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Geographical distribution and genetic analysis reveal recent global invasion of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, primarily associated with only three haplotypes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2025

Jing Peng ,
Xiao-Lu Lv ,
Xiao-Tong Ran ,
Vikas Jindal ,
Geetika Banta ,
Virash K. Gupta ,
Vivek Kumar ,
Qing-Jun Wu ,
Bharathi Mohindru  and
Cindy L. McKenzie
...Show all authors
Jing Peng
Affiliation:
Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
Xiao-Lu Lv
Affiliation:
Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
Xiao-Tong Ran
Affiliation:
Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
Vikas Jindal
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
Geetika Banta
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
Virash K. Gupta
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
Vivek Kumar
Affiliation:
Mid Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, USA
Qing-Jun Wu
Affiliation:
Institute of Vegetables & Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
Bharathi Mohindru
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
Cindy L. McKenzie
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Horticultural Research Laboratory, Subtropical Insect Research Unit, Pierce, FL, USA
Lance S. Osborne
Affiliation:
Mid Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, USA
Muhammad Z. Ahmed*
Affiliation:
Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC, USA
Bao-Li Qiu*
Affiliation:
Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
*
Corresponding author: Muhammad Z. Ahmed; Email: mahmed2@clemson.edu; Bao-Li Qiu; Email: baileyqiu@scau.edu.cn
Corresponding author: Muhammad Z. Ahmed; Email: mahmed2@clemson.edu; Bao-Li Qiu; Email: baileyqiu@scau.edu.cn
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Abstract

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci is a cryptic species complex in which one member, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) has invaded globally. After invading large countries like Australia, China, and the USA, MEAM1 spread rapidly across each country. In contrast, our analysis of MEAM1 in India showed a very different pattern. Despite the detection of MEAM1 being contemporaneous with invasions in Australia, the USA, and China, MEAM1 has not spread widely and instead remains restricted to the southern regions. An assessment of Indian MEAM1 genetic diversity showed a level of diversity equivalent to that found in its presumed home range and significantly higher than that expected across the invaded range. The high level of diversity and restricted distribution raises the prospect that its home range extends into India. Similarly, while the levels of diversity in Australia and the USA conformed to that expected for the invaded range, China did not. It suggests that China may also be part of its home range. We also observed that diversity across the invaded range was primarily accounted for by a single haplotype, Hap1, which accounted for 79.8% of all records. It was only the invasion of Hap1 that enabled outbreaks to occur and MEAM1’s discovery.

Keywords

Bemisia tabaciChinacryptic specieshaplotypesIndiaorigin

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Research Paper
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Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 115 , Issue 2 , April 2025 , pp. 194 - 206
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© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press.

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