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Explaining variations in the diversity of parasitoid assemblages in a biosphere reserve of Mexico: evidence from vegetation, land management and seasonality

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 November 2017

A. González-Moreno ,
S. Bordera ,
J. Leirana-Alcocer ,
H. Delfín-González  and
H.S. Ballina-Gómez
A. González-Moreno*
Affiliation:
Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Avenida Tecnológico, s/n. C.P. 97345, Conkal, Yucatán, Mexico
S. Bordera
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales/Instituto de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de Biodiversidad), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. Corr. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
J. Leirana-Alcocer
Affiliation:
Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 97300, Mérida, Yucatán, México
H. Delfín-González
Affiliation:
Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 97300, Mérida, Yucatán, México
H.S. Ballina-Gómez
Affiliation:
Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Avenida Tecnológico, s/n. C.P. 97345, Conkal, Yucatán, Mexico
*
*Author for correspondence Phone: +52 (999) 9124130 (ext.122) E-mail: gonzalezmoreale@gmail.com
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Abstract

Insect fauna biodiversity in natural protected areas has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess whether and how vegetation types, land management and seasonality influence the diversity of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) in the Ría Lagartos Biosphere Reserve (Mexico). A sampling programme was conducted using Malaise traps from 2008 to 2009 in three vegetation types, each with two conservation zones (core and buffer zones). Three seasons were considered: rainy, dry and north-winds (isolated storms from November to February). A total of 336 species were identified. Rarefaction and Generalized Linear Model indicated higher species richness and abundance, respectively, in the buffer zone of the dry forest; possible explanations for this finding include the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, wherein diversity can be higher in sites where disturbance is not very frequent or very intense, and the ‘enemies hypothesis’, wherein structural complexity and high plant diversity favour increased predators or, in this case, parasitoids. Diversity was higher during the rainy season, which may have been due to the higher availability of resources. Vegetation and management had a positive impact on the Coc (attack cocoons and pupae) and Myc (attack concealed larvae living in the fruiting bodies of mushrooms) parasitoid guilds. Members of the Coc guild are generalist parasitoids, which may be favoured in complex vegetation with a high richness of potential hosts and non-hosts. The Myc guild requires certain environmental conditions that promote fungal growth, such as humidity, that is absent in the other vegetation types of savannah and coastal dune scrubland.

Keywords

Ichneumonidaeprotected areaspecies richnessparasitoid diversityconservationNeotropic
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 108 , Issue 5 , October 2018 , pp. 602 - 615
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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