecundity) compared with the natal host, cotton. Both HAPs were able to reproduce on two weed hosts. Cotton-aphids were smaller than melon-aphids irrespective of their host plants. Results from this study suggest that the two HAPs in the study area do not have strict host specialization; rather they exhibit plasticity in utilizing several hosts. In this scenario, it is unlikely that host-associated A. gossypii populations would evolve into host-specific biotypes.

Keywords

plasticityfitnesshost specializationalternate hosts
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 108 , Issue 3 , June 2018 , pp. 360 - 369
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

†

Present address: Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced CA 95343.

References

Agarwala, B.K. & Choudhury, P.R. (2013) Host races of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, in asexual populations from wild plants of taro and brinjal. Journal of Insect Science 13, 1–13.Google Scholar
Awmack, C.S. & Leather, S.R. (2002) Host plant quality and fecundity in herbivorous insects. Annual Review of Entomology 47, 817–844.Google Scholar
Bancroft, J.S. (2006) Comparison of two species of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on nine host plants using age specific fecundity and survival. Southwestern Entomologist 31, 233–243.Google Scholar
Barman, A.K., Parajulee, M.N., Sansone, C.G., Suh, C.P.C. & Medina, R.F. (2012) Geographic pattern of host-associated differentiation in the cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 143, 31–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernays, E.A. & Chapman, R.F. (1994) Host-Plant Selection by Phytophagous Insects. New York, Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Blackman, R.L. & Eastop, V.F. (2000) Aphids on the World's Crops. An Identification and Information Guide. 2nd edn. New York, Wiley.Google Scholar
Brady, C.M. & White, J.A. (2013) Cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora) associated with different host plants has different facultative endosymbionts. Ecological Entomology 38, 433–437.Google Scholar
Brévault, T., Carletto, J., Linderme, D., & Vanlerberghe-Masutti, F. (2008) Genetic diversity of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii in the unstable environment of a cotton growing area. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 10, 215–223.Google Scholar
Carletto, J., Lombaert, E., Chavigny, P., Brevault, T., Lapchin, L. & Vanlerberghe-Masutti, F. (2009) Ecological specialization of the aphid Aphis gossypii glover on cultivated host plants. Molecular Ecology 18, 2198–2212.Google Scholar
Chen, J.Q., Rahbe, Y., Delobel, B. (1999) Effect of pyrazole compounds from melon on the melon aphid Aphis gossypii. Phytochemistry 50, 1117–1122.Google Scholar
de Kogel, W.J., Bosco, D., van der Hoek, M. & Mollema, C. (1999) Effect of host plant on body size of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) and its correlation with reproductive capacity. European Journal of Entomology 96, 365–368.Google Scholar
Dixon, A.F.G. (1998) Aphid Ecology: An Optimization Approach. 2nd edn. London, Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Douglas, A.E. (1993) The nutritional quality of phloem sap utilized by natural aphid populations. Ecological Entomology 18, 31–38.Google Scholar
Ebert, T.A. & Cartwright, B. (1997) Biology and ecology of Aphis gossypii glover (Homoptera: Aphididae). Southwestern Entomologist 22, 116–153.Google Scholar
Fox, L.R. & Morrow, P.A. (1981) Specialization: species property or local phenomenon? Science 211, 887–893.Google Scholar
Fox, C.W., Waddell, K.J. & Mousseau, T.A. (1995) Parental host-plant affects offspring life-histories in a seed beetle. Ecology 76, 402–411.Google Scholar
Fukatsu, T., Tsuchida, T., Nikoh, N. & Koga, R. (2001) Spiroplasma symbiont of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Insecta: Homoptera). Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, 1284–1291.Google Scholar
Funk, D.J. & Bernays, E.A. (2001) Geographic variation in host specificity reveals host range evolution in Uroleucon ambrosiae aphids. Ecology 82, 726–739.Google Scholar
Futuyma, D.J. (1976) Food plant specialization and environmental predictability in lepidoptera. American Naturalist 110, 285–292.Google Scholar
Futuyma, D.J. & Moreno, G. (1988) The evolution of ecological specialization. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 19, 207–233.Google Scholar
Gao, X. & Liu, X.D. (2008) Differentiation of cotton and cucumber specialized aphids of Aphis gossypii glover in capacity to produce sexuales. Acta Entomologica Sinica 51, 40–45.Google Scholar
Gotthard, K., Margraf, N. & Rahier, M. (2004) Geographic variation in oviposition choice of a leaf beetle: the relationship between host plant ranking, specificity, and motivation. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 110, 217–224.Google Scholar
Graur, D. & Li, W.H. (1999) Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution. Sunderland, MA, Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Guldemond, J.A., Tigges, W.T. & Devrijer, P.W.F. (1994) Host races of Aphis gossyii (Homoptera: Aphididae) on cucumber and chysanthemum. Environmental Entomology 23, 1235–1240.Google Scholar
Hall, B.G. (2001) Phylogenetic Trees Made Easy. Sunderland, MA, Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Honek, A. (1993) Intraspecific variation in body size and fecundity in insects- a general relationship. Oikos 66, 483–492.Google Scholar
Horowitz, A.R. & Ishaaya, I. (2014) Dynamics of biotypes B and Q of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci and its impact on insecticide resistance. Pest Management Science 70, 1568–1572.Google Scholar
Jaenike, J. (1990) Host specialization in phytophagous insects. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 21, 243–273.Google Scholar
Lamb, R.J., MacKay, P.A. & Migui, S.M. (2009) Measuring the performance of aphids: fecundity versus biomass. Canadian Entomologist 141, 401–405.Google Scholar
Lee, W. & Lee, S. (2013) Molecular and morphological characterization of two aphid genera, Acyrthosiphon and Aulacorthum (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 16, 29–35.Google Scholar
Liu, X.D., Zhai, B.P. & Zhang, X.X. (2008 a) Specialized host-plant performance of the cotton aphid is altered by experience. Ecological Research 23, 919–925.Google Scholar
Liu, X.D., Zhai, B.P., Zhang, X.X. & Gu, H.N. (2008 b) Variability and genetic basis for migratory behaviour in a spring population of the aphid, Aphis gossypii glover in the Yangtze river valley of China. Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, 491–497.Google Scholar
Margaritopoulos, J.T., Tsitsipis, J.A., Zintzaras, E. & Blackman, R.L. (2000) Host-correlated morphological variation of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera : Aphididae) populations in Greece. Bulletin of Entomological Research 90, 233–244.Google Scholar
Margaritopoulos, J.T., Tzortzi, M., Zarpas, K.D. & Tsitsipis, J.A. (2009) Predominance of parthenogenetic reproduction in Aphis gossypii populations on summer crops and weeds in Greece. Bulletin of Insectology 62, 15–20.Google Scholar
McBride, C.S. (2007) Rapid evolution of smell and taste receptor genes during host specialization in Drosophila sechellia. Proceedings of National Academy Sciences USA 104, 4996–5001.Google Scholar
McLean, A.H.C., Ferrari, J. & Godfray, H.C.J. (2009) Effects of the maternal and pre-adult host plant on adult performance and preference in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Ecological Entomology 34, 330–338.Google Scholar
Medina, R.F., Nachappa, P. & Tamborindeguy, C. (2011) Differences in bacterial diversity of host-associated populations of Phylloxera notabilis Pergande (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) in pecan and water hickory. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 24, 761–771.Google Scholar
Miyata, T., Hayashida, H., Kikuno, R., Hasegawa, M., Kobayashi, M. & Koike, K. (1982) Molecular clock of silent substitution: at least six-fold preponderance of silent changes in mitochondrial genes over those in nuclear genes. Journal of Molecular Evolution 19, 28–35.Google Scholar
Moran, N. (1981) Intraspecific variability in herbivore performance and host quality- A field-study of Uroleucon caligatus (Homoptera, Aphididae) and its Solidago hosts (Asteraceae). Ecological Entomology 6, 301–306.Google Scholar
Mousseau, T.A. & Dingle, H. (1991) Maternal effects in insect life histories. Annual Review of Entomology 36, 511–534.Google Scholar
Najar-Rodriguez, A.J., McGraw, E.A., Hull, C.D., Mensah, R.K. & Walter, G.H. (2009) The ecological differentiation of asexual lineages of cotton aphids: alate behaviour, sensory physiology, and differential host associations. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 97, 503–519.Google Scholar
Olivares-Donoso, R., Troncoso, A.J., Tapia, D.H., Aguilera-Olivares, D. & Niemeyer, H.M. (2007) Contrasting performances of generalist and specialist Myzus persicae (Hemiptera : Aphididae) reveal differential prevalence of maternal effects after host transfer. Bulletin of Entomological Research 97, 61–67.Google Scholar
Pereira, C.D. & de Paula, C.L. (2009) Plasticity on size and feccundity of the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) utilizing distinct hosts. Bioscience Journal, 25, 122–130.Google Scholar
Perng, J.J. (2002) Life history traits of Aphis gossypii glover (Hom., Aphididae) reared on four widely distributed weeds. Journal of Applied Entomology-Zeitschrift Fur Angewandte Entomologie 126, 97–100.Google Scholar
Powell, G., Tosh, C.R. & Hardie, J. (2006). Host plant selection byaphids: behavioral, evolutionary, and applied perspectives. Annual Review of Entomology 51, 309–330.Google Scholar
Razmjou, J., Vorburger, C., Moharramipour, S., Mirhoseini, S.Z. & Fathipour, Y. (2010) Host-associated differentiation and evidence for sexual reproduction in Iranian populations of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 134, 191–199.Google Scholar
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19, 1572–1574.Google Scholar
Satar, S., Kersting, U. & Yokomi, R. (2013) Presence of two host races of Aphis gossypii glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) collected in Turkey. Annals of Applied Biology 162, 41–49.Google Scholar
Schoonhoven, L.M., van Loon, J.J.A. & Dicke, M. (2005) Insect-Plant Biology. 2nd edn. Cambridge, University Press.Google Scholar
Simon, C., Frati, F., Beckenbach, A., Crespi, B., Liu, H. & Flook, P. (1994) Evolution, weighing, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene-sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain-reaction primers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87, 651–701.Google Scholar
Singer, M.C. & McBride, C.S. (2012) Geographic mosaics of species’ association: a definition and an example driven by plant-insect phenological synchrony. Ecology 93, 2658–2673.Google Scholar
Song, N., Zhang, H., Li, H. & Cai, W. (2016) All 37 mitochondrial genes of aphid Aphis craccivora obtained from transcriptome sequencing: implications for the evolution of aphids. PLoS ONE 11, e0157857. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157857.Google Scholar
Stotz, G.C., Suárez, L.H., Gonzáles, W.L. & Gianoli, E. (2013) Local host adaptation and use of a novel host in the seed beetle Megacerus eulophus. PLoS ONE 8, e53892.Google Scholar
Sword, G.A., Joern, A., & Senior, L.B. (2005) Host plant-associated genetic differentiation in the snakeweed grasshopper, Hesperotettix viridis (Orthoptera : Acrididae). Molecular Ecology 14, 2197–2205.Google Scholar
Tariq, M., Wright, D.J. & Staley, J.T. (2010) Maternal host plant effects on aphid performance: contrasts between a generalist and a specialist species on Brussels sprout cultivars. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 12, 107–112.Google Scholar
Thompson, J.N. (2005) The Geographic Mosaic of Coevolution. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Via, S. (1991) Specialized host plant performance of pea aphid clones is not altered by experience. Ecology 72, 1420–1427.Google Scholar
Via, S. & Shaw, A.J. (1996) Short-term evolution in the size and shape of pea aphids. Evolution 50, 163–173.Google Scholar
Wang, Y., Huang, X.L., Qiao, G.X. (2013) Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of five aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and phylogenetic implications. PLoS ONE 8, e77511. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077511.Google Scholar
Webster, T.M. & MacDonald, G.E. (2001) A survey of weeds in various crops in Georgia. Weed Technology 15, 771–790.Google Scholar
Wool, D. & Hales, D.F. (1997) Phenotypic plasticity in Australian cotton aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae): host plant effects on morphological variation. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 90, 316–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wyatt, I.J. & White, P.F. (1977) Simple estimation of intrinsic increase rates for aphids and tetranychid mites. Journal of Applied Ecology, 14, 757–766.Google Scholar
Zehnder, C.B. & Hunter, M.D. (2007) A comparison of maternal effects and current environment on vital rates of Aphis nerii, the milkweed-oleander aphid. Ecological Entomology 32, 172–180.Google Scholar